Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_700_23
Vinay Garg, Ankur Garg, Shubha Garg, Sudhir Kumar Jain, T. Dikid, Saurabh Jain, Jitendra Manjhi, A. Montresor, Atul Goel
To assess efficacy of albendazole against Ascaris (A.) lumbrìcoides among school-children at three sites of Rajahmundry, Sundergarh and Wayanad. Sites were selected based on soil-transmitted helminths prevalence, different sociocultural-geographical characteristics and operational feasibility. 9-12 Years old children from 14 schools were included. The study was conducted in two rounds: baseline & follow up survey. All eligible children found positive for A. lumbricoides at baseline were administered supervised single tablet albendazole 400 mg under the National Deworming Day Initiative. During post-treatment follow-up survey, eligible children who provided second stool sample were included in the final analysis. Stool samples were examined using WHO recommended Kato-Katz technique. Efficacy was estimated based on cure rate (CR) and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Rate (FECRR) among children found positive in baseline and follow-up surveys. 328 Out of 625 (52.5%) were found positive for A. lumbricoides in the baseline survey and 85 out of 178 samples (47.8%) during post-treatment follow-up survey. Overall, the estimated CR was 52.2%. FECRR (95% CI) for albendazole was 72.6% (79.2%-66.0%). The FECRR was highest in East Godaveri [89.7% (96.8%-82.6%)], followed by Sundergarh [86.4% (95.3%-77.5%)] and Wayanad [69% (81.7%-56.4%)]. Our study confirmed overall reduction in FEC although with varying albendazole efficacy for A. lumbricoides infection at three different locations in India. However, these finding may be assessed in context of ongoing MDA under Filaria control program and further studies by in vivo as well as in vitro methods are required to reach to a conclusion on possible resistance if any.
{"title":"Assessment of albendazole efficacy against Ascaris lumbricoides at three sites of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, and Kerala in India","authors":"Vinay Garg, Ankur Garg, Shubha Garg, Sudhir Kumar Jain, T. Dikid, Saurabh Jain, Jitendra Manjhi, A. Montresor, Atul Goel","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_700_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_700_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To assess efficacy of albendazole against Ascaris (A.) lumbrìcoides among school-children at three sites of Rajahmundry, Sundergarh and Wayanad.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Sites were selected based on soil-transmitted helminths prevalence, different sociocultural-geographical characteristics and operational feasibility. 9-12 Years old children from 14 schools were included. The study was conducted in two rounds: baseline & follow up survey. All eligible children found positive for A. lumbricoides at baseline were administered supervised single tablet albendazole 400 mg under the National Deworming Day Initiative. During post-treatment follow-up survey, eligible children who provided second stool sample were included in the final analysis. Stool samples were examined using WHO recommended Kato-Katz technique. Efficacy was estimated based on cure rate (CR) and Fecal Egg Count Reduction Rate (FECRR) among children found positive in baseline and follow-up surveys.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 328 Out of 625 (52.5%) were found positive for A. lumbricoides in the baseline survey and 85 out of 178 samples (47.8%) during post-treatment follow-up survey. Overall, the estimated CR was 52.2%. FECRR (95% CI) for albendazole was 72.6% (79.2%-66.0%). The FECRR was highest in East Godaveri [89.7% (96.8%-82.6%)], followed by Sundergarh [86.4% (95.3%-77.5%)] and Wayanad [69% (81.7%-56.4%)].\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our study confirmed overall reduction in FEC although with varying albendazole efficacy for A. lumbricoides infection at three different locations in India. However, these finding may be assessed in context of ongoing MDA under Filaria control program and further studies by in vivo as well as in vitro methods are required to reach to a conclusion on possible resistance if any.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141849203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_932_23
S. A. Khan, Neelima Shrivastava, M. J. Akhtar, Aftab Ahmad, Asif Husain
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare, highly contagious and a deadly disease with a variable fatality rate ranging from 30% to 90%. Over the past two decades, Ebola pandemic has severely affected the sub-Sahara region including Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Uganda. The causative agents of the most EVD cases are three distinct species out of six Ebolaviruses namely Zaire Ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan Ebolavirus (SUDV) and Bundibugyo Ebolavirus (BDBV). In recent years, significant strides have been made in therapeutic interventions. Notably, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved two monoclonal antibodies: InmazebTM (REGN-EB3) and Ansuvimab or Ebanga™. Additionally, many small molecules are currently in the developmental stage, promising further progress in medical treatment. Addressing the critical need for preventive measures, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the licensed Ebola vaccines-Ervebo and the combination of Zabdeno (Ad26.ZEBOV) and Mvabea (MVA-BN-Filo) as well as the vaccines which are currently being tested for their efficacy and safety in clinical studies. These vaccines might play an important role in curbing the spread and mitigating the impact of this lethal disease. The current treatment landscape for EVD encompasses both nutritional (supportive) and drug therapies. The review comprehensively details the origin, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of EVD, shedding light on the ongoing efforts to combat this devastating disease. It explores small molecules in various stages of the development, discusses patents filed or granted, and delves into the clinical and supportive therapies that form the cornerstone of EVD management. This review aims to provide the recent developments made in the design and synthesis of small molecules for scientific community to facilitate a deeper understanding of the disease and fostering the development of effective strategies for prevention, treatment, and control of EVD.
{"title":"Current updates on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and development of small molecule therapeutics for the treatment of Ebola virus infections","authors":"S. A. Khan, Neelima Shrivastava, M. J. Akhtar, Aftab Ahmad, Asif Husain","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_932_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_932_23","url":null,"abstract":"Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare, highly contagious and a deadly disease with a variable fatality rate ranging from 30% to 90%. Over the past two decades, Ebola pandemic has severely affected the sub-Sahara region including Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Uganda. The causative agents of the most EVD cases are three distinct species out of six Ebolaviruses namely Zaire Ebolavirus (ZEBOV), Sudan Ebolavirus (SUDV) and Bundibugyo Ebolavirus (BDBV). In recent years, significant strides have been made in therapeutic interventions. Notably, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved two monoclonal antibodies: InmazebTM (REGN-EB3) and Ansuvimab or Ebanga™. Additionally, many small molecules are currently in the developmental stage, promising further progress in medical treatment. Addressing the critical need for preventive measures, this review provides an in-depth analysis of the licensed Ebola vaccines-Ervebo and the combination of Zabdeno (Ad26.ZEBOV) and Mvabea (MVA-BN-Filo) as well as the vaccines which are currently being tested for their efficacy and safety in clinical studies. These vaccines might play an important role in curbing the spread and mitigating the impact of this lethal disease. The current treatment landscape for EVD encompasses both nutritional (supportive) and drug therapies. The review comprehensively details the origin, pathogenesis, and epidemiology of EVD, shedding light on the ongoing efforts to combat this devastating disease. It explores small molecules in various stages of the development, discusses patents filed or granted, and delves into the clinical and supportive therapies that form the cornerstone of EVD management. This review aims to provide the recent developments made in the design and synthesis of small molecules for scientific community to facilitate a deeper understanding of the disease and fostering the development of effective strategies for prevention, treatment, and control of EVD.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_13_24
Jichao Peng, Jun Chen, Xinxin Wu, Jin Qian, Nan Li, Yang Yi, Yue Huang, Juncai Lu, Wenxing Zhang, Zhengyu Li, Zhao Li, Min Li, Xiaoran Liu
To assess the correlation between atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City. Daily data on atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City from 2018 to 2021 were collected. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation, and a distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the health effects and lag impacts of environmental factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex and age. According to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10: J00-J99), a total of 221 913 cases were included, accounting for 21.3% of the total emergency department visits in Haikou City. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, the risk of emergency department visits increased by 1.029% (95% CI 1.016%-1.042%). Relative humidity greater than 80% reduced the risk of visits, while higher atmospheric pressure (>1 010 hpa) also decreased the likelihood of daily emergency department visits. Higher concentrations of PM25 (30-50 μg/m3), PM10 (>60 μg/m3), and O3 (75-125 μg/m3) were associated with increased visits. Higher temperatures (>25 °C) have a greater impact on females and children aged 0-14 years, while males are more sensitive to low atmospheric pressure. Individuals aged 65 and above exhibited increased sensitivity to O3 concentration, and the effects of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 are more pronounced in individuals over 14 years old. Short-term exposure to high temperatures, particulate matter pollutants (PM25 and PM10), and ozone (O3) is associated with increased emergency department visits for respiratory diseases.
{"title":"Short-term effects of low-level PM2.5, PM10, O3, and tropical meteorological conditions on emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou, China","authors":"Jichao Peng, Jun Chen, Xinxin Wu, Jin Qian, Nan Li, Yang Yi, Yue Huang, Juncai Lu, Wenxing Zhang, Zhengyu Li, Zhao Li, Min Li, Xiaoran Liu","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_13_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_13_24","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To assess the correlation between atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Daily data on atmospheric pollutants, meteorological factors, and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases in Haikou City from 2018 to 2021 were collected. The Spearman rank correlation test was used to analyze the correlation, and a distributed lag non-linear model was employed to analyze the health effects and lag impacts of environmental factors. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on sex and age.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 According to the criteria of International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10: J00-J99), a total of 221 913 cases were included, accounting for 21.3% of the total emergency department visits in Haikou City. For every 1 °C increase in temperature, the risk of emergency department visits increased by 1.029% (95% CI 1.016%-1.042%). Relative humidity greater than 80% reduced the risk of visits, while higher atmospheric pressure (>1 010 hpa) also decreased the likelihood of daily emergency department visits. Higher concentrations of PM25 (30-50 μg/m3), PM10 (>60 μg/m3), and O3 (75-125 μg/m3) were associated with increased visits. Higher temperatures (>25 °C) have a greater impact on females and children aged 0-14 years, while males are more sensitive to low atmospheric pressure. Individuals aged 65 and above exhibited increased sensitivity to O3 concentration, and the effects of PM2.5, PM10, and O3 are more pronounced in individuals over 14 years old.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Short-term exposure to high temperatures, particulate matter pollutants (PM25 and PM10), and ozone (O3) is associated with increased emergency department visits for respiratory diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141838572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_874_23
Nilshan Fernando, Chiranthi Welhenge, R. Premaratna, Ahamed Uwyse
Lepromatous leprosy can have many atypical presentations, obscuring early diagnosis. We present a case of lepromatous leprosy, presenting with atypical features, which made a diagnostic dilemma. A 48-year-old man presented with bilateral lower limb oedema and scaly “ichthyosis like” skin rash in both hands and feet, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia, over a course of three months, without any classical features of leprosy. A skin biopsy revealed an unexpected diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy. Lepromatous leprosy. Multi-drug regimen treatment with rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine for lepromatous leprosy. The patient made a good clinical recovery. In endemic settings, clinicians should be aware of similar atypical manifestations of leprosy to face the global challenge of eradicating this chronic deforming disease.
{"title":"Borderline lepromatous leprosy: A case report","authors":"Nilshan Fernando, Chiranthi Welhenge, R. Premaratna, Ahamed Uwyse","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_874_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_874_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Lepromatous leprosy can have many atypical presentations, obscuring early diagnosis. We present a case of lepromatous leprosy, presenting with atypical features, which made a diagnostic dilemma.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 48-year-old man presented with bilateral lower limb oedema and scaly “ichthyosis like” skin rash in both hands and feet, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia, over a course of three months, without any classical features of leprosy. A skin biopsy revealed an unexpected diagnosis of borderline lepromatous leprosy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Lepromatous leprosy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Multi-drug regimen treatment with rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine for lepromatous leprosy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The patient made a good clinical recovery.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In endemic settings, clinicians should be aware of similar atypical manifestations of leprosy to face the global challenge of eradicating this chronic deforming disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To explore the correlation between genotypes of Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of scrub typhus patients. Clinical data of patients with scrub typhus admitted to different types of medical institutions in Guangzhou from September 2012 to December 2016 were collected using medical records. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, as well as hematological and biochemical indicators of patients infected with different genotypes were analyzed and compared. A total of 192 patients were included in this study, including 121 patients with Karp genotype of O. tsutsugamushi infection (63.0%), 36 patients with Gilliam genotype (19.0%), 23 patients with Kato genotype (12.0%), and 12 patients with TA763 genotype (6.0%) infection. The median value of albumin in patients with Karp genotype infection was significantly lower than that of Gilliam-infected patients (P=0.032). Patients with Karp genotype infection had a significantly longer hospital stay (9 days) than those with Gilliam genotype (7 days) (P=0.009) and Kato genotype infection (6 days) (P=0.005). Karp-infected patients also represented for the largest number of patients with complicated organ involvement (88/133, 66.2%). Furthermore, Karp-infected patients had higher risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (18.2%) and requiring intensive care unit treatment (15.9%). Besides, patients with Gilliam genotype (8 days) and TA763 genotype infection (7.5 days) had shorter fever duration than those with Karp genotype (9 days) and Kato genotype (9 days) infection, respectively. Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi were associated with varying clinical manifestations, organ involvement, and treatment outcomes, suggesting that genotypes ranged in virulence.
{"title":"Correlation between genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of patients with scrub typhus in Guangzhou, China","authors":"Jiali Long, Ziyi Zeng, Haiyan Chen, X. Tao, Xinwei Wu, Shouyi Chen, Liqun Fang, Xiuqing Zhang, Jianxiong Xu, Lin Zhang, Yue-hong Wei","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_820_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_820_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To explore the correlation between genotypes of Orientia (O.) tsutsugamushi and clinical characteristics of scrub typhus patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Clinical data of patients with scrub typhus admitted to different types of medical institutions in Guangzhou from September 2012 to December 2016 were collected using medical records. Demographic data, clinical manifestations, as well as hematological and biochemical indicators of patients infected with different genotypes were analyzed and compared.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 192 patients were included in this study, including 121 patients with Karp genotype of O. tsutsugamushi infection (63.0%), 36 patients with Gilliam genotype (19.0%), 23 patients with Kato genotype (12.0%), and 12 patients with TA763 genotype (6.0%) infection. The median value of albumin in patients with Karp genotype infection was significantly lower than that of Gilliam-infected patients (P=0.032). Patients with Karp genotype infection had a significantly longer hospital stay (9 days) than those with Gilliam genotype (7 days) (P=0.009) and Kato genotype infection (6 days) (P=0.005). Karp-infected patients also represented for the largest number of patients with complicated organ involvement (88/133, 66.2%). Furthermore, Karp-infected patients had higher risk of developing multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (18.2%) and requiring intensive care unit treatment (15.9%). Besides, patients with Gilliam genotype (8 days) and TA763 genotype infection (7.5 days) had shorter fever duration than those with Karp genotype (9 days) and Kato genotype (9 days) infection, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Genotypes of Orientia tsutsugamushi were associated with varying clinical manifestations, organ involvement, and treatment outcomes, suggesting that genotypes ranged in virulence.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To investigate the importance of immunization in preventing measles infection and to determine the most useful laboratory tests for confirmation of measles. This study included pediatric cases evaluated with a presumed diagnosis of measles between December 2022 and June 2023, at Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital. The effects of vaccination status and underlying disease on the clinical course, treatments, and complications were evaluated. In total, 117 patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 80 months (IQR: 32.5-125.0). Twelve patients with contact history were asymptomatic and had an underlying disorder, and intravenous immunoglobulin was given to them for post-exposure prophylaxis. Fifty-one patients had confirmed measles diagnosis. Ribavirin treatment was given to three patients (a newborn, a girl with rhabdomyosarcoma, and a healthy boy) with respiratory distress. Seventy-eight percent of confirmed measles cases were unvaccinated, and all hospitalized cases were unvaccinated or under-vaccinated. Four full-vaccinated children had confirmed measles infection. Measles PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs was negative in all of them, and their diagnosis was established with anti-measles IgM positivity. The measles vaccine is the most effective way to protect from measles and measles-related complications. Although measles can also occur in fully vaccinated patients, the disease is milder than in unvaccinated patients. Using ELISA and RT-PCR tests together may be beneficial in patients with high clinical suspicion for early diagnosis.
{"title":"Epidemic management in a measles outbreak in 2023, the return of vaccine–preventable diseases: A single center, retrospective observational study","authors":"S. Tuncay, Gülşen Akkoç, Seyhan Yılmaz, Burcu Parlak, Pınar Canizci Erdemli, Aylin Dizi Işık, Didem Büyüktaş Aytaç, Meryem Cagla Abaci Capar, Eda Kepenekli Kadayıfçı","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_687_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_687_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To investigate the importance of immunization in preventing measles infection and to determine the most useful laboratory tests for confirmation of measles.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This study included pediatric cases evaluated with a presumed diagnosis of measles between December 2022 and June 2023, at Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital. The effects of vaccination status and underlying disease on the clinical course, treatments, and complications were evaluated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In total, 117 patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 80 months (IQR: 32.5-125.0). Twelve patients with contact history were asymptomatic and had an underlying disorder, and intravenous immunoglobulin was given to them for post-exposure prophylaxis. Fifty-one patients had confirmed measles diagnosis. Ribavirin treatment was given to three patients (a newborn, a girl with rhabdomyosarcoma, and a healthy boy) with respiratory distress. Seventy-eight percent of confirmed measles cases were unvaccinated, and all hospitalized cases were unvaccinated or under-vaccinated. Four full-vaccinated children had confirmed measles infection. Measles PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs was negative in all of them, and their diagnosis was established with anti-measles IgM positivity.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The measles vaccine is the most effective way to protect from measles and measles-related complications. Although measles can also occur in fully vaccinated patients, the disease is milder than in unvaccinated patients. Using ELISA and RT-PCR tests together may be beneficial in patients with high clinical suspicion for early diagnosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_672_23
A. Adekeye
{"title":"Smoking of Carica papaya in Nigeria: The rationale, the public health effects and policies for intervention","authors":"A. Adekeye","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_672_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_672_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140404167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_680_23
Shiza Malik, Khalid Muhammad, Omar Ahsan, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Ranjit Sah, Yasir Waheed
Zika virus (ZIKV) is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults worldwide. Its wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific community. Numerous trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV infection. This review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection. A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic development. The results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection, such as DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, virus-vector-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, virus-like particles, and mRNA-based vaccines. In addition, approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are discussed. Although many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development, none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to now. The issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.
{"title":"Advances in Zika virus vaccines and therapeutics: A systematic review","authors":"Shiza Malik, Khalid Muhammad, Omar Ahsan, Muhammad Tahir Khan, Ranjit Sah, Yasir Waheed","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_680_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_680_23","url":null,"abstract":"Zika virus (ZIKV) is the causative agent of a viral infection that causes neurological complications in newborns and adults worldwide. Its wide transmission route and alarming spread rates are of great concern to the scientific community. Numerous trials have been conducted to develop treatment options for ZIKV infection. This review highlights the latest developments in the fields of vaccinology and pharmaceuticals developments for ZIKV infection. A systematic and comprehensive approach was used to gather relevant and up-to-date data so that inferences could be made about the gaps in therapeutic development. The results indicate that several therapeutic interventions are being tested against ZIKV infection, such as DNA vaccines, subunit vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, virus-vector-based vaccines, inactivated vaccines, virus-like particles, and mRNA-based vaccines. In addition, approved anti-ZIKV drugs that can reduce the global burden are discussed. Although many vaccine candidates for ZIKV are at different stages of development, none of them have received Food and Drug Authority approval for use up to now. The issue of side effects associated with these drugs in vulnerable newborns and pregnant women is a major obstacle in the therapeutic pathway.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140407678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_814_23
B. Bhattacharjee, H. Patel, R. Karad, Vasireddy Teja, Agnibho Mondal, S. Haldar, Bibhuti Saha
Acute pain is a medical emergency that requires prompt abdominal evaluation and management. Dengue, a mosquito-borne arboviral infection, can lead to complications such as acute abdominal pain. A 72-year-old hypertensive female presented with high-grade intermittent fever with chills and rigors for four days. She was diagnosed with dengue fever (NS1Ag-reactive) the day before admission. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed a hematoma along the rectus sheath which was managed conservatively as per surgical opinion. Dengue hemorrhagic fever with rectus sheath hematoma. Blood transfusion and fluid therapy. Ten days after discharge, the patient reproted no pain in the right iliac fossa and the size of the hematoma was significantly reduced. Although it is rarely seen as a cause of acute abdomen, complaints of adnominal pain should never be ignored in critical or convalescent phase of dengue fever. Radiological investigations should be promptly conducted as hematoma is often difficult to be diagnosed clinically. Delay in diagnosis of rectus sheath hematoma can be fatal.
{"title":"Dengue hemorrhagic fever with rectus sheath hematoma: A case report","authors":"B. Bhattacharjee, H. Patel, R. Karad, Vasireddy Teja, Agnibho Mondal, S. Haldar, Bibhuti Saha","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_814_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_814_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Acute pain is a medical emergency that requires prompt abdominal evaluation and management. Dengue, a mosquito-borne arboviral infection, can lead to complications such as acute abdominal pain.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 72-year-old hypertensive female presented with high-grade intermittent fever with chills and rigors for four days. She was diagnosed with dengue fever (NS1Ag-reactive) the day before admission. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen showed a hematoma along the rectus sheath which was managed conservatively as per surgical opinion.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Dengue hemorrhagic fever with rectus sheath hematoma.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Blood transfusion and fluid therapy.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Ten days after discharge, the patient reproted no pain in the right iliac fossa and the size of the hematoma was significantly reduced.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Although it is rarely seen as a cause of acute abdomen, complaints of adnominal pain should never be ignored in critical or convalescent phase of dengue fever. Radiological investigations should be promptly conducted as hematoma is often difficult to be diagnosed clinically. Delay in diagnosis of rectus sheath hematoma can be fatal.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140402084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01DOI: 10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_520_23
Lely Indrawati, D. Tjandrarini, Ning Sulistiyowati, Tin Afifah, Astridya Paramita, F. P. Senewe, Pandji Wibawa Dewantara
To determine the risk factors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This retrospective study used hospitalization records collected by the Indonesia Health Social Security Administrator Agency (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan-BPJS Kesehatan). A total of 38277 eligible patients with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. The dependent variable of the study was the discharge status (death or recovery) of COVID-19. Independent variables were history of morbidity and disease-related occurrence, type of room health facilities, length of stay and demographic variables (sex, age). The analyses use bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the dominating variable associated with all these variables. Of the 38 277 inpatients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 31051 (81.1%) were discharged and 7226 (18.9%) died. Risk of death was positively associated with older age (aOR 5.74, 95% CI 4.20-7.87 for 19-64 years old; aOR 13.75, 95% CI 9.99-18.92 for 65 years above), male sex (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.19), treated in ICU without ventilator (aOR 5.84, 95% CI 5.41-6.30) and had comorbid respiratory diseases (aOR 5.39, 95% CI 4.93-5.90), but negatively associated with hospital stay of 15 days or longer (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.36-0.43). COVID-19 related death during hospitalization was associated with duration and type of treatment, and existing medical condition among the inpatient individuals during COVID-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta. The findings of the study suggest importance of appropriate and timely medical intervention and care.
确定 COVID-19 住院患者的死亡风险因素。 这项回顾性研究使用了印度尼西亚卫生社会保障局（Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan-BPJS Kesehatan）收集的住院记录。共分析了 38277 名确诊为 COVID-19 的合格患者。研究的因变量是 COVID-19 的出院状态（死亡或康复）。自变量为发病史和疾病相关病史、病房医疗设施类型、住院时间和人口统计学变量（性别、年龄）。分析采用双变量和多变量逻辑回归，以确定与所有这些变量相关的主导变量。 在 38 277 名经 PCR 证实感染 COVID-19 的住院病人中，31051 人（81.1%）出院，7226 人（18.9%）死亡。19）、在无呼吸机的重症监护室接受治疗（aOR 5.84，95% CI 5.41-6.30）和合并呼吸系统疾病（aOR 5.39，95% CI 4.93-5.90），但与住院 15 天或更长时间呈负相关（aOR 0.39，95% CI 0.36-0.43）。 在雅加达DKI地区COVID-19大流行期间，住院期间与COVID-19相关的死亡与治疗持续时间、治疗类型以及住院病人的现有医疗状况有关。研究结果表明，适当、及时的医疗干预和护理非常重要。
{"title":"Characteristics of hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 and their hospital management","authors":"Lely Indrawati, D. Tjandrarini, Ning Sulistiyowati, Tin Afifah, Astridya Paramita, F. P. Senewe, Pandji Wibawa Dewantara","doi":"10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_520_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_520_23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To determine the risk factors of mortality among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This retrospective study used hospitalization records collected by the Indonesia Health Social Security Administrator Agency (Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan-BPJS Kesehatan). A total of 38277 eligible patients with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed. The dependent variable of the study was the discharge status (death or recovery) of COVID-19. Independent variables were history of morbidity and disease-related occurrence, type of room health facilities, length of stay and demographic variables (sex, age). The analyses use bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the dominating variable associated with all these variables.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Of the 38 277 inpatients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, 31051 (81.1%) were discharged and 7226 (18.9%) died. Risk of death was positively associated with older age (aOR 5.74, 95% CI 4.20-7.87 for 19-64 years old; aOR 13.75, 95% CI 9.99-18.92 for 65 years above), male sex (aOR 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.19), treated in ICU without ventilator (aOR 5.84, 95% CI 5.41-6.30) and had comorbid respiratory diseases (aOR 5.39, 95% CI 4.93-5.90), but negatively associated with hospital stay of 15 days or longer (aOR 0.39, 95% CI 0.36-0.43).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 COVID-19 related death during hospitalization was associated with duration and type of treatment, and existing medical condition among the inpatient individuals during COVID-19 pandemic in DKI Jakarta. The findings of the study suggest importance of appropriate and timely medical intervention and care.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140405935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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