Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.390165
AbdulRahman Muthanna, N. Baharin, Mohd Nasir Desa, N. Dzaraly, Mohammad Noor Azmai, Syafinaz Amin-Nordin
Objective: To determine the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolated from non-pregnant adults from seven major hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia; the incidence, case-fatality ratio, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, serotype, genotype and distribution of the GBS virulence and pili genes are also investigated. Methods: This multicentre, prospective, observational study is conducted in seven major tertiary hospitals in Malaysia among non-pregnant adults. Simultaneously, a retrospective study is conducted in the selected hospitals with similar approaches. GBS isolates are subjected to phenotyping, serotyping by multiplex PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCR-detection of GBS virulence and pilus genes. Seven housekeeping genes are amplified and sequenced for multi-locus sequence typing. Discussion: Findings from the study may contribute to the management of clinical practice to diagnose and prevent GBS related diseases in a timely manner. Prudent use of antibiotics is encouraged by monitoring antimicrobial resistance.
{"title":"Disease burden, antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of invasive group B Streptococcus among non-pregnant adults in Malaysia: A protocol study","authors":"AbdulRahman Muthanna, N. Baharin, Mohd Nasir Desa, N. Dzaraly, Mohammad Noor Azmai, Syafinaz Amin-Nordin","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.390165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.390165","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) isolated from non-pregnant adults from seven major hospitals in Peninsular Malaysia; the incidence, case-fatality ratio, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, serotype, genotype and distribution of the GBS virulence and pili genes are also investigated. Methods: This multicentre, prospective, observational study is conducted in seven major tertiary hospitals in Malaysia among non-pregnant adults. Simultaneously, a retrospective study is conducted in the selected hospitals with similar approaches. GBS isolates are subjected to phenotyping, serotyping by multiplex PCR, antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PCR-detection of GBS virulence and pilus genes. Seven housekeeping genes are amplified and sequenced for multi-locus sequence typing. Discussion: Findings from the study may contribute to the management of clinical practice to diagnose and prevent GBS related diseases in a timely manner. Prudent use of antibiotics is encouraged by monitoring antimicrobial resistance.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"498 - 505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139297851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The periodic outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever, zika fever, and yellow fever all over the world highlights the need for effective mosquito control methods targeting the biological system. Due to the lack of therapeutic measures, preventive treatments or vaccines against pathogens, insecticide resistance eventually lead the research focus towards novel technological applications in mosquito management. Nanomaterials with ovicidal, larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties for controlling mosquito vectors are under research. A literature search was carried out for advancements in nanomaterials, insecticides, and mosquito control in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. This paper aims to provide insights into various nanomaterials relevant to mosquito-borne diseases, in vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation against mosquito species, mode of action, effect on non-target organisms, and ecological risks. Organic and inorganic materials that provide controlled release, target delivery, less dosage, prolonged efficacy, a reduction in the use of organic solvents and emulsifiers, and minimum pollution to the environment have already been explored. Indeed, further research on the ecological risk and economic feasibility of nanomaterials in mosquitocidal applications should be done prior to commercialization.
登革热、寨卡热和黄热病等蚊媒疾病在世界各地的周期性爆发，凸显了针对生物系统的有效蚊虫控制方法的必要性。由于缺乏针对病原体的治疗措施、预防治疗或疫苗，杀虫剂的抗药性最终导致研究重点转向蚊虫管理方面的新型技术应用。目前正在研究具有杀卵、杀幼虫剂、杀成虫和驱避特性的纳米材料，以控制蚊虫媒介。我们在 PubMed/MEDLINE、Scopus、Google Scholar、ScienceDirect 和 Web of Science 中对纳米材料、杀虫剂和蚊虫控制方面的进展进行了文献检索。本文旨在深入探讨与蚊媒疾病相关的各种纳米材料、对蚊子物种的体内和体外毒性评估、作用模式、对非目标生物的影响以及生态风险。人们已经探索了能够控释、靶向给药、减少用量、延长药效、减少有机溶剂和乳化剂的使用以及将环境污染降到最低的有机和无机材料。事实上，在商业化之前，应进一步研究纳米材料在灭蚊应用中的生态风险和经济可行性。
{"title":"Applications of nanomaterials in mosquito vector control: A review","authors":"Sahadiya Mandodan, Aneha Kunnikuruvan, Bhagyashree Bora, Hemaladkshmi Padmanaban, Abhisubesh Vijayakumar, Kakhuangailiu Gangmei, Manikandan Sivaprakasam, Jibi Lukose, Mathivanan Ashokkumar, Vijayalakshmi Krishnamoorthy, S. Poopathi","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.390164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.390164","url":null,"abstract":"The periodic outbreak of mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever, zika fever, and yellow fever all over the world highlights the need for effective mosquito control methods targeting the biological system. Due to the lack of therapeutic measures, preventive treatments or vaccines against pathogens, insecticide resistance eventually lead the research focus towards novel technological applications in mosquito management. Nanomaterials with ovicidal, larvicidal, adulticidal, and repellent properties for controlling mosquito vectors are under research. A literature search was carried out for advancements in nanomaterials, insecticides, and mosquito control in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science. This paper aims to provide insights into various nanomaterials relevant to mosquito-borne diseases, in vivo and in vitro toxicity evaluation against mosquito species, mode of action, effect on non-target organisms, and ecological risks. Organic and inorganic materials that provide controlled release, target delivery, less dosage, prolonged efficacy, a reduction in the use of organic solvents and emulsifiers, and minimum pollution to the environment have already been explored. Indeed, further research on the ecological risk and economic feasibility of nanomaterials in mosquitocidal applications should be done prior to commercialization.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"479 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139298155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.386256
Jie Liu, Wanqing Zheng, Zhen Liu, Xiujing Jiang
Objective: To determine the impact of major disease epidemics on pharmaceutical manufacturing firms' Research & Development (R&D) investments and economic consequences. Methods: The sample consists of 1 582 firm-year observations from 2009 to 2022 in China, of which, 26.6% of pharmaceutical companies are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of prevalent diseases. Linear models using R&D investments, patent applications, operating performances and stock returns as dependent variables are constructed separately to examine the response of pharmaceutical companies to disease epidemics and the resulting economic consequences. Results: The prevalence of five major diseases led to a 17.5% increase in the amount of R&D investment and an 87.8% rise in the ratio of R&D investment to total assets by disease-related pharmaceutical companies, compared to unrelated pharmaceutical companies. Further evidence indicated that the patent applications for disease-related firms increased by 44.3% relative to unrelated firms after the epidemics. Though the impacts of the epidemics on firms' operating performances were insignificant in the short term, a major disease epidemic was associated with an increase in stock returns of 67.4% and 44.6%, respectively, as measured by the capital asset pricing model and Fama-French five-factor model. Additional analysis revealed that the impacts of the epidemics on R&D investments and patent applications were more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises than state-owned enterprises. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that disease-related pharmaceutical firms respond to the disease epidemics through increasing R&D investment. More patent applications and higher market value are the main gains from the firms' increased investments in R&D following the epidemic, rather than the improvements of short-term operating performances.
{"title":"Impact of H1N1, H7N9, ASFV, dengue virus and COVID-19 on pharmaceutical manufacturing firms' R&D investments and economic consequences: Evidence from China","authors":"Jie Liu, Wanqing Zheng, Zhen Liu, Xiujing Jiang","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.386256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.386256","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the impact of major disease epidemics on pharmaceutical manufacturing firms' Research & Development (R&D) investments and economic consequences. Methods: The sample consists of 1 582 firm-year observations from 2009 to 2022 in China, of which, 26.6% of pharmaceutical companies are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of prevalent diseases. Linear models using R&D investments, patent applications, operating performances and stock returns as dependent variables are constructed separately to examine the response of pharmaceutical companies to disease epidemics and the resulting economic consequences. Results: The prevalence of five major diseases led to a 17.5% increase in the amount of R&D investment and an 87.8% rise in the ratio of R&D investment to total assets by disease-related pharmaceutical companies, compared to unrelated pharmaceutical companies. Further evidence indicated that the patent applications for disease-related firms increased by 44.3% relative to unrelated firms after the epidemics. Though the impacts of the epidemics on firms' operating performances were insignificant in the short term, a major disease epidemic was associated with an increase in stock returns of 67.4% and 44.6%, respectively, as measured by the capital asset pricing model and Fama-French five-factor model. Additional analysis revealed that the impacts of the epidemics on R&D investments and patent applications were more pronounced for non-state-owned enterprises than state-owned enterprises. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that disease-related pharmaceutical firms respond to the disease epidemics through increasing R&D investment. More patent applications and higher market value are the main gains from the firms' increased investments in R&D following the epidemic, rather than the improvements of short-term operating performances.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136152142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.388029
Emily Schembri, Angus J D Campbell, Juan Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas
Objective: To identify and discuss on-farm management practices linked to bacterial zoonosis risk in smallholder dairy farmers in South Asia. Methods: This scoping review was conducted as per the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five hundred and two publications were retrieved from five online databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Studies were selected if they discussed a farm management practice which impacted human health within a South Asian country. Results: Twenty-two studies were included. Seven management practices relevant to farmers, livestock and their shared environment were identified including raw milk consumption, farm hygiene management, personal protective equipment uses, animal vaccination, cleaning udders, hand washing and disposal of afterbirth materials. Preventive practices were found to be utilized at lower frequencies compared to risk increasing practices. Awareness of bacterial zoonoses is particularly low within the region. Conclusions: Based on the results of this review, it was determined that improving farmer awareness of bacterial zoonotic diseases may favor several of the presented leverage points within the South Asian smallholder dairy system. Relying on formal school education to improve this awareness may not solve this problem, instead, more focus on accessible and affordable zoonoses education and farming programs is required.
{"title":"South Asian dairy smallholders: A scoping review of practices and zoonoses","authors":"Emily Schembri, Angus J D Campbell, Juan Pablo Villanueva-Cabezas","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.388029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.388029","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To identify and discuss on-farm management practices linked to bacterial zoonosis risk in smallholder dairy farmers in South Asia. Methods: This scoping review was conducted as per the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five hundred and two publications were retrieved from five online databases using a comprehensive search strategy. Studies were selected if they discussed a farm management practice which impacted human health within a South Asian country. Results: Twenty-two studies were included. Seven management practices relevant to farmers, livestock and their shared environment were identified including raw milk consumption, farm hygiene management, personal protective equipment uses, animal vaccination, cleaning udders, hand washing and disposal of afterbirth materials. Preventive practices were found to be utilized at lower frequencies compared to risk increasing practices. Awareness of bacterial zoonoses is particularly low within the region. Conclusions: Based on the results of this review, it was determined that improving farmer awareness of bacterial zoonotic diseases may favor several of the presented leverage points within the South Asian smallholder dairy system. Relying on formal school education to improve this awareness may not solve this problem, instead, more focus on accessible and affordable zoonoses education and farming programs is required.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135922516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.388389
Rui He, Siqi Zhong, Jinghua Fan
Rationale: Aeromonas hydrophila , a bacterium commonly found in a variety of soils, aquatic habitats, and other natural environments, is known for causing infections and hemorrhagic diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial animals. Patients with leukemia, when infected by Aeromonas hydrophila following chemotherapy, face an increased risk of developing necrotizing fasciitis. Patient concerns: A 48-year-old male with a history of acute myeloid leukemia presented with swelling and pain in his right hand after being stabbed by a grass carp two days ago. The injury occurred on the fifth day after his last chemotherapy session when he was accidentally punctured in the right thumb and ring finger by a carp while fishing. Two days following the injury, the skin isurrounding the wound turned black immediately, while the rest of his hand was reddened, swollen, and bleeding. Diagnosis: Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the soft tissue of the right hand. Interventions: Intravenous antibiotics and local debridement. Outcomes: The patient experienced an alleviation of systemic poisoning symptoms, effective control of the local wound infection. Lessons: It is important for physicians to appreciate the potential for highly unusual and life-threatening infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent the development of necrotizing fasciitis and save patients' lives.
{"title":"Aeromonas hydrophila infection in acute myeloid leukemia: A case report","authors":"Rui He, Siqi Zhong, Jinghua Fan","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.388389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.388389","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Aeromonas hydrophila , a bacterium commonly found in a variety of soils, aquatic habitats, and other natural environments, is known for causing infections and hemorrhagic diseases in both aquatic and terrestrial animals. Patients with leukemia, when infected by Aeromonas hydrophila following chemotherapy, face an increased risk of developing necrotizing fasciitis. Patient concerns: A 48-year-old male with a history of acute myeloid leukemia presented with swelling and pain in his right hand after being stabbed by a grass carp two days ago. The injury occurred on the fifth day after his last chemotherapy session when he was accidentally punctured in the right thumb and ring finger by a carp while fishing. Two days following the injury, the skin isurrounding the wound turned black immediately, while the rest of his hand was reddened, swollen, and bleeding. Diagnosis: Aeromonas hydrophila infection in the soft tissue of the right hand. Interventions: Intravenous antibiotics and local debridement. Outcomes: The patient experienced an alleviation of systemic poisoning symptoms, effective control of the local wound infection. Lessons: It is important for physicians to appreciate the potential for highly unusual and life-threatening infections in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment can prevent the development of necrotizing fasciitis and save patients' lives.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.388384
Shrikant Nema, Nitika Nitika, Anup R Anvikar, Praveen K Bharti
{"title":"Malaria slide bank plays a crucial role in achieving and sustaining malaria elimination in India","authors":"Shrikant Nema, Nitika Nitika, Anup R Anvikar, Praveen K Bharti","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.388384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.388384","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To estimate the risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with leptospirosis. Methods: All reported (41 890) and later confirmed leptospirosis (1 990) cases from 2010-2020 were traced by universal sampling. 386 Laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases were enrolled and 413 age, gender, area, and occupation matched healthy persons were included as controls. Variables including socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, and health-related behaviours were compared between the two groups and association between these variables and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was analyzed with multiple linear regression. Results: The median of eGFR was 49.0 (27.0, 75.0) mL/min/1.73 m 2 in the cases and 96.0 (72.0, 121.0) mL/min/1.73 m 2 in the controls, showing significant differences ( P <0.001). Bivariate analysis showed that leptospirosis seropositivitiy, repeat leptospirosis infection, diabetes, male gender, working in field (sun exposure), COVID-19 infection and smoking had statistically significant association with reduced eGFR. Leptospirosis seropositivity had negative effects on eGFR. Multiple linear regression confirmed that leptospirosis seropositivity had negative effects on eGFR (unstandardised p coefficients= −30.86, 95% CI −49.7 to −11.9, P <0.001). Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease is a complex disease with multiple risk factors involved. Exposure to leptospirosis is one of the essential factors in accelerating its progression.
{"title":"Risk estimation of chronic kidney disease in a leptospirosis endemic area: A case-control study from south Andaman Islands of India","authors":"Ambreen Fatema, Manjunatha Ramu, Paluru Vijayachari","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.388385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.388385","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To estimate the risk of chronic kidney disease in patients with leptospirosis. Methods: All reported (41 890) and later confirmed leptospirosis (1 990) cases from 2010-2020 were traced by universal sampling. 386 Laboratory-confirmed leptospirosis cases were enrolled and 413 age, gender, area, and occupation matched healthy persons were included as controls. Variables including socio-demographic characteristics, medical history, and health-related behaviours were compared between the two groups and association between these variables and reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was analyzed with multiple linear regression. Results: The median of eGFR was 49.0 (27.0, 75.0) mL/min/1.73 m 2 in the cases and 96.0 (72.0, 121.0) mL/min/1.73 m 2 in the controls, showing significant differences ( P <0.001). Bivariate analysis showed that leptospirosis seropositivitiy, repeat leptospirosis infection, diabetes, male gender, working in field (sun exposure), COVID-19 infection and smoking had statistically significant association with reduced eGFR. Leptospirosis seropositivity had negative effects on eGFR. Multiple linear regression confirmed that leptospirosis seropositivity had negative effects on eGFR (unstandardised p coefficients= −30.86, 95% CI −49.7 to −11.9, P <0.001). Conclusions: Chronic kidney disease is a complex disease with multiple risk factors involved. Exposure to leptospirosis is one of the essential factors in accelerating its progression.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.386257
Zainul Khaqiqi Nantabah, Rofingatul Mubasyiroh, Antonius Yudi Kristanto, Lely Indrawati, Astridya Paramita, Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini, Agung Dwi Laksono
Objective: To investigate individual characteristics related to satisfaction with the quality of First Health Facility Services (FHFS) in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzes national representation data. Meanwhile, the study involved 9846 representative respondents in 2019. Respondent's satisfaction with FHFS based on the five dimensions of service quality (SERVQUAL) is a dependent variable. Independent variables consist of sex, marital status, age, education, employment, insurance ownership, and economics. The study used multivariate logistic regression to explain the relationship between individual characteristics and FSHS quality. Results: 77.3% Respondents were satisfied with FHFS, with the highest order of satisfaction dimensions being assurance (59.4%), empathy (57.3%), reliability (53.6%), responsiveness (52.7%), and then tangibility (49.1%). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that divorce was 1.48 more likely than never-married to be satisfied (95% CI 1.17-1.87). Employees were 0.77 less likely than the unemployed to get satisfied (95% CI 0.70-0.86). Respondents with higher education was 0.82 less likely than those with primary education to be satisfied (95% CI 0.67-0.99). Meanwhile, respondents who had government-run insurance were 1.61 more likely than uninsured to be satisfied (95% CI 1.42-1.80). Moreover, the rich were 0.82 less likely than the poor to get satisfied (95% CI 0.73-0.92). Conclusions: Community satisfaction with FHFS is generally high, though some areas could be improved. Demographic factors are still strongly related to satisfaction ratings. The government can assess the quality of services in accordance with standards and disseminate information about service standards for primary facilities to all levels of society, ensuring that service satisfaction is rated as good by all groups.
目的:调查印度尼西亚第一卫生设施服务(FHFS)质量满意度的个体特征。方法:本横断面研究分析了国家代表性数据。同时，该研究在2019年涉及9846名代表性受访者。基于服务质量五个维度(SERVQUAL)的被调查者对FHFS的满意度是一个因变量。自变量包括性别、婚姻状况、年龄、教育程度、就业、保险所有权和经济状况。本研究采用多元逻辑回归分析个体特征与FSHS质量之间的关系。结果:77.3%的被调查者对家庭健康服务的满意度最高，满意度维度依次为保证(59.4%)、共情(57.3%)、信度(53.6%)、反应性(52.7%)和可触性(49.1%)。多变量逻辑分析显示，离婚的满意度比未婚的高1.48 (95% CI 1.17-1.87)。雇员的满意度比失业者低0.77 (95% CI 0.70-0.86)。接受过高等教育的受访者满意度比接受过初等教育的受访者低0.82 (95% CI 0.67-0.99)。与此同时，有政府经营保险的受访者比没有保险的人满意的可能性高1.61(95%可信区间1.42-1.80)。此外，富人的满意度比穷人低0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.92)。结论:社区对FHFS的满意度总体较高，但仍存在一些有待改进的地方。人口因素仍然与满意度评级密切相关。政府可以按照标准对服务质量进行评估，并向社会各阶层宣传基层设施的服务标准，确保各群体的服务满意度都是良好的。
{"title":"Public satisfaction with the quality of First Health Facility Services in Indonesia: Does sociodemographic matter?","authors":"Zainul Khaqiqi Nantabah, Rofingatul Mubasyiroh, Antonius Yudi Kristanto, Lely Indrawati, Astridya Paramita, Dwi Hapsari Tjandrarini, Agung Dwi Laksono","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.386257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.386257","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate individual characteristics related to satisfaction with the quality of First Health Facility Services (FHFS) in Indonesia. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzes national representation data. Meanwhile, the study involved 9846 representative respondents in 2019. Respondent's satisfaction with FHFS based on the five dimensions of service quality (SERVQUAL) is a dependent variable. Independent variables consist of sex, marital status, age, education, employment, insurance ownership, and economics. The study used multivariate logistic regression to explain the relationship between individual characteristics and FSHS quality. Results: 77.3% Respondents were satisfied with FHFS, with the highest order of satisfaction dimensions being assurance (59.4%), empathy (57.3%), reliability (53.6%), responsiveness (52.7%), and then tangibility (49.1%). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that divorce was 1.48 more likely than never-married to be satisfied (95% CI 1.17-1.87). Employees were 0.77 less likely than the unemployed to get satisfied (95% CI 0.70-0.86). Respondents with higher education was 0.82 less likely than those with primary education to be satisfied (95% CI 0.67-0.99). Meanwhile, respondents who had government-run insurance were 1.61 more likely than uninsured to be satisfied (95% CI 1.42-1.80). Moreover, the rich were 0.82 less likely than the poor to get satisfied (95% CI 0.73-0.92). Conclusions: Community satisfaction with FHFS is generally high, though some areas could be improved. Demographic factors are still strongly related to satisfaction ratings. The government can assess the quality of services in accordance with standards and disseminate information about service standards for primary facilities to all levels of society, ensuring that service satisfaction is rated as good by all groups.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135588427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.345946
Lee Phone Youth Zen, Meng Yee Lai, Mohd Hafizi Abdul Hamid, Jenarun Jelip, Rose Nani Mudin, Noor Hafizan Bt Mat Salleh, Netty Darwina Dawam, Nirzayanna Eyan Abdul Ajak, Mohd Ashrin Afiq Bin Zainudin, Yee Ling Lau
In a point of care setting for the diagnosis of malaria, DNA extraction using conventional methods are time-consuming and complicated. Therefore, in this study we aim to utilize a simple nucleic acid extraction method to directly extract DNA from blood. This would in turn reduce the time, cost and equipment needed to perform DNA extraction. This method is then coupled with LAMP assay for rapid diagnosis of malaria. We obtained 77 malaria samples, of which 36 were Plasmodium (P.) knowlesi, 10 P. vivax, 10 P. falciparum, 1 P. malariae and 20 healthy blood samples from district hospitals from Selangor, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, and Perak, from 2019 to 2021. All malaria samples tested by LAMP or nested PCR were collected prior to antimalarial treatment. All malaria samples collected were confirmed by microscope at the hospital and cross-checked by Medical Laboratory Technician at the District Health Office. The samples were confirmed by microscopic examination and nested PCR as described by Snounou et al[1] and Imwong et al[2]. The LAMP assay and primers were adapted from Lau et al[3]. The extraction method and buffers were adapted from Zou et al[4] with minor modifications. Blood samples of 60 μL, and 240 μL of lysis buffer [800 mM guanidine hydrochloride, 50 mM Tris (pH 8), 0.5% Triton™ X-100, 1% Tween-20, 40 μg/mL Proteinase K] was used. The tube consisting of blood and lysis buffer mixture was constantly inverted for until homogenous. A 6 mm diameter Whatman grade 1 qualitative filter paper was inserted into the tube was mixed constantly for 1 minute. The filter paper was then removed from the blood lysis mixture and washed in 1 mL of washing buffer [10 mM Tris (pH 8.0), 0.1% Tween-20]. The filter paper was then mixed constantly in the washing buffer for 1 minute. Following that, the filter paper was removed and dipped 5 times into the PCR tube consisting of the LAMP reaction before removing the filter paper. The LAMP assay was incubated in a Loopamp Real time turbidimeter LA 500 (Eiken Chemical Co., Ltd., Japan) at 65 °C for 60 minutes and inactivated at 80 °C for 2 minutes. Limit of detection of the method was performed by using P. knowlesi strain A1H1 obtained from the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya. P. knowlesi strain A1H1 culture blood was ten-fold serially diluted to parasitemia of 1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001% and 0.000 1% respectively with healthy blood, and was tested with the above method in triplicates. The clinical sensitivity and specificity of LAMP assay was determined using microscopy as the reference standard methods. Sensitivity was calculated as (number of true positives)/(number of true positives+number of false negatives), and specificity was calculated as (number of true negatives)/(number of true negatives+number of false positives). The DNA extraction method coupled with LAMP has a detection limit of 0.001% parasitemia (5 parasites/μL of blood) (Figure 1). A highly trained technician u
在疟疾诊断的医疗点环境中，使用传统方法提取DNA既耗时又复杂。因此，在本研究中，我们的目标是利用简单的核酸提取方法直接从血液中提取DNA。这反过来又会减少时间、成本和进行DNA提取所需的设备。然后，将该方法与LAMP试验相结合，用于疟疾的快速诊断。2019年至2021年，我们从雪兰莪州、吉兰丹州、森美兰州、彭亨州和霹雳州的地区医院获得77份疟疾样本，其中诺氏疟原虫36份、间日疟原虫10份、恶性疟原虫10份、疟疾疟原虫1份和健康血液样本20份。通过LAMP或巢式PCR检测的所有疟疾样本均在抗疟疾治疗前收集。收集的所有疟疾样本都在医院用显微镜进行了确认，并由区卫生办事处的医学实验室技术员进行了交叉检查。根据snoounou等[1]和Imwong等[2]的描述，通过显微镜检查和巢式PCR对样品进行确认。LAMP实验和引物均改编自Lau等[3]。提取方法和缓冲液采用邹等[4]，稍作修改。血液样品为60 μL，溶解缓冲液240 μL [800 mM盐酸胍，50 mM Tris (pH 8)， 0.5% Triton™X-100, 1% Tween-20, 40 μg/mL蛋白酶K]。由血液和溶解缓冲液组成的试管不断倒置，直至均匀。将直径6 mm的Whatman 1级定性滤纸插入管中，持续混合1分钟。然后将滤纸从血液溶解混合物中取出，用1ml洗涤缓冲液[10 mM Tris (pH 8.0)， 0.1% Tween-20]洗涤。将滤纸在洗涤缓冲液中不断混合1分钟。取下滤纸，将滤纸浸入LAMP反应组成的PCR管中5次，取下滤纸。LAMP实验在Loopamp实时浊度计LA 500 (Eiken Chemical Co.， Ltd, Japan)中65°C孵育60分钟，80°C灭活2分钟。方法的检出限为马来大学医学院寄生虫学教研室获得的诺氏疟原虫A1H1株。诺氏疟原虫A1H1培养血与健康人血分别稀释10倍至1%、0.1%、0.01%、0.001%和0.000 1%的寄生虫血症，分3次采用上述方法检测。以镜检法为参考标准方法，测定LAMP法的临床敏感性和特异性。敏感度计算为(真阳性数)/(真阳性数+假阴性数)，特异性计算为(真阴性数)/(真阴性数+假阳性数)。结合LAMP的DNA提取方法的检出限为0.001%寄生虫血症(5只寄生虫/μL血液)(图1)。训练有素的技术人员使用显微镜可以可靠地检测到50只寄生虫/μL血液，而实验室PCR方法的检出限为0.5至5只寄生虫/μL[5]。在进行检出限时，所有寄生率高于0.001%的样品均能扩增成功，而在0.000 1%寄生率的样品中有1/3阳性扩增。将LAMP的临床敏感性与常规巢式PCR和镜检结果进行比较。采用巢式PCR和镜检相结合的方法对77份样本进行了诊断。在采用巢式PCR和镜检诊断的77份样本中，有诺氏疟原虫(36份)、恶性疟原虫(10份)、间日疟原虫(10份)、疟疾疟原虫(1份)和20份疟原虫阴性样本。36株诺氏单胞菌中，有3株用LAMP联合替代DNA提取法未检出。该方法成功扩增了所有恶性疟原虫(n=10)、间日疟原虫(n=10)和疟疾疟原虫(n=1)阳性样本。20份健康血液样本未显示任何扩增。与显微镜法相比，LAMP联合DNA提取方法的灵敏度为94.7%，特异性为100%。图1所示。:环介导等温扩增DNA提取法的检出限。根据Loopamp实时浊度计LA 500 (Eiken Chemical Co.， Ltd, Japan)获得的结果绘制了图表。x轴表示时间，y轴表示浊度。标签如下，1%:1%诺氏疟原虫A1H1培养物;0.1%: 0.1%诺氏疟原虫A1H1培养物;0.01%: 0.01%诺氏疟原虫A1H1培养物;0.001%: 0.001%寄生虫血症诺氏疟原虫A1H1培养;0.000 1%: 0.000 1%诺氏疟原虫A1H1培养;-ve:双蒸馏水(无目标控制)。与镜检相比，替代DNA提取法联合LAMP的临床敏感性为94.7%，临床特异性为100%。 3个样品LAMP扩增失败可能是由于DNA的降解。为了证实DNA的降解，对这三个样本进行巢式PCR，没有观察到扩增。这些样品在-20°C下保存一年以上。在常温、4℃和-20℃下短期保存对DNA的产率影响较大[6]。采用异丙醇沉淀法、甲酰胺裂解物法、非有机溶剂萃取法和玻璃颗粒吸附法等传统方法提取基因组DNA耗时长，而苯酚和氯仿法使用有毒试剂，不适合现场诊断。大多数商业DNA提取试剂盒需要多个液体处理步骤[7]，不适合护理点。DNA提取方法的另一种方法是使用菲茨科/弗林德技术协议(FTA)纸，一种基于纤维素的DNA提取方法。FTA纸是一种以纤维素为基础的吸收性纸，经过专有的化学混合物处理，具有良好的保存和储存能力。然而，与使用未经处理的滤纸相比，基于FTA的DNA提取方法仍然被认为是昂贵的。根据Whatman的价格目录[8]，单次使用的FTA血液试剂盒的成本为10.48美元，而用于所提出的提取方法的70 mm直径的Whatman一级定性滤纸的成本仅为0.11美元。邹等人[4]发表的论文发现，纤维素基滤纸可以快速结合核酸，在短暂的洗涤步骤中保留核酸以去除污染物，然后直接洗脱进入扩增反应。然后，他们将滤纸改造成试纸，并且能够在不到30秒的时间内从各种生物样本中提取核酸，而不需要任何专门的设备[4]。在这项研究中，我们将这种方法用于疟疾的诊断。使用直径6毫米的滤纸代替，以便更大的表面积有助于DNA的结合。将洗涤液的体积从200 μL增加到1 mL，因为我们发现更大的体积有助于滤纸上污染物的扩散。然后将滤纸浸入LAMP测定中，使疟原虫DNA模板存在于测定中。总之，这里提出的方法允许扩增疟原虫DNA的时间和成本效益的方式。使用这种方法更容易获得和负担得起疟疾诊断，因此它将在资源有限的地区有用。利益冲突声明作者声明他们没有利益冲突。本研究经UMMC医学伦理委员会(MEC参考号817.18和908.11)和国家医学研究登记处(参考号817.18和908.11)批准。nmrr - 12 - 1105 - 13079)。本研究由马来西亚高等教育部长期研究资助计划(LRGS)资助，编号:LRGS/1/2018/UM/01/1/4。作者的贡献LPYZ和YLL使研究概念化。LPYZ整理数据，正式分析，调查，验证并撰写原始草案。YLL获得资金并管理该项目。YLL和MYL监督这个项目。mha, JJ, RNM, NHMS, NDD, NEAA和MAABZ提供了资源。所有作者都参与了审稿和编辑工作。《华尔街日报》的出版商对已出版地图的管辖权要求和机构关系保持中立。
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