Pub Date : 2023-08-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380722
J. Kumari, L. D. Amarasinghe, H. Ranasinghe
Objective: To determine the diversity of microbiota associated with different breeding habitats of dengue vector mosquitoes Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus and to identify any parasitic, epibiont, pathogenic, competitive or predatory species. Methods: Sampling was performed from a variety of breeding habitats using dipping, pipetting and siphoning techniques. Microbiota in water samples were preserved using Rose Bengal solution and Lugol’s iodine, and were identified. Live samples of microbiota were kept under laboratory conditions to observe any pathogenic or parasitic microbiota interacting with larvae. Results: A total of eleven microbiota species (Canthocamptus staphylinus, Canthocamptus microstaphylinus, Parastenocaris brevipes, Lepadella ovalis, Lepadella patella, Rotatoria rotatoria, Rotatoria macrura, Asplanchna brightwelli, Trichocerca rattus, Euglena variabilis, and Flagilaria capucina) belonging to four (4) phyla (Arthropoda, Rotifera, Euglenozoa, and Ochrophyta) and 8 microbiota species belonged to four phyla (Arthropoda, Rotifera, Euglenozoa, and Ochrophyta) were identified from Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus breeding habitats respectively. There was a higher percentage (54.54%) of larval habitats positive for the secondary vector Ae. albopictus than through the primary vector Ae. aegypti in the Gampola urban area indicating higher possibility of transmitting the dengue virus through the secondary vector. However, no pathogenic or parasitic ciliates on mosquito larvae were encountered in the present study. Those findings may be due to sampling maingly from temporary container-type breeding habitats. Conclusions: The relative distribution of microbiota associated with mosquito species differed significantly among Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The overall findings of this study could help in implementing novel eco-friendly vector-control strategies in the study area.
{"title":"Diversity and species composition of microbiota associated with dengue mosquito breeding habitats: A cross-sectional study from selected areas in Udapalatha MOH division, Sri Lanka","authors":"J. Kumari, L. D. Amarasinghe, H. Ranasinghe","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380722","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the diversity of microbiota associated with different breeding habitats of dengue vector mosquitoes Aedes (Ae.) aegypti and Ae. albopictus and to identify any parasitic, epibiont, pathogenic, competitive or predatory species. Methods: Sampling was performed from a variety of breeding habitats using dipping, pipetting and siphoning techniques. Microbiota in water samples were preserved using Rose Bengal solution and Lugol’s iodine, and were identified. Live samples of microbiota were kept under laboratory conditions to observe any pathogenic or parasitic microbiota interacting with larvae. Results: A total of eleven microbiota species (Canthocamptus staphylinus, Canthocamptus microstaphylinus, Parastenocaris brevipes, Lepadella ovalis, Lepadella patella, Rotatoria rotatoria, Rotatoria macrura, Asplanchna brightwelli, Trichocerca rattus, Euglena variabilis, and Flagilaria capucina) belonging to four (4) phyla (Arthropoda, Rotifera, Euglenozoa, and Ochrophyta) and 8 microbiota species belonged to four phyla (Arthropoda, Rotifera, Euglenozoa, and Ochrophyta) were identified from Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus breeding habitats respectively. There was a higher percentage (54.54%) of larval habitats positive for the secondary vector Ae. albopictus than through the primary vector Ae. aegypti in the Gampola urban area indicating higher possibility of transmitting the dengue virus through the secondary vector. However, no pathogenic or parasitic ciliates on mosquito larvae were encountered in the present study. Those findings may be due to sampling maingly from temporary container-type breeding habitats. Conclusions: The relative distribution of microbiota associated with mosquito species differed significantly among Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. The overall findings of this study could help in implementing novel eco-friendly vector-control strategies in the study area.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42990064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380724
Keneilwe Mhlambo, B. Iweriebor, N. Mkolo, Kayode Olayinka Afolabi, L. Obi
To determine the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens with a particular focus on Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from cattle in Gauteng and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa. A total of 200 ticks were collected from cattle within the Madala livestock, Pretoria, Gauteng Province and in Mankweng Township, Polokwane, Limpopo Province in 2019. The ticks were morphologically identified and processed individually for a total genomic DNA extraction. Specific primers targetting ompA, ompB, and the 17KDa genes were used for a molecular screening and delineation of Rickettsia from the extracted genetic materials using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR amplicons of positive samples were sequenced bidirectionally using the Sanger sequencing method. Sequences generated were processed and analysed using appropriate bioinformatics software. The ticks were morphologically identified as Amblyomma spp. PCR profiling of the genomic DNA samples revealed the presence of the Rickettsia pathogen in 42 (21%) of the ticks collected from both Provinces. Out of the genes profiled, 14 (7%) were positive for 17KDa, 42 (21%) for ompA and 32 (16%) were positive for ompB genes respectively. The nucleotide blast of the sequenced genomes showed high similarity, as high as 100% with other reference Rickettsia (R.) africae in the GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences further validated them as R. africae with their characteristic clustering pattern with related reference sequences. There is an abundance of R. africae in Amblyomma ticks collected from cattle in the study areas. This has serious public health implications as individuals who accidentally get infested with the ticks could acquire R. africae. Hence, adequate precautions in terms of sensitization of farmers about the risk and mass mobilization drive to control the vectors in the areas are highly recommended to safeguard public health.
{"title":"Molecular evidence and phylogenetic delineation of spotted fever group Rickettsia species in Amblyomma ticks from cattle in Gauteng and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa","authors":"Keneilwe Mhlambo, B. Iweriebor, N. Mkolo, Kayode Olayinka Afolabi, L. Obi","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380724","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To determine the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens with a particular focus on Rickettsia spp. in ticks collected from cattle in Gauteng and Limpopo Provinces, South Africa.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 200 ticks were collected from cattle within the Madala livestock, Pretoria, Gauteng Province and in Mankweng Township, Polokwane, Limpopo Province in 2019. The ticks were morphologically identified and processed individually for a total genomic DNA extraction. Specific primers targetting ompA, ompB, and the 17KDa genes were used for a molecular screening and delineation of Rickettsia from the extracted genetic materials using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. PCR amplicons of positive samples were sequenced bidirectionally using the Sanger sequencing method. Sequences generated were processed and analysed using appropriate bioinformatics software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The ticks were morphologically identified as Amblyomma spp. PCR profiling of the genomic DNA samples revealed the presence of the Rickettsia pathogen in 42 (21%) of the ticks collected from both Provinces. Out of the genes profiled, 14 (7%) were positive for 17KDa, 42 (21%) for ompA and 32 (16%) were positive for ompB genes respectively. The nucleotide blast of the sequenced genomes showed high similarity, as high as 100% with other reference Rickettsia (R.) africae in the GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis of the sequences further validated them as R. africae with their characteristic clustering pattern with related reference sequences.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There is an abundance of R. africae in Amblyomma ticks collected from cattle in the study areas. This has serious public health implications as individuals who accidentally get infested with the ticks could acquire R. africae. Hence, adequate precautions in terms of sensitization of farmers about the risk and mass mobilization drive to control the vectors in the areas are highly recommended to safeguard public health.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42548943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380725
S. Kundu, Sambudhya Chakraborty
Fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare entity in immunocompetent patients and is a diagnostic challenge. Conidiobolomycosis is a rare cause of fungal rhinosinusitis which happens to affect immunocompetent patients. A 30-year-old male patient complained of painless progressive swelling of nose for 5 years and painless progressive swelling of upper lip for 4 years associated with nasal obstruction for 5 years. Rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis. Systemic anti-fungals and saturated solution of potassium iodide. Swelling initially reduced but again increased eventually as he discontinued treatment. Proper adherence to drugs and need for facial reconstructive surgery may need to be considered in such cases of conidiobolomycosis.
{"title":"Rare fungal infection in a 30-year-old male patient from the eastern India: A case report","authors":"S. Kundu, Sambudhya Chakraborty","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380725","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare entity in immunocompetent patients and is a diagnostic challenge. Conidiobolomycosis is a rare cause of fungal rhinosinusitis which happens to affect immunocompetent patients.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A 30-year-old male patient complained of painless progressive swelling of nose for 5 years and painless progressive swelling of upper lip for 4 years associated with nasal obstruction for 5 years.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Rhinofacial conidiobolomycosis.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Systemic anti-fungals and saturated solution of potassium iodide.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Swelling initially reduced but again increased eventually as he discontinued treatment.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Proper adherence to drugs and need for facial reconstructive surgery may need to be considered in such cases of conidiobolomycosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46796059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380718
L. Chet, W. Kee, Yeoh Sheong, Choo Mei, Ramli Azuana
To compare the reporting pattern of hearing loss and tinnitus across different vaccines brands used in Malaysia (BNT162b2, CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, Ad5.CoV2-S and BBIBP-CorV). This retrospective study included all reports of hearing loss and tinnitus occurring after COVID-19 vaccination that were received in the national pharmacovigilance database, QUEST, from February 24, 2021 through July 31, 2022. Reports given causality consistent or indeterminate were included. There were 21 cases of hearing loss, with overall reporting rate of 0.29 cases per million doses. The rate was similar across BNT162b2, CoronaVac and ChAdOx1. For tinnitus, 35 cases were reported, with the overall reporting rate of 0.49 cases per million doses, and the highest rate was reported for ChAdOx1. For both events, most cases aged 30 to 49 years. No gender disparity was observed. Both events were mainly reported to have occurred after the primary doses, with a median time-to-onset of two days. There were no statistically significant differences in the reporting patterns for both events across BNT162b2, CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 by age group, gender, race, and dose number. Despite the low reporting rates and insufficient evidence to confirm its relationship, hearing loss and tinnitus following vaccinations should not be ignored due to its disabling potential and impact on one's quality of life. Continual reporting is encouraged for better signal characterization in the future.
{"title":"Hearing loss and tinnitus associated with COVID-19 vaccines: An analysis from the national pharmacovigilance database in Malaysia","authors":"L. Chet, W. Kee, Yeoh Sheong, Choo Mei, Ramli Azuana","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380718","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To compare the reporting pattern of hearing loss and tinnitus across different vaccines brands used in Malaysia (BNT162b2, CoronaVac, ChAdOx1, Ad5.CoV2-S and BBIBP-CorV).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This retrospective study included all reports of hearing loss and tinnitus occurring after COVID-19 vaccination that were received in the national pharmacovigilance database, QUEST, from February 24, 2021 through July 31, 2022. Reports given causality consistent or indeterminate were included.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 There were 21 cases of hearing loss, with overall reporting rate of 0.29 cases per million doses. The rate was similar across BNT162b2, CoronaVac and ChAdOx1. For tinnitus, 35 cases were reported, with the overall reporting rate of 0.49 cases per million doses, and the highest rate was reported for ChAdOx1. For both events, most cases aged 30 to 49 years. No gender disparity was observed. Both events were mainly reported to have occurred after the primary doses, with a median time-to-onset of two days. There were no statistically significant differences in the reporting patterns for both events across BNT162b2, CoronaVac and ChAdOx1 by age group, gender, race, and dose number.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Despite the low reporting rates and insufficient evidence to confirm its relationship, hearing loss and tinnitus following vaccinations should not be ignored due to its disabling potential and impact on one's quality of life. Continual reporting is encouraged for better signal characterization in the future.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46934385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.378561
Nurul-Nastasea Sabar, K. Yu, Rohani Ahmad, Rezki Masse, Mohamad Wn, Nor, M. Zurainee, Tengku-Idzzan Idris, R. Dianita
This review aimed to determine the prevalence of the insecticide resistance status of the field-collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Malaysia from 2010 to 2022 towards carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids. Biological and environmental controls were summarized with an emphasis on the mosquito vector control strategies in Malaysia. The information in this review was extracted from several databases such as PubMed (MEDLINE), Science Direct and Scopus by using keywords including “insecticide resistance”, “carbamate resistance”, “organochlorine resistance”, “organophosphate resistance”, “pyrethroid resistance”, “Aedes” and “Malaysia”, between January 2022 and December 2022. Distribution of resistant Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Malaysia was mapped using QGIS software. Insecticide resistance in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is widespread in Malaysia, although the rates vary by states. The most notable was the steep increase in permethrin resistance of Aedes aegypti in Selangor, Malaysia, over the past decade. Aedes albopictus also displayed moderate resistance to permethrin, though not as widespread as Aedes aegypti in Selangor, but showed sign of resistance in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Resistance towards four main classes of insecticides have been widely documented in Malaysia. The extensive resistance towards permethrin in Malaysia which is one of the current insecticides used in Malaysia suggested that policies supporting the widespread use of permethrin fogging needs further evaluation.
{"title":"Insecticide resistance status of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Malaysia (2010 to 2022): A review","authors":"Nurul-Nastasea Sabar, K. Yu, Rohani Ahmad, Rezki Masse, Mohamad Wn, Nor, M. Zurainee, Tengku-Idzzan Idris, R. Dianita","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.378561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.378561","url":null,"abstract":"This review aimed to determine the prevalence of the insecticide resistance status of the field-collected Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Malaysia from 2010 to 2022 towards carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids. Biological and environmental controls were summarized with an emphasis on the mosquito vector control strategies in Malaysia. The information in this review was extracted from several databases such as PubMed (MEDLINE), Science Direct and Scopus by using keywords including “insecticide resistance”, “carbamate resistance”, “organochlorine resistance”, “organophosphate resistance”, “pyrethroid resistance”, “Aedes” and “Malaysia”, between January 2022 and December 2022. Distribution of resistant Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Malaysia was mapped using QGIS software. Insecticide resistance in both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus is widespread in Malaysia, although the rates vary by states. The most notable was the steep increase in permethrin resistance of Aedes aegypti in Selangor, Malaysia, over the past decade. Aedes albopictus also displayed moderate resistance to permethrin, though not as widespread as Aedes aegypti in Selangor, but showed sign of resistance in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Resistance towards four main classes of insecticides have been widely documented in Malaysia. The extensive resistance towards permethrin in Malaysia which is one of the current insecticides used in Malaysia suggested that policies supporting the widespread use of permethrin fogging needs further evaluation.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47323256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A step towards zero leprosy: Active case finding through Community-Based Approach","authors":"Senthilkumar Ramasamy, Sanjana Agrawal, Hafseera Paradan","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44818117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380719
Nicolás Rozo Montoya, Juliana Quintero Pulgarín, L. Carvajal
To analyze the therapeutic response and safety of different treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis, received by patients in the Program for the Study and Control of Tropical Diseases- PECET-Medellín-Colombia. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients attended at PECET Research Center during 2016-2021. Relevant information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, history of leishmaniasis, characterization of current infection, treatment received, follow-up of therapeutic response and safety was collected from the medical records. Data were analyzed with Pearson's Chi-square association tests and Mann-Whitney U test using statistical software. A total of 486 clinical records of patients were analyzed, and 356 received treatment. Eight different therapeutic alternatives (systemic, local and in combination) were analyzed. The therapeutic response of the different alternatives used (except thermotherapy) was higher than 50%. Most frequent adverse events were myalgias, arthralgias and headache, and vesicles for systemic and local treatment, respectively. Safety profile and performance of local therapeutic alternatives and combined schemes for the treatment of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis are an interesting option for the management of the disease.
{"title":"Therapeutic response and safety of different treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis in patients treated at a research center in Medellin - Antioquia, Colombia, between 2016 – 2021","authors":"Nicolás Rozo Montoya, Juliana Quintero Pulgarín, L. Carvajal","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380719","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To analyze the therapeutic response and safety of different treatments for cutaneous leishmaniasis, received by patients in the Program for the Study and Control of Tropical Diseases- PECET-Medellín-Colombia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients attended at PECET Research Center during 2016-2021. Relevant information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, history of leishmaniasis, characterization of current infection, treatment received, follow-up of therapeutic response and safety was collected from the medical records. Data were analyzed with Pearson's Chi-square association tests and Mann-Whitney U test using statistical software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 486 clinical records of patients were analyzed, and 356 received treatment. Eight different therapeutic alternatives (systemic, local and in combination) were analyzed. The therapeutic response of the different alternatives used (except thermotherapy) was higher than 50%. Most frequent adverse events were myalgias, arthralgias and headache, and vesicles for systemic and local treatment, respectively.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Safety profile and performance of local therapeutic alternatives and combined schemes for the treatment of uncomplicated cutaneous leishmaniasis are an interesting option for the management of the disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43445706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.378565
G. Guedes, Crister J Ocadaque, A. Freitas, R. Pinheiro, G. Riello, S. Bandeira, R. Cordeiro, M. Rocha, J. Sidrim, D. Castelo-Branco
To characterize biofilm production by clinical (n=21) and environmental (n=11) isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and evaluate the production of proteases, hemolysins and siderophores. Initially, the 32 strains were evaluated for biofilm production in Müller-Hinton broth-1% glucose (MH-1% glucose) and BHI broth-1% glucose, using the crystal violet staining technique. Subsequently, growing (48 h) and mature (72 h) biofilms were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Finally, the production of proteases, hemolysins and siderophores by planktonic aggregates, growing biofilms and mature biofilms was evaluated. All isolates produced biofilms, but clinical isolates had significantly higher biomass in both MH-1% glucose (P<0.001) and BHI-glucose 1% (P=0.005). The structural analyses by confocal microscopy showed thick biofilms, composed of multiple layers of cells, homogeneously arranged, with mature biofilms of clinical isolates presenting higher biomass (P=0.019) and thickness of the entire area (P=0.029), and lower roughness coefficient (P=0.007) than those of environmental isolates. Protease production by growing biofilms was significantly greater than that of planktonic (P<0.001) and mature biofilms (P<0.001). Hemolysin release by planktonic aggregates was higher than that of biofilms (P<0.001). Regarding siderophores, mature biofilms presented higher production than growing biofilms (P<0.001) and planktonic aggregates (P<0.001). Clinical isolates have higher production of biofilms than their environmental counterparts; protease and siderophores seem important for growth and maintenance of Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms.
{"title":"Biofilm analyses and exoproduct release by clinical and environmental isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Brazil","authors":"G. Guedes, Crister J Ocadaque, A. Freitas, R. Pinheiro, G. Riello, S. Bandeira, R. Cordeiro, M. Rocha, J. Sidrim, D. Castelo-Branco","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.378565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.378565","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To characterize biofilm production by clinical (n=21) and environmental (n=11) isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and evaluate the production of proteases, hemolysins and siderophores.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Initially, the 32 strains were evaluated for biofilm production in Müller-Hinton broth-1% glucose (MH-1% glucose) and BHI broth-1% glucose, using the crystal violet staining technique. Subsequently, growing (48 h) and mature (72 h) biofilms were evaluated by confocal microscopy. Finally, the production of proteases, hemolysins and siderophores by planktonic aggregates, growing biofilms and mature biofilms was evaluated.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 All isolates produced biofilms, but clinical isolates had significantly higher biomass in both MH-1% glucose (P<0.001) and BHI-glucose 1% (P=0.005). The structural analyses by confocal microscopy showed thick biofilms, composed of multiple layers of cells, homogeneously arranged, with mature biofilms of clinical isolates presenting higher biomass (P=0.019) and thickness of the entire area (P=0.029), and lower roughness coefficient (P=0.007) than those of environmental isolates. Protease production by growing biofilms was significantly greater than that of planktonic (P<0.001) and mature biofilms (P<0.001). Hemolysin release by planktonic aggregates was higher than that of biofilms (P<0.001). Regarding siderophores, mature biofilms presented higher production than growing biofilms (P<0.001) and planktonic aggregates (P<0.001).\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Clinical isolates have higher production of biofilms than their environmental counterparts; protease and siderophores seem important for growth and maintenance of Burkholderia pseudomallei biofilms.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44067111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380727
Premkumar Ramasubramani, D. Govindan, Nandini Krishnan, T. Kadhiravan, S. Kar
{"title":"Protection against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during the second wave among individuals with pre-existing binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study from Puducherry, India","authors":"Premkumar Ramasubramani, D. Govindan, Nandini Krishnan, T. Kadhiravan, S. Kar","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380727","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41797856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380721
N. Yakut, Z. Ergenç, Sevgi Tuncay, Sezin Bayraktar, Elvan Sayin, A. İlki, E. Kepenekli
To describe clinical and epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and mortality-associated factors of healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) caused by Staphylococcus (S.) aureus in children. We conducted a retrospective, single-centre study of pediatric HCAIs caused by S. aureus from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey between February 2014 and December 2019. The clinical and epidemiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of the methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) isolates was evaluated. A total of 310 pediatric patients were examined. Overall, 225 (72.6%) isolates were MSSA and 85 (27.4%) were MRSA. All S. aureus isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, mupirocin, and daptomycin. Penicillin resistance rates were high (89.0%), while fosfomycin, gentamicin, and clindamycin resistance rates were low (1.3%, 1.0%, and 2.3%, respectively). Except susceptibility to fosfomycin, which was significantly lower in 2014 compared to 2018 and 2019, no significant difference was found in the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus isolates between the years. Baseline characteristics and mortality rate were similar comparing MRSA and MSSA causing HCAIs. The mortality rate of HCAIs caused by S. aureus was 6.5% (20 patients). Malignancy was an independent risk factor associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis (OR 5.446, 95% CI 1.573-18.849). Our findings demonstrate that MSSA remained the most causative agent of HCAIs caused by S. aureus. The mortality rate was 6.5%, the antibiotic resistance rate was quite high for penicillin and diagnosis of malignancy was the main risk factor for increasing mortality in children. These findings could help improve the management of HCAIs caused by S. aureus in children.
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