Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380723
Praneetha Nair, K. Koh, Christine Yvonne Bede, Lee Ai Ren Natasha, M.G.G.D.D.P. Mahanama, T. Kyaw, H. Soe, S. Moe, Kazi Majidur Rahaman, M. Htay
To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of vaccination. The validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February 2023. The participants were recruited by a convenient sampling method. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, and logistic regression by using SPSS (Version 27). Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software. A total of 524 participants' data were analyzed and 77.5% of them completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination. Breakthrough infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3% of the participants. Age group of 18 and 30 years (aOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.01-5.32) and other ethnicities (aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.02-3.93) significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections. A total of 35.5% of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects, lack of trust to the vaccine, less susceptibility to severe infection, belief in natural immunity, and myths. Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine, management and re-assurance of side effects, and targeted vaccination to the working (younger age group) and ethnic minorities.
{"title":"Postvaccination breakthrough COVID-19 infections among adults in Malaysia and attitudes towards future vaccination","authors":"Praneetha Nair, K. Koh, Christine Yvonne Bede, Lee Ai Ren Natasha, M.G.G.D.D.P. Mahanama, T. Kyaw, H. Soe, S. Moe, Kazi Majidur Rahaman, M. Htay","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380723","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To determine the frequency and severity of the breakthrough infections and the associated factors in Malaysia.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This cross-sectional study was conducted among the adult general population in Malaysia who completed at least one dose of vaccination. The validated online questionnaires were used for data collection between December 2022 to February 2023. The participants were recruited by a convenient sampling method. The data were analysed by descriptive statistics, and logistic regression by using SPSS (Version 27). Qualitative data from open-ended questions were analysed as thematic analysis by using RQDA software.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A total of 524 participants' data were analyzed and 77.5% of them completed three doses of COVID-19 vaccination. Breakthrough infections after vaccination were reported in 57.3% of the participants. Age group of 18 and 30 years (aOR 2.32, 95% CI 1.01-5.32) and other ethnicities (aOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.02-3.93) significantly associated with the occurrence of breakthrough infections. A total of 35.5% of the participants were not willing to take another booster dose in the future because of their attitudes towards fear of long-term side effects, lack of trust to the vaccine, less susceptibility to severe infection, belief in natural immunity, and myths.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Future public health policies and interventions should be focused on disseminating the information about safety of booster doses of vaccine, management and re-assurance of side effects, and targeted vaccination to the working (younger age group) and ethnic minorities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46256954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380729
Aashna Sinha, Vaishali Yadav, Atreyi Pramanik, D. Dayal, K. Chaubey, Susheel Kumar
Lymphatic filariasis (LF), an asymptomatic, acute, and chronic condition in human beings, is the second most common vector-borne disease after malaria. According to the World Health Organization, there are 120 million LF cases detected in 81 tropical and subtropical countries, and one billion people are at risk. Therefore, the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000, with the primary objective of stopping LF transmission among all at-risk groups using mass drug administration (MDA), managing morbidities, and preventing LF-related impairments using a minimum treatment package. Additionally, other programs such as epidemiological assessment including National Filaria Control Program and World Health Organization recommended routine and pre-MDA microfilaremia surveys also implemented to stop the LF transmission. The routine filaria surveys were also carried out in around 2 000-4 000 individuals/month throughout the year whereas pre-MDA surveys were also conducted every year in approximately 4 000 individuals in four fixed and four random sites. Furthermore, the Transmission Assessment Survey was also conducted to check the risk of LF among primary school children. Moreover, potential diagnostic methods, systematic surveillance regimes, the Direct Network Report system, and regular trainings and awareness may be also effective in preventing the recurrence of LF. Hence, this review emphasizes the potential advocacy tools and various strategies as well as procedures for monitoring, which could be impactful in eliminating LF.
{"title":"Eradication of Lymphatic Filariasis: Where we stand so far?","authors":"Aashna Sinha, Vaishali Yadav, Atreyi Pramanik, D. Dayal, K. Chaubey, Susheel Kumar","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380729","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphatic filariasis (LF), an asymptomatic, acute, and chronic condition in human beings, is the second most common vector-borne disease after malaria. According to the World Health Organization, there are 120 million LF cases detected in 81 tropical and subtropical countries, and one billion people are at risk. Therefore, the Global Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000, with the primary objective of stopping LF transmission among all at-risk groups using mass drug administration (MDA), managing morbidities, and preventing LF-related impairments using a minimum treatment package. Additionally, other programs such as epidemiological assessment including National Filaria Control Program and World Health Organization recommended routine and pre-MDA microfilaremia surveys also implemented to stop the LF transmission. The routine filaria surveys were also carried out in around 2 000-4 000 individuals/month throughout the year whereas pre-MDA surveys were also conducted every year in approximately 4 000 individuals in four fixed and four random sites. Furthermore, the Transmission Assessment Survey was also conducted to check the risk of LF among primary school children. Moreover, potential diagnostic methods, systematic surveillance regimes, the Direct Network Report system, and regular trainings and awareness may be also effective in preventing the recurrence of LF. Hence, this review emphasizes the potential advocacy tools and various strategies as well as procedures for monitoring, which could be impactful in eliminating LF.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49170859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.380720
Abeynayake Ji, Chathuranga Gp, Fernando May, Sahoo Mk
To surveill emerging variants by nanopore technology-based genome sequencing in different COVID-19 waves in Sri Lanka and to examine the association with the sample characteristics, and vaccination status. The study analyzed 207 RNA positive swab samples received to sequence laboratory during different waves. The N gene cut-off threshold of less than 30 was considered as the major inclusion criteria. Viral RNA was extracted, and elutes were subjected to nanopore sequencing. All the sequencing data were uploaded in the publicly accessible database, GISAID. The Omicron, Delta and Alpha variants accounted for 58%, 22% and 4% of the variants throughout the period. Less than 1% were Kappa variant and 16% of the study samples remained unassigned. Omicron variant was circulated among all age groups and in all the provinces. Ct value and variants assigned percentage was 100% in Ct values of 10-15 while only 45% assigned Ct value over 25. The present study examined the emergence, prevalence, and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants locally and has shown that nanopore technology-based genome sequencing enables whole genome sequencing in a low resource setting country.
{"title":"Surveillance of emerging SARS CoV 2 Variants by nanopore technology-based genome sequencing","authors":"Abeynayake Ji, Chathuranga Gp, Fernando May, Sahoo Mk","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.380720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.380720","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To surveill emerging variants by nanopore technology-based genome sequencing in different COVID-19 waves in Sri Lanka and to examine the association with the sample characteristics, and vaccination status.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The study analyzed 207 RNA positive swab samples received to sequence laboratory during different waves. The N gene cut-off threshold of less than 30 was considered as the major inclusion criteria. Viral RNA was extracted, and elutes were subjected to nanopore sequencing. All the sequencing data were uploaded in the publicly accessible database, GISAID.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The Omicron, Delta and Alpha variants accounted for 58%, 22% and 4% of the variants throughout the period. Less than 1% were Kappa variant and 16% of the study samples remained unassigned. Omicron variant was circulated among all age groups and in all the provinces. Ct value and variants assigned percentage was 100% in Ct values of 10-15 while only 45% assigned Ct value over 25.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The present study examined the emergence, prevalence, and distribution of SARS-CoV-2 variants locally and has shown that nanopore technology-based genome sequencing enables whole genome sequencing in a low resource setting country.\u0000","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42595525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.378563
N. Esmaeilzadeh, S. Hoseini, Majid Nejad-Bajestani, Mohammad-Taghy Shakeri, Z. Mood, H. Hoseinzadeh, Mohammad Hasan Derakhshan Dooghaee
Objective: To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Methods: In order to determine the baseline number of deaths, we used univariate time series analyses for monthly data from the monthly vital statistics reports (From April 2015 to March 2022). For excess mortalities, these baselines were subtracted from reported deaths with a 95% prediction interval. To compare time and causes, a P-score was calculated. Results: From March 2020 to March 2022, there were 61949 registered deaths, and the estimated deaths with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were 43246.16 (35718.28, 50774.05). So, in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, the death counts were 35.15% and 51.33% higher than projected. A total of 18666 cardiovascular diseases were reported and a total of 15704.46 (12006.95, 19401.96) was estimated. The P-score for this duration was 14.49% and 23.23% higher than expected. Infectious and parasitic diseases plus COVID-19 were 16633 and estimated to be 1044.87 (456.77, 1632.96). A total of 4420 diseases of the respiratory system were reported, and 4564.94 deaths were predicted (2277.43, 6852.43). In the first year of the pandemic, the P-score dropped to -35.28% and in the second year, it jumped sharply to 22.38%. Conclusions: Excess mortality, along with cause-specific mortality, can be helpful for monitoring trends and developing public health policies at the local, national, and international levels.
{"title":"Excess mortality in Northeast Iran caused by COVID-19: Neglect of offset community transformations of health","authors":"N. Esmaeilzadeh, S. Hoseini, Majid Nejad-Bajestani, Mohammad-Taghy Shakeri, Z. Mood, H. Hoseinzadeh, Mohammad Hasan Derakhshan Dooghaee","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.378563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.378563","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province, Iran. Methods: In order to determine the baseline number of deaths, we used univariate time series analyses for monthly data from the monthly vital statistics reports (From April 2015 to March 2022). For excess mortalities, these baselines were subtracted from reported deaths with a 95% prediction interval. To compare time and causes, a P-score was calculated. Results: From March 2020 to March 2022, there were 61949 registered deaths, and the estimated deaths with a 95% confidence interval (CI) were 43246.16 (35718.28, 50774.05). So, in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022, the death counts were 35.15% and 51.33% higher than projected. A total of 18666 cardiovascular diseases were reported and a total of 15704.46 (12006.95, 19401.96) was estimated. The P-score for this duration was 14.49% and 23.23% higher than expected. Infectious and parasitic diseases plus COVID-19 were 16633 and estimated to be 1044.87 (456.77, 1632.96). A total of 4420 diseases of the respiratory system were reported, and 4564.94 deaths were predicted (2277.43, 6852.43). In the first year of the pandemic, the P-score dropped to -35.28% and in the second year, it jumped sharply to 22.38%. Conclusions: Excess mortality, along with cause-specific mortality, can be helpful for monitoring trends and developing public health policies at the local, national, and international levels.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41647865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.379132
Tingchan Liang, H. Tan, Y. Qi
{"title":"One Health practice in Hainan, China","authors":"Tingchan Liang, H. Tan, Y. Qi","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.379132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.379132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43488751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.378567
Jeyapraniya Arumugam, S. Silva
Rationale: Disseminated tuberculosis involves the central nervous system in up to a third of cases. However, meningitis and spondylodiscitis due to miliary tuberculosis rarely occur together, particularly in the immuno-competent population. Patient concerns: A 37-year-old immunocompetent male presented with altered level of consciousness for one week and lower back pain with evening pyrexia for one month. Examination revealed spastic paraplegia and left hemiparesis. Diagnosis: Disseminated tuberculosis presenting with meningitis and spondylodiscitis. Interventions: Category I anti-tuberculous therapy with a tapering regimen of intravenous dexamethasone was administered. Outcomes: There was clinical improvement after nine months of treatment. Lessons: Tuberculosis may present with atypical clinical manifestations. Contrast enhanced computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging combined with histopathological features, a high index of suspicion and clinical improvement with anti-tuberculous treatment can confirm the diagnosis in the absence of microbiological evidence, especially in extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
{"title":"Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as meningitis and spondylodiscitis in an immunocompetent adult","authors":"Jeyapraniya Arumugam, S. Silva","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.378567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.378567","url":null,"abstract":"Rationale: Disseminated tuberculosis involves the central nervous system in up to a third of cases. However, meningitis and spondylodiscitis due to miliary tuberculosis rarely occur together, particularly in the immuno-competent population. Patient concerns: A 37-year-old immunocompetent male presented with altered level of consciousness for one week and lower back pain with evening pyrexia for one month. Examination revealed spastic paraplegia and left hemiparesis. Diagnosis: Disseminated tuberculosis presenting with meningitis and spondylodiscitis. Interventions: Category I anti-tuberculous therapy with a tapering regimen of intravenous dexamethasone was administered. Outcomes: There was clinical improvement after nine months of treatment. Lessons: Tuberculosis may present with atypical clinical manifestations. Contrast enhanced computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging combined with histopathological features, a high index of suspicion and clinical improvement with anti-tuberculous treatment can confirm the diagnosis in the absence of microbiological evidence, especially in extrapulmonary tuberculosis.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41497329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.378568
Yutong Ji, Ziyun Zhuang, Zicheng Liao
{"title":"Association between the extent of public health measures and other respiratory infectious diseases cases amidst the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand","authors":"Yutong Ji, Ziyun Zhuang, Zicheng Liao","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.378568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.378568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.377759
Aysun Yahši, G. Bayhan, T. Erat, A. Güney, Seval Özen, Kübra Konca, Belgin Gülhan, S. Yüksek, A. Parlakay
Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological features and outcome of Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. infections in children, together with antimicrobial susceptibilities. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Turkey. All patients infected with Chryseobacterium/Elizabethkingia spp. among those presenting to Ankara City Hospital between March 2014 and March 2022 were included. Results: A total of 49 cases were included and 29 cases were identified as Elizabethkingia. The median age was 14 (0.2-185.0) months. The majority (89.8%) of these patients had an underlying disease, including malignancy (42.9%). Bacteremia (46.9%) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (28.6%) were the most common infections. The thirty-day all-cause mortality rate was 12.2%. The most commonly used antibiotics were ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Forty-five (91.8%) isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 44 (91.6%) to TMP-SMX, and 21 (87.5%) to levofloxacin. Conclusions: Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. are emergent, nosocomial pathogens and the majority of cases were older than the neonatal period. They were mainly seen in patients with long hospital stays, indwelling devices, and those who have received antibiotics within the last month, especially carbapenems. In addition, they were associated with bloodstream infection and malignancy. The most commonly useful antibiotics according to the resistance patterns were ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX.
{"title":"Chryseobacterium/Elizabethkingia species infections in children","authors":"Aysun Yahši, G. Bayhan, T. Erat, A. Güney, Seval Özen, Kübra Konca, Belgin Gülhan, S. Yüksek, A. Parlakay","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.377759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.377759","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological features and outcome of Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. infections in children, together with antimicrobial susceptibilities. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital in Turkey. All patients infected with Chryseobacterium/Elizabethkingia spp. among those presenting to Ankara City Hospital between March 2014 and March 2022 were included. Results: A total of 49 cases were included and 29 cases were identified as Elizabethkingia. The median age was 14 (0.2-185.0) months. The majority (89.8%) of these patients had an underlying disease, including malignancy (42.9%). Bacteremia (46.9%) and central line-associated bloodstream infection (28.6%) were the most common infections. The thirty-day all-cause mortality rate was 12.2%. The most commonly used antibiotics were ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Forty-five (91.8%) isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, 44 (91.6%) to TMP-SMX, and 21 (87.5%) to levofloxacin. Conclusions: Chryseobacterium and Elizabethkingia spp. are emergent, nosocomial pathogens and the majority of cases were older than the neonatal period. They were mainly seen in patients with long hospital stays, indwelling devices, and those who have received antibiotics within the last month, especially carbapenems. In addition, they were associated with bloodstream infection and malignancy. The most commonly useful antibiotics according to the resistance patterns were ciprofloxacin and TMP-SMX.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47522600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.378564
U. Pehlivan, K. Karaali, H. İlhan, M. Soy, D. Arslan, O. Kaya, R. Kışla-Ekinci, Burcak Cakir-Pekoz, U. Cay, A. Açıkalın, A. Ağıldere
Objective: To evaluate the radiological features of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in the head and neck region. Methods: In this radiology-based study, radiological features, clinical, laboratory, pathological findings, and prognosis of nine patients with head and neck involvement diagnosed with IgG4-RD were investigated retrospectively. Results: The median age of the patients was 38 years (range: 2.5-79 years), and there were six males and three females. The most common symptoms and clinical findings of the patients were eyelid and lacrimal gland swelling, painless exophthalmos, and ophthalmoplegia. The most common site of involvement on MRI was the orbit. Orbital involvement was followed by branches of the trigeminal nerve, sinonasal cavity, cervical lymph nodes, and dural involvement. The most common and remarkable imaging features were T2 hypointensity and diffuse homogeneous contrast enhancement. Conclusions: Head and neck involvement of the IgG4-RD, has specific imaging features that can help with diagnosis. Thus, early diagnosis and better outcomes can be achieved with increasing awareness of these features of this relatively new pathology.
{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of head and neck involvement in IgG4-related disease","authors":"U. Pehlivan, K. Karaali, H. İlhan, M. Soy, D. Arslan, O. Kaya, R. Kışla-Ekinci, Burcak Cakir-Pekoz, U. Cay, A. Açıkalın, A. Ağıldere","doi":"10.4103/1995-7645.378564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1995-7645.378564","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the radiological features of IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) in the head and neck region. Methods: In this radiology-based study, radiological features, clinical, laboratory, pathological findings, and prognosis of nine patients with head and neck involvement diagnosed with IgG4-RD were investigated retrospectively. Results: The median age of the patients was 38 years (range: 2.5-79 years), and there were six males and three females. The most common symptoms and clinical findings of the patients were eyelid and lacrimal gland swelling, painless exophthalmos, and ophthalmoplegia. The most common site of involvement on MRI was the orbit. Orbital involvement was followed by branches of the trigeminal nerve, sinonasal cavity, cervical lymph nodes, and dural involvement. The most common and remarkable imaging features were T2 hypointensity and diffuse homogeneous contrast enhancement. Conclusions: Head and neck involvement of the IgG4-RD, has specific imaging features that can help with diagnosis. Thus, early diagnosis and better outcomes can be achieved with increasing awareness of these features of this relatively new pathology.","PeriodicalId":8559,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43169196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.4103/1995-7645.378562
B. Mete, Tarik Salcan, H. Demirhindi
Objective: To investigate the perception of antibiotics, the frequency of inappropriate antibiotic use, and the factors that lead to inappropriate antibiotic use by parents who apply to primary healthcare organizations. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 973 parents who applied to primary healthcare centers. We analyzed basic concepts related to antibiotics prescribed for their children, antibiotic administration, and antibiotic resistance, as well as parents′ knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic use, and their experiences, practices, and perceptions related to purchasing antibiotics without prescription. Results: In the past one year, 78.9% of the parents gave antibiotics to their children at least once, and 39.1% gave antibiotics three or more times. Some of the participants (7.1%) reported having forced the physician to prescribe antibiotics and purchased antibiotics without a prescription (13.2%). The knowledge about antibiotics and awareness about antibiotic resistance were found to be more frequent; among parents who had university degrees, higher income levels, two or fewer children, social insurance and negative behaviours were lower in those who received information about antibiotics from healthcare professionals. The probability of taking antibiotics without prescription was lower in that of with higher income level (OR 0.460; 95% CI 0.219-0.965), and the probability of forcing antibiotic prescription was higher in those with 3 or more children (OR 6.94; 95% CI 2.37-20.26). The score obtained from the awareness of antibiotic resistance sub-dimension was found to negatively affect the behavior of forcing antibiotic prescription (OR 0.852; 95% CI 0.732-0.993) but the score obtained from the behaviour sub-dimension was positively affect this behaviour (OR 1.136; 95% CI 1.011-1.276). Conclusions: Inappropriate antibiotic use appears to be a problem with negative perception, lack of knowledge and socioeconomic dimension. Studies should be conducted to increase antibiotic knowledge in parents and to expand the scope of social insurance.
目的:了解到基层卫生保健机构就诊的家长对抗菌药物的认知情况、抗菌药物不正当使用频次及导致抗菌药物不正当使用的因素。方法:本横断面研究纳入973名申请初级保健中心的家长。我们分析了他们的孩子对抗生素处方、抗生素给药和抗生素耐药性的基本概念，以及父母对抗生素使用的知识和态度，以及他们在没有处方的情况下购买抗生素的经历、做法和看法。结果:近一年来78.9%的家长至少给孩子服用过一次抗生素，39.1%的家长给孩子服用过3次及以上抗生素。一些参与者(7.1%)报告曾强迫医生开抗生素，并在没有处方的情况下购买抗生素(13.2%)。抗菌药物知识和耐药性意识的知晓率较高;在拥有大学学历、较高收入水平、两个或更少孩子、社会保险和不良行为的父母中，从医疗保健专业人员那里获得抗生素信息的父母的不良行为较少。收入水平越高，无处方服用抗生素的概率越低(OR 0.460;95% CI 0.219-0.965)，有3个及以上儿童的患者强制使用抗生素的概率更高(or 6.94;95% ci 2.37-20.26)。抗生素耐药意识子维度得分对强制处方行为有负向影响(OR 0.852;95% CI 0.732-0.993)，但从行为子维度获得的分数正影响该行为(OR 1.136;95% ci 1.011-1.276)。结论:抗生素使用不当似乎是一个负面认知、缺乏知识和社会经济层面的问题。应开展研究，提高家长对抗生素的认识，扩大社会保险的范围。
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