Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.380982
Y. Amin
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may have harmful effects on expectant moms, labor, and newborns born to infected mothers. There is a risk of the initiation of pregnancy with infection. Even if the gametes are non-infected, pregnancies could be exposed later for infection by coronavirus. Investigations of COVID-19 during pregnancy highlighted the non-transmission or surprising transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to the offspring. However, other studies have exhibited the potential mother-to-fetus transmission. In this way, unanswered concerns about SARS-CoV-2 fetal transmission and the particular interface(s) controlling its pathogenesis throughout pregnancy persist. This review focuses on the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on vertical transmission, as well as the influence of the virus on pregnancy and placenta.
{"title":"Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy outcome: An overview","authors":"Y. Amin","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.380982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.380982","url":null,"abstract":"Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may have harmful effects on expectant moms, labor, and newborns born to infected mothers. There is a risk of the initiation of pregnancy with infection. Even if the gametes are non-infected, pregnancies could be exposed later for infection by coronavirus. Investigations of COVID-19 during pregnancy highlighted the non-transmission or surprising transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to the offspring. However, other studies have exhibited the potential mother-to-fetus transmission. In this way, unanswered concerns about SARS-CoV-2 fetal transmission and the particular interface(s) controlling its pathogenesis throughout pregnancy persist. This review focuses on the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 on vertical transmission, as well as the influence of the virus on pregnancy and placenta.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"12 1","pages":"155 - 161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44221247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.380985
Wankeu-Nya Modeste, Inès Kengne, Benjamin Ateba, Fort Bend, Ornela Djeumeni, Dominique Hatho, E. Ngadjui, P. Moundipa, D. Massoma, A. Dongmo, Watcho Pierre
Objective: To evaluate the effects of three oxidized palm oil diets (OPD) on female rat reproductive function. Methods: Forty-four female Wistar rats presenting five consecutive and regular estrous cycles were divided into 4 groups. The rats were fed with: a standard diet, 70% of standard diet+30% oxidized palm oil diet (OPD1), OPD1+5 g of boiled yolk egg (OPD2) and OPD1+10% sucrose (OPD3) for 125 days, respectively. During the feeding period, morphometric, estrous cycle, sexual behavior, gestation, biochemical and histomorphometric parameters were evaluated. Results: All OPDs significantly increased abdominal circumference, body mass index and Lee index coupled to an irregularity and lengthening of the estrous cycle. They significantly decreased appetite and consumption behaviours, quantic pregnancy index, fertility rate, implantation sites and index, serum progesterone and high-density lipoprotein levels, increased pre-implantation losses, anti-implantation activities, serum estradiol, triglycerides, total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and impaired brain and ovaries oxidative status. Histomorphometric examinations revealed increases in the number of atresic and primary follicles and decreases in secondary, tertiary, Degraaf, total and corpus luteum follicles in ovaries coupled to a neurodegeneration of hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular neurons in the OPD groups compared to the standard diet group. Conclusions: The three OPDs induce obesity and impair the female reproductive function, especially OPD2 and OPD3. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the adverse effects of palm oil bleaching on the reproductive function in female rats, which could be useful in the management of women with obesity-related sexual dysfunction.
{"title":"Oxidized palm oil impairs reproductive functions and architectures in female rats","authors":"Wankeu-Nya Modeste, Inès Kengne, Benjamin Ateba, Fort Bend, Ornela Djeumeni, Dominique Hatho, E. Ngadjui, P. Moundipa, D. Massoma, A. Dongmo, Watcho Pierre","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.380985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.380985","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the effects of three oxidized palm oil diets (OPD) on female rat reproductive function. Methods: Forty-four female Wistar rats presenting five consecutive and regular estrous cycles were divided into 4 groups. The rats were fed with: a standard diet, 70% of standard diet+30% oxidized palm oil diet (OPD1), OPD1+5 g of boiled yolk egg (OPD2) and OPD1+10% sucrose (OPD3) for 125 days, respectively. During the feeding period, morphometric, estrous cycle, sexual behavior, gestation, biochemical and histomorphometric parameters were evaluated. Results: All OPDs significantly increased abdominal circumference, body mass index and Lee index coupled to an irregularity and lengthening of the estrous cycle. They significantly decreased appetite and consumption behaviours, quantic pregnancy index, fertility rate, implantation sites and index, serum progesterone and high-density lipoprotein levels, increased pre-implantation losses, anti-implantation activities, serum estradiol, triglycerides, total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels, and impaired brain and ovaries oxidative status. Histomorphometric examinations revealed increases in the number of atresic and primary follicles and decreases in secondary, tertiary, Degraaf, total and corpus luteum follicles in ovaries coupled to a neurodegeneration of hypothalamic anteroventral periventricular neurons in the OPD groups compared to the standard diet group. Conclusions: The three OPDs induce obesity and impair the female reproductive function, especially OPD2 and OPD3. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the adverse effects of palm oil bleaching on the reproductive function in female rats, which could be useful in the management of women with obesity-related sexual dysfunction.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"12 1","pages":"182 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42524070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.372377
Agrawal Karuna, Shahani Lata, B. Pradeep
Objective: To investigate the protective role of pumpkin seed ethanolic extract against escitalopram-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Methods: Swiss albino male mice were randomly divided into five groups with six mice in each group. Group I received normal water orally, Group II, III, IV and V received escitalopram oxalate (10 mg/kg), pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) plus escitalopram oxalate (10 mg/kg), escitalopram oxalate (20 mg/kg), and pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) plus escitalopram oxalate (20 mg/kg), respectively. All test doses were continuously administered orally once daily per animal body weight for 30 days and 60 days. Body weight and sexual organ weight were evaluated on day 31 and 61. Effects of pumpkin seed extract on sperm parameters, biochemical parameters and histology of testis were also investigated. Results: Escitalopram 10 or 20 mg/kg caused reproductive toxicity in male mice after 30 and 60 days of treatment. However, simultaneous administration of escitalopram oxalate (10 or 20 mg/kg) with pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) attenuated escitalopram-induced testicular toxicity. Significant increase in the body weight and relative organ weight was observed. Sperm count, sperm motility and viability significantly increased (P<0.05). The histopathological alterations caused by escitalopram was also ameliorated. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of pumpkin seeds (300 mg/kg body weight) protects again reproductive toxicity induced by escitalopram. Therefore, dietary intake of pumpkin seed extract might be useful for male patients who expose to antidepressant drug due to depression.
{"title":"Pumpkin seed ethanolic extract protects against escitalopram-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice","authors":"Agrawal Karuna, Shahani Lata, B. Pradeep","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.372377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.372377","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the protective role of pumpkin seed ethanolic extract against escitalopram-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice. Methods: Swiss albino male mice were randomly divided into five groups with six mice in each group. Group I received normal water orally, Group II, III, IV and V received escitalopram oxalate (10 mg/kg), pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) plus escitalopram oxalate (10 mg/kg), escitalopram oxalate (20 mg/kg), and pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) plus escitalopram oxalate (20 mg/kg), respectively. All test doses were continuously administered orally once daily per animal body weight for 30 days and 60 days. Body weight and sexual organ weight were evaluated on day 31 and 61. Effects of pumpkin seed extract on sperm parameters, biochemical parameters and histology of testis were also investigated. Results: Escitalopram 10 or 20 mg/kg caused reproductive toxicity in male mice after 30 and 60 days of treatment. However, simultaneous administration of escitalopram oxalate (10 or 20 mg/kg) with pumpkin seed extract (300 mg/kg) attenuated escitalopram-induced testicular toxicity. Significant increase in the body weight and relative organ weight was observed. Sperm count, sperm motility and viability significantly increased (P<0.05). The histopathological alterations caused by escitalopram was also ameliorated. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of pumpkin seeds (300 mg/kg body weight) protects again reproductive toxicity induced by escitalopram. Therefore, dietary intake of pumpkin seed extract might be useful for male patients who expose to antidepressant drug due to depression.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"12 1","pages":"71 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46621226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.372376
N. Ghasemi, Maryam Shirmohamadi, M. Mashayekhy, Iraj Alipourfard, Javad Fazeli
Objective: To elucidate the possible role of unfractionated heparin in patients with failed repeated in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and thrombophilia. Methods: This case control study evaluated the efficacy of the unfractionated heparin in increasing the pregnancy and implantation ratio in women with recurrent IVF-ET failures. Eighty-six women received in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) with a record of three or more previous IVF-ET failures. Participants were randomly distributed into two groups. Group A (n=43) received unfractionated heparin 5 000 IU twice daily, and group B (n=43) did not take any antithrombotic drugs. Coagulation abnormalities such as factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, methylene tetra hydro folate reductase (MTHFR) mutation and prothrombin mutation (FII) were evaluated. Age, body mass index, basal follicular stimulating hormone, basal estradiol, duration of infertility, and number of IVF-ET failures were compared between two groups. Results: 45.0% and 17.4% of women were pregnant with and without MTHFR and prothrombin mutation, respectively, when they received unfractionated heparin treatment. The implantation rate was more in group A (12.5%) than group B (4.3%) and differences in the fertilization rate of the two groups were observed (27.7% vs. 35.9%). The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was remarkably more in group A (30.2%) than group B (14.0%). Conclusions: Heparin is a safe and valuable treatment for patients with repeated IVF-ET failures. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rates are higher in the heparin-treated group in contrast with the control group. Trial registration: The trial registration was done with clinical registration number of “ IRCT138807202575N1”.
目的:探讨未分离肝素在体外受精和胚胎移植(IVF-ET)失败及血栓形成患者中的作用。方法:本病例对照研究评价未分级肝素对提高IVF-ET复发失败妇女妊娠和着床率的疗效。86名接受体外受精/胞浆内单精子注射(IVF/ICSI)的妇女有3次或3次以上IVF- et失败的记录。参与者被随机分为两组。A组(n=43)每日2次给予未分离肝素5 000 IU, B组(n=43)未服用任何抗血栓药物。评估凝血异常，如V - Leiden因子(FVL)突变、亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)突变和凝血酶原突变(FII)。比较两组患者的年龄、体重指数、基础卵泡刺激素、基础雌二醇、不孕持续时间和IVF-ET失败次数。结果:接受肝素单次治疗时，MTHFR和凝血酶原突变的孕妇分别占45.0%和17.4%。A组着床率(12.5%)高于B组(4.3%)，两组受精率差异(27.7% vs. 35.9%)。A组临床单周期妊娠率(30.2%)明显高于B组(14.0%)。结论:肝素对于反复IVF-ET失败患者是一种安全且有价值的治疗方法。肝素治疗组临床妊娠和着床率均高于对照组。试验注册:临床注册号为“IRCT138807202575N1”。
{"title":"Effect of heparin on recurrent IVF-ET failure patients","authors":"N. Ghasemi, Maryam Shirmohamadi, M. Mashayekhy, Iraj Alipourfard, Javad Fazeli","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.372376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.372376","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To elucidate the possible role of unfractionated heparin in patients with failed repeated in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) and thrombophilia. Methods: This case control study evaluated the efficacy of the unfractionated heparin in increasing the pregnancy and implantation ratio in women with recurrent IVF-ET failures. Eighty-six women received in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) with a record of three or more previous IVF-ET failures. Participants were randomly distributed into two groups. Group A (n=43) received unfractionated heparin 5 000 IU twice daily, and group B (n=43) did not take any antithrombotic drugs. Coagulation abnormalities such as factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation, methylene tetra hydro folate reductase (MTHFR) mutation and prothrombin mutation (FII) were evaluated. Age, body mass index, basal follicular stimulating hormone, basal estradiol, duration of infertility, and number of IVF-ET failures were compared between two groups. Results: 45.0% and 17.4% of women were pregnant with and without MTHFR and prothrombin mutation, respectively, when they received unfractionated heparin treatment. The implantation rate was more in group A (12.5%) than group B (4.3%) and differences in the fertilization rate of the two groups were observed (27.7% vs. 35.9%). The clinical pregnancy rate per cycle was remarkably more in group A (30.2%) than group B (14.0%). Conclusions: Heparin is a safe and valuable treatment for patients with repeated IVF-ET failures. The clinical pregnancy and implantation rates are higher in the heparin-treated group in contrast with the control group. Trial registration: The trial registration was done with clinical registration number of “ IRCT138807202575N1”.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"12 1","pages":"64 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45082107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.372379
O. Olaniyan, A. Dare, C. Adetunji, G. Okotie, Joseph Dare, Bosun Adigun, Femi Adebayo
Objective: To investigate the protective effect of vitamin E in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary in rats. Methods: Premature female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups, with 7 rats in each group. Group I received corn oil (vehicle) and served as the control group; group II received 0.2 mL of 0.06 mg/g DHEA in corn oil; group III received 200 mg/kg vitamin E; group IV received DHEA plus vitamin E. All treatments lasted for 15 days, with DHEA administered subcutaneously, while vitamin E and corn oil were administered orally. After the experiment, serum samples and ovaries were harvested for biochemical, immunohistochemical, hormonal, and histological analysis. The ovarian mRNA expression of androgen receptor was analyzed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activity significantly decreased in the DHEA-treated rats compared to the control rats (P<0.05). Administration of vitamin E to DHEA-treated rats significantly decreased cytokines and malondialdehyde compared to the DHEA-treated rats. The histological analysis showed reduced atretic and cystic ovaries, increased E-cadherin and Bcl-2 expression, and reduced expression of Bax in the DHEA-treated rats co-treated with vitamin E. The mRNA expression of androgen receptor was upregulated in the DHEA-treated rats compared to the control rats. Conclusions: Vitamin E ameliorates the hyperandrogenic effect of DHEA-induced polycystic ovaries via metabolic, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic pathways.
{"title":"Vitamin E modulates androgen receptor gene expression to attenuate ovarian dysfunctions in a rat model of dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovary","authors":"O. Olaniyan, A. Dare, C. Adetunji, G. Okotie, Joseph Dare, Bosun Adigun, Femi Adebayo","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.372379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.372379","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To investigate the protective effect of vitamin E in dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced polycystic ovary in rats. Methods: Premature female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups, with 7 rats in each group. Group I received corn oil (vehicle) and served as the control group; group II received 0.2 mL of 0.06 mg/g DHEA in corn oil; group III received 200 mg/kg vitamin E; group IV received DHEA plus vitamin E. All treatments lasted for 15 days, with DHEA administered subcutaneously, while vitamin E and corn oil were administered orally. After the experiment, serum samples and ovaries were harvested for biochemical, immunohistochemical, hormonal, and histological analysis. The ovarian mRNA expression of androgen receptor was analyzed by reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results: The antioxidant and metabolic enzyme activity significantly decreased in the DHEA-treated rats compared to the control rats (P<0.05). Administration of vitamin E to DHEA-treated rats significantly decreased cytokines and malondialdehyde compared to the DHEA-treated rats. The histological analysis showed reduced atretic and cystic ovaries, increased E-cadherin and Bcl-2 expression, and reduced expression of Bax in the DHEA-treated rats co-treated with vitamin E. The mRNA expression of androgen receptor was upregulated in the DHEA-treated rats compared to the control rats. Conclusions: Vitamin E ameliorates the hyperandrogenic effect of DHEA-induced polycystic ovaries via metabolic, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic pathways.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"47 64","pages":"81 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41315019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.372374
J. Sharma, N. Joshi, Y. Jain, Kuldeep Singh, P. Bhardwaj
Objective: To assess the utilization of reproductive health services in urban slum of Jodhpur city, India. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slums of Jodhpur city amongst 300 married women of reproductive age between March and June 2021. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and information about utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services, delivery and post-partum services. Results: The majority of females were aged less than 25 years (n=195; 65.0%), married after 18 years (n=240; 80%), living in extended families (n=265; 88.3%) and with monthly family income less than 10000 rupees (n=182; 60.7%). Statistically significant associations were found between ≥4 ANC visits and educational level of secondary and above (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.03-6.28; P=0.04), older age (OR 15.70, 95% CI 14.87–16.54 for women aged 26–35 years, OR 16.14, 95% CI 12.12–20.01 for women aged ≥36 years; P<0.01), and backward and general castes (OR 15.91, 95% CI 13.57–17.85 for backward caste and OR 8.11, 95% CI 8.07–8.26 for general category of caste; P<0.01). Seven percent of females had undergone parturition. Older age was associated with higher risks of postpartum complications (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.57 for women aged 26-35 years, OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.29–4.69 for women aged ≥36 years; P<0.01). In addition, risks of postpartum complications were associated with backward and general castes (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.34–2.13 for backward classes and OR 5.01, 95% CI 4.29–5.31 for general category castes; P<0.01), and more than 4 ANC visits (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.34; P<0.01). Conclusions: More frequent ANC visits are associated with a lower risk of postpartum complications. Furthermore, a high utilization of reproductive health services represents good implementation of reproductive and child health programme at the peripheral level resulting in a stark rise in maternal health indicators in the state of Rajasthan.
目的:了解印度焦特布尔市城市贫民窟生殖健康服务的利用情况。方法:在2021年3月至6月期间，在焦特布尔市的一个城市贫民窟对300名已婚育龄妇女进行了基于社区的横断面研究。采用半结构化问卷收集有关产前保健服务、分娩和产后服务利用情况的人口统计数据和信息。结果:大多数女性患者年龄小于25岁(n=195;65.0%)， 18年后结婚(n=240;80%)，生活在大家庭中(n=265;88.3%)，家庭月收入低于10000卢比(n=182;60.7%)。≥4次ANC访问与中等及以上教育程度之间存在统计学意义的关联(OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.03-6.28;P=0.04)，年龄较大(26-35岁女性OR为15.70,95% CI为14.87-16.54，≥36岁女性OR为16.14,95% CI为12.12-20.01;P<0.01)，落后种姓和一般种姓(落后种姓的OR为15.91,95% CI为13.57 ~ 17.85，一般种姓的OR为8.11,95% CI为8.07 ~ 8.26;P < 0.01)。7%的女性经历了分娩。年龄较大与产后并发症的高风险相关(26-35岁女性OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01-1.57, 36岁以上女性OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.29-4.69;P < 0.01)。此外，产后并发症的风险与落后和一般种姓相关(落后种姓OR为1.69,95% CI为1.34-2.13;一般种姓OR为5.01,95% CI为4.29-5.31;P<0.01)，超过4次ANC就诊(OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.34;P < 0.01)。结论:更频繁的产前检查与较低的产后并发症风险相关。此外，生殖健康服务的高使用率表明生殖和儿童健康方案在外围一级得到了很好的执行，拉贾斯坦邦的孕产妇健康指标明显上升。
{"title":"Assessment of reproductive health service utilization in urban slums: Evidence from Western Rajasthan","authors":"J. Sharma, N. Joshi, Y. Jain, Kuldeep Singh, P. Bhardwaj","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.372374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.372374","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the utilization of reproductive health services in urban slum of Jodhpur city, India. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slums of Jodhpur city amongst 300 married women of reproductive age between March and June 2021. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and information about utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services, delivery and post-partum services. Results: The majority of females were aged less than 25 years (n=195; 65.0%), married after 18 years (n=240; 80%), living in extended families (n=265; 88.3%) and with monthly family income less than 10000 rupees (n=182; 60.7%). Statistically significant associations were found between ≥4 ANC visits and educational level of secondary and above (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.03-6.28; P=0.04), older age (OR 15.70, 95% CI 14.87–16.54 for women aged 26–35 years, OR 16.14, 95% CI 12.12–20.01 for women aged ≥36 years; P<0.01), and backward and general castes (OR 15.91, 95% CI 13.57–17.85 for backward caste and OR 8.11, 95% CI 8.07–8.26 for general category of caste; P<0.01). Seven percent of females had undergone parturition. Older age was associated with higher risks of postpartum complications (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.57 for women aged 26-35 years, OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.29–4.69 for women aged ≥36 years; P<0.01). In addition, risks of postpartum complications were associated with backward and general castes (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.34–2.13 for backward classes and OR 5.01, 95% CI 4.29–5.31 for general category castes; P<0.01), and more than 4 ANC visits (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.09-0.34; P<0.01). Conclusions: More frequent ANC visits are associated with a lower risk of postpartum complications. Furthermore, a high utilization of reproductive health services represents good implementation of reproductive and child health programme at the peripheral level resulting in a stark rise in maternal health indicators in the state of Rajasthan.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"12 1","pages":"52 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46606818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.372375
Y. Ohara, S. Mizuta, H. Matsubayashi, T. Ishikawa, T. Takiuchi, T. Kimura
Objective: To assess whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine affects sperm morphokinetics using a computer-assisted semen analyzer and other semen parameters using a sperm chromatin structure assay. Methods: Healthy male volunteers in two Japanese clinics between May 2021 and December 2021 were prospectively analyzed. Participants donated sperm twice, two days apart, in the following phases: before vaccination, 2 weeks after the first vaccine dose, and 2, 4, and 12 weeks after the second dose. Basic sperm parameters, sperm motility characteristics, and the percentage of DNA-damaged sperm were compared among the different phases. Results: Ninety-six semen samples from ten volunteers, who were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, were evaluated. There were no significant differences between any phases in basic semen findings and parameters of the sperm chromatin structure assays. Regarding sperm motion characteristics, the average linear velocity, beat-cross frequency, and sperm motility index significantly decreased after the second vaccine dose (P=0.018, P=0.003, and P=0.027, respectively), with no significant differences between any two phases by post-hoc pairwise comparisons. Conclusions: After COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, while sperm motion characteristics might fluctuate, no apparent deterioration of basic sperm parameters or sperm DNA integrity was observed. Given the adverse effects of COVID-19 on sperm, our findings suggest that there might be no reason to refrain from vaccination for healthy individuals.
{"title":"Effect of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on sperm morphokinetics and DNA integrity: A prospective observational study in Japan","authors":"Y. Ohara, S. Mizuta, H. Matsubayashi, T. Ishikawa, T. Takiuchi, T. Kimura","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.372375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.372375","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine affects sperm morphokinetics using a computer-assisted semen analyzer and other semen parameters using a sperm chromatin structure assay. Methods: Healthy male volunteers in two Japanese clinics between May 2021 and December 2021 were prospectively analyzed. Participants donated sperm twice, two days apart, in the following phases: before vaccination, 2 weeks after the first vaccine dose, and 2, 4, and 12 weeks after the second dose. Basic sperm parameters, sperm motility characteristics, and the percentage of DNA-damaged sperm were compared among the different phases. Results: Ninety-six semen samples from ten volunteers, who were vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, were evaluated. There were no significant differences between any phases in basic semen findings and parameters of the sperm chromatin structure assays. Regarding sperm motion characteristics, the average linear velocity, beat-cross frequency, and sperm motility index significantly decreased after the second vaccine dose (P=0.018, P=0.003, and P=0.027, respectively), with no significant differences between any two phases by post-hoc pairwise comparisons. Conclusions: After COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, while sperm motion characteristics might fluctuate, no apparent deterioration of basic sperm parameters or sperm DNA integrity was observed. Given the adverse effects of COVID-19 on sperm, our findings suggest that there might be no reason to refrain from vaccination for healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"12 1","pages":"58 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43666261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.372380
D. Rezaee, M. Bandehpour, B. Kazemi, S. Bastaminejad, Sajad Najafi, M. Salehi
Objective: To compare the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro and expressions of related immune genes in mouse implantation. Methods: hCG-producing PBMCs (transfected PBMC) and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro were introduced into isolated mouse endometrial cells, while cell cultures were divided into four groups: the control, PBMC, transfected, and activated PBMC groups. The expression of studied genes (IL-lβ, IL-6, Lif, and Vegf) was evaluated and blastocyst attachment on the cocultured cells (isolated endometrial cells and PBMC cells) was monitored in all four groups. Results: Data showed that expression decreased in the PBMC group compared to the treated PBMC (transfected and activated PBMCs) and increased in transfected PBMC compared to the activated PBMC. Attachment and migration of blastocysts were dramatically enhanced in the transfected PBMC group compared to the activated PBMC group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Use of hCG-producing PBMCs (transfected PBMC) has more influence on endometrial receptivity.
{"title":"Cytokine changes and embryo attachment in mouse endometrial cells following treated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) expressing ectopic hCG, and hCG–activated PBMCs","authors":"D. Rezaee, M. Bandehpour, B. Kazemi, S. Bastaminejad, Sajad Najafi, M. Salehi","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.372380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.372380","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-producing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro and expressions of related immune genes in mouse implantation. Methods: hCG-producing PBMCs (transfected PBMC) and PBMCs activated by hCG in vitro were introduced into isolated mouse endometrial cells, while cell cultures were divided into four groups: the control, PBMC, transfected, and activated PBMC groups. The expression of studied genes (IL-lβ, IL-6, Lif, and Vegf) was evaluated and blastocyst attachment on the cocultured cells (isolated endometrial cells and PBMC cells) was monitored in all four groups. Results: Data showed that expression decreased in the PBMC group compared to the treated PBMC (transfected and activated PBMCs) and increased in transfected PBMC compared to the activated PBMC. Attachment and migration of blastocysts were dramatically enhanced in the transfected PBMC group compared to the activated PBMC group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Use of hCG-producing PBMCs (transfected PBMC) has more influence on endometrial receptivity.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"12 1","pages":"90 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47862021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.365228
Mina Niusha, S. Rahmani, L. Kohan, L. Sadeghi, Mohammad Nouri, H. Nejabati
Objective: To detect common chromosomal aneuploidy variations in embryos from couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology and preimplantation genetic screening and their possible associations with embryo quality. Methods: In this study, 359 embryos from 62 couples were screened for chromosomes 13, 21, 18, X, and Y by fluorescence insitu hybridization. For biopsy of blastomere, a laser was used to remove a significantly smaller portion of the zona pellucida. One blastomere was gently biopsied by an aspiration pipette through the hole. After biopsy, the embryo was immediately returned to the embryo scope until transfer. Embryo integrity and blastocyst formation were assessed on day 5. Results: Totally, 282 embryos from 62 couples were evaluated. The chromosomes were normal in 199 (70.57%) embryos and abnormal in 83 (29.43%) embryos. There was no significant association between the quality of embryos and numerical chromosomal abnormality (P=0.67). Conclusions: Embryo quality is not significantly correlated with its genetic status. Hence, the quality of embryos determined by morphological parameters is not an appropriate method for choosing embryos without these abnormalities.
{"title":"Embryo quality and chromosomal abnormality in embryos from couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology using preimplantation genetic screening","authors":"Mina Niusha, S. Rahmani, L. Kohan, L. Sadeghi, Mohammad Nouri, H. Nejabati","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.365228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.365228","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To detect common chromosomal aneuploidy variations in embryos from couples undergoing assisted reproductive technology and preimplantation genetic screening and their possible associations with embryo quality. Methods: In this study, 359 embryos from 62 couples were screened for chromosomes 13, 21, 18, X, and Y by fluorescence insitu hybridization. For biopsy of blastomere, a laser was used to remove a significantly smaller portion of the zona pellucida. One blastomere was gently biopsied by an aspiration pipette through the hole. After biopsy, the embryo was immediately returned to the embryo scope until transfer. Embryo integrity and blastocyst formation were assessed on day 5. Results: Totally, 282 embryos from 62 couples were evaluated. The chromosomes were normal in 199 (70.57%) embryos and abnormal in 83 (29.43%) embryos. There was no significant association between the quality of embryos and numerical chromosomal abnormality (P=0.67). Conclusions: Embryo quality is not significantly correlated with its genetic status. Hence, the quality of embryos determined by morphological parameters is not an appropriate method for choosing embryos without these abnormalities.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"12 1","pages":"16 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48370656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/2305-0500.386123
Fahad Afzal, Arindam Das
Objective: To analyze the sociological support system available for left-behind wives of male outmigrants and develop a model that predicts the antenatal care (ANC) services utilization. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural regions of the Patna district, India. The sample size (n=328) was estimated using Cochran's formula. Five parameters of the social support system were identified (autonomy, spousal support, family support, social circle support, and government support). The score for each was calculated as a composite score using multiple variables; these served as independent variables. The respondents were categorized as efficient and non-efficient users of ANC service based on established criteria. Results: The regression results showed that four out of five social parameters had a significant effect on ANC behavior. Spousal support was the strongest predictor (standardized regression coefficient β=0.57, OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.79, P=0.007). Government support was found to be the second strongest predictor (β=0.40, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.14, P=0.027), followed by family support (β=0.31, OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.23-2.57, P=0.034) and autonomy (β=0.11, OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-2.26, P=0.030). The social circle support was found to be non-significant in predicting ANC behavior (P>0.05). Conclusions: The policymakers could focus on the identified predictors to strengthen and modify the existing policies for left-behind wives of male outmigrants. The need of the hour is a strategic intervention for behavioral modification of not only the left-behind wives but also their family members along with reinforcement of the existing social-security net. One strategy we suggest is to launch an awareness campaign focusing on husbands (male outmigrants) and family members.
目的:分析外来男性留守妻子可获得的社会支持系统，并建立预测产前保健服务利用的模型。方法:在印度巴特那地区的农村地区进行横断面调查。样本量(n=328)采用科克伦公式估计。确定了社会支持系统的五个参数(自主性、配偶支持、家庭支持、社交圈支持和政府支持)。每一项的得分使用多个变量计算为综合得分;这些作为独立变量。根据既定标准，答复者被分类为ANC服务的高效和非高效用户。结果:回归结果显示，5个社会参数中有4个对非自主行为有显著影响。配偶支持是最强的预测因子(标准化回归系数β=0.57, OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.79, P=0.007)。政府支持是第二大预测因子(β=0.40, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.14, P=0.027)，其次是家庭支持(β=0.31, OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.23-2.57, P=0.034)和自主性(β=0.11, OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-2.26, P=0.030)。社交圈支持对ANC行为的预测不显著(P < 0.05)。结论:政策制定者应关注已识别的预测因素，加强和修改现有的外来男性留守妻子政策。时间的需要是一种战略干预，不仅是为了改变留守妇女的行为，也是为了改善她们的家庭成员的行为，同时加强现有的社会保障网络。我们建议的一个策略是发起一场关注丈夫(男性外迁者)和家庭成员的意识运动。
{"title":"Predictors of antenatal health service utilization among left-behind wives of male outmigrants: Evidence from Patna District, India","authors":"Fahad Afzal, Arindam Das","doi":"10.4103/2305-0500.386123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2305-0500.386123","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the sociological support system available for left-behind wives of male outmigrants and develop a model that predicts the antenatal care (ANC) services utilization. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural regions of the Patna district, India. The sample size (n=328) was estimated using Cochran's formula. Five parameters of the social support system were identified (autonomy, spousal support, family support, social circle support, and government support). The score for each was calculated as a composite score using multiple variables; these served as independent variables. The respondents were categorized as efficient and non-efficient users of ANC service based on established criteria. Results: The regression results showed that four out of five social parameters had a significant effect on ANC behavior. Spousal support was the strongest predictor (standardized regression coefficient β=0.57, OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08-1.79, P=0.007). Government support was found to be the second strongest predictor (β=0.40, OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.04-2.14, P=0.027), followed by family support (β=0.31, OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.23-2.57, P=0.034) and autonomy (β=0.11, OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-2.26, P=0.030). The social circle support was found to be non-significant in predicting ANC behavior (P>0.05). Conclusions: The policymakers could focus on the identified predictors to strengthen and modify the existing policies for left-behind wives of male outmigrants. The need of the hour is a strategic intervention for behavioral modification of not only the left-behind wives but also their family members along with reinforcement of the existing social-security net. One strategy we suggest is to launch an awareness campaign focusing on husbands (male outmigrants) and family members.","PeriodicalId":8564,"journal":{"name":"Asian Pacific Journal of Reproduction","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135008599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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