Since the end of the twentieth-century majority of humankind is allegedly living under conditions of modernity. This all-embracing shift has resulted in different effects and different phenomena. In some cases, the government-led modernization of traditional societies led to the destabilization of some institutions. However, it would be a mistake to assert that modernization became a denominator for the unfavorable processes. The result of the large-scale transformations brought about an emergence of compensatory reactions. Specifically, irrational aspirations became active in society. In recent years, once tabooed occultism has become popular, which entailed intense yet expected attention from academia. Despite transition to modern forms of social structure, such as the strengthening of rationalism, technologization, the advancement of science, a certain layer in society is inclined to believe in the “miraculous powers of occultism” or takes it quite seriously as a science. Observed interest in society for the irrational is analyzed in the context of the chosen path of the country’s development. It is also assessed as concurrently transpiring multicomponent and contradictory trends in the global arena. The study examines the question of the significance of the statement “collective neurosis” in modern society. It argues that whether revitalization, if any, of occultism reflects societal tensions related to dissatisfaction with reality and distrust towards certain state institutions.
{"title":"Оккультизм в сознании горожан Казахстана","authors":"Есенжол Каниевич Алияров, Динара Жексенгалиевна Жангужекова, Мархаббат Мешитбекович Нуров","doi":"10.31857/S013216250013752-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250013752-0","url":null,"abstract":"Since the end of the twentieth-century majority of humankind is allegedly living under conditions of modernity. This all-embracing shift has resulted in different effects and different phenomena. In some cases, the government-led modernization of traditional societies led to the destabilization of some institutions. However, it would be a mistake to assert that modernization became a denominator for the unfavorable processes. The result of the large-scale transformations brought about an emergence of compensatory reactions. Specifically, irrational aspirations became active in society. In recent years, once tabooed occultism has become popular, which entailed intense yet expected attention from academia. Despite transition to modern forms of social structure, such as the strengthening of rationalism, technologization, the advancement of science, a certain layer in society is inclined to believe in the “miraculous powers of occultism” or takes it quite seriously as a science. Observed interest in society for the irrational is analyzed in the context of the chosen path of the country’s development. It is also assessed as concurrently transpiring multicomponent and contradictory trends in the global arena. The study examines the question of the significance of the statement “collective neurosis” in modern society. It argues that whether revitalization, if any, of occultism reflects societal tensions related to dissatisfaction with reality and distrust towards certain state institutions.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"12 1","pages":"137-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72891781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-30DOI: 10.31857/S013216250014470-0
Климов Иван Александрович, Климова Светлана Гавриловна
This article presents the results of a study of the experience gained from Russian organizations and enterprises’ emergency transition to remote work in the spring of 2020. The main objective of the study is to analyze the team management strategies used in the lockdown conditions in the spring of 2020: circumstances determining the effectiveness of joint work, organizational and communicative particularities, and properties of corporative culture. The transfer of employees to remote work entailed a decrease in the effectiveness of collective work with an increase in worktime. Stresses caused by concerns of people about the stability of their work proved to be justified and widespread. These concerns were partly alleviated thanks by employers’ efforts to retain workers. The authorities promptly adopted Law No. 407 on remote work. This also eased the fears of employees. Companies that managed to create workable IT systems and auxiliary services were able to quickly mobilize employees to accomplish production tasks. But teaming competencies such as problems of motivation, involvement, trust, mutual understanding and some others could not be promptly resolved. Accordingly, the crisis was surmounted successfully enough in those organizations that had these skills in the repertoire of their corporate culture. The lockdown experience shows that remote work can be a regular element of workplace relations. This requires algorithms of efficient work out of the office and the use of managerial decisions motivating employees for cooperation, trust, involvement, creativity, the ability to learn and adapt to change.
{"title":"Опыт перехода российских компаний на удалённую работу в ситуации пандемии","authors":"Климов Иван Александрович, Климова Светлана Гавриловна","doi":"10.31857/S013216250014470-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250014470-0","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents the results of a study of the experience gained from Russian organizations and enterprises’ emergency transition to remote work in the spring of 2020. The main objective of the study is to analyze the team management strategies used in the lockdown conditions in the spring of 2020: circumstances determining the effectiveness of joint work, organizational and communicative particularities, and properties of corporative culture. The transfer of employees to remote work entailed a decrease in the effectiveness of collective work with an increase in worktime. Stresses caused by concerns of people about the stability of their work proved to be justified and widespread. These concerns were partly alleviated thanks by employers’ efforts to retain workers. The authorities promptly adopted Law No. 407 on remote work. This also eased the fears of employees. Companies that managed to create workable IT systems and auxiliary services were able to quickly mobilize employees to accomplish production tasks. But teaming competencies such as problems of motivation, involvement, trust, mutual understanding and some others could not be promptly resolved. Accordingly, the crisis was surmounted successfully enough in those organizations that had these skills in the repertoire of their corporate culture. The lockdown experience shows that remote work can be a regular element of workplace relations. This requires algorithms of efficient work out of the office and the use of managerial decisions motivating employees for cooperation, trust, involvement, creativity, the ability to learn and adapt to change.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"79 1","pages":"50-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83770161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-06DOI: 10.30495/JSS.2021.1930695.1335
Mohammadsaleh Abdi, M. Abbaszadeh, K. Koohi
Abstract:The purpose of this study was to identify physical status among elders of Tabriz city. The methodology used in this research was qualitative. In order to collect data in the study, semi-structured interview was applied. The statistical population in this study was elders of Tabriz city. The statistical sample was selected through purposeful method of sampling. 15 people were interviewed in several areas of Tabriz. Data obtained from interview was analyzed using phenomenological method. In this study, in order to gain validity of research findings resulted from the interviews technique of triplicity and also parallel technique and presenting data and its results analysis method of data gathering were applied. The results of this research showed that losing physical strength and suffering from chronic diseases among elders are of the main problems that these elements could influence on their viewpoint about the life. Also, some factors like living situation and economic factors could influence on the elders' physical health.
{"title":"The Elderly and Physical Activity: A Qualitative Method","authors":"Mohammadsaleh Abdi, M. Abbaszadeh, K. Koohi","doi":"10.30495/JSS.2021.1930695.1335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30495/JSS.2021.1930695.1335","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The purpose of this study was to identify physical status among elders of Tabriz city. The methodology used in this research was qualitative. In order to collect data in the study, semi-structured interview was applied. The statistical population in this study was elders of Tabriz city. The statistical sample was selected through purposeful method of sampling. 15 people were interviewed in several areas of Tabriz. Data obtained from interview was analyzed using phenomenological method. In this study, in order to gain validity of research findings resulted from the interviews technique of triplicity and also parallel technique and presenting data and its results analysis method of data gathering were applied. The results of this research showed that losing physical strength and suffering from chronic diseases among elders are of the main problems that these elements could influence on their viewpoint about the life. Also, some factors like living situation and economic factors could influence on the elders' physical health.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80920185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.31857/S013216250012418-2
R. Braslavskiy
«Сильная программа» в культурсоциологии, разрабатываемая Дж. Александером и его коллегами с середины 1980-х гг., позиционируется как главный носитель культурного поворота в социологии. В оценках сторонников и критиков внимание, как правило, сосредоточено на ее принципе «автономии культуры» и на том вызове, который она бросает традиционной институционально ориентированной социологии. В данной статье, напротив, акцентируются «сциентистские» мотивы сильной программы и вытекающие из них противоречия и ограничения для культурсоциологического теоретизирования.
{"title":"The Strong Program in Cultural Sociology: Balancing between Culturalism and Scientism","authors":"R. Braslavskiy","doi":"10.31857/S013216250012418-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250012418-2","url":null,"abstract":"«Сильная программа» в культурсоциологии, разрабатываемая Дж. Александером и его коллегами с середины 1980-х гг., позиционируется как главный носитель культурного поворота в социологии. В оценках сторонников и критиков внимание, как правило, сосредоточено на ее принципе «автономии культуры» и на том вызове, который она бросает традиционной институционально ориентированной социологии. В данной статье, напротив, акцентируются «сциентистские» мотивы сильной программы и вытекающие из них противоречия и ограничения для культурсоциологического теоретизирования.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"26-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78338642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.31857/S013216250012680-1
J. Soeters
It has often been overlooked that sociology was founded in times and societies where war and the military were common affairs. Therefore it is not surprising that sociology has a lot to say about these impactful phenomena. This, however, has not always been acknowledged in the history of this discipline, even though military sociology as a subdiscipline has matured since WWII. This article points at the possibility of presenting an overview of classical sociology’s significance for the study of the armed forces, especially in questions that are of a substantive rational nature. The case of Georg Simmel is presented as an example; it appears that the sociological study of the armed forces and their actions can profit from the insights of this sociologist with respect to: positions and numbers in networks; conflict dynamics; secrecy and trust; and the position of the stranger. At the end, the article advocates the development of a sociology that studies the more operational side of the armed forces, taking the interests of all people who are involved in conflicts into account.
{"title":"Sociology and Military Studies: Broadening the Perspective, Using the Classics","authors":"J. Soeters","doi":"10.31857/S013216250012680-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250012680-1","url":null,"abstract":"It has often been overlooked that sociology was founded in times and societies where war and the military were common affairs. Therefore it is not surprising that sociology has a lot to say about these impactful phenomena. This, however, has not always been acknowledged in the history of this discipline, even though military sociology as a subdiscipline has matured since WWII. This article points at the possibility of presenting an overview of classical sociology’s significance for the study of the armed forces, especially in questions that are of a substantive rational nature. The case of Georg Simmel is presented as an example; it appears that the sociological study of the armed forces and their actions can profit from the insights of this sociologist with respect to: positions and numbers in networks; conflict dynamics; secrecy and trust; and the position of the stranger. At the end, the article advocates the development of a sociology that studies the more operational side of the armed forces, taking the interests of all people who are involved in conflicts into account.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"42 1","pages":"67-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89295099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-29DOI: 10.31857/s013216250009459-7
D. Dobrinskaya, T. Martynenko
The article is about new book by Jan van Dijk, one of the pioneers in the study of digital divide. The authors analyze key theoretical statements of the theory of the digital divide, comparing it with the early works of van Dijk devoted to this topic. It also examines the most controversial issues in the study of the digital divide in sociology. Technological changes are transforming the digital divide from a simple division between those who have and those who do not have access to the Internet to a difference in outcomes for ownership and use of digital technologies. This evolution has led to emergence of digital divide at three levels. The model of the digital divide proposed in the study is based on the principles of relational approach. It is complex and multidimensional in nature, thus, according to the author, making it possible to assess the condition of the digital divide at all its levels. Van Dijk asks about the prospects for solving this crucial issue and whether there is a correlation between current state of the digital divide and other inequalities. Most of the research is focused on these questions, the findings of which are far from optimistic.
这篇文章是关于Jan van Dijk的新书，他是研究数字鸿沟的先驱之一。作者分析了数字鸿沟理论的关键理论陈述，并将其与范戴克早期致力于这一主题的著作进行了比较。它还探讨了社会学中数字鸿沟研究中最具争议的问题。技术变革正在将数字鸿沟从能上网和不能上网的人之间的简单划分转变为数字技术所有权和使用结果的差异。这种演变导致了三个层面的数字鸿沟的出现。本文提出的数字鸿沟模型是基于关系方法的原理。发件人认为，数字鸿沟本质上是复杂和多方面的，因此有可能在各个层面上评估数字鸿沟的状况。Van Dijk询问了解决这一关键问题的前景，以及数字鸿沟的现状与其他不平等之间是否存在关联。大多数研究都集中在这些问题上，其结果远非乐观。
{"title":"Is Digital Equality Possible? (On the Book “The Digital Divide” by J. Van Dijk)","authors":"D. Dobrinskaya, T. Martynenko","doi":"10.31857/s013216250009459-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s013216250009459-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article is about new book by Jan van Dijk, one of the pioneers in the study of digital divide. The authors analyze key theoretical statements of the theory of the digital divide, comparing it with the early works of van Dijk devoted to this topic. It also examines the most controversial issues in the study of the digital divide in sociology. Technological changes are transforming the digital divide from a simple division between those who have and those who do not have access to the Internet to a difference in outcomes for ownership and use of digital technologies. This evolution has led to emergence of digital divide at three levels. The model of the digital divide proposed in the study is based on the principles of relational approach. It is complex and multidimensional in nature, thus, according to the author, making it possible to assess the condition of the digital divide at all its levels. Van Dijk asks about the prospects for solving this crucial issue and whether there is a correlation between current state of the digital divide and other inequalities. Most of the research is focused on these questions, the findings of which are far from optimistic.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"10 1","pages":"158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85803314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.31857/s013216250009621-6
A. Sleptsov, E. V. Potravnaya
The article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and coronavirus infection on the development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation On the basis of sociological research in many Arctic regions of the country are identified the main problems faced by the economy and the population in a pandemic and spread of coronavirus infection (the risk of limiting the activities of mining companies because of the risk of illness of workers, restrictions on movement, prohibitions and restrictions on employment in traditional crafts for local people, job loss and reduced income, fear for their health and that of loved ones) The peculiarity of the conducted sociological surveys was that they took into account the opinion and interests of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North in assessing the impact of the spread of coronavirus on their living conditions and traditional nature management Alternate abstract:На основе опроса населения ряда арктических районов страны, вклю¬чая представителей коренных народов Севера, рассматриваются некоторые аспекты влияния пандемии коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 на жизнь этого региона Среди основных проблем, с которыми столкнулось население в условиях пандемии, угроза ограничения деятельности добывающих компаний, передвижения, запреты и ограничения на занятия традиционными промыслами для местного населения, потеря работы и снижение дохода, боязнь за свое здоровье и здоровье близких
本文讨论了COVID-19大流行和冠状病毒感染对俄罗斯联邦北极地区发展的影响。在对该国许多北极地区进行社会学研究的基础上，确定了经济和人口在大流行和冠状病毒感染传播中面临的主要问题(由于工人患病风险而限制矿业公司活动的风险、限制行动的风险、禁止和限制当地居民从事传统手工艺、失业和减少收入;所进行的社会学调查的特点在于，在评估冠状病毒传播对北方土著少数民族的生活条件和传统自然管理的影响时，考虑了他们的意见和利益。替代摘要:На основе опроса населения ряда арктических районов страны， вклю¬чая представителей коренных народов Севера，рассматриваютсянекоторыеаспектывлиянияпандемиикоронавируснойинфекцииCOVID-19нажизньэтогорегионаСредиосновныхпроблем,скоторымистолкнулосьнаселениевусловияхпандемии,угрозаограничениядеятельностидобывающихкомпаний,передвижения,запретыиограниченияназанятиятрадиционнымипромысламидляместногонаселения,потеряработыиснижениедохода,боязньзасвоездоровьеиздоровьеблизких
{"title":"Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on the Life of Arctic Regions in Population Estimates","authors":"A. Sleptsov, E. V. Potravnaya","doi":"10.31857/s013216250009621-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s013216250009621-6","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and coronavirus infection on the development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation On the basis of sociological research in many Arctic regions of the country are identified the main problems faced by the economy and the population in a pandemic and spread of coronavirus infection (the risk of limiting the activities of mining companies because of the risk of illness of workers, restrictions on movement, prohibitions and restrictions on employment in traditional crafts for local people, job loss and reduced income, fear for their health and that of loved ones) The peculiarity of the conducted sociological surveys was that they took into account the opinion and interests of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North in assessing the impact of the spread of coronavirus on their living conditions and traditional nature management Alternate abstract:На основе опроса населения ряда арктических районов страны, вклю¬чая представителей коренных народов Севера, рассматриваются некоторые аспекты влияния пандемии коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 на жизнь этого региона Среди основных проблем, с которыми столкнулось население в условиях пандемии, угроза ограничения деятельности добывающих компаний, передвижения, запреты и ограничения на занятия традиционными промыслами для местного населения, потеря работы и снижение дохода, боязнь за свое здоровье и здоровье близких","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"16 1","pages":"144-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82326074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-28DOI: 10.31857/s013216250010022-7
V. Filonenko, L. Shtompel, O. Shtompel
The article analyzes the perception of visual characteristics of the urban environment in terms of cultural values represented in this process. The analysis is based on a sociological study of the cities in the Southern Federal District, conducted by the authors in 2018. Considerable attention is given to the city dwellers’ contradictory attitudes to the city and the factors that bind it with a person. The study attempts to reveal how assessment of the visual urban environment depends on the type of the city. It is shown that the most acute contradictions include the gap between attachment to the city as a “small homeland” and its actual condition (architectural planning solutions, aesthetic appeal, cleanliness in public places, etc.), increased visualization of social inequality, imbalance in the content of monumental propaganda, dissatisfaction with the general cultural level of city dwellers. The study reveals the city dwellers' controversial attitude to the content of advertisements: residents of small cities tend to evaluate them from a more traditionalist standpoint. The practical value of the obtained results is due to the fact that they may contribute to the improvement of visually perceived urban environment and municipal strategic planning.
{"title":"Visual Environment of South Russian Cities in the Assessments of Citizens","authors":"V. Filonenko, L. Shtompel, O. Shtompel","doi":"10.31857/s013216250010022-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s013216250010022-7","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the perception of visual characteristics of the urban environment in terms of cultural values represented in this process. The analysis is based on a sociological study of the cities in the Southern Federal District, conducted by the authors in 2018. Considerable attention is given to the city dwellers’ contradictory attitudes to the city and the factors that bind it with a person. The study attempts to reveal how assessment of the visual urban environment depends on the type of the city. It is shown that the most acute contradictions include the gap between attachment to the city as a “small homeland” and its actual condition (architectural planning solutions, aesthetic appeal, cleanliness in public places, etc.), increased visualization of social inequality, imbalance in the content of monumental propaganda, dissatisfaction with the general cultural level of city dwellers. The study reveals the city dwellers' controversial attitude to the content of advertisements: residents of small cities tend to evaluate them from a more traditionalist standpoint. The practical value of the obtained results is due to the fact that they may contribute to the improvement of visually perceived urban environment and municipal strategic planning.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"524 ","pages":"155-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91458708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.31857/s013216250009117-1
E. Kolesnikova, I. Kudenko
Популяризация технических и инженерных профессий, привлечение в них наиболее мотивированных и успевающих учащихся требует не только развития интереса к профильным учебным предметам школьной программы, но и формирования представлений о будущих профессиях в сфере STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering Mathematics). Распространение предпрофессиональных классов способствует концентрации в них заинтересованных в школьных предметах и будущей карьере в сфере STEM школьников и школьниц. В то же время недостаточное внимание остальных учащихся к STEM компетенциям потенциально снижает их социальные шансы в будущем, в том числе поддерживает гендерный дисбаланс в занятости. Статья опирается на данные опроса московских школьников (2019), проведенного по методике европейского проекта по развитию сотрудничества школ и компаний сферы STEM. Результаты анализируются в сопоставлении с данными «ECB – InGenious Project». Проблемы формирования кадров будущего в сфере STEM заключаются в недостаточной поддержке интереса школьников к карьере в данном направлении посредством информирования о профессиях, содержании труда и карьерных перспективах. Выявлен существенный интерес молодежи к знаниям в сфере точных наук, признается востребованность STEM-профессий, инженеров, техников и ученых в будущем. Актуальные профессии в промышленности, отраслях занятости, связанных с естественными науками и математикой, подростки описывают в позитивных категориях, в то же время зачастую они не готовы к выбору в пользу карьеры в данном направлении. Недостаток информации в школе о STEM-профессиях особенно значим для школьников, не включенных в предпрофессиональное STEM-образование, а также для девушек.
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Pub Date : 2020-04-30DOI: 10.31857/S013216250009131-7
S. Kravchenko
In historical and cultural context there are critically analyzed approaches to different manifestations of traumatic development and the very idea of social trauma. P. Sztompka’s theory of becoming displays how the effects of “society in action” and “pathological agencies” cause sociocultural traumas. J.C. Alexander’s theory of cultural construction of trauma and “the dramatization of consciousness” diagnoses the role of artificially constructed short living mystified meanings in the deformation of social consciousness. In the paper special attention is given to the analysis of Zh.T. Toschenko’s theory of ‘the society of trauma’ that suggests and argues for a new specific modality of development. It is shown that with the help of theoretical and methodological tools of this theory there are revalued traditional criteria of the progress of the countries that earlier were defined as “developed”, “developing”, “catching up”, “backward” that did not take into consideration traumatic features of “non-stable states” – their realities and trends of development do not dovetail either with evolution or with revolution modality. Relying on the postulates and conclusions of this theory the author of the paper proposes further investigations into the issues of society of trauma.
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