Pub Date : 2019-08-30DOI: 10.31857/S013216250006123-8
Sari Hanafi
От редакции. С первых лет существования наш журнал держит своих читателей в курсе событий и планов международного сообщества социологов. Эти же цели преследует публикация статьи президента Международной социологической ассоциации, ливанского социолога Сари Ханафи, избранного на этот пост летом прошлого года.
{"title":"Глобальная социология: навстречу новым направлениям","authors":"Sari Hanafi","doi":"10.31857/S013216250006123-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250006123-8","url":null,"abstract":"От редакции. С первых лет существования наш журнал держит своих читателей в курсе событий и планов международного сообщества социологов. Эти же цели преследует публикация статьи президента Международной социологической ассоциации, ливанского социолога Сари Ханафи, избранного на этот пост летом прошлого года.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"28 1","pages":"3-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82944284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-30DOI: 10.31857/S013216250004949-6
D. Konstantinovsky, M. Pinskaya, R. Zviagintsev
The study uses the framework of professional well-being of teachers to study the peculiarities of their professional position in Russian schools. The information base of the study is the data of the Monitoring of Education Markets and Organizations4 for the 2015–2016 academic year. The teacher’s questionnaire includes a separate questionnaire on the professional well-being of teachers. The methodology of EFA and CFA of the questionnaire structure is used in the work. Based on the answers of teachers, there are five groups of teachers with different professional positions. The analysis of the groups shows that deformation of a professional position correlates with: the social context in which the school works, the characteristics of the territory, the work with disadvantaged children, high workload not related to teaching, and low involvement in making decisions about school life. At the same time, the following factors do not show a significant connection: the salary, the length of service or the age of the teacher. In addition, the results of psychometric analysis of teacher well-being questionnaire in the framework of the Classical Test Theory are indicated in the work in order to use it as an independent tool in further research.
{"title":"Профессиональное самочувствие учителей: от энтузиазма до выгорания","authors":"D. Konstantinovsky, M. Pinskaya, R. Zviagintsev","doi":"10.31857/S013216250004949-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250004949-6","url":null,"abstract":"The study uses the framework of professional well-being of teachers to study the peculiarities of their professional position in Russian schools. The information base of the study is the data of the Monitoring of Education Markets and Organizations4 for the 2015–2016 academic year. The teacher’s questionnaire includes a separate questionnaire on the professional well-being of teachers. The methodology of EFA and CFA of the questionnaire structure is used in the work. Based on the answers of teachers, there are five groups of teachers with different professional positions. The analysis of the groups shows that deformation of a professional position correlates with: the social context in which the school works, the characteristics of the territory, the work with disadvantaged children, high workload not related to teaching, and low involvement in making decisions about school life. At the same time, the following factors do not show a significant connection: the salary, the length of service or the age of the teacher. In addition, the results of psychometric analysis of teacher well-being questionnaire in the framework of the Classical Test Theory are indicated in the work in order to use it as an independent tool in further research.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"14-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76924940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-30DOI: 10.31857/S013216250003752-0
P. Korotkov, E. Zagaynova
В работе проверяется гипотеза о наличии связи между частотой самоубийств и использованием времени в личной жизни (в сферах быта и досуга) в странах с относительно стабильной общественной ситуацией, включая Россию, с уровнем частоты самоубийств, равным или выше среднего (11 случаев на 100 тыс. населения). Для непараметрического статистического анализа используются данные бюджетов времени 17 стран Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития. Установлено, что значимый вклад в изменчивость частоты самоубийств вносят затраты времени на уход за членами семьи, а также на участие в культурно-развлекательных мероприятиях и в волонтерском движении. Предложены общие рекомендации по оптимизации структуры и продолжительности занятий как положительной деятельности, направленной на сокращение частоты самоубийств в изучаемых странах. Выявлена специфика связи частоты самоубийств и использования времени населением в семи субъектах Российской Федерации. Обозначены факторы снижения частоты самоубийств в России – повышение качества восстанавливающей деятельности (сна и отдыха), а также увеличение возможностей «внедомашнего» досуга, прежде всего, за счет повышения уровня жизни населения. Исследование открывает перспективы комплексного изучения тенденций изменения частоты самоубийств в условиях сложившейся повседневности (труд, быт, досуг).
{"title":"Частота самоубийств и использование времени в сферах быта и досуга","authors":"P. Korotkov, E. Zagaynova","doi":"10.31857/S013216250003752-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250003752-0","url":null,"abstract":"В работе проверяется гипотеза о наличии связи между частотой самоубийств и использованием времени в личной жизни (в сферах быта и досуга) в странах с относительно стабильной общественной ситуацией, включая Россию, с уровнем частоты самоубийств, равным или выше среднего (11 случаев на 100 тыс. населения). Для непараметрического статистического анализа используются данные бюджетов времени 17 стран Организации экономического сотрудничества и развития. Установлено, что значимый вклад в изменчивость частоты самоубийств вносят затраты времени на уход за членами семьи, а также на участие в культурно-развлекательных мероприятиях и в волонтерском движении. Предложены общие рекомендации по оптимизации структуры и продолжительности занятий как положительной деятельности, направленной на сокращение частоты самоубийств в изучаемых странах. Выявлена специфика связи частоты самоубийств и использования времени населением в семи субъектах Российской Федерации. Обозначены факторы снижения частоты самоубийств в России – повышение качества восстанавливающей деятельности (сна и отдыха), а также увеличение возможностей «внедомашнего» досуга, прежде всего, за счет повышения уровня жизни населения. Исследование открывает перспективы комплексного изучения тенденций изменения частоты самоубийств в условиях сложившейся повседневности (труд, быт, досуг).","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"106-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73192806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.31857/S013216250003169-8
I. Šubrt
Sociological debates about public opinion have to weigh up theoretical dilemmas. The first of these dilemmas concerns whether public opinion appeared only with the advent of modern society, or whether it was a phenomenon in other, earlier types of society. The second dilemma is associated with the opposites of «realistic» and «nominalistic» approaches. The third dilemma is the contradiction between «monistic» and «pluralistic» positions. However, if we proceed from the theory of public opinion to its survey, we find a surprising thing: all the mentioned theoretical dilemmas are irrelevant from the survey point of view. Researchers (pollsters) are basically satisfied with a concept of public opinion which can be described as «operational». According to this, public opinion is what is measured by polls of public opinion. The basic pitfall of the operational conception is that surveys which should capture and analyze public opinion can easily fit the purpose of their specific producer, as the method of surveying public opinion can be transformed into an instrument for shaping it.
{"title":"Do Public Opinion Polls actually Provide a Survey of Public Opinion","authors":"I. Šubrt","doi":"10.31857/S013216250003169-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250003169-8","url":null,"abstract":"Sociological debates about public opinion have to weigh up theoretical dilemmas. The first of these dilemmas concerns whether public opinion appeared only with the advent of modern society, or whether it was a phenomenon in other, earlier types of society. The second dilemma is associated with the opposites of «realistic» and «nominalistic» approaches. The third dilemma is the contradiction between «monistic» and «pluralistic» positions. However, if we proceed from the theory of public opinion to its survey, we find a surprising thing: all the mentioned theoretical dilemmas are irrelevant from the survey point of view. Researchers (pollsters) are basically satisfied with a concept of public opinion which can be described as «operational». According to this, public opinion is what is measured by polls of public opinion. The basic pitfall of the operational conception is that surveys which should capture and analyze public opinion can easily fit the purpose of their specific producer, as the method of surveying public opinion can be transformed into an instrument for shaping it.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"56-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74375607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-11DOI: 10.31857/S013216250003173-3
I. S. Sushpanova
In the current post-truth culture, the problem of reliable reflection of socio-political reality in the public consciousness is topical. Widespread dissemination of false, fake news is a threat to society and democracy. The term «post-truth» is ambiguously defined in scientific, journalistic circles, among politicians and public figures. The post-truth politics is reflected in the international arena, in conflicts between countries, as well as at the regional level in the battle for the votes. The post-truth culture spreads widely on the Internet, creating a non-alternative personalized «world of truth» for the user. Fake news is gradually becoming a source of concern for the authorities of many states, threatening their internal security and destabilizing international democratic order. Average citizen might hardly tell false information from truth. Information can undermine public trust of citizens and cause widespread protest activity against authorities and democratic values, discrediting both professional journalists, politicians, and the power structures. The fight against false sources of information in the electronic and digital field is gaining momentum. In order to prevent the spread of the post-truth culture, a number of countries have chosen a strategy for strengthening censorship and introducing control over information posted in various media. This way can lead to infringement on civic rights and freedoms, threat to democracy and emergence of authoritarian regimes. Another strategy is to consolidate efforts of civil society, state, means and sources of information dissemination and companies engaged in digital technologies. This – in sum – contributes to the fight against the post-truth culture.
{"title":"«Post-truth» in Social Reality: Risks and Threats","authors":"I. S. Sushpanova","doi":"10.31857/S013216250003173-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250003173-3","url":null,"abstract":"In the current post-truth culture, the problem of reliable reflection of socio-political reality in the public consciousness is topical. Widespread dissemination of false, fake news is a threat to society and democracy. The term «post-truth» is ambiguously defined in scientific, journalistic circles, among politicians and public figures. The post-truth politics is reflected in the international arena, in conflicts between countries, as well as at the regional level in the battle for the votes. The post-truth culture spreads widely on the Internet, creating a non-alternative personalized «world of truth» for the user. Fake news is gradually becoming a source of concern for the authorities of many states, threatening their internal security and destabilizing international democratic order. Average citizen might hardly tell false information from truth. Information can undermine public trust of citizens and cause widespread protest activity against authorities and democratic values, discrediting both professional journalists, politicians, and the power structures. The fight against false sources of information in the electronic and digital field is gaining momentum. In order to prevent the spread of the post-truth culture, a number of countries have chosen a strategy for strengthening censorship and introducing control over information posted in various media. This way can lead to infringement on civic rights and freedoms, threat to democracy and emergence of authoritarian regimes. Another strategy is to consolidate efforts of civil society, state, means and sources of information dissemination and companies engaged in digital technologies. This – in sum – contributes to the fight against the post-truth culture.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"94-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79583110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-29DOI: 10.31857/S013216250002780-1
A. Yakovenko
Emphasis is placed on the fact that in recent years the reasoning about admissibility of creating technologies to significantly increase lives of individuals, and as a result, achieve immortality, has passed from the pseudoscientific into the objective category. The society in a sense is posing expectations of the realizability of “immortality technologies” in a tangible perspective. Therefore, it seems reasonable to analyze real and imaginary obstacles to achieving immortality on the basis of taking into account fundamental interests, habits and fears that create environment of rejection and resistance, even to the hypothetical possibility of moving to “immortal society”. It is pointed out that the discussion of this topic seems absurd, given the danger of human civilization transition to the phase of open, full-scale conflicts, and also taking into account the informed attributes of culture, based on the mortality of individuals, groups and macro-communities. In this regard, immortality is viewed as a social problem, since it is a force for the removal of anticipations and fears in the finiteness of the earthly path that shows the society’s unpreparedness for normal, meaningful, creative functioning. At the general social level, a reproducible bundle of “threat-security-threat” has been formed, at the level of social institutions, created dependency attributes will be difficult to refuse, in the case of immortality. On the personal level, several counterarguments are given with respect to immortality emanating from the current pragmatics of existence.
{"title":"Immortality as a Social Promblem","authors":"A. Yakovenko","doi":"10.31857/S013216250002780-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250002780-1","url":null,"abstract":"Emphasis is placed on the fact that in recent years the reasoning about admissibility of creating technologies to significantly increase lives of individuals, and as a result, achieve immortality, has passed from the pseudoscientific into the objective category. The society in a sense is posing expectations of the realizability of “immortality technologies” in a tangible perspective. Therefore, it seems reasonable to analyze real and imaginary obstacles to achieving immortality on the basis of taking into account fundamental interests, habits and fears that create environment of rejection and resistance, even to the hypothetical possibility of moving to “immortal society”. It is pointed out that the discussion of this topic seems absurd, given the danger of human civilization transition to the phase of open, full-scale conflicts, and also taking into account the informed attributes of culture, based on the mortality of individuals, groups and macro-communities. In this regard, immortality is viewed as a social problem, since it is a force for the removal of anticipations and fears in the finiteness of the earthly path that shows the society’s unpreparedness for normal, meaningful, creative functioning. At the general social level, a reproducible bundle of “threat-security-threat” has been formed, at the level of social institutions, created dependency attributes will be difficult to refuse, in the case of immortality. On the personal level, several counterarguments are given with respect to immortality emanating from the current pragmatics of existence.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"144-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79601504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-09DOI: 10.31857/S013216250001957-5
I. Dezhina, Grigoriy A. Klucharev
The paper is focused on the problems of continuous education in Russia that is playing a growing role while the country is moving towards innovative economy. The continuous education may be implemented in various forms, from university and online courses to companies-based supplementary post-graduate education. The study is based on the results of a survey conducted among 80 experts that represent stakeholders in the Russian innovation system. The interviews were conducted in 2016–2017 in 12 regions of Russia with experts, employed in federal and regional administrations, venture and investment funds, institutes for development, technology parks, incubators, paten offices, private companies, universities, and research institutes. The survey was centered on such questions as whether the current state of higher education satisfies the needs of innovative, science intensive industries; on the role of corporate education; on how the special professional education is evolving and what are the major barriers for its development. The survey has demonstrated that higher education institutes are rather passive in terms of initiating new educational techniques; the gap between needs of science-based industries and quality of university graduates is still big. Moreover, higher education institutes are losing in competition with new, mostly digital, forms of education that the open market is suggesting. Corporate education in its current form is mostly affordable for large state companies while small and medium-size enterprises are looking for intermediaries at the market that may help them to identify and train new workforce.
{"title":"Российское образование для инновационной экономики: «болевые точки»","authors":"I. Dezhina, Grigoriy A. Klucharev","doi":"10.31857/S013216250001957-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250001957-5","url":null,"abstract":"The paper is focused on the problems of continuous education in Russia that is playing a growing role while the country is moving towards innovative economy. The continuous education may be implemented in various forms, from university and online courses to companies-based supplementary post-graduate education. The study is based on the results of a survey conducted among 80 experts that represent stakeholders in the Russian innovation system. The interviews were conducted in 2016–2017 in 12 regions of Russia with experts, employed in federal and regional administrations, venture and investment funds, institutes for development, technology parks, incubators, paten offices, private companies, universities, and research institutes. The survey was centered on such questions as whether the current state of higher education satisfies the needs of innovative, science intensive industries; on the role of corporate education; on how the special professional education is evolving and what are the major barriers for its development. The survey has demonstrated that higher education institutes are rather passive in terms of initiating new educational techniques; the gap between needs of science-based industries and quality of university graduates is still big. Moreover, higher education institutes are losing in competition with new, mostly digital, forms of education that the open market is suggesting. Corporate education in its current form is mostly affordable for large state companies while small and medium-size enterprises are looking for intermediaries at the market that may help them to identify and train new workforce.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"20 1","pages":"40-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87609973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-09DOI: 10.31857/S013216250001962-1
G. Borshchevskiy
In this article we explore the specifics of career and recruitment channels for the senior civil servants (SCS) in Russian federal ministries using methods of document analysis, content analysis of the websites, comparative biographical analysis, regression-correlation and factor analysis. We introduce the concept of the SCS in the Russian practice. We hypothese the recruitment methods and the relationship between the type of career of the SCS and the effectiveness of the ministries, based on a sample of 381 biographies of the active SCS. We show that career bureaucrats and technocrats prevail among the SCS, but the share of political appointees in the ministerial corps is high. The SCS can be refered to as elite of the society by their characteristics. The SCS layer is heterogeneous, and the predominance of the command principle of the SCS recruitment was not confirmed. The ministries, headed by career bureaucrats, successfully implement public programs; the dynamics of development in the sectors they lead are higher. We propose to create in Russia a Service of Senior Civil Servants with the functions of selecting and evaluating the SCS.
{"title":"Recruitment Mechanisms and Effectiveness of the Federal Administrative Elite","authors":"G. Borshchevskiy","doi":"10.31857/S013216250001962-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/S013216250001962-1","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we explore the specifics of career and recruitment channels for the senior civil servants (SCS) in Russian federal ministries using methods of document analysis, content analysis of the websites, comparative biographical analysis, regression-correlation and factor analysis. We introduce the concept of the SCS in the Russian practice. We hypothese the recruitment methods and the relationship between the type of career of the SCS and the effectiveness of the ministries, based on a sample of 381 biographies of the active SCS. We show that career bureaucrats and technocrats prevail among the SCS, but the share of political appointees in the ministerial corps is high. The SCS can be refered to as elite of the society by their characteristics. The SCS layer is heterogeneous, and the predominance of the command principle of the SCS recruitment was not confirmed. The ministries, headed by career bureaucrats, successfully implement public programs; the dynamics of development in the sectors they lead are higher. We propose to create in Russia a Service of Senior Civil Servants with the functions of selecting and evaluating the SCS.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"6 1","pages":"80-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85852190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-09DOI: 10.31857/s013216250001958-6
G. Zborovsky
The subject of the study was the phenomenon of distancing and dissociation of students and teachers in Russian universities. The prevalence of this phenomenon both abroad and in Russia is shown. The reasons for weakening of connections between educational communities in universities are discussed. They are associated with the changed nature of training, emergence of new technologies. E-learning, distance and online education have a serious impact on the dissociation of teachers and students. Many students are increasingly seeking self-reliance and independence. Social aspects of separation of two educational communities from each other are considered. However, according to the authors’ research, both educational communities are not ready for isolationist practices of higher education. They consider their own mutual «rejection» as a violation of Russian mentality traditions of collectivity and trust in each other. It is shown that the inconsistency of the real processes of distancing and subjective aspirations of the majority of students and teachers to overcome it gives rise to the need to find ways to «be together». A number of these paths are associated with the transition to a new model of higher education, based on non-linear strategies for the development of university educational communities. Attention is drawn to the possibility of strengthening communication between students and teachers in the educational process and scientific creativity. The article is written on the materials of the research conducted in 2017 by students and teachers of universities of the Ural Federal district, the subject of which were the links and interactions between these communities.
{"title":"Is it Possible to be Together, being Apart: Students and Teachers at the University","authors":"G. Zborovsky","doi":"10.31857/s013216250001958-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s013216250001958-6","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the study was the phenomenon of distancing and dissociation of students and teachers in Russian universities. The prevalence of this phenomenon both abroad and in Russia is shown. The reasons for weakening of connections between educational communities in universities are discussed. They are associated with the changed nature of training, emergence of new technologies. E-learning, distance and online education have a serious impact on the dissociation of teachers and students. Many students are increasingly seeking self-reliance and independence. Social aspects of separation of two educational communities from each other are considered. However, according to the authors’ research, both educational communities are not ready for isolationist practices of higher education. They consider their own mutual «rejection» as a violation of Russian mentality traditions of collectivity and trust in each other. It is shown that the inconsistency of the real processes of distancing and subjective aspirations of the majority of students and teachers to overcome it gives rise to the need to find ways to «be together». A number of these paths are associated with the transition to a new model of higher education, based on non-linear strategies for the development of university educational communities. Attention is drawn to the possibility of strengthening communication between students and teachers in the educational process and scientific creativity. The article is written on the materials of the research conducted in 2017 by students and teachers of universities of the Ural Federal district, the subject of which were the links and interactions between these communities.","PeriodicalId":85741,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of sociological studies","volume":"48 1","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73755002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-11-09DOI: 10.31857/S013216250001955-3
Yu. Shkurko
Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и Правительства Ульяновской области в рамках научного проекта № 18-411-730014 р_а В последние годы наблюдается рост интереса со стороны нейробиологии, нейронауки, поведенческой генетики, эволюционной биологии, социальной нейронауки к традиционным проблемам социологии. Одна из тем, попавшая в фокус внимания этих дисциплин – механизмы иерархии доминирования (в традиции социологии известна как проблема социального неравенства). Несмотря на релевантность, результаты этих исследований по большей части остаются вне внимания социологов. Исключительными пока являются усилия немногих представителей социологического сообщества, работающих в русле новых исследовательских областей – нейросоциологии и эволюционной социологии. В настоящей статье, с учетом уровня развития указанных направлений, предпринята попытка приложения эволюционной теории совместно с результатами нейронаучных исследований к проблеме социального неравенства. Проанализированы поведенческие биограммы (биологические предрасположенности): агрессивность, иерархия доминирования, связь матери и ребенка, доминирование мужчин, табу на инцест, территориальность, в качестве эволюционных источников социального неравенства в современном обществе.
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