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On the Use and Misuses of Preregistration: A Reply to Klonsky (2024) 论预先登记的使用和误用:答复克隆斯基 (2024)
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241275256
Colin E. Vize, Nathaniel L. Phillips, Joshua D. Miller, Donald R. Lynam
In his commentary, Klonsky outlines several arguments for why preregistration mandates (PRMs) will have a negative impact on the field. Klonsky’s overarching concern is that when preregistration ceases to be a tool for research and becomes an indicator of quality itself (a primary example being preregistration badges), it loses its intended benefits. Separate from his concerns surrounding policies such as preregistration badges, Klonsky also critiques the practice of preregistration itself, arguing that it can impede our use of other valuable research tools (e.g., multiverse analyses and exploratory analyses). We provide a response to Klonsky’s concerns about preregistration and related policies. First, we provide conceptual clarification on the purpose of preregistration, which was missing in Klonsky’s commentary. Second, with a clearer conceptual framework, we not only highlight where some of Klonsky’s concerns are warranted but also highlight where Klonsky’s concerns, critiques, and proposed alternatives to the use of preregistration fall short. Third, with this conceptual understanding of preregistration, we briefly outline some challenges related to the effective implementation of preregistration in psychological science.
克隆斯基在其评论中概述了几个论点,说明为什么预注册授权(PRMs)会对该领域产生负面影响。Klonsky 最关心的问题是,当预注册不再是一种研究工具,而成为一种质量指标时(一个主要的例子就是预注册徽章),预注册就失去了其应有的益处。除了对预注册徽章等政策的担忧,克隆斯基还对预注册实践本身提出了批评,他认为预注册会阻碍我们使用其他有价值的研究工具(例如多元宇宙分析和探索性分析)。我们对克隆斯基对预注册及相关政策的担忧做出了回应。首先,我们从概念上澄清了预注册的目的,这在克隆斯基的评论中是缺失的。其次,有了更清晰的概念框架,我们不仅强调了克隆斯基的某些担忧是有道理的,而且还强调了克隆斯基的担忧、批评以及对使用预登记提出的替代方案的不足之处。第三,有了对预注册的概念性理解,我们简要概述了在心理科学中有效实施预注册所面临的一些挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Anchoring Vignettes: A Useful Tool to Measure and Correct for Cultural Bias in Parent Reports on Their Child's Mental Health? 锚定小故事:衡量和纠正家长对子女心理健康报告中的文化偏见的有用工具?
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241273446
Ronja A Runge, Renate Soellner

Parent report measures developed in the Western world are commonly used to assess children's mental health, but their cross-cultural comparability is questionable. The present study examines the use of anchoring vignettes to assess and adjust for bias in five countries: the United States, Mexico, Germany, China, and Russia. Parents (N = 500) rated their child's mental health and vignettes depicting internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in an online survey. Vignette ratings were used to assess bias and for rescaling. Cross-national comparisons of vignette scores revealed differences in the use of the scale range and overall level of vignette scores. Measurement invariance across countries improved after rescaling, resulting in weak invariance for internalizing and strong invariance for externalizing problem behavior. Rescaled scores revealed cross-national differences that were masked using the raw score. Results confirm the lacking cross-national comparability in parent reports of child mental health, and anchoring vignettes appear to be a useful tool for reducing bias.

西方国家开发的家长报告测量方法通常用于评估儿童的心理健康,但其跨文化可比性却令人怀疑。本研究考察了美国、墨西哥、德国、中国和俄罗斯五个国家使用锚定小故事评估和调整偏差的情况。家长(500 人)在一项在线调查中对其子女的心理健康和描述内化和外化问题行为的小故事进行评分。小插图评分用于评估偏差和重定标。小插图评分的跨国比较显示,量表范围的使用和小插图评分的总体水平存在差异。经过重新标度后,各国间的测量不变性有所改善,内化问题行为的不变性较弱,而外化问题行为的不变性较强。重新标定的分数揭示了原始分数所掩盖的跨国差异。结果证实,家长对儿童心理健康的报告缺乏跨国可比性,而锚定小故事似乎是减少偏差的有用工具。
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引用次数: 0
Non-Gaussian Liability Distribution for Depression in the General Population. 普通人群抑郁症的非高斯责任分布。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1177/10731911241275327
Anna Talkkari, Tom H Rosenström

Unlike depression sum scores, the underlying risk for depression is typically assumed to be normally distributed across the general population. To assess the true empirical shape of depression risk, we created a continuous-valued estimate of the latent depression density, using the Davidian-Curve Item Response Theory (DC-IRT) and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cohorts from 2005 to 2018 (n = 36,244 on the Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9). We conducted simulations to investigate the performance of DC-IRT for large samples and realistic items. The method can recover complex latent-risk distributions even when they are not evident from sum scores. However, estimation accuracy for different sample sizes depends on the method of model selection. In addition to full-data analysis, random samples of a few thousand observations were drawn for analysis. The latent shape of depression was left-skewed and bimodal in both investigations, indicating that the latent-normality assumption does not hold for depression.

与抑郁总分不同,抑郁的潜在风险通常被假定为在一般人群中呈正态分布。为了评估抑郁风险的真实经验形状,我们利用戴维曲线项目反应理论(DC-IRT)和 2005 年至 2018 年的美国国家健康与营养调查(NHANES)队列(九项患者健康问卷;PHQ-9 的 n = 36,244 人),创建了潜在抑郁密度的连续值估计。我们进行了模拟,以研究 DC-IRT 在大样本和现实项目中的性能。即使在总分不明显的情况下,该方法也能恢复复杂的潜在风险分布。然而,不同样本量的估计精度取决于模型选择方法。除了全数据分析外,我们还随机抽取了几千个样本进行分析。在这两项调查中,抑郁的潜在形状都是左斜和双峰的,这表明抑郁的潜在正态性假设并不成立。
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引用次数: 0
Further Evidence for a Dimensional Latent Structure of Health Anxiety: Taxometric Analyses of the Whiteley Index Based on Two German Representative Samples. 健康焦虑维度潜结构的进一步证据:基于两个德国代表性样本的怀特利指数分类分析。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231219802
Anne-Kathrin Bräscher, Elmar Brähler, Winfried Häuser, Michael Witthöft

Health anxiety is an intricate part of illness anxiety and somatic symptom disorder. Based on convenience samples, two out of three available studies indicate that it is a dimensional rather than a categorical construct. Using two representative datasets, this study investigates whether previous results can be clarified. Conventional taxometric analyses as well as comparison curve fit indices (CCFI) profile analyses (MAMBAC and MAXSLOPE procedures) were calculated with two datasets of the German adult population assessing the Whiteley Index (WI-14, N = 2,072; WI-7, N = 2,498). Mean CCFIs indicated a dimensional structure for both the WI-7 (mean CCFI = 0.42, mean CCFI profile = 0.40) and the WI-14 (mean CCFI = 0.44, mean CCFI profile = 0.32). The results support and extend previous findings by strongly suggesting a dimensional distribution of health anxiety in the general population. Implications for research and practice comprise the adoption of a dimensional description of psychopathology as well as transdiagnostic treatment approaches.

健康焦虑是疾病焦虑和躯体症状障碍的一个复杂组成部分。基于方便样本,现有的三项研究中有两项表明,健康焦虑是一个维度而非分类结构。本研究使用两个具有代表性的数据集,探讨是否可以澄清之前的结果。通过对德国成年人的两个数据集(WI-14,N = 2,072;WI-7,N = 2,498)进行怀特利指数评估,计算了传统的分类计量分析以及比较曲线拟合指数(CCFI)轮廓分析(MAMBAC 和 MAXSLOPE 程序)。平均 CCFI 显示,WI-7(平均 CCFI = 0.42,平均 CCFI 剖面 = 0.40)和 WI-14(平均 CCFI = 0.44,平均 CCFI 剖面 = 0.32)均具有维度结构。研究结果支持并扩展了之前的研究结果,有力地说明了健康焦虑在普通人群中的维度分布。研究和实践的意义包括采用心理病理学的维度描述以及跨诊断治疗方法。
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引用次数: 0
Investigating the PHQ-9 With Mokken Scale Analysis and Cognitive Interviews. 利用莫肯量表分析和认知访谈调查 PHQ-9。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231216961
Kristín Hulda Kristófersdóttir, Hafrún Kristjánsdóttir, Ragnhildur Lilja Asgeirsdottir, Thorlakur Karlsson, Vaka Vésteinsdóttir, Fanney Thorsdottir

Scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) are frequently used to assess depression both in research and in clinical practice. The aim was to examine the validity of the PHQ-9 sum score by using Mokken scale analysis (Study I) and cognitive interviews (Study II) on the Icelandic version of PHQ-9. A primary care sample of 618 individuals was used in Study I. The results indicate that the PHQ-9 items are not close enough to perfectly unidimensional for their sum score to accurately order people on the depression severity dimension. In Study II, the sample consisted of 53 individuals, with 28 having a history of depression and 25 not. The findings reveal a number of issues concerning respondents' use of the PHQ-9. No systematic differences were found in the results of the two groups. The PHQ-9 sum score should thus be interpreted and used with great care. We provide scale revision recommendations to improve the quality of PHQ-9.

在研究和临床实践中,患者健康问卷-9(PHQ-9)的分数经常被用来评估抑郁症。本研究旨在通过对冰岛版 PHQ-9 进行莫肯量表分析(研究 I)和认知访谈(研究 II),检验 PHQ-9 总分的有效性。结果表明,PHQ-9 的项目不够接近完美的单维度,因此其总分不能准确地对抑郁严重程度维度进行排序。在研究 II 中,样本由 53 人组成,其中 28 人有抑郁症病史,25 人没有。研究结果表明,受访者在使用 PHQ-9 时存在一些问题。两组受访者的结果未发现系统性差异。因此,在解释和使用 PHQ-9 总分时应非常谨慎。我们提出了量表修订建议,以提高 PHQ-9 的质量。
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引用次数: 0
Development and Validation of the Fearlessness About Suicide Scale. 自杀恐惧量表的编制和验证。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231200866
William Grunewald, Natalie M Perkins, Min Eun Jeon, E David Klonsky, Thomas E Joiner, April R Smith

Recent work has identified fearlessness about suicide, rather than fearlessness about death, as more theoretically relevant in the assessment of capability for suicide and thus a more appropriate construct of measurement. The aim of the current project was to develop and validate a scale specifically assessing fearlessness about suicide. Across two studies, support for a 7-item, single-factor structure of the Fearlessness About Suicide Scale (FSS) emerged. The FSS factor structure demonstrated a good fit in the first study and was replicated in the second study. Measurement invariance was examined across those identifying as men and women and found to be comparable. The FSS also demonstrated test-rest reliability and good convergent and divergent validity in community and undergraduate samples. Overall, findings indicate that the FSS has a replicable factor structure that generalizes across those identifying as men and women and may better assess components of capability for suicide than existing scales.

最近的研究表明,对自杀的无畏,而不是对死亡的无畏,在评估自杀能力方面更具理论相关性,因此是一种更合适的测量结构。目前项目的目的是开发和验证一种专门评估对自杀的恐惧程度的量表。在两项研究中,出现了对自杀恐惧量表(FSS)7项单因素结构的支持。FSS因子结构在第一项研究中表现出良好的拟合性,并在第二项研究中得到了复制。对男性和女性的测量不变性进行了检查,发现其具有可比性。FSS在社区和本科生样本中也证明了测试休息的可靠性和良好的收敛和发散有效性。总的来说,研究结果表明,FSS具有可复制的因子结构,可推广到男性和女性,并可能比现有量表更好地评估自杀能力的组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Examination of Acceptability, Feasibility, and Iatrogenic Effects of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) of Suicidal Ideation. 研究自杀意念生态瞬间评估 (EMA) 的可接受性、可行性和先天性影响。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231216053
L M M Kivelä, F Fiß, W van der Does, N Antypa

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) can be used to examine the dynamics of suicidal ideation in daily life. While the general acceptability and feasibility of EMA in suicide research has been established, further examination of potential iatrogenic effects (i.e., negative reactivity) and identifying those more likely to react negatively is needed. Participants (N = 82) with current suicidal ideation completed 21 days of EMA (4×/day) and filled in M = 78% (Med = 84%) of the EMA. No positive or negative affect reactivity was observed in EMA ratings over the study period. Retrospectively, most participants rated their experience as positive (69%); 22% indicated mood worsening, and 18% suicidal ideation reactivity. Those with more borderline personality traits, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and higher depressive, anxiety, and suicidal ideation symptoms, were more likely to report iatrogenic effects. In conclusion, while high compliance rates and lack of affect reactivity during EMA indicate that EMA is well tolerated in suicide research, a minority of participants may report subjective mood effects in retrospect.

生态瞬间评估(EMA)可用于研究日常生活中自杀意念的动态变化。虽然 EMA 在自杀研究中的普遍可接受性和可行性已经得到证实,但仍需进一步研究其潜在的先天效应(即消极反应性),并确定哪些人更有可能做出消极反应。有自杀意念的参与者(N = 82)完成了 21 天的 EMA(4×/天),填写了 M = 78% (Med = 84%)的 EMA。在研究期间,EMA 评分中未观察到积极或消极情绪反应。回顾过去,大多数参与者对自己的经历给予了积极评价(69%);22%的人表示情绪恶化,18%的人有自杀倾向。有更多边缘型人格特征、创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)以及更严重的抑郁、焦虑和自杀意念症状的人更有可能报告先天性影响。总之,虽然 EMA 的依从率高且在 EMA 过程中没有情绪反应,这表明 EMA 在自杀研究中的耐受性良好,但少数参与者可能会在事后报告主观情绪影响。
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引用次数: 0
Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire: Norms for Adults in Higher Levels of Care. 饮食失调检查问卷:高护理水平成年人的规范。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231208386
Renee D Rienecke, Philip S Mehler, Alan Duffy, Daniel Le Grange, Carol B Peterson, Dan V Blalock

Establishing normative data for questionnaires is essential for the accurate interpretation of scores, given that these norms can vary according to different subpopulations and treatment contexts. The purpose of this study was to establish norms for the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) among adults receiving higher levels of care (HLOCs) for the treatment of eating disorders. Participants were 2,283 people receiving treatment at the inpatient, residential, partial hospitalization, or intensive outpatient levels of care. The EDE-Q was completed at admission. Patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting subtype (AN-R) had the lowest EDE-Q Global scores when compared with all other eating disorder diagnoses. When compared with intensive outpatient care, only those in residential treatment had higher EDE-Q Global scores. This study is among the first to describe norms for the EDE-Q in a large sample of adults receiving various HLOCs. Programs utilizing the EDE-Q to assess treatment outcomes can use these findings to aid people in interpreting their scores.

为问卷建立规范性数据对于准确解释分数至关重要,因为这些规范可能因不同的亚群体和治疗环境而异。本研究的目的是在接受高水平饮食障碍治疗(HLOC)的成年人中建立饮食障碍检查问卷(EDE-Q)的规范。参与者包括2283名接受住院、住院、部分住院或重症门诊治疗的患者。EDE-Q在入院时完成。与所有其他饮食障碍诊断相比,神经性厌食症限制性亚型(AN-R)患者的EDE-Q总分最低。与门诊重症监护相比,只有住院治疗的患者EDE-Q Global评分更高。这项研究是第一批描述接受各种HLOC的大样本成年人EDE-Q规范的研究之一。利用EDE-Q评估治疗结果的项目可以利用这些发现来帮助人们解释他们的得分。
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引用次数: 0
The Development of the Five-Factor Schizoid Inventory. 五因素类裂殖动物清单的发展。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231209289
Neil A Meyer, Katherine E Hein, Donald R Lynam, Thomas A Widiger, Stephanie N Mullins-Sweatt

The current study sought to provide evidence for a measure of schizoid personality disorder (SZD PD) traits using the Five-Factor Model framework of personality. In the first study, undergraduate participants (n = 496) completed the Five-Factor Schizoid Inventory (FFZI) and other self-report measures. The first half of the sample was used to develop the FFZI, while the second half was used to validate it. The FFZI demonstrated excellent internal consistency, convergent validity with measures of SZD PD and hypothesized IPIP-NEO facets, and discriminant validity with other PDs and non-hypothesized IPIP-NEO facets. The second study recruited MTurk participants (n = 181) and demonstrated preliminary support for the reliability and validity of the FFZI in an online, community sample. Ultimately, these data suggest that the FFZI is a useful measure of SZD PD and provide further evidence that SZD PD can be conceptualized as a maladaptive extension of introversion traits.

目前的研究试图使用人格的五因素模型框架为测量精神分裂症人格障碍(SZD PD)特征提供证据。在第一项研究中,本科生参与者(n=496)完成了五因素Schizoid量表(FFZI)和其他自我报告测量。样本的前半部分用于开发FFZI,后半部分用于验证。FFZI表现出良好的内部一致性,与SZD PD和假设的IPIP-NEO方面的测量具有收敛有效性,与其他PD和非假设的IPIP NEO方面具有判别有效性。第二项研究招募了MTurk参与者(n=181),并在在线社区样本中证明了对FFZI的可靠性和有效性的初步支持。最终,这些数据表明,FFZI是SZD PD的一种有用的测量方法,并提供了进一步的证据,证明SZD PD可以被概念化为内向性状的不适应延伸。
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引用次数: 0
Psychometric Evaluation of an Adapted Short-Form Spirituality Scale in a Sample of Predominantly White Adults in an Inpatient Substance Use Disorder Treatment Program. 在药物使用障碍住院治疗项目中,对以白人为主的成人样本中改编的短式精神量表进行心理计量学评估。
IF 3.5 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231217478
Emily M Britton, Radia Taisir, Alysha Cooper, Shannon Remers, Yelena Chorny, Onawa LaBelle, Brian Rush, James MacKillop, Mary Jean Costello

Spirituality is an important aspect of treatment and recovery for substance use disorders (SUDs), but ambiguities in measurement can make it difficult to incorporate as part of routine care. We evaluated the psychometric properties of an adapted short-form version of the Spirituality Scale (the Spirituality Scale-Short-Form; SS-SF) for use in SUD treatment settings. Participants were adult patients (N = 1,388; Mage = 41.23 years, SDage = 11.55; 68% male; 86% White) who entered a large, clinically mixed inpatient SUD treatment program. Factor analysis supported the two-dimensional structure, with factors representing Self-Discovery and Transcendent Connection. Tests of measurement invariance demonstrated that the scale was invariant across age and gender subgroups. The SS-SF exhibited convergent and concurrent validity via associations with participation in spiritual activities, hopefulness, life satisfaction, 12-step participation, and depressive symptoms. Finally, scores on the SS-SF were significantly higher at discharge compared to admission, demonstrating short-term sensitivity to change. These findings support use of the SS-SF as a concise, psychometrically sound measure of spirituality in the context of substance use treatment.

灵性是药物使用障碍(SUD)治疗和康复的一个重要方面,但由于测量方法不明确,很难将其作为常规护理的一部分。我们评估了灵性量表改编简表(灵性量表-简表;SS-SF)在药物滥用障碍治疗环境中使用的心理测量特性。参与者为成年患者(N = 1,388;Mage = 41.23 岁,SDage = 11.55;68% 为男性;86% 为白人),他们进入了一个大型的临床混合型 SUD 住院治疗项目。因子分析支持二维结构,因子代表自我发现和超越连接。测量不变性测试表明,该量表在不同年龄和性别的亚组中具有不变性。通过与精神活动参与度、希望感、生活满意度、12 步参与度和抑郁症状的关联,SS-SF 表现出收敛性和并发有效性。最后,与入院时相比,出院时的 SS-SF 分数明显更高,这表明了对变化的短期敏感性。这些研究结果支持在药物使用治疗中使用 SS-SF 作为一种简明的、心理测量学上可靠的精神测量方法。
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引用次数: 0
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