Assessment最新文献

We revised 2/14 items on the Multiple Errands Test-Home (MET-Home). We compared the original and the revision and accounted for clinical/demographic covariates of interest. Archival data (N = 144) from neurologically healthy participants (n = 44 revised version, n = 34 original) and survivors of stroke (29 revised version, n = 37 original) were analyzed. We calculated internal consistency and assessed external validity via correlations with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Barthel Index, and Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale (NEADL). We provided preliminary reference data (n = 78). MET-Home versions were not statistically different on key outcome scores (p > .05). MET-Home was internally consistent (α = .63 original, α = .80 revised, p = .07). Correlations between MET-Home and external measures were moderate (MoCA: r = .56, p < .001; Barthel: r = .46, p < .001; NEADL: r = .35, p < .001). The revised MET-Home is not statistically different to the original and is just as internally consistent, and we have further evidence of the test's validity. We caution the lack of comprehensive (age and education corrected) normative data.

Sexual violence includes a wide variety of behaviors, ranging from harassment to coercion, to rape, to sexual homicide. Although the criminal justice system distinguishes these forms of sexual violence, several studies have suggested that they represent different degrees of severity of an underlying continuum, named the Agonistic Continuum. Such model proposes that sub-categories of sexual violence share a core, unifying construct. The aim of the present study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of a new Agonistic scale. Classical test theory, exploratory factor analyses, taxometric analyses, and two-parameter item response theory analyses were conducted on a combined sample of MTurk workers and university students. Analyses revealed that the new 30-item Agonistic scale is psychometrically sound. These results have several implications, ranging from moving away from the arbitrary categorization of sexual violence to encompassing the last decade of research on harassment and coercion following the #MeToo movement.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer or questioning (LGBTQ+) people experience marginalization, negatively impacting their social, physical, and other mental health outcomes. Studies on LGBTQ+ people utilize scales developed largely for cisgender and heterosexual (cis-hetero) people. This study explored the factor structure, construct validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) using a sample of 1,436 adults in the United States. Roughly one-fifth of the sample identified as gender-diverse (19.08%; n = 274), as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer or a sexual orientation other than straight (20.61%; n = 296), and from a race or ethnicity other than White (20.06%; n = 288). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) supported a three-factor measurement model of the MSPSS with gender-diverse people and people who have a marginalized sexual orientation. Invariance tests revealed thresholds were similar across the cis-hetero, marginalized sexual orientations, and gender-diverse groups, supporting measurement invariance. Further, the MSPSS had good internal reliability and convergent construct validity, suggesting sufficient psychometric evidence for use of the MSPSS with people marginalized based on gender and sexual orientation.

Abundant critiques of the categorical approach to personality disorders (PD) resulted in the launch of the 11th International Classification of Diseases dimensional (ICD-11) model. This model provides stylistic descriptions of PD expression by trait levels of Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Dissociality, Disinhibition, and Anankastia. Earlier studies on the structure of ICD-11 maladaptive traits with the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), provided support for a four-factor solution, yet age-invariance was not examined. Assessment can be hindered by age-biased PD features. Therefore, the current study demonstrated scalar measurement invariance of the four-factor solution in a sample of 685 younger and 223 older community dwelling adults. Older adults scored significantly lower than younger adults on Negative Affectivity and Dissociality, yet the relations between PiCD trait domains and measures of personality pathology were largely comparable across age groups. These results are promising for accurate measurement of maladaptive traits across the whole adult lifespan.

Past research shows strong links between object attachment and hoarding but has relied on poorly validated measures of object attachment. The Object Attachment Security Measure (OASM; David & Norberg, 2022b) was developed to address this limitation. This study evaluates the construct validity and measurement invariance of the OASM across age groups, genders, and hoarding severity. Participants were 777 individuals recruited via Prolific. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the correlated two-factor structure with two subscales: secure object attachment (SOA) and insecure object attachment (IOA). Measurement invariance testing showed strict invariance across age, gender, and hoarding severity. SOA and IOA had moderate to strong correlations with hoarding, and weaker associations with other psychopathology. IOA showed stronger correlations with hoarding than SOA, and the relationship between SOA and hoarding was no longer significant after accounting for IOA. These findings support the construct validity of OASM and reaffirm the central role of insecure object attachment in hoarding.

Given the high prevalence of institutional violence within the Mexican prison system, the need for validated risk assessment measures is urgent. However, research on the predictive validity of such tools has been limited mainly to White, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic samples. This prospective study used quantitative methods to examine the effectiveness of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) in predicting institutional violence in a sample of incarcerated individuals in Mexico over 3 months. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and prison record reviews from 114 adult males in a medium-security prison in Mexico City. Results showed that the PCL-R total score, Factor 2, and Facets 1, 3 and 4 were significant predictors of institutional violence. These findings have practical implications for risk assessment and management within Mexican correctional populations. Recommendations are offered to enhance the methodological rigor of future research endeavors in this area.

The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ), a widely used index of parenting, assesses authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive dimensions; however, there is little rigorous work to support this structure. In addition, research on the PSDQ has focused on maternal self-reports, leaving the structure of paternal self-reports and informant-reported caregiving poorly understood. We examined the structure of the PSDQ for mother and father self- and informant-report versions, using exploratory factor analyses, in 401 caregivers with 3-year-old children (Sample 1). A three-factor structure showed the best but not consistently acceptable fit; this was supported by confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) conducted in a sample of 510 caregivers (Sample 2). Removing redundant items improved the fit of the CFAs, such that it was acceptable based on certain indices (i.e., RMSEA and SRMR). These findings support the continued use of the three-factor structure; however, they also indicate that certain items are not useful toward assessing contemporary parenting.

Experimental cognitive tests are designed to measure particular cognitive domains, although evidence supporting test validity is often limited. The Consortium for Neuropsychiatric Phenomics test battery administered 23 experimental and traditional neuropsychological tests to a large sample of community volunteers (n = 1,059) and patients with psychiatric diagnoses (n = 137), providing a unique opportunity to examine convergent validity with factor analysis. Traditional tests included subtests from the Wechsler and Delis-Kaplan batteries, while experimental tests included the Attention Networks Test, Balloon Analogue Risk Task, Delay Discounting Task, Remember-Know, Reversal Learning Task, Scene Recognition, Spatial and Verbal Capacity and Manipulation Tasks, Stop-Signal Task, and Task Switching. Several experimental cognitive measures were insufficiently related to other tests and were excluded from factor analyses. In the remaining 18 tests, exploratory factor analysis and subsequent multigroup confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure broadly corresponding to domains of verbal/working memory, inhibitory control, and memory. In sum, several experimental measures of inhibitory control had weak relationships with all other tests, while the convergent validity of most tests of working memory and memory was supported.

The Multidimensional Jealousy Scale is the standard instrument to assess cognitive, emotional, and behavioral jealousy. We examined competing factor models and external correlations with broad and narrow traits. Across two studies, we analyzed four samples (N_total = 2,117). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the measurement model of three correlated factors in comparison to unidimensional, second-order, and bifactor models. Thus, speaking against the use of a total score. Furthermore, we found measurement invariance between romantic partners. We extended the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (MJS)' nomological net to personality pathology and replicated prior findings of associations with broad and narrow traits. Study 2 examined longitudinal data (5- to 9-month lag) from couples. Actor-Partner Interdependence Model analyses showed that the MJS predicts facets of relationship satisfaction in actors and partners. We discuss potential avenues for revising the MJS (e.g., heteronormative item wordings).

With the advent of the new diagnostic model for personality disorders in the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), researchers and practitioners in World Health Organization signatory countries are urged to implement it. This study aims to develop a brief, reliable, and valid scale for assessing maladaptive personality traits according to the ICD-11 model, using the item pool of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (IDCP-2). Quantitative and qualitative criteria for item selection were applied to a sample of 251 Brazilian adults. As a result, the 25 items (five items per factor) were selected, demonstrating promising evidence of validity based on the internal structure with a database of 1,659 Brazilian adults. In addition, we found good evidence of validity based on relationships with external variables, particularly those related to personality pathology, in a sample of 617 Brazilian adults. The implications of these findings are discussed.