Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2592
R. D. Mantai, J. G. D. Silva, I. Carvalho, F. Lautenchleger, R. Carbonera, L. A. Rasia, A. R. Kraisig, V. Pansera, O. Alessi, J. A. D. Rosa, Eduarda Warmbier, N. Basso, E. Matter
Understanding the magnitude of contribution and relationships of industrial quality components to yield by nitrogen stimulation can drive strategies with benefits to the food industry. The objective of this study is to measure and interpret the contribution and relationship dynamics of the components of oat industrial quality with grain and industry yield by nitrogen stimulation, partitioning the correlation values in direct and indirect effects by path diagnosis, in proposing strategies that promote benefits to the food industry. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2016, in a randomized block design with four replications in 4x2 factorial for nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha -1 ) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) in separate environments soybean/oat and corn/oat succession system. The increase of nitrogen promoted greater change in the mass of caryopsis in soybean/oat system and the thousand grain mass and number of grains greater than 2 mm in corn/oat system, with a tendency of reduction. In soybean/oat system, grain and industry yields can be simultaneously incremented by direct increase via one thousand grain mass and indirect increase by caryopsis mass. In corn/oat system the grain yield does not show any relationship with industrial quality variables. However, the industral productivity is benefited by the increase of the number of grains larger than 2 mm. The management proposition in the improvement of the grain and industry productivity characteristics by nitrogen is dependent on the high succession and reduced N-residual release systems.
了解工业质量成分对氮刺激产量的贡献和关系的大小可以推动有利于食品工业的战略。本研究的目的是通过氮刺激测量和解释燕麦工业品质成分与粮食和工业产量的贡献和关系动态，通过路径诊断划分直接和间接影响的相关值，提出促进食品工业效益的策略。本研究于2011 - 2016年在大豆/燕麦和玉米/燕麦演替系统中，采用随机区组设计，4 × 2因子4个重复，分别对施氮量(0、30、60和120 kg ha -1)和燕麦品种(Barbarasul和Brisasul)进行试验。施氮量的增加促进大豆/燕麦体系颖果质量变化较大，玉米/燕麦体系千粒重和大于2mm粒数变化较大，且有降低趋势。在大豆/燕麦系统中，通过千粒重的直接增加和颖果质量的间接增加可以同时增加粮食和工业产量。在玉米/燕麦体系中，粮食产量与工业品质变量之间不存在任何关系。然而，大于2毫米的颗粒数量的增加有利于工业生产率的提高。利用氮素改善粮食和工业生产力特征的管理主张依赖于高演替和减少n残留释放的系统。
{"title":"Contribution of nitrogen on industrial quality of oat grain components and the dynamics of relations with yield","authors":"R. D. Mantai, J. G. D. Silva, I. Carvalho, F. Lautenchleger, R. Carbonera, L. A. Rasia, A. R. Kraisig, V. Pansera, O. Alessi, J. A. D. Rosa, Eduarda Warmbier, N. Basso, E. Matter","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2592","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the magnitude of contribution and relationships of industrial quality components to yield by nitrogen stimulation can drive strategies with benefits to the food industry. The objective of this study is to measure and interpret the contribution and relationship dynamics of the components of oat industrial quality with grain and industry yield by nitrogen stimulation, partitioning the correlation values in direct and indirect effects by path diagnosis, in proposing strategies that promote benefits to the food industry. The study was conducted from 2011 to 2016, in a randomized block design with four replications in 4x2 factorial for nitrogen rates (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha -1 ) and oat cultivars (Barbarasul and Brisasul) in separate environments soybean/oat and corn/oat succession system. The increase of nitrogen promoted greater change in the mass of caryopsis in soybean/oat system and the thousand grain mass and number of grains greater than 2 mm in corn/oat system, with a tendency of reduction. In soybean/oat system, grain and industry yields can be simultaneously incremented by direct increase via one thousand grain mass and indirect increase by caryopsis mass. In corn/oat system the grain yield does not show any relationship with industrial quality variables. However, the industral productivity is benefited by the increase of the number of grains larger than 2 mm. The management proposition in the improvement of the grain and industry productivity characteristics by nitrogen is dependent on the high succession and reduced N-residual release systems.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79773731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2730
D. B. Oliveira, C. L. Amaro, Liana Verônica Amaro, L. P. Borges, V. A. Amorim, F. S. Matos
Climatic changes and drought reduced plant growth and development. Brassinosteroids act in maintaining turgor and plant growth, increasing tolerance to water stress. The objective of the present study was to identify the effect of brassinosteroids in reducing stresses caused by water deficit in Jatropha curcas L. plants. The study was carried out in a greenhouse at the State University of Goiás, in a completely randomized block design in a factorial 2 × 5 arrangement (plants submitted to five brassinosteroids concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg L -1 ) and two levels of daily water supply (50% and 100% evapotranspiration) six replications and the plot consisted of one useful plant. A 10 mL volume of the hormone was applied 30 days after emergence and 20 mL at 60 days after emergence, totaling 30 ml. The water deficit was imposed at 70 days after emergence and the evaluations were made at 100 d after emergence. Under water deficit, production increased of reactive substances that damage membranes and proteins, but brassinosteroids played an important role in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit on J. curcas plants by acting as an elicitor in activating photoprotection mechanisms that increased vegetative growth and maintained membrane integrity. The antioxidant and growth machinery activation reached maximum points at the 8 mg L -1 brassinosteroids concentration and even higher concentrations.
气候变化和干旱减少了植物的生长和发育。油菜素内酯的作用是维持植物的膨胀和生长，增加对水分胁迫的耐受性。本研究的目的是确定油菜素内酯在减轻麻疯树植物水分亏缺胁迫中的作用。该研究在Goiás州立大学的一个温室中进行，采用完全随机区组设计，采用2 × 5因子安排(植物被施用于5种油菜素内酯浓度(0,2,4,8,16 mg L -1)和2种日供水量(50%和100%蒸散)，6次重复，地块由一种有用植物组成。在羽化后30天施用10 mL激素，在羽化后60天施用20 mL激素，共计30 mL。羽化后70天施加水分亏缺，羽化后100 d进行评价。在缺水条件下，破坏膜和蛋白质的活性物质的产生增加，但油菜素内酯在减轻水亏对麻瓜植物的有害影响方面发挥了重要作用，通过激活光保护机制，促进营养生长和维持膜的完整性。抗氧化和生长机制的激活在油菜素内酯浓度达到8 mg L -1和更高浓度时达到最大值。
{"title":"Importance of brassinosteroids in activating the antioxidant system and growth in Jatropha curcas L. plants under water deficit","authors":"D. B. Oliveira, C. L. Amaro, Liana Verônica Amaro, L. P. Borges, V. A. Amorim, F. S. Matos","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2730","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic changes and drought reduced plant growth and development. Brassinosteroids act in maintaining turgor and plant growth, increasing tolerance to water stress. The objective of the present study was to identify the effect of brassinosteroids in reducing stresses caused by water deficit in Jatropha curcas L. plants. The study was carried out in a greenhouse at the State University of Goiás, in a completely randomized block design in a factorial 2 × 5 arrangement (plants submitted to five brassinosteroids concentrations (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 mg L -1 ) and two levels of daily water supply (50% and 100% evapotranspiration) six replications and the plot consisted of one useful plant. A 10 mL volume of the hormone was applied 30 days after emergence and 20 mL at 60 days after emergence, totaling 30 ml. The water deficit was imposed at 70 days after emergence and the evaluations were made at 100 d after emergence. Under water deficit, production increased of reactive substances that damage membranes and proteins, but brassinosteroids played an important role in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit on J. curcas plants by acting as an elicitor in activating photoprotection mechanisms that increased vegetative growth and maintained membrane integrity. The antioxidant and growth machinery activation reached maximum points at the 8 mg L -1 brassinosteroids concentration and even higher concentrations.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79329400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2904
H. A. F. Andrade, R. R. S. D. S. Matos, N. Machado, Analya Roberta Fernandes Oliveira, Valdryckson Costa Garreto, Marcos Renan Lima Leite, S. Pontes, Alineaurea Florentino Silva, Francisca Gislene Albano Machado, P. Lopes
Cassava is a tuber of significant cultural and economic importance for family farming. However, cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil is characterized by low productivity, resulting from cultivation in naturally marginal soil, which can cause food insecurity to farmers in the region. The objective was to evaluate the initial development of cassava using substrates derived from decomposed residue from babassu biomass, as a supplement to the soils with low natural fertility. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six inclusion levels of babassu biomass (BB) in the substrates: S0, 100% soil; S20, 20% BB + 80% soil; S40, 40% BB + 60% soil; S60, 60% BB + 40% soil; S80, 80% BB + 20% soil; and S100, 100% BB. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The soil used in the experiment is classified as dystrophic Yellow Oxisol. At the end of the experiment, the following were evaluated: percentage of cuttings survival, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root volume, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. With the exception of the sprout diameter, the inclusion of BB in the substrates provided a significant positive effect for all analyzed variables, which demonstrates the early response capacity of cassava seedlings to the use of organic waste associated with the soil low fertility. The use of babassu biomass as an organic fertil izer improves soil fertility, stimulating the growth and development of cassava seedlings in a sustainable production system.
{"title":"Decomposed babassu biomass residue enhances the initial development of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)","authors":"H. A. F. Andrade, R. R. S. D. S. Matos, N. Machado, Analya Roberta Fernandes Oliveira, Valdryckson Costa Garreto, Marcos Renan Lima Leite, S. Pontes, Alineaurea Florentino Silva, Francisca Gislene Albano Machado, P. Lopes","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2904","url":null,"abstract":"Cassava is a tuber of significant cultural and economic importance for family farming. However, cultivation in the northeastern region of Brazil is characterized by low productivity, resulting from cultivation in naturally marginal soil, which can cause food insecurity to farmers in the region. The objective was to evaluate the initial development of cassava using substrates derived from decomposed residue from babassu biomass, as a supplement to the soils with low natural fertility. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in the municipality of Chapadinha, state of Maranhão, Brazil. The treatments consisted of six inclusion levels of babassu biomass (BB) in the substrates: S0, 100% soil; S20, 20% BB + 80% soil; S40, 40% BB + 60% soil; S60, 60% BB + 40% soil; S80, 80% BB + 20% soil; and S100, 100% BB. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The soil used in the experiment is classified as dystrophic Yellow Oxisol. At the end of the experiment, the following were evaluated: percentage of cuttings survival, leaf area, shoot length, shoot diameter, root length, root volume, aerial part dry mass and root dry mass. With the exception of the sprout diameter, the inclusion of BB in the substrates provided a significant positive effect for all analyzed variables, which demonstrates the early response capacity of cassava seedlings to the use of organic waste associated with the soil low fertility. The use of babassu biomass as an organic fertil izer improves soil fertility, stimulating the growth and development of cassava seedlings in a sustainable production system.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75387203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2503
A. C. Araújo, F. S. D. Santos, M. Costa, Karoline Thays Andrade Araújo, J. P. Gomes, W. P. Silva, A. J. M. Queiroz, G. S. Lima, L. A. A. Soares, Â. Santiago
The goal of this research was to evaluate the kinetics of thermal degradation of the hibiscus extracts powder at different temperatures and to characterize physicochemically the freeze-dried aqueous extract of the hibiscus flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) with different concentrations of maltodextrin (0, 5, 10 and 15%). The analyzed parameters were: water content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, ash, solubility, hygroscopicity, bulk and tapped density, the flowability (Carr index) and cohesiveness (Hausner ratio), lightness (L*) and intensity of red (a*) and yellow (b*). The degradation kinetics was analyzed by the determination of bioactive compounds of flavonoids, anthocyanins and color appearance parameters (lightness, intensity of red and yellow, chroma and hue angle). The increase in maltodextrin concentration resulted in increases of solubility, soluble solids content, pH and color appearance parameters; as the parameters of bulk and tapped density, hygroscopicity, water content, ash and acidity presented decreases as the proportion of additive increased, showing good flowability and low to medium cohesion. Regarding the degradation kinetics, the maltodextrin was effective in the preservation of anthocyanins and flavonoids of the freeze-dried hibiscus flower up to the temperature of 50 °C. Therefore, this work resulted in the preparation of a product derived from the freeze-drying process with and without additives and with preserved sensory attributes of high quality.
{"title":"Thermal degradation kinetics and physicochemical analysis of the freeze-dried hibiscus flower extract (Hibiscus sabdariffa)","authors":"A. C. Araújo, F. S. D. Santos, M. Costa, Karoline Thays Andrade Araújo, J. P. Gomes, W. P. Silva, A. J. M. Queiroz, G. S. Lima, L. A. A. Soares, Â. Santiago","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2503","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this research was to evaluate the kinetics of thermal degradation of the hibiscus extracts powder at different temperatures and to characterize physicochemically the freeze-dried aqueous extract of the hibiscus flower (Hibiscus sabdariffa) with different concentrations of maltodextrin (0, 5, 10 and 15%). The analyzed parameters were: water content, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, pH, ash, solubility, hygroscopicity, bulk and tapped density, the flowability (Carr index) and cohesiveness (Hausner ratio), lightness (L*) and intensity of red (a*) and yellow (b*). The degradation kinetics was analyzed by the determination of bioactive compounds of flavonoids, anthocyanins and color appearance parameters (lightness, intensity of red and yellow, chroma and hue angle). The increase in maltodextrin concentration resulted in increases of solubility, soluble solids content, pH and color appearance parameters; as the parameters of bulk and tapped density, hygroscopicity, water content, ash and acidity presented decreases as the proportion of additive increased, showing good flowability and low to medium cohesion. Regarding the degradation kinetics, the maltodextrin was effective in the preservation of anthocyanins and flavonoids of the freeze-dried hibiscus flower up to the temperature of 50 °C. Therefore, this work resulted in the preparation of a product derived from the freeze-drying process with and without additives and with preserved sensory attributes of high quality.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86910209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2729
G. M. Costa, G. Panizzon, T. Z. Oliveira, M. Costa, J. Mello, C. Nakamura, E. N. Kaneshima, B. P. Filho, T. U. Nakamura
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 are responsible for causing infections whose symptoms can vary from subclinical to severe manifestations. Cordia americana is a plant used by traditional communities for the treatment of wounds and diarrhoea, as well as infections like flu and syphilis. Scientific evidence has shown that, among other biological activities, the plant possesses antiviral properties; however, the evaluation of the in vivo toxicity of preparations of this plant is still lacking. This study assessed the in vitro anti-HSV-1 and anti-HSV-2 activity of a crude extract (CE) obtained from the leaves of C. americana, as well as its aqueous (FAq) and ethyl-acetate fractions (FAc). In addition, the in vivo toxicity of the FAq was assessed. The sulforhodamine B method was performed to determine the antiviral activity and the in vivo toxicity was evaluated according to Brazilian federal regulations. The CE, FAq, and FAc demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-1 in vitro, presenting EC50 values of 7.0±1.4, 1.5±0.35, and 7.5±3.8, respectively. The FAq also had activity against HSV-2 with an EC50 of 11.8±1.02. The toxicological study of FAq in animals showed that it had very low toxicity. No death occurred during acute or subchronic experiments, where up to 5000 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg FAq were tested respectively; and there were no signs of toxicity in the subchronic test. The results of this study, in conjunction with further studies, pave the way for a potential topical treatment for skin and mucosal diseases, such as HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections.
{"title":"Cordia americana: Evaluation of in vitro anti-herpes simplex virus activity and in vivo toxicity of leaf extracts","authors":"G. M. Costa, G. Panizzon, T. Z. Oliveira, M. Costa, J. Mello, C. Nakamura, E. N. Kaneshima, B. P. Filho, T. U. Nakamura","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2729","url":null,"abstract":"Herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and type 2 are responsible for causing infections whose symptoms can vary from subclinical to severe manifestations. Cordia americana is a plant used by traditional communities for the treatment of wounds and diarrhoea, as well as infections like flu and syphilis. Scientific evidence has shown that, among other biological activities, the plant possesses antiviral properties; however, the evaluation of the in vivo toxicity of preparations of this plant is still lacking. This study assessed the in vitro anti-HSV-1 and anti-HSV-2 activity of a crude extract (CE) obtained from the leaves of C. americana, as well as its aqueous (FAq) and ethyl-acetate fractions (FAc). In addition, the in vivo toxicity of the FAq was assessed. The sulforhodamine B method was performed to determine the antiviral activity and the in vivo toxicity was evaluated according to Brazilian federal regulations. The CE, FAq, and FAc demonstrated antiviral activity against HSV-1 in vitro, presenting EC50 values of 7.0±1.4, 1.5±0.35, and 7.5±3.8, respectively. The FAq also had activity against HSV-2 with an EC50 of 11.8±1.02. The toxicological study of FAq in animals showed that it had very low toxicity. No death occurred during acute or subchronic experiments, where up to 5000 mg/kg and 150 mg/kg FAq were tested respectively; and there were no signs of toxicity in the subchronic test. The results of this study, in conjunction with further studies, pave the way for a potential topical treatment for skin and mucosal diseases, such as HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85449597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2600
A. C. Pereira, Danielle Godinho de Araújo Perfeito, Gabriel Pereira de Souza, N. Arruda, C. G. S. Benett, Luciana Sabini da Silva
The conditions of cultivation and the management of fertilization influence the productivity and the post-harvest quality of cucumbers in an expressive way. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensorial post-harvest quality of cucumbers for canning purposes submitted to different doses of nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Goiano Federal Institute (IF Goiano), campus Urutaí and After harvest, the material was sent to the food technology laboratory located in the campus. The soil of the area is classified as Red Latosol according he cucumber cultivar used was the Cucumis sativus L. Kybria F1 hybrid, most suitable for the processing of canned foods. The experimental design was randomized blocks and five treatments (nitrogen doses 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha -1 ), and four replications. The physical parameters fruit length and diameter, fruit fresh matter, production per plant, titratable acidity (TA), pH, soluble solids (SS), moisture, ash content, and SS/TA ratio were evaluated. A sensory analysis was performed using acceptance and orderingpreference tests, in addition to an instrumental evaluation of texture. The application of different doses of nitrogen to cucumber in a protected environment influenced the production per plant and the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruits. However, the sensory quality was not affected. The doses 100 and 150 kg ha -1 of nitrogen is recommended for the production of canned cucumber.
栽培条件和施肥管理对黄瓜产量和采后品质的影响是显著的。从这个意义上说，本研究的目的是评价不同施氮量的罐头用黄瓜收获后的物理、化学和感官品质。实验在Goiano联邦研究所(IF Goiano)的温室中进行，校园Urutaí，收获后，材料被送到位于校园的食品技术实验室。根据使用的黄瓜品种为杂交黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L. Kybria F1)，土壤类型为红土，最适合加工罐头食品。试验设计采用随机区组和5个处理(氮剂量分别为0、50、100、150和200 kg ha -1)， 4个重复。对果实长度和直径、果实新鲜物质、单株产量、可滴定酸度(TA)、pH、可溶性固形物(SS)、水分、灰分含量和SS/TA比进行了评价。除了对质地进行仪器评估外，还使用接受度和排序偏好测试进行了感官分析。保护地黄瓜不同施氮量对单株产量和果实理化特性均有影响。然而，感官质量不受影响。建议在生产罐装黄瓜时施用100和150公斤/公顷的氮肥。
{"title":"Influence of application of nitrogen doses on the post-harvest quality of cucumber","authors":"A. C. Pereira, Danielle Godinho de Araújo Perfeito, Gabriel Pereira de Souza, N. Arruda, C. G. S. Benett, Luciana Sabini da Silva","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2600","url":null,"abstract":"The conditions of cultivation and the management of fertilization influence the productivity and the post-harvest quality of cucumbers in an expressive way. In this sense, the aim of this study is to evaluate the physical, chemical and sensorial post-harvest quality of cucumbers for canning purposes submitted to different doses of nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Goiano Federal Institute (IF Goiano), campus Urutaí and After harvest, the material was sent to the food technology laboratory located in the campus. The soil of the area is classified as Red Latosol according he cucumber cultivar used was the Cucumis sativus L. Kybria F1 hybrid, most suitable for the processing of canned foods. The experimental design was randomized blocks and five treatments (nitrogen doses 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg ha -1 ), and four replications. The physical parameters fruit length and diameter, fruit fresh matter, production per plant, titratable acidity (TA), pH, soluble solids (SS), moisture, ash content, and SS/TA ratio were evaluated. A sensory analysis was performed using acceptance and orderingpreference tests, in addition to an instrumental evaluation of texture. The application of different doses of nitrogen to cucumber in a protected environment influenced the production per plant and the physical-chemical characteristics of the fruits. However, the sensory quality was not affected. The doses 100 and 150 kg ha -1 of nitrogen is recommended for the production of canned cucumber.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77275763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P3130
Thiago Lopes Rosado, M. Freitas, A. D. Carvalho, H. Vieira, G. H. Vieira, Kariny Nieiro Scopel, Matheus Margon Lopes Rosado
Nitrogen is the most applied nutrient in Coffea canephora crops, due to the high requirement of the crop and low availability in most soils. The efficiency of nitrogen fertilization can be maximized by applying molybdenum, due to the role of molybdenum in the nitrate’s metabolism. This study was conducted during two coffee production cycles under field conditions. It aimed to evaluate the effects of applying molybdenum on the growth and production of conilon coffee, subjected to different amounts of nitrogen. The experiment was conducted from June 2018 to May 2020. The experimental design used was in randomized blocks, in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, the first factor being the absence and presence of molybdenum fertilization (4 kg ha -1 year -1 ) and the second factor, nitrogen doses (300, 500, 700, 900 and 1,100 kg ha -1 year -1 ) applied in five plots, during fruit development. We evaluated the conilon growth variables in each agricultural year, in addition to the yield of processed coffee and grain yield. The length of plagiotropic branches, number of nodes per side branch, number of rosettes and fruits per productive branch were closely related to the coffee yield and were influenced by the nitrogen fertilization. Increasing doses of nitrogen promoted quadratic increases in coffee yield, with addition of 35.3% and 88.9% for the 2019 and 2020 harvests, respectively, indicating that maximum coffee productivity is genetically defined and affected by environment conditions and management. For the harvest 2020, the application of molybdenum resulted in an increase in the length of the orthotropic stem and plagiotropic branches, in addition to providing increase of 3.7% in the yield of C. canephora. This suggested that there was a reduction in micronutrient availability in the soil, throughout the experimental period, limiting the growth and production of coffee in the second year.
由于在大多数土壤中对咖啡的需要量高而有效性低，氮是咖啡作物中施用最多的养分。由于钼在硝酸盐代谢中的作用，施钼可使氮肥效率最大化。本研究在田间条件下进行了两个咖啡生产周期。在不同氮肥处理下，研究钼对康尼隆咖啡生长和产量的影响。该实验于2018年6月至2020年5月进行。试验采用随机分组设计，采用2 × 5因子方案，第一个因素是在果实发育期间不施用和施用钼肥(4 kg ha -1年-1)，第二个因素是在5个地块上施用氮肥(300、500、700、900和1100 kg ha -1年-1)。除了加工咖啡产量和谷物产量外，我们还评估了每个农业年的conilon生长变量。斜向枝长、侧枝节数、莲座数和产枝果数与咖啡产量密切相关，并受氮肥的影响。增加氮的剂量促进了咖啡产量的二次增长，2019年和2020年的产量分别增加了35.3%和88.9%，这表明咖啡的最大产量是由基因决定的，并受到环境条件和管理的影响。在2020年收获季，钼的施用使canephora的正向异性茎长和斜向性枝长增加，产量增加3.7%。这表明，在整个试验期间，土壤中微量营养素的有效性有所减少，限制了第二年咖啡的生长和生产。
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Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P3046
Laura Raquel Luna García, V. Torres, F. Godina, R. Villarreal, Miguel Ángel Pérez Rodríguez
Capsicum annuum is one of the most important plant species in the world. México has the greatest diversity for this plant. However, its production is limited due to the scarcity of improved varieties for greenhouse production. Therefore, the development of high-yield varieties would be possible through the genetic recombination of native varieties (Creole populations) and superior cultivars. Therefore, the purpose of this research work was to assess and select outstanding F3 populations for greenhouse production. The work was carried out in a greenhouse at Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico in 2018, involving 8 parents, in which 3 varieties were used as female (pollen-receptor plants), 5 varieties as males (pollen-donor plants) and 9 F3 populations derived by selfing from 9 F2 populations. The parents and F3 populations composed 17 treatments that were established in a greenhouse under a randomized block design with three replications. The variables were total fruit yield, average fruit weight, total number of fruits per plant, ascorbic acid content, total capsicinoids, days to flowering, days to harvest, final plant height, and basal stem diameter. Significant differences were found in all variables of F3 populations. The highest RTF (total fruit weight) belonged to P1,4 and P1,6, with1647.0 and 1652.0 g/plant, respectively. In terms of CAA (ascorbic acid content), population P2,4, was significantly superior to the rest of the genotypes and exceeded the best parent by 19.8%. We concluded that populations P1,4, P1,6 and P2,4 may be uased to develop cultivars with high yield and high quality for greenhouse production.
{"title":"Selection of F3 populations of Capsicum annuum for greenhouse production","authors":"Laura Raquel Luna García, V. Torres, F. Godina, R. Villarreal, Miguel Ángel Pérez Rodríguez","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P3046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P3046","url":null,"abstract":"Capsicum annuum is one of the most important plant species in the world. México has the greatest diversity for this plant. However, its production is limited due to the scarcity of improved varieties for greenhouse production. Therefore, the development of high-yield varieties would be possible through the genetic recombination of native varieties (Creole populations) and superior cultivars. Therefore, the purpose of this research work was to assess and select outstanding F3 populations for greenhouse production. The work was carried out in a greenhouse at Saltillo, Coahuila Mexico in 2018, involving 8 parents, in which 3 varieties were used as female (pollen-receptor plants), 5 varieties as males (pollen-donor plants) and 9 F3 populations derived by selfing from 9 F2 populations. The parents and F3 populations composed 17 treatments that were established in a greenhouse under a randomized block design with three replications. The variables were total fruit yield, average fruit weight, total number of fruits per plant, ascorbic acid content, total capsicinoids, days to flowering, days to harvest, final plant height, and basal stem diameter. Significant differences were found in all variables of F3 populations. The highest RTF (total fruit weight) belonged to P1,4 and P1,6, with1647.0 and 1652.0 g/plant, respectively. In terms of CAA (ascorbic acid content), population P2,4, was significantly superior to the rest of the genotypes and exceeded the best parent by 19.8%. We concluded that populations P1,4, P1,6 and P2,4 may be uased to develop cultivars with high yield and high quality for greenhouse production.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79304148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-05DOI: 10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P3061
O. A. Ahmed, M. M. Yusoff, A. Misran, P. E. M. Wahab, H. Zentou
Gynura procumbens is one of the most common medicinal plants with extensive pharmacological properties. Light intensity and nitrogenous fertilisers are two main limiting factors in primary and secondary metabolism in plants. Information on the effects of shade levels and nitrogenous fertiliser rates on phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of G. procumbens is much scarce. This justifies an in-depth study to determine the effects of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. This study was conducted with four levels of shade (0, 30, 50, and 70%) and four nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha -1 ). Data measurements were performed on protein content, C:N ratio, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP) and flavonoid acids. The results showed that decreases in total phenol, flavonoid contents, C:N ratio and antioxidant activity were recorded with increasing shade levels and nitrogen rates. Protein content was increased with increases in shade levels and nitrogen fertilizer supplement. The highest flavonoid acids contents were observed from higher light intensity (no shade) and no nitrogen application. Enhancement in production of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity were associated with high C:N ratio and low protein contents. The study demonstrated that high light intensity (0% shade) with a low N fertilizer rate (0 kg N ha −1 ) was suitable for both phenolic compounds and antioxidants activity. The present study suggested that G. procumbens can achieve higher production of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity under low nitrogen availability and open field conditions.
原春草是最常见的药用植物之一，具有广泛的药理特性。光强和氮肥是植物初级和次级代谢的两个主要限制因素。关于遮荫水平和氮肥施用量对原藜植物化学成分含量和抗氧化活性影响的资料很少。这证明有必要进行深入研究，以确定植物化学成分和抗氧化活性的影响。本试验采用4个遮荫水平(0、30、50%和70%)和4个氮肥施用量(0、100、200和300 kg N ha -1)。测定蛋白质含量、C:N比、总酚含量(TPC)、总黄酮含量(TFC)、抗氧化活性(DPPH、FRAP)和类黄酮酸。结果表明，随着遮荫水平和施氮量的增加，总酚、类黄酮含量、碳氮比和抗氧化活性均呈下降趋势。蛋白质含量随遮荫水平和氮肥添加量的增加而增加。高光照强度(无遮荫)和不施氮条件下黄酮类酸含量最高。较高的碳氮比和较低的蛋白质含量增加了次生代谢物的产生和抗氧化活性。研究表明，高光照强度(0%遮荫)和低施氮量(0 kg N ha - 1)对酚类化合物和抗氧化活性都是适宜的。本研究表明，在低氮效度和开阔大田条件下，原藜具有较高的多酚类化合物产量和抗氧化活性。
{"title":"Phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of Gynura procumbens in response to shade levels and rates of nitrogen fertilizer","authors":"O. A. Ahmed, M. M. Yusoff, A. Misran, P. E. M. Wahab, H. Zentou","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P3061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P3061","url":null,"abstract":"Gynura procumbens is one of the most common medicinal plants with extensive pharmacological properties. Light intensity and nitrogenous fertilisers are two main limiting factors in primary and secondary metabolism in plants. Information on the effects of shade levels and nitrogenous fertiliser rates on phytochemical content and antioxidant activity of G. procumbens is much scarce. This justifies an in-depth study to determine the effects of phytochemical content and antioxidant activity. This study was conducted with four levels of shade (0, 30, 50, and 70%) and four nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 kg N ha -1 ). Data measurements were performed on protein content, C:N ratio, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP) and flavonoid acids. The results showed that decreases in total phenol, flavonoid contents, C:N ratio and antioxidant activity were recorded with increasing shade levels and nitrogen rates. Protein content was increased with increases in shade levels and nitrogen fertilizer supplement. The highest flavonoid acids contents were observed from higher light intensity (no shade) and no nitrogen application. Enhancement in production of secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity were associated with high C:N ratio and low protein contents. The study demonstrated that high light intensity (0% shade) with a low N fertilizer rate (0 kg N ha −1 ) was suitable for both phenolic compounds and antioxidants activity. The present study suggested that G. procumbens can achieve higher production of polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity under low nitrogen availability and open field conditions.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85895852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the effects of various environmental and genetic factors on callus induction and plant regeneration of bombarded calli from mature embryos of durum wheat using the biolistic method. In this study, three Moroccan durum wheat varieties ('Isly', 'Amria', 'Marouane') were cultivated on two induction media (IM1 and IM2) with different nitrogen sources and contents. After that, each variety cultured on both induction media was transferred in to two regeneration media (RM1 and RM2) with different phytohormones, whereas each variety distributed through four combinations of treatments: IM1RM1, IM1RM2, IM2RM1, and IM2RM2. A completely randomized design with five replications per treatment for each genotype was used. Parameters considered in this study were phytohormones, nitrogen source and its content, plant variety, and their interactions. The study found that variety, medium and variety × medium interactions have a statistically significant effect on callus induction and plantlets regeneration. Prior to bombardment, the maximum percentage of callus induction was obtained under IM1. Conversely, the callus survival rate was not affected by the induction media once bombarded for all three varieties. The induction media had a significant effect on all regeneration parameters (p < 0.01). The variety ‘Isly’ showed the best regeneration efficiency after bombardment, with nearly 80% of plantlets regenerated under IM1 and RM2 combination. These media can be used for genetic transformation of durum wheat.
{"title":"Development of an efficient regeneration system for mature bombarded calli of Moroccan durum wheat varieties","authors":"Senhaji Chaimae, Ahansal Khadija, Abdelwahed Rabha, Diria Ghizlane, Gaboun Fatima, Udupa Sripada Mahabala, Douira Allal, Iraqi Driss","doi":"10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21475/AJCS.21.15.03.P2976","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the effects of various environmental and genetic factors on callus induction and plant regeneration of bombarded calli from mature embryos of durum wheat using the biolistic method. In this study, three Moroccan durum wheat varieties ('Isly', 'Amria', 'Marouane') were cultivated on two induction media (IM1 and IM2) with different nitrogen sources and contents. After that, each variety cultured on both induction media was transferred in to two regeneration media (RM1 and RM2) with different phytohormones, whereas each variety distributed through four combinations of treatments: IM1RM1, IM1RM2, IM2RM1, and IM2RM2. A completely randomized design with five replications per treatment for each genotype was used. Parameters considered in this study were phytohormones, nitrogen source and its content, plant variety, and their interactions. The study found that variety, medium and variety × medium interactions have a statistically significant effect on callus induction and plantlets regeneration. Prior to bombardment, the maximum percentage of callus induction was obtained under IM1. Conversely, the callus survival rate was not affected by the induction media once bombarded for all three varieties. The induction media had a significant effect on all regeneration parameters (p < 0.01). The variety ‘Isly’ showed the best regeneration efficiency after bombardment, with nearly 80% of plantlets regenerated under IM1 and RM2 combination. These media can be used for genetic transformation of durum wheat.","PeriodicalId":8581,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Crop Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83771365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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