Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health最新文献_第7页

Cardiometabolic health markers among Aboriginal adolescents from the Next Generation Youth Wellbeing Cohort Study 下一代青年福祉队列研究》中原住民青少年的心脏代谢健康指标

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100139

Christopher D. McKay , Lina Gubhaju , Alison J. Gibberd , Bridgette J. McNamara , Emily Banks , Peter Azzopardi , Robyn Williams , Sandra Eades

Objective

The objective of this study was to investigate cardiometabolic health markers among Aboriginal adolescents aged 10–24 years and relationships with age, gender, and body composition.

Methods

Baseline data (2018–2020) from the Next Generation Youth Wellbeing Cohort Study (Western Australia, New South Wales, and Central Australia) on clinically assessed body mass index, waist/height ratio, blood pressure, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and triglycerides were analysed.

Results

Among 1100 participants, the proportion with individual health markers within the ideal range ranged from 59% for total cholesterol to 91% for HbA1c. Four percent had high blood pressure, which was more common with increasing age and among males; 1% had HbA1c indicative of diabetes. Healthier body composition (body mass index and waist/height ratio) was associated with having individual health markers in the ideal range and with an ideal cardiometabolic profile.

Conclusions

Most Aboriginal adolescents in this study had cardiometabolic markers within the ideal range, though markers of high risk were present from early adolescence. Ideal health markers were more prevalent among those with healthy body composition.

Implications for public health

Specific screening and management guidelines for Aboriginal adolescents and population health initiatives that support maintenance of healthy body composition could help improve cardiometabolic health in this population.

目标本研究旨在调查 10-24 岁原住民青少年的心脏代谢健康指标以及与年龄、性别和身体成分的关系。方法分析 "下一代青少年福祉队列研究"（西澳大利亚州、新南威尔士州和澳大利亚中部）的基线数据（2018-2020 年），包括临床评估的体重指数、腰围/身高比、血压、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值和甘油三酯。结果在 1100 名参与者中，各项健康指标在理想范围内的比例从总胆固醇的 59% 到 HbA1c 的 91% 不等。4%的人患有高血压，随着年龄的增长，这种情况在男性中更为常见；1%的人的 HbA1c 指标显示患有糖尿病。更健康的身体组成（体重指数和腰围/身高比）与个人健康指标处于理想范围内以及理想的心脏代谢状况有关。对公共卫生的启示针对原住民青少年的特定筛查和管理指南以及支持保持健康身体成分的人口健康倡议有助于改善这一人群的心脏代谢健康。

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引用次数: 0

An analysis of the features of successful written submissions to government inquiries 分析成功向政府调查提交书面意见的特点

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100133

Adam Delaine , Megan Ferguson , Rachel Bacon , Katherine Cullerton

Objective

Government inquiries present a policy window for advocates to influence policy. Evidence on how to write influential submissions, however, is sparse. We aimed to identify features of successful written submissions to the Parliament of Australia’s Inquiry into Food Pricing and Food Security in Remote Indigenous Communities (Inquiry).

Method

A scoping review was conducted to identify influential features of written submissions to government inquiries. A content analysis of a sub-sample of government Inquiry submissions and their recommendations was then coded for influential features. The frequency of submission recommendations incorporated into the final Inquiry report was recorded, as was their link to influential features.

Results

Thirty features were identified. Results from 21 submissions indicate that when writing a submission to a government inquiry, advocates should: (1) ensure their submission is clear and concise; (2) convey the authority of both the writer and supporting evidence; and (3) where possible, align submission recommendations with the government agenda.

Conclusions

We encourage future research to test the framework of influential features on other inquiry topics and in other countries to increase the reliability of results.

Implications for Public Health

This study consolidates and presents a list of features that advocates can consider incorporating when writing a submission to a government inquiry.

目标政府调查为倡导者提供了一个影响政策的政策窗口。然而，有关如何撰写有影响力的意见书的证据却很少。我们旨在确定向澳大利亚议会 "偏远土著社区食品定价和食品安全调查"（调查）提交的成功书面意见的特征。方法我们进行了范围审查，以确定向政府调查提交的书面意见中具有影响力的特征。然后，对政府调查报告及其建议的子样本进行内容分析，对有影响力的特征进行编码。对纳入最终调查报告的意见书建议的频率以及这些建议与有影响力的特征之间的联系进行了记录。从 21 份呈文中得出的结果表明，在撰写政府调查呈文时，倡导者应该(结论我们鼓励未来的研究对其他调查主题和其他国家的影响特征框架进行测试，以提高结果的可靠性。对公共卫生的意义本研究整合并提出了一份特征清单，倡导者在撰写政府调查报告时可考虑将其纳入其中。

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引用次数: 0

Opportunities for the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 治疗土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民代谢功能障碍相关脂肪肝的机会

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100138

Sarah Dick, Kai Wheeler, Shelley E. Keating

引用次数: 0

Peer Health Navigators to improve equity and access to health care in Australia: Can we build on successes from the COVID-19 pandemic? 朋辈健康导航员改善了澳大利亚医疗保健的公平性和可及性：我们能否在 COVID-19 大流行的成功基础上再接再厉？

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100128

Rebecca L. Jessup , Sian Slade , Veronique Roussy , Susan Whicker , Janet Pelly , Vinita Rane , Virginia Lewis , Lucio Naccarella , Max Lee , Donald Campbell , Keith Stockman , Peter Brooks

引用次数: 0

A cross-sectional investigation of the factors associated with awareness of PEP and PrEP among Queensland university students 昆士兰大学生对 PEP 和 PrEP 意识相关因素的横断面调查

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100136

Sarah Warzywoda , Amalie Dyda , Lisa Fitzgerald , Amy Mullens , Joseph Debattista , Jo Durham , Zhihong Gu , Kathryn Wenham , Armin Ariana , Charles F. Gilks , Sara F.E. Bell , Judith A. Dean

Objective

University creates unique social environments for many young people that can result in behaviour changes that can impact sexual health-related risks and facilitate transmission of HIV. Little is known about HIV knowledge, risk, and awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis/post-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP/PEP) among Australian university students.

Methods

A 2019 online survey distributed through Queensland universities, using active recruitment/snowball sampling. Descriptive and logistical regression analysis investigated HIV knowledge/risk and PrEP/PEP awareness.

Results

Of the 4,291 responses, 60.4% were 20–29 years old, 57.0% identified as heterosexual, and 31.8% were born-overseas. Mean HIV knowledge score was 9.8/12. HIV risk scores were higher among men-who-have-sex-with-men (MSM) (mean=5.2/40) compared to all other sexual behaviours (mean=3.1/40). Logistic regression indicated PrEP and PEP awareness was associated with older age (p<0.05), being non-binary/gender-diverse (p<0.05), and MSM (p<0.05). Lower odds of PrEP awareness were associated with international student status (p<0.05).

Conclusion

This study highlights the need for future health promotion targeting younger Australians at risk of HIV to increase uptake of PrEP/PEP, particularly among overseas-born young people and those ineligible for appropriate health care in Australia.

Implications for public health

Addressing these gaps will improve sexual health outcomes for young Australians at risk of HIV and work towards virtual elimination of HIV transmission in Australia.

目标大学为许多年轻人创造了独特的社会环境，这些环境可能会导致行为改变，从而影响与性健康相关的风险并助长艾滋病毒的传播。人们对澳大利亚大学生的艾滋病知识、风险以及暴露前预防/暴露后预防（PrEP/PEP）意识知之甚少。结果在4291名回复者中，60.4%为20-29岁，57.0%为异性恋，31.8%为海外出生。艾滋病知识平均得分为 9.8/12。与所有其他性行为（平均值=3.1/40）相比，男男性行为者（MSM）的 HIV 风险得分更高（平均值=5.2/40）。逻辑回归表明，PrEP 和 PEP 意识与年龄较大（p<0.05）、非二元性/性别多元化（p<0.05）和 MSM（p<0.05）有关。本研究强调，今后需要针对澳大利亚年轻的艾滋病高危人群开展健康宣传，以提高他们对 PrEP/PEP 的接受程度，尤其是在海外出生的年轻人和没有资格在澳大利亚接受适当医疗保健服务的年轻人中。

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引用次数: 0

It matters who you are and where you live: Commonwealth, state and territory policies for access to care for Australians with chronic kidney disease and their caregivers 你是谁，你住在哪里，这都很重要：联邦、州和地区为澳大利亚慢性肾病患者及其护理人员提供医疗服务的政策

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100131

Javier Recabarren , Amanda Dominello , Nicole Scholes-Robertson , Allison Jaure , Germaine Wong , Jonathan C. Craig , Martin Howell

Objective

To describe how Commonwealth, state and territory policies address access to care for Australians living with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with an emphasis on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and people residing in rural and remote areas.

Methods

We searched government health department websites for current policies up to March 2022 that addressed access to care for people with CKD.

Results

We included 98 policies: 28 were Commonwealth, and 70 were state or territory-based. There was wide variation in the policies for people with CKD in number and type across the jurisdictions. Of CKD specific policies, only three policies were specific for people living with CKD in rural and remote areas and no policies were specific for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.

Conclusion

There is a lack of CKD-specific policies addressing access to care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and people living in rural and remote communities.

Implications for public health

Despite the known disparities in the burden of CKD there are few policies addressing CKD disparities for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and Australians living in rural and remote areas. Policies that specifically address the barriers to accessing care are required to reduce inequities.

目标描述联邦、州和地区的政策如何解决澳大利亚慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者获得医疗服务的问题，重点关注土著居民、托雷斯海峡岛民以及居住在农村和偏远地区的人群。方法我们在政府卫生部门的网站上搜索了截至 2022 年 3 月有关慢性肾脏病患者获得医疗服务的现行政策。各辖区针对慢性肾脏病患者的政策在数量和类型上存在很大差异。在针对慢性肾脏病的政策中，只有三项政策专门针对农村和偏远地区的慢性肾脏病患者，没有专门针对土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民的政策。对公共卫生的影响尽管众所周知慢性肾脏病的负担存在差异，但针对土著居民、托雷斯海峡岛民以及生活在农村和偏远地区的澳大利亚人的慢性肾脏病差异的政策却寥寥无几。要减少不平等现象，就必须制定专门针对获得护理的障碍的政策。

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引用次数: 0

What we do matters: Supporting anti-racism and decolonisation of public health teaching and practice through the development of Māori public health competencies 我们的工作很重要：通过发展毛利人的公共卫生能力，支持公共卫生教学和实践的反种族主义和非殖民化

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2024.100132

Nina Veenstra , Fran Kewene , Kate Morgaine , Sue Crengle

Objective

This research sought to expand on a set of core Māori hauora ā-iwi/public health competencies initially designed for teaching and to enable their use in workplaces.

Methods

The research used a kaupapa Māori methodology in four stages including the development of draft levels of competence for all core competencies, consultation hui (meetings), analysis of feedback and redrafting, and respondent validation.

Results

Key themes elicited in relation to the content of the competencies included increasing language expectations, the importance of strength-based approaches and self-determination, and the need for individual responsibility to address structural racism. Reflective practice was identified as a fundamental cross-cutting competency. Participants suggested planetary health and political ideologies be included as additional socio-political determinants of health with equity impacts. Key concerns related to the application of the competency document included the need for cultural safety and ensuring that all public health practitioners are ‘seen’.

Conclusions

The Māori hauora ā-iwi/public health competencies have been published under a Creative Commons licence.

Implications for public health

The process of drafting a set of Māori public health competencies elicited key themes potentially relevant for public health practice in other countries and resulted in a competency document for use by universities and workplaces.

研究方法研究采用了毛利人的kaupapa方法，分为四个阶段，包括为所有核心能力制定能力水平草案、协商会议、分析反馈和重新起草，以及受访者验证。结果就能力内容提出的关键主题包括：提高语言期望值、以力量为基础的方法和自决的重要性，以及解决结构性种族主义的个人责任的必要性。反思性实践被认为是贯穿各领域的基本能力。与会者建议将地球健康和政治意识形态作为对健康产生公平影响的其他社会政治决定因素。与能力文件的应用有关的主要关切包括文化安全的必要性，以及确保所有公共卫生从业人员都被 "看见"。

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引用次数: 0

Balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure: A revised position statement for Australian adults 平衡日晒的风险与益处：针对澳大利亚成年人的修订立场声明。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100117

Rachel E. Neale , Victoria Beedle , Peter R. Ebeling , Thomas Elliott , David Francis , Christian M. Girgis , Louisa Gordon , Monika Janda , Graeme Jones , Robyn M. Lucas , Rebecca S. Mason , Philip Keith Monnington , Julia Morahan , Georgia Paxton , Craig Sinclair , Stephen Shumack , Jane Smith , Ann R. Webb , David C. Whiteman

Objective

To describe the development of a new position statement regarding balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults.

Methods

We conducted a Sun Exposure Summit in March 2021, with presentations from invited experts and a workshop including representation from academic, clinical, policy, and patient stakeholder organisations. The group considered advice about balancing the risks and benefits of sun exposure for Australian adults and developed a revised consensus position statement.

Results

The balance of risks and benefits of sun exposure is not the same for everybody. For people at very high risk of skin cancer, the risks of exposure likely outweigh the benefits; sun protection is essential. Conversely, people with deeply pigmented skin are at low risk of skin cancer but at high risk of vitamin D deficiency; routine sun protection is not recommended. For those at intermediate risk of skin cancer, sun protection remains a priority, but individuals may obtain sufficient sun exposure to maintain adequate vitamin D status.

Conclusions

The new position statement provides sun exposure advice that explicitly recognises the differing needs of Australia’s diverse population.

Implications for public health

Mass communication campaigns should retain the focus on skin cancer prevention. The new position statement will support the delivery of personalised advice.

目的介绍有关平衡澳大利亚成年人日光照射风险和益处的新立场声明的制定情况：我们于 2021 年 3 月召开了日光照射峰会，邀请专家发表演讲，并举办了一次研讨会，与会者包括学术、临床、政策和患者利益相关者组织的代表。该小组审议了有关平衡澳大利亚成年人日晒风险与益处的建议，并制定了一份修订版共识立场声明：日晒的风险与益处之间的平衡并非对每个人都一样。对于罹患皮肤癌风险极高的人来说，暴晒的风险可能大于益处；防晒至关重要。相反，皮肤色素较深的人患皮肤癌的风险较低，但缺乏维生素 D 的风险较高；不建议常规防晒。对于中等皮肤癌风险的人群，防晒仍然是首要任务，但个人可以获得足够的阳光照射来维持充足的维生素 D 状态：新的立场声明提供了日晒建议，明确承认了澳大利亚不同人群的不同需求：对公共卫生的影响：大众传播活动应继续以预防皮肤癌为重点。新的立场声明将为提供个性化建议提供支持。

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引用次数: 0

Closing loopholes in Australian vaping laws: Why Australia’s proposed vaping reforms are sound public health policy 堵住澳大利亚禁烟法律的漏洞：为什么澳大利亚提出的吸食大麻改革是合理的公共卫生政策？

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100114

Becky Freeman , Anita Dessaix , Tanya Buchanan

引用次数: 0

Vape stores in Western Australia: growth, proximity to schools and socio-economic gradient of density 西澳大利亚州的 Vape 商店：增长、距离学校的远近以及密度的社会经济梯度。

IF 3.5 3区医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anzjph.2023.100118

Matthew Tuson , Natalia Lizama , Caitlin Kameron , Angela Gazey , Lisa Wood

Objective

To audit the number and location of dedicated e-cigarette retailers (“vape stores”) in Western Australian (WA), measure proximity to schools and model the association between vape store density and socio-economic disadvantage.

Methods

Vape stores were identified via internet search and geocoded. Proximity to schools was measured. Regression modelling was used to investigate the association between vape store density and socio-economic disadvantage.

Results

194 stores were identified, with 88% located within one kilometre of a school. In metropolitan WA, vape store density was nearly seven times higher in the most socio-economically disadvantaged areas than in the least disadvantaged areas (rate ratio 6.9, 95% confidence interval 3.4–15.5).

Conclusions

There has been rapid, recent growth in the number of vape stores in WA, with most located within walking distance of schools. In metropolitan WA, vape store density is strongly associated with socio-economic disadvantage, mirroring the pattern observed globally for tobacco outlets.

Implications for Public Health

This is the first Australian study demonstrating that vape stores are more densely located in socio-economically disadvantaged areas. Vape stores’ proximity to schools may increase young people’s access and exposure to promotional signage. There is a need to address ready e-cigarette availability through strong regulatory and compliance measures.

目的：审核西澳大利亚州（WA）专门的电子烟零售商（"vape商店"）的数量和位置，测量距离学校的远近，并建立vape商店密度与社会经济劣势之间的关联模型：方法：通过互联网搜索确定电子烟店，并进行地理编码。方法：通过互联网搜索确定了 Vape 商店，并进行了地理编码。方法：通过互联网搜索确定 Vape 商店并进行地理编码，测量与学校的距离，使用回归模型研究 Vape 商店密度与社会经济劣势之间的关系：结果：共发现 194 家店铺，其中 88% 位于学校附近一公里范围内。在西澳大利亚州大都市，社会经济条件最差地区的烟草店密度几乎是条件最差地区的七倍（比率为 6.9，95% 置信区间为 3.4-15.5）：近来，西澳大利亚州的电子烟店数量迅速增长，其中大部分位于学校步行范围内。在西澳大利亚州的大都市，汽水店的密度与社会经济劣势密切相关，这与全球烟草销售点的情况如出一辙：这是澳大利亚首次研究表明，在社会经济条件较差的地区，汽水店的分布更为密集。电子烟店靠近学校可能会增加青少年接触促销招牌的机会。有必要通过强有力的监管和合规措施来解决电子烟的供应问题。

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引用次数: 0