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The study of surface roughness of plastic details operated in oil field equipment 油田设备塑料细部表面粗糙度的研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-26-28
N. Hasanova
The quality of the plastic details of the oil field equipment is predominantly characterized with the operation properties, such as high strength, low roughness of surface, wear-resistance, high resistance to the aggressive medium and, finally, high technological capacity that makes polymers irreplaceable for using in various engineering constructions. Moreover, the quality of the plastic details is formed mainly in the process of their manufacturing. Therefore, the control on the stability of changing of the technological parameters of preparation process is essential. If the defects revealed, and shortcomings of some parameters in a final product cannot be eliminated then the imperfections revealed can be corrected in time due to the changing of technological regimes. Based on the results obtained, the optimum regimes for a specific brand of plastic details applied in the oil field production are recommended.
油田设备塑料细部的质量主要表现为高强度、低表面粗糙度、耐磨、高抗腐蚀性介质,以及高技术性能,这使得聚合物在各种工程建设中的应用不可替代。此外,塑料细节的质量主要是在其制造过程中形成的。因此,对制备过程工艺参数变化的稳定性控制至关重要。如果发现的缺陷和最终产品中某些参数的不足不能消除,那么由于技术制度的变化,可以及时纠正这些缺陷。根据所获得的结果,推荐了用于油田生产的特定品牌塑料细节的最佳配方。
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引用次数: 0
The synthesis and study of monomers of cyclohexyl(met)acrilates 环己基丙烯酸酯单体的合成与研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-40-44
I.M. Guliyeva
The paper deals with the reaction of the eterification of cyclohexanole with (met)acrilate acids in the presence of a new catalytic system – the catalyst of sulfocationite type, sulfate derivatives of poliolefines with styrole (co)polymers. As a result of the reaction of eterification, the cyclohexyl(met)acrilate monomers were synthesized correspondingly. The eterification reactions of the synthesis of cyclohexyl(met)acrilate esters were carried out in the presence of KU-2-8-, KU-23 catalysts as well. The reactions of eterification were conducted in various conditions – with different mole ratio of the primary components and in the presence of various catalysts. As the products obtained are transparent, but some of them are oily and sticky, we can suppose that they contain not only cyclohexyl(met)acrilates but oligomer products as well. In this regard, some products may be characterized as oligocyclohexyl(met)acrilate compounds. The initial results obtained from the analysis of thermo-physical and spectroscopic parameters of synthesized products are presented, on the basis of which, the development of composite compounds is planned.
本文研究了一种新的催化体系——磺化矿型催化剂——聚烯烃硫酸盐衍生物与苯乙烯(co)聚合物催化环己醇与(met)丙烯酸酯的酯化反应。通过酯化反应,合成了相应的丙烯酸环己基单体。在KU-2-8-、KU-23催化剂的存在下,进行了合成丙烯酸环己基酯的酯化反应。在不同原料摩尔比和不同催化剂的作用下,进行了不同条件下的酯化反应。由于所得产物是透明的,但有些产物是油性的和粘性的,我们可以假设它们不仅含有环己基丙烯酸酯,而且还含有低聚物。在这方面,一些产品可能被表征为低聚环己基丙烯酸酯化合物。给出了合成产物的热物性和光谱参数分析的初步结果,并在此基础上对复合化合物的开发进行了规划。
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引用次数: 0
The synthesis of bis-m-dibromdibenzoat-, bis-p-dibrombenzoat esters of ethylene-glycol with ionic-fluid catalysts and their study in diesel fuel 离子流体催化剂合成乙二醇双-间二溴二苯甲酯、双-对二溴二苯甲酯及其在柴油中的应用研究
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-29-34
P.M. Kerimov, O.M. Alasgarova, B.K. Aghayev, S. Aliyeva, G. G. Nasibova, L.M. Saadova
Bis-m-dibromdibenzoat and bis-p-dibromdibenzoat esters of ethylene-glycol with the yield of 92, 88 % correspondingly have been synthesized based on the p-brombenzoic, m-brombenzoic acids and ethylene-glycol in the ratio of 2:1.2, at the 110 оС temperature and with 6–7 hours duration in the presence of ionic-fluid catalyst of n-methylpyrrolidon-hydrosulfate. The physical-chemical parameters of synthesized compound esters have been defined and their structure identified spectrally. Due to the electrophilic (Cl, Br) heteroaromatic acids in the synthesized esters, the resin content (sedimentation capacity) of the components in the diesel fuel reduces. The decrease of amount of resin in the synthesis of esters activates them as the antioxidants in the diesel fuel. These esters used in 100 ml diesel fuel in 0.004 % concentration reduced the sedimentation at 120 оС temperature approximately for five times. Synthesized compound esters have been tested on the increase of resistance of the diesel fuel against thermooxidation. Thus, it is justified that the esters of synthesized ethylene-glycol may be used in the presence of a catalyst of hydrosulfate of n-methylpyrrolidon for the increase of thermooxidative stability of the diesel fuel.
以对溴苯甲酸、间溴苯甲酸和乙二醇为原料,以2:1.2的比例,在110 оС温度下,以n-甲基吡啶酮-氢硫酸根离子流体为催化剂,反应时间为6-7小时,合成了双-间二溴二苯甲酸酯和双-对二溴二苯甲酸乙二醇酯,产率分别为92,88 %。确定了合成的化合物酯的理化参数,并对其结构进行了光谱鉴定。由于合成酯中的亲电性(Cl, Br)杂芳香酸,降低了柴油中各组分的树脂含量(沉降能力)。酯类合成过程中树脂用量的减少激活了酯类在柴油中的抗氧化剂作用。这些酯在100ml浓度为0.004%的柴油燃料中使用,在120 оС温度下减少沉降约五倍。对合成的化合物酯进行了提高柴油热氧化性能的试验。因此,合成的乙二醇酯可以在n-甲基吡咯烷酮氢硫酸酯催化剂的存在下用于提高柴油的热氧化稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
The main filtration characteristics of two-phase systems in the porous medium 两相体系在多孔介质中的主要过滤特性
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-15-18
M.A. Dadashzade, S. Novruzova
The practice justifies that the most oil fields are characterized with numerous parameters in the operation process. The pressure, phase permeability, volumetric flow rate by the phases are some of them. The changing of parameters, as a result, drastically effect the productivity of the oil wells. By course of time, the pressure drop leads to the seperation of gas from fluid in formation conditions, i.e. if the bottomhole pressure is lower than saturation pressure, the degassing takes place at the bottomhole zone, which increases the permeability of gas phase.
实践证明,大多数油田在作业过程中具有参数较多的特点。相的压力、相渗透率、体积流量是其中的一部分。因此,参数的变化会极大地影响油井的产能。随着时间的推移,压降导致地层条件下气液分离,即当井底压力低于饱和压力时,井底区发生脱气,使气相渗透率增加。
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引用次数: 0
The social-economic efficiency of measures on the development of safe labor conditions in oil field enterprises 油田企业安全劳动条件发展措施的社会经济效益
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-45-51
R.K. Iskenderov, A. Melikov
The paper studies the social-economic efficiency of the measures towards the development of safe conditions of labor in the industrial enterprises. The necessity of the advancement of corresponding legal framework is shown, and various aspects defining industrial safety are characterized as well. The basic procedures of ensuring safe working environment, and the evaluation of the social-economic efficiency of the measures towards the labor protection in the industrial enterprises are reviewed, and the perspectives of its enhancement shown. Special attention is paid to the issues of the monetary evaluation of the measures carried out towards improving the safety of labor conditions; the reasons for the variety of approaches to the estimation of the social injury are studied as well. With the purpose of development of safe working environment in an industrial enterprise, the views on the perspectives of the advancement of the organization of control in the working places are offered. The possibilities of the minimization of the social-economic losses in the system of labor protection are specified.
本文研究了工业企业安全劳动条件发展措施的社会经济效益。提出了相应法律框架的必要性,并对界定工业安全的各个方面进行了分析。综述了工业企业劳动保护措施的基本程序和社会经济效益评价,并提出了加强工业企业劳动保护的展望。特别注意为改善劳动条件安全而采取的措施的货币评价问题;分析了社会损害评估方法的多样性,并对其原因进行了分析。以工业企业安全工作环境的发展为目的,对工作场所控制组织的推进前景提出了自己的看法。论述了在劳动保护制度中实现社会经济损失最小化的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
A new approach to the estimation of real characteristics of multi-phase flows in gaslift educator 一种估算气举分离器中多相流真实特性的新方法
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-19-25
Shd.Z. Ismayilov, G. Ismayilov, P. Ismayilova
It is known that the multi-phase flows are widespread in the oil-gas production, as well as in the collection and transportation of hydrocarbons from offshore fields. These gravitational upward and downward flows are characteristic for the rising pipes of gaslift and flow wells, as well as for the risers of subsea multi-phase pipelines. A new approach for the estimation of the real parameters of multi-phase flows considering the phase displacement is offered in the paper and the perspectives of their definition based on the microscopic parameters of well operation shown as well. A possibility of the specification of the real density, real gas content and phase displacement of gas-fluid flows in the rising pipes of gas-lift wells based on the actual operation data in the context of the wells of Guneshli (OFP-15) offshore field is shown.
众所周知,多相流在油气生产以及海上油田油气的收集和运输中广泛存在。这种向上和向下的重力流动是气举和流动井的立管以及海底多相管道的立管的特征。本文提出了一种考虑相位移的多相流真实参数估计的新方法,并从井作业的微观参数出发,对多相流真实参数的定义进行了展望。以Guneshli (OFP-15)海上油田的实际作业数据为背景,探讨了规范气举井上升管中气液流动的真实密度、真实含气量和相位移的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Ground water resources of Azerbaijan and their efficient use 阿塞拜疆地下水资源及其有效利用
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-56-59
N. Hasanova
The paper is dedicated to the surface water resources of Azerbaijan and their efficient use. Azerbaijan is in the list of the countries with small water supply. Compared to the other countries of the South Caucasus, the water resources of Azerbaijan are limited and comprise only 15 % of water resources of the whole region. The water percent per head of the population in Azerbaijan is on the lowest level compared to the other Republics. The main reason for this is various locations of water sources. The estimated reserves of water in our country are equal to 30.9 bln. m3, of which 33 % is local, and 66 % - the water formed due to the transborder rivers. The contamination of Araz and Kur rivers, the major water sources, by the neighboring states worsens the situation. To meet the demand of the crop plants in irrigation water, the amount of the agricultural water should be increased. Therefore, the supply of farm lands with water is directed to the implementation of the different water-related activities, as well as to the engineering-melioration and other organizational issues with the purpose of rational use of the water.
本文致力于阿塞拜疆的地表水资源及其有效利用。阿塞拜疆是供水不足的国家之一。与南高加索其他国家相比,阿塞拜疆的水资源有限,仅占整个地区水资源的15%。与其他共和国相比,阿塞拜疆的人均水百分比处于最低水平。造成这种情况的主要原因是各种各样的水源。据估计,我国的水储量为309亿立方米。M3,其中33%是本地水,66%是由跨界河流形成的水。邻国对主要水源阿拉兹河和库尔河的污染使情况更加恶化。为满足农作物对灌溉用水的需求,应增加农业用水量。因此,农田供水的目标是实施各种与水有关的活动,以及以合理利用水为目的的工程改进和其他组织问题。
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引用次数: 0
The remediation of soil contaminated with oil products via up-to-date methods 油品污染土壤的最新修复方法
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-52-55
A. Jalilova
Due to the characteristics of the technological processes, the production activity of the enterprises in the oil industry affects the environment more seriously than other spheres. The contaminators of the enterprises of an oil producing complex combine the organic and mineral solutions as well. As the natural process of mineralization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is long enough, a necessity of the measures towards the acceleration of remediation processes occurs. The paper reviews the positive and negative aspects of the remediation methods applied for the soils contaminated with oil. The mechanical, agro-technical and chemical, as well as other methods of recultivation of the contaminated soils are implemented. The definition of the methods can change depending on the soil content, as well as on the contamination degree. It was specified that the environmental and economic efficiency may be achieved due to the enhancement of self-purification of soil with the employment of a complex of methods.
由于技术过程的特点,石油工业企业的生产活动对环境的影响比其他领域更严重。某石油生产企业的污染者也将有机溶液和矿物溶液结合起来。由于多环芳烃的自然矿化过程较长,因此有必要采取措施加速修复过程。本文综述了石油污染土壤修复方法的优缺点。采用机械、农业技术和化学以及其他方法对受污染的土壤进行再耕作。方法的定义可以根据土壤含量以及污染程度而改变。它被明确指出,环境和经济效率可以实现由于提高土壤的自我净化与采用复杂的方法。
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引用次数: 0
The characteristics and geodynamic mechanisms of formation of traps in Middle Caspian basin 中里海盆地圈闭形成特征及地球动力学机制
Pub Date : 2023-01-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-1-10-14
E. Bagirov
The structures of Middle Caspian basin differ from folded ones of South Caspian. The paper presents the researches of geodynamic processes in Middle Caspian basin and the types of traps formed due to them. Five structural types characteristic for the Middle Caspian basin, which can play a role of traps for hydrocarbons, are described. The significance of concept of formation process of each structure type for the specification of direction of exploration surveys in this region is shown as well. The most interesting of them in the context of geodynamic development are the inversion structures and monocline on the north-east slope of the Great Caucasus. The first structures are the great anticlines occurred due to the inversion of triassic grabens. The combination of lake sediments in the grabens favorable for the formation of parent rocks and giant traps over the last ones reduces the risks of exploration works. The formation of the monocline on the north-east slope of the Great Caucasus may be justified with the salt accumulation in the marginal lakes bordered with barrier reefs in the Upper Jurassic stage. These reef structures may serve as traps for the hydrocarbons.
中里海盆地的构造不同于南里海盆地的褶皱构造。本文介绍了中里海盆地的地球动力过程及其形成的圈闭类型的研究。介绍了中里海盆地具有的五种构造类型特征,这些构造类型具有油气圈闭的作用。指出了各构造类型形成过程的概念对该区勘查方向的指导意义。在地球动力学发展的背景下,其中最有趣的是大高加索东北坡的反转构造和单斜构造。第一类构造是由于三叠纪地堑反转而形成的大背斜。有利于母岩形成的地堑内湖泊沉积物与大型圈闭相结合,降低了勘探工作的风险。大高加索东北坡单斜的形成可能与上侏罗统以礁体为界的边缘湖泊的盐积累有关。这些礁状结构可能是碳氢化合物的圈闭。
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引用次数: 0
The effect of regulation of well capacity on formation of sand plugs 井容调节对砂塞形成的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2022-12-26-29
A. Zeynalov
The sand production still remains complicated problem in the wells of Absheron peninsula operated in “Azneft” PU. It is noted that the annual average height of sand plugs in the casing of mentioned wells reaches up to 665500 m. To prevent sand production, the hydrodynamic surveys were carried out and the following results were obtained: a) a mathematical model of plug formation in oil production, which combines the hydrodynamic parameters of reservoir and well has been developed; b) the rate of particle collection of solid substances remained in suspended state in the oil depends either on the viscosity and density of the oil, or on the hydrodynamic parameters of oil bearing reservoir; c) a hydrodynamic condition when the particle collection of solid substances in the oil does not occur is offered; d) within the offered hydrodynamic model of plug formation in the well, the aspects of regulation of well capacity providing the prevention of plug formation have been developed.
阿兹涅夫特油田Absheron半岛油井的出砂问题仍然很复杂。值得注意的是,上述井套管中砂塞的年平均高度可达665500 m。为防止出砂,开展了水动力测量,取得了以下成果:a)建立了结合油藏和井的水动力参数的采油塞流形成数学模型;B)油中悬浮固体物质的颗粒收集速率取决于油的粘度和密度,或取决于含油储层的流体动力参数;C)提供不发生油中固体物质颗粒收集的流体动力条件;D)在提供的井塞形成的流体动力学模型中,已经开发了防止桥塞形成的井容量调节方面。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Azerbaijan Oil Industry
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