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Ways to reduce the impact of the construction industry on the environment and environmental measures 减少建造业对环境影响的方法及环保措施
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-43-48
A. Guvalov
The cement industry is currently faced by the great challenge of reducing its vast carbon footprint, due to being the second highest industrial greenhouse gases emitter. This value is expected to further increase, since cement production is foreseen to rise by about 20 % until 2050. Therefore, more eco-efficient alternatives to ordinary Portland cement have been developed towards a sustainable concrete industry. This chapter presents some of the latest advances in low-carbon thermo-activated recycled cements obtained from old waste concrete, leading to a significant reduction of the greenhouse gases emissions, while also encouraging the valorization reuse of waste materials and the reduction of natural resource depletion. The manufacture and general performance of recycled cements, including the main production issues, rehydration behavior and phase and microstructure development, as well as its incorporation in cement-based materials are discussed. Some of the most recent research, main challenges and future perspective of recycled cements are addressed.
水泥行业目前面临着减少其巨大碳足迹的巨大挑战,因为它是第二大工业温室气体排放国。由于水泥产量预计到2050年将增长约20%,预计这一价值将进一步增加。因此,为了实现可持续发展的混凝土工业,人们开发了更环保的普通硅酸盐水泥替代品。本章介绍了从旧废混凝土中获得的低碳热活化再生水泥的一些最新进展,这些水泥显著减少了温室气体的排放,同时也鼓励了废物的价值再利用和减少自然资源的消耗。讨论了再生水泥的制造和一般性能,包括主要生产问题、再水化行为、相和微观结构的发展,以及其在水泥基材料中的应用。介绍了再生水泥的一些最新研究、主要挑战和未来展望。
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引用次数: 0
The methods of specification of wastes amount occurred due to the operation of oil wells and the measures towards soil protection 阐述了油井运行产生的废物量的规范方法和土壤保护措施
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-56-60
A. A. Hasanov, G.N. Nuriyeva
The pollution of environment is unavoidable under the man-caused impact. Recently, the oil refineries and petrochemical plants are considered the major sources of contamination. Various wastes are discharged into the atmosphere by potential pollutants of environment. As a result of their effect, these substances cause the atmosphere, as well as lithosphere and biosphere pollution in different degrees. The paper provides the methods of the specification of amount of the wastes appeared due to the operation of oil wells and discharged into the atmosphere; their advantages and shortcomings are studied as well. The most optimum method has been selected. Moreover, the damages to the atmosphere and soil caused by the collection and transportation of oil have been analyzed, and the methods of soil protection studied
在人为影响下,环境污染是不可避免的。最近,炼油厂和石化厂被认为是主要的污染源。各种废物被潜在的环境污染物排放到大气中。由于它们的作用,这些物质对大气以及岩石圈和生物圈造成不同程度的污染。提出了油井运行产生的排放到大气中的废弃物的规范量的方法;并对其优缺点进行了分析。选出了最优的方法。分析了采运石油对大气和土壤的破坏,并对土壤的保护方法进行了研究
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引用次数: 0
Efficiency of using gasoline fractions of tar processing as a raw material for pyrolysis 利用焦油加工的汽油馏分作为热解原料的效率
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-61-65
M. N. Javadova
The field of organic synthesis (plastics, synthetic detergents, rubbers, etc.) is based on the processing of olefins and diolefins - pyrolysis products. As demand for basic petrochemical products increases worldwide, so does the need for pyrolysis feedstock itself, and today one of the problems of pyrolysis plants is to provide them with feedstock. Currently, the amount of raw materials supplied to the pyrolysis unit EP-300 of the Sumgayit petrochemical complex is several times lower than the needs of the plant, and incomplete loading of the plant with raw materials negatively affects the cost of the main products of the process: ethylene and propylene, and ultimately on the performance of the entire industry. Therefore, the possibility of using low-quality gasoline fractions of the processing of heavy oil residues, including gasolines from coking and hydrocracking of tar, as a raw material for pyrolysis, as well as the effect of process intensification on production efficiency were studied.
有机合成领域(塑料、合成洗涤剂、橡胶等)是以烯烃和二烯烃的热解产物加工为基础的。随着世界范围内对基础石化产品需求的增加,对热解原料本身的需求也在增加,而热解厂目前面临的问题之一是向其提供原料。目前,Sumgayit石化总厂EP-300裂解装置的原料供供量低于装置需要的数倍,原料装载不完全影响了该工艺主要产品乙烯和丙烯的成本,最终影响了整个工业的性能。因此,研究了利用重油渣油加工过程中劣质汽油馏分(包括焦油焦化和加氢裂化所得汽油)作为热解原料的可能性,以及工艺强化对生产效率的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing performance efficiency of reconstructed oil fields 提高改造油田的生产效率
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-38-42
F. Ismayilov, F.G. Gasanov, Kh.A. Soltanova, S.Ch. Bayramova, N.M. Mammadzadeh
In the oil-gathering stations of most OGPDs, oil water sand clay mixtures that enter the settling equipment after passing through the separators are initially separated and collected in appropriate tanks. Prior to the production of commercial oil, more labor and energy is utilized to separate water and sand-clay mixtures from oil. Tanks are quickly contaminated with bottom sediments consisting of sand-clay and cleaning of them is difficult. Mixtures of sand-clay-water from settler, formation water from oil tanksa are drained into open oil traps, as a result, the environment is polluted with oil wastes and oil losses occur. It is more efficient to use a horizontal oil and gas separator to overcome shortcomings identified in the reconstruction of the tank farm with a capacity of more than 1.500 m3/day. Sand-clay separator should be installed at the inlet of it to protect the separator and tanks from sand-clay mixed sediments. Sand-clay separators should be installed inside the overflow tanks for better separation of formation water and sand-clay mixtures from oil, oil suspensions and sand-clay mixtures from water in formation water storage tanks. In order to reduce evaporation losses in the tanks, an auxiliary palte should be used under the PSV and the gas phase of the technological tanks and commercial oil tanks should be connected via pipes.
在大多数ogpd集油站,油水砂粘土混合物通过分离器进入沉淀设备后,首先被分离并收集在适当的储罐中。在商业石油生产之前,更多的劳动力和能源被用于从石油中分离水和砂粘土混合物。储罐很快就会被由砂粘土组成的底部沉积物污染,清理起来很困难。沉淀液中的砂-粘土-水、油罐中的地层水的混合物被排到露天的隔油池中,导致环境被油废物污染,发生油损失。使用卧式油气分离器可以更有效地克服在容量超过1500立方米/天的油库重建中发现的缺点。砂土分离器应安装在其入口,以保护分离器和储罐免受砂土混合沉积物的影响。溢流罐内应安装砂土分离器,以便更好地将储水箱中的地层水和砂土混合物与油、油悬浮液和砂土混合物与水分离。为了减少罐内的蒸发损失,应在PSV下使用辅助板,并通过管道连接工艺罐和商业油罐的气相。
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引用次数: 0
Research of the lithofacies properties of the Productive series rocks in the north-west flank Bulla-Project field 布拉工程区西北翼产系岩相性质研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-11-17
E. Gurbanov, E.A. Ismailzade
The Bulla-deniz field belongs to the oil-gas region of the Baku archipelago and is located on the Kanizadag-Babek anticline. During the tectonic subsidence and rapid sedimentation process in the region in the upper parts of the development period for the productive layer, the flow of large and coarse-grained materials increased and there were favorable conditions for the formation of hydrocarbon deposits. Quaternary – QLD ages sediments were discovered by drilling in the Bulla-deniz field. Gas and condensate products have been discovered in the North-East wing of the field, and along the depth in the V, VII and VIII horizons of the productive series, and the exploitation is continued. In the article, the lithological-facies characteristics of the rocks are analyzed by following the stratigraphic cross-section of the horizons and layers within the Productive series in the area and depth of the Bulla-deniz field. On the basis of well logging diagrams, the well picks depths of the V, VII and VIII horizons in the North-East wing of the field were monitored and specified. A 3D facial model was created using Irap RMS modeling software. In the model, the change of two facies – sand and clay – is monitored by the stochastic distribution algorithm. It is discussed, to determine the areas with more favorable collecting capacity for collecting oil and gas in the field by constructing trend maps and distribution histogram of sand thicknesses on horizons within the Productive series.
Bulla-deniz油田属于巴库群岛的油气区,位于Kanizadag-Babek背斜上。在该区生产层发育期上半段的构造沉降和快速沉积过程中,大颗粒、粗粒物质的流动增加,为油气矿床的形成提供了有利条件。通过钻探,在布拉-丹尼兹油田发现了第四纪- QLD时代的沉积物。在该气田的东北翼,以及生产系列的V、VII、VIII层的深部发现了天然气和凝析油产品,并继续开发。本文通过对布拉-德尼兹油田区域和深度的产层系内的层位和层位的地层剖面,分析了该区岩石的岩性相特征。在测井图的基础上,对该油田东北翼V、VII和VIII层的采井深度进行了监测和确定。利用Irap RMS建模软件建立三维面部模型。在模型中,采用随机分布算法监测砂和粘土两种相的变化。探讨了通过构造产层内层间砂层厚度趋势图和分布直方图,确定油田中较具采油能力的区域。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation into restoration of waterflooding process in the Darvin bankasi field 班卡西油田水驱过程恢复研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-18-21
N. Kerimov, S. Taghiyeva, G.K. Ismayilova
In the article the current state of development and main parameters of Darvin bankasi field, status of horizons covered with water flooding have been analyzed. During the study, have been plotted the distribution of remain recoverable reserves by horizon and evaluated the efficiency of waterflooding. It is necessary to restore and improve injection process system for complete exploitation of remain recoverable reserves is that allows carrying out injection more efficiently.
本文分析了达文班卡西油田的开发现状、主要参数、水驱覆盖层的现状。在研究过程中,绘制了剩余可采储量的层位分布图,并对注水效果进行了评价。为充分开发剩余可采储量,有必要恢复和完善注采工艺体系,提高注采效率。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of influence of electrical field and solution of the surface-active substance (SAS) on water flood oil recovery factor 电场及表面活性物质(SAS)溶液对水驱采收率影响的研究
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-22-29
R.G. Allakhverdiyeva
Influence of the electrical current fields and various type solutions of the surface-active substances on an interfacial tension, adsorption, desorption and on oil recovery factor from heavily clay porous medium has been investigated in the article. Nonionic alfenol, cation-active DMABACH (Dimethyl Alkyl Benzyl Ammonium Chloride) and anion-active sulfonic acid have been used as SAS. Quartz sand and rock from surface exposure of Kirmakian Suite (KS) of Balakhany field are as an adsorbent. It was revealed that direct and alternating current at 50 and 100 V through solutions of different type of SAS doesn’t practically influence on their interfacial tension on the boundary of nonpolar hydrocarbon liquid. Direct and alternating current through the porous medium containing clays and carbonates doesn’t influence on value of dynamic adsorption of nonionic SAS but promotes a decrease of their desorption from the rocks surface. It was determined that shared use of the direct-current field and solution of nonionic surface-active substance in comparison with mineralized water doesn’t practically influence on value of the oil recovery factor due to high adsorption of its molecules on surface of the heavily clay rock of Kirmakian suite. The use of direct current at 100 V considerably allowed (up to 23 %) to increase the Kirmakian oil recovery factor by the stratal alkaline water
本文研究了电流场和不同类型表面活性物质溶液对重粘土多孔介质中界面张力、吸附解吸和采收率的影响。采用非离子型醛醇、阳离子型DMABACH(二甲基烷基苄基氯化铵)和阴离子型磺酸作为SAS。Balakhany油田Kirmakian Suite (KS)地表暴露的石英砂和岩石是一种吸附剂。结果表明,50 V和100 V的直流和交流电流通过不同类型的SAS溶液对其在非极性烃液边界上的界面张力没有实际影响。直流电和交流电通过含粘土和碳酸盐的多孔介质不影响非离子SAS的动态吸附值,但促进其从岩石表面的脱附减少。结果表明,与矿化水相比,直流电场和非离子型表面活性物质的共同使用并不会对采收率产生实际影响,因为非离子型表面活性物质的分子在基尔马基组重粘土质岩石表面具有较高的吸附率。使用100 V直流电(高达23%)可以通过地层碱性水提高Kirmakian油田的采收率
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引用次数: 0
The use of underground water in the eastern part of Abshe- ron peninsula Abshe- ron半岛东部地下水的利用
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-4-10
Sh.S. Salahov, U.S. Salahova
For the estimation of the quality of the reserves of underground water, the results of chemical analysis carried out in the eastern part of Absheron peninsula in various times have been used. The underground water is used both for the drinking and irrigation. The mineralization of the water is within 0.7–1.0 g/l and 1–3 g/l. The water hardness fluctuates between 6–30 mg-equ/L. Low-mineralized water may be used in purposes related to human life and technical as well. According to the results of the chemical analysis, the water is predominantly of sulfate-chloride and hydrocarbonate type.
本文利用阿布歇龙半岛东部不同时期的化学分析结果,对地下水储量进行了水质评价。地下水既用于饮用,也用于灌溉。水的矿化度在0.7 ~ 1.0 g/l和1 ~ 3 g/l之间。水的硬度在6 - 30mg - eququ /L之间波动。低矿化水也可用于与人类生活和技术有关的目的。化学分析结果表明,水以硫酸盐-氯化物和碳酸盐型为主。
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引用次数: 0
Formation products from the n-undecane oxidation reaction 正十一烷氧化反应生成产物
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-49-55
U. A. Karimova
This paper presents a study of the reaction products of the liquid-phase aerobic oxidation of n-undecane by various spectral methods. Chromium mass spectral analysis indicates the formation of valeric, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic and nonenoic acids, including caprylic anhydride. The NMR spectrum reveals signals from the conversion of the paraffinic hydrocarbon into olefinic and naphthenic groups. It has been determined that in the oxidative system of gamma radicals, great opportunities are created for the formation of oxidation products of various isostructures.
本文用各种光谱方法对正十一烷液相好氧氧化反应产物进行了研究。铬质谱分析表明形成戊酸、己酸、七酸、辛酸和壬酸,包括辛酸酐。核磁共振谱揭示了石蜡烃转化为烯烃和环烷基团的信号。已经确定,在γ自由基氧化系统中,为形成各种同工结构的氧化产物创造了很大的机会。
{"title":"Formation products from the n-undecane oxidation reaction","authors":"U. A. Karimova","doi":"10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-49-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-49-55","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study of the reaction products of the liquid-phase aerobic oxidation of n-undecane by various spectral methods. Chromium mass spectral analysis indicates the formation of valeric, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic and nonenoic acids, including caprylic anhydride. The NMR spectrum reveals signals from the conversion of the paraffinic hydrocarbon into olefinic and naphthenic groups. It has been determined that in the oxidative system of gamma radicals, great opportunities are created for the formation of oxidation products of various isostructures.","PeriodicalId":8668,"journal":{"name":"Azerbaijan Oil Industry","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82029991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of the influence of non-carbon gases on the condensate recovery coefficient of gas condensate fields using a hydrodynamic model 用水动力模型研究非碳气体对凝析气田凝析油采收率的影响
Pub Date : 2023-05-15 DOI: 10.37474/0365-8554/2023-5-30-37
N. N. Gamidov, V. M. Fataliev, U.B. Askerova
There is enough research work on the effective use of non-hydrocarbon gases in order to increase the component recovery of hydrocarbon deposits. Over a long period, we have also carried out a number of research works on the effect of nitrogen and carbon dioxide on the final condensate recovery factor of fields, as well as on the productivity of gas condensate wells. However, it is known that the formation systems of gas condensate fields, along with other non-hydrocarbon gases, contain nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Sometimes their number has a rather large share in the total volume. But, the effect of the amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide naturally present in reservoir systems on the final condensate recovery coefficient of gas condensate fields has not been studied enough. The influence of the amount of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the composition of reservoir systems on the condensate recovery coefficient of gas condensate fields has been studied. To this end, a multicomponent hydrodynamic model of the Bulla-Sea field was used as a base case, the factors influencing the process were studied by comparing the final condensate recovery coefficient of the field with other systems containing nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
为了提高油气矿床的组分采收率,对非烃气体的有效利用进行了大量的研究。长期以来,我们还开展了氮气和二氧化碳对油田最终凝析油采收率以及凝析气井产能影响的研究工作。然而,众所周知,凝析气田的形成系统以及其他非碳氢化合物气体都含有氮和二氧化碳。有时它们的数量在总量中占有相当大的份额。但是,储层系统中自然存在的氮气和二氧化碳量对凝析气田最终凝析油采收率的影响研究还不够。研究了储层体系组成中氮含量和二氧化碳含量对凝析气田凝析油采收率的影响。为此,以Bulla-Sea油田的多组分水动力模型为基础,通过与其他含氮、含二氧化碳体系的凝析油最终采收率系数进行比较,研究了影响该过程的因素。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Azerbaijan Oil Industry
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