We pioneered mass-spectrometry analysis of blood plasma samples extracted from dry droplets to list proteins reflecting proteome dynamics in the course of professional activities during the 66-th Russian year-long Antarctic expedition. We analyzed the biological role of proteins with significantly altering concentrations over the wintering (р < 0.05). Alterations in the level of proteins associated with the erythrocyte functions and membrane structure appear to be a result of gaining a certain level of adaptation to hypoxia following increases in concentrations in the acute period of adaptation. Reductions in the proteins involved in amino acid metabolism at the end of wintering point to lowering the activity of proteometabolism in tissues responsive to chronic hypoxia and hypodynamia.
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF BLOOD PLASMA PROTEOME IN THE HEALTHY HUMAN DURING A YEAR-LONG WINTERING ON THE ANTARCTIC STATION «VOSTOK» UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF HYPOBARIC HYPOXIA AND HYPOCAPNIA","authors":"I.M. Larina, D.N. Kashirina, L.Kh. Pastushkova, A.G. Goncharova, K.S. Korotaev, A.S. Kononikhin, A.G. Brzhozovsky, E.A. Ilyin, O.I. Orlov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2023-57-4-49-57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2023-57-4-49-57","url":null,"abstract":"We pioneered mass-spectrometry analysis of blood plasma samples extracted from dry droplets to list proteins reflecting proteome dynamics in the course of professional activities during the 66-th Russian year-long Antarctic expedition. We analyzed the biological role of proteins with significantly altering concentrations over the wintering (р < 0.05). Alterations in the level of proteins associated with the erythrocyte functions and membrane structure appear to be a result of gaining a certain level of adaptation to hypoxia following increases in concentrations in the acute period of adaptation. Reductions in the proteins involved in amino acid metabolism at the end of wintering point to lowering the activity of proteometabolism in tissues responsive to chronic hypoxia and hypodynamia.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2023-57-4-20-25
N.S. Supolkina, D.M. Shved, A.K. Yusupova, V.I. Gushchin, О.О. Ryumin
The paper describes several phenomena of the crew – Mission control center (MCC) communication system established in space experiment KONTENT that attributable to cosmonauts' psycho-emotional conditions and necessitating the socio-psychological support. The authors propound their vision of social psychological support in context of the intergroup communication, as well as thoughts of how the crew-MCC communication can be improved. The recommended approaches will enable continuous psychological support to cosmonauts in orbit and reduce the psycho-emotional strain in MCC operators.
{"title":"PREVAILING PHENOMENA IN COSMONAUTS' COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE CREW – MISSION CONTROL CENTER COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND WANTED MODIFICATIONS","authors":"N.S. Supolkina, D.M. Shved, A.K. Yusupova, V.I. Gushchin, О.О. Ryumin","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2023-57-4-20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2023-57-4-20-25","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes several phenomena of the crew – Mission control center (MCC) communication system established in space experiment KONTENT that attributable to cosmonauts' psycho-emotional conditions and necessitating the socio-psychological support. The authors propound their vision of social psychological support in context of the intergroup communication, as well as thoughts of how the crew-MCC communication can be improved. The recommended approaches will enable continuous psychological support to cosmonauts in orbit and reduce the psycho-emotional strain in MCC operators.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135800919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-5-11
V. Baranov, V. Katuntsev, G. Tarasenkov, E. P. Khudiakova, V. Sedelkova, I. Alferova, T. G. Shushunova
Interrelation between blood redistribution toward the upper part of the body in microgravity and changes in sensitivity of the central respiratory mechanism was studied with participation of 16 Russian members of the International space station crews (40-57 year-old males). Time of maximal voluntary breath-holding during inspiration (MVHins) and expiration (MVHexp) was measured prior to and following the 15-min low-body negative pressure test (LBNP, -25 mm Hg). Before launch, the baseline MVHins and MVHexp durations in the vertical position made up 61.9 ± 3.9 s and 24.5 ± 1.5 s, respectively. In the supine position, the parameters increased to 81.1 ± 5.6 s and 31.2 ± 1.9 s (p < 0.01), respectively. More significant increases of breath-holding were observed in space microgravity. On flight months 1-5, MVHins and MVHexp rose by 25–45.5 % and by 17.5–54.2 %, respectively. After return from space the initial values of the parameters were recovered. Comparison of the measurements made prior to and within 5-10 minutes after LBNP revealed a further gain in both MVHins and MVHexp. Breath-holding extension in the supine position (at 1 G) and in microgravity suggests attenuation of the respiratory center sensitivity to the physiological chemoreceptor stimuli, namely, increased РаСО2 and lowered РаО2. This attenuation is driven by the blood shift toward the upper part of the body that causes increase of the vascular pressure in the sinus carotid region and activation of baroreceptors. The conclusion results from the significantly greater time of breath-holding during LBNP in microgravity and supine position, as well as time reduction to the initial values on return from space mission.
在国际空间站工作人员的16名俄罗斯成员(40-57岁男性)的参与下，研究了微重力下血液向上半身再分配与中央呼吸机制敏感性变化之间的相互关系。在吸气时最大自主屏气时间(MVHins)和呼气时最大自主屏气时间(MVHexp)在15分钟低体负压试验(LBNP， -25 mm Hg)前后进行测量。发射前，基线MVHins和MVHexp在垂直位置的持续时间分别为61.9±3.9 s和24.5±1.5 s。仰卧位时，这些参数分别增加到81.1±5.6 s和31.2±1.9 s (p < 0.01)。在空间微重力环境中，屏气的次数明显增加。在1-5个飞行月，MVHins和MVHexp分别上升了25 - 45.5%和17.5 - 54.2%。从太空返回后，恢复了参数的初始值。在LBNP之前和之后5-10分钟内进行的测量比较显示MVHins和MVHexp进一步增加。仰卧位(1g)和微重力下的屏气伸展提示呼吸中枢对生理化学感受器刺激的敏感性衰减，即РаСО2升高和РаО2降低。这种衰减是由于血液流向身体上半部分，导致颈窦区血管压力增加和压力感受器的激活。这一结论是由于在微重力和仰卧位下，LBNP的屏气时间明显增加，并且从太空任务返回后，屏气时间减少到初始值。
{"title":"STUDIES OF THE ACTIVITY OF THE CENTRAL RESPIRATORY MECHANISM IN LONG-TERM SPACE MISSIONS","authors":"V. Baranov, V. Katuntsev, G. Tarasenkov, E. P. Khudiakova, V. Sedelkova, I. Alferova, T. G. Shushunova","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-5-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-5-11","url":null,"abstract":"Interrelation between blood redistribution toward the upper part of the body in microgravity and changes in sensitivity of the central respiratory mechanism was studied with participation of 16 Russian members of the International space station crews (40-57 year-old males). Time of maximal voluntary breath-holding during inspiration (MVHins) and expiration (MVHexp) was measured prior to and following the 15-min low-body negative pressure test (LBNP, -25 mm Hg). Before launch, the baseline MVHins and MVHexp durations in the vertical position made up 61.9 ± 3.9 s and 24.5 ± 1.5 s, respectively. In the supine position, the parameters increased to 81.1 ± 5.6 s and 31.2 ± 1.9 s (p < 0.01), respectively. More significant increases of breath-holding were observed in space microgravity. On flight months 1-5, MVHins and MVHexp rose by 25–45.5 % and by 17.5–54.2 %, respectively. After return from space the initial values of the parameters were recovered. Comparison of the measurements made prior to and within 5-10 minutes after LBNP revealed a further gain in both MVHins and MVHexp. Breath-holding extension in the supine position (at 1 G) and in microgravity suggests attenuation of the respiratory center sensitivity to the physiological chemoreceptor stimuli, namely, increased РаСО2 and lowered РаО2. This attenuation is driven by the blood shift toward the upper part of the body that causes increase of the vascular pressure in the sinus carotid region and activation of baroreceptors. The conclusion results from the significantly greater time of breath-holding during LBNP in microgravity and supine position, as well as time reduction to the initial values on return from space mission.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67952718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-32-46
Y. Bubeev, V. Usov, B. Kryuchkov, A. A. Oboznov, M. Mikhaylyuk, V. I. Zhelonkin
The paper presents a computer toolset to simulate situations in which a cosmonaut has to decide on whether to choose an automated or vision assisted manual landing. A computer experiment was designed to reproduce lunar landscapes observed by cosmonauts from the landing module. Methodology of the virtual prototyping of landing on to the Moon was formulated in terms of visual environment mapping to the information need of cosmonauts. The mission critical point of decision-making on how to control landing was specified. Analysis of vertical takeoff and landing of both piloted and automatic space vehicles made possible description of navigation in low visibility, and substantiation of the use of 2D/3D synthetic vision systems in simulation of manual landing a helicopter-type vehicle in low visibility.
{"title":"VIRTUAL PROTOTYPING OF HELICOPTER-TYPE SPACECRAFT RADAR LANDING FOR UNDERSTANDING WHEN COSMONAUTS MAY TAKE A DECISION TO LAND A LUNAR MODULE MANUALLY","authors":"Y. Bubeev, V. Usov, B. Kryuchkov, A. A. Oboznov, M. Mikhaylyuk, V. I. Zhelonkin","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-32-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-1-32-46","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a computer toolset to simulate situations in which a cosmonaut has to decide on whether to choose an automated or vision assisted manual landing. A computer experiment was designed to reproduce lunar landscapes observed by cosmonauts from the landing module. Methodology of the virtual prototyping of landing on to the Moon was formulated in terms of visual environment mapping to the information need of cosmonauts. The mission critical point of decision-making on how to control landing was specified. Analysis of vertical takeoff and landing of both piloted and automatic space vehicles made possible description of navigation in low visibility, and substantiation of the use of 2D/3D synthetic vision systems in simulation of manual landing a helicopter-type vehicle in low visibility.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67950005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-46-53
Yu.E. Pisarenko, А.О. Chulaevsky, M. Rybnikova
The authors review the Russian and foreign concepts of psychophysiological selection (PPS) for test-pilots and ground the psychodiagnostic examination methods for applicants for test-pilots. The methods enable to reasonably well assess applicant's aptitude and by this means to reduce the risk of flights accidents.
{"title":"UP-T0-DATE APPROACH TO IMPROVEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OF PROFESSIONAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SELECTION OF MILITARY TEST-PILOTS","authors":"Yu.E. Pisarenko, А.О. Chulaevsky, M. Rybnikova","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-46-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-46-53","url":null,"abstract":"The authors review the Russian and foreign concepts of psychophysiological selection (PPS) for test-pilots and ground the psychodiagnostic examination methods for applicants for test-pilots. The methods enable to reasonably well assess applicant's aptitude and by this means to reduce the risk of flights accidents.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67951274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-66-70
Y. Bubeev, А.V. Potapov, A. V. Ivanov
The authors made analysis of different aspects of using xenon and associated medical equipment as part of complex therapy and functional rehab of people working in dangerous occupations. Specifically, they examined the procedure safety depending on the breathing circuit closure level (open, semi-closed or closed) and formulated requirements to the inhalation monitoring process. The authors present the results of clinical observation of 60 patients at the age of 30 to 42 years with the history of stress-induced neurotic disorders such as anxiety, panic attacks, slight or moderate depression, and asthenic syndrome for periods from 3 months to 2 years.
{"title":"SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE METHOD OF USING NOBLE GAS XENON WITH THE PURPOSE TO CORRECT STRESS-INDUCED DISORDERS IN PEOPLE OF DANGEROUS OCCUPATIONS","authors":"Y. Bubeev, А.V. Potapov, A. V. Ivanov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-66-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-3-66-70","url":null,"abstract":"The authors made analysis of different aspects of using xenon and associated medical equipment as part of complex therapy and functional rehab of people working in dangerous occupations. Specifically, they examined the procedure safety depending on the breathing circuit closure level (open, semi-closed or closed) and formulated requirements to the inhalation monitoring process. The authors present the results of clinical observation of 60 patients at the age of 30 to 42 years with the history of stress-induced neurotic disorders such as anxiety, panic attacks, slight or moderate depression, and asthenic syndrome for periods from 3 months to 2 years.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67952927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-51-59
М.А. Skedina, А.А. Kovaleva, M. Potapov
The ground-based studies with isolation (105- and 520-d isolation campaigns within the MARS-500 project) and modeled microgravity (5- and 21-d dry immersion) were aimed to test an integrated method of rapid assessment of the brain energy and electrical activities indicative of a current CNS status and adaptive changes. The method consists of synchronous recording electroencephalogram (EEG), constant potential level (CPL), and a number of psychophysiological tests. Analyzed parameters are a EEG pattern, relative power of EEG θ- (4–8 Hz), α- (8–13 Hz) and β-1- (13–25 Hz) waves, averaged CPL, ΔCPL values, and interhemispheric asymmetry. The method that measures CNS tension in response to psychological and physical stresses, adaptation to an unusual environment, fatigue and readaptation can be used to examine cosmonaut's CNS functioning prior to and after space mission, and in the period of post-mission recovery.
{"title":"ВОЗМОЖНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ КОМПЛЕКСНОГО МЕТОДА ЭКСПРЕСС-ОЦЕНКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОЙ НЕРВНОЙ СИСТЕМЫ У КОСМОНАВТОВ","authors":"М.А. Skedina, А.А. Kovaleva, M. Potapov","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-51-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-5-51-59","url":null,"abstract":"The ground-based studies with isolation (105- and 520-d isolation campaigns within the MARS-500 project) and modeled microgravity (5- and 21-d dry immersion) were aimed to test an integrated method of rapid assessment of the brain energy and electrical activities indicative of a current CNS status and adaptive changes. The method consists of synchronous recording electroencephalogram (EEG), constant potential level (CPL), and a number of psychophysiological tests. Analyzed parameters are a EEG pattern, relative power of EEG θ- (4–8 Hz), α- (8–13 Hz) and β-1- (13–25 Hz) waves, averaged CPL, ΔCPL values, and interhemispheric asymmetry. The method that measures CNS tension in response to psychological and physical stresses, adaptation to an unusual environment, fatigue and readaptation can be used to examine cosmonaut's CNS functioning prior to and after space mission, and in the period of post-mission recovery.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67956279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-43-50
Е.V. Tipisova, V. Alikina, I. N. Molodovskaya, A. Elfimova, V. N. Zyabisheva
Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (AntiTGs) and thyroperoxydase (AntiTPs) define in many ways the thyroid activity, whereas antispermal antibodies (ASABs) control the reproductive system. Most of these antibodies belong to immunoglobulin class G; dopamine is able to control the processes of antibody production. The aim was to demonstrate differences in contents of and relationship among dopamine, thyroid and thyroid and ASABs, thyroglobulin (TG) in male and female populations on the European and Asian North of the Russian Federation. We investigated 336 essentially healthy males and females at the age of 22 to 44 and 45 to 59 years respectively. Blood serum was analyzed for autoantibodies and plasma - for dopamine. High frequency of dopamine above the upper norm margin was observed in males; dopamine concentration was undetectable in females. Increased dopamine and decreased AntiTG combined with increased TG and ASABs in the Asian North population may suggest that dopamine inhibits AbtoTG synthesis and, therefore, stimulates the thyroid activity. In females, deviations in typically increased antithyroid antibodies and typically decreased TG were more often and could be connected with a higher occurrence of undetectable levels of dopamine that inhibits the autoantibodies production and contributes in autoimmunization. In addition to the dopamine and ASAB synergy effect on spermatozoids, negative correlations between their levels in the Asian and European North populations may also suggest an inhibitive effect of dopamine on ASAB. The dopamine effect on the autoimmune effect could be a building block for preventing the risk of autoimmune pathology among people living in the extreme North environment.
{"title":"RELATIONSHIP AMONG THE LEVELS OF DOPAMINE, THYROID AND ANTISPERMAL ANTIBODIES IN POPULATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN AND ASIAN NORTH","authors":"Е.V. Tipisova, V. Alikina, I. N. Molodovskaya, A. Elfimova, V. N. Zyabisheva","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-43-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-6-43-50","url":null,"abstract":"Autoantibodies to thyroglobulin (AntiTGs) and thyroperoxydase (AntiTPs) define in many ways the thyroid activity, whereas antispermal antibodies (ASABs) control the reproductive system. Most of these antibodies belong to immunoglobulin class G; dopamine is able to control the processes of antibody production. The aim was to demonstrate differences in contents of and relationship among dopamine, thyroid and thyroid and ASABs, thyroglobulin (TG) in male and female populations on the European and Asian North of the Russian Federation. We investigated 336 essentially healthy males and females at the age of 22 to 44 and 45 to 59 years respectively. Blood serum was analyzed for autoantibodies and plasma - for dopamine. High frequency of dopamine above the upper norm margin was observed in males; dopamine concentration was undetectable in females. Increased dopamine and decreased AntiTG combined with increased TG and ASABs in the Asian North population may suggest that dopamine inhibits AbtoTG synthesis and, therefore, stimulates the thyroid activity. In females, deviations in typically increased antithyroid antibodies and typically decreased TG were more often and could be connected with a higher occurrence of undetectable levels of dopamine that inhibits the autoantibodies production and contributes in autoimmunization. In addition to the dopamine and ASAB synergy effect on spermatozoids, negative correlations between their levels in the Asian and European North populations may also suggest an inhibitive effect of dopamine on ASAB. The dopamine effect on the autoimmune effect could be a building block for preventing the risk of autoimmune pathology among people living in the extreme North environment.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67957583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-44-52
S. Rozhkov, K. Sharlo, B. Shenkman, Т.М. Mirzoev
The investigation was aimed to reveal a potential role of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in rat soleus muscle during simulated gravitational unloading. Wistar rats were subject to 7-day tail-suspension (hindlimb unloading) and treated with rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor) or AR-A014418 (GSK-3 inhibitor). Protein synthesis was measured with SUnSET. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase-1 (GS-1) and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) was measured with the use of Western-blotting. Levels of 28S and 18S rRNA were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Expression of 47S pre-rRNA and c-Myc was assessed with RT-PCR. Gravitational unloading led to an increase in phosphorylation of GS-1 (a marker of GSK-3 activity) and inhibited phosphorylation of rpS6 (a marker of mTORC1 activity), expression of the ribosome biogenesis markers (total RNA РНК, 28S and 18S rRNA, 47S pre-rRNA, с-Myc) and protein synthesis in soleus muscle. GSK-3 inhibition prevented an increase in GS-1 phosphorylation and, partly, a reduction in the markers of both ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis. The mTORC1 inhibitor contributed to the phospho-rpS6 reduction but did not substantially influence the parameters of translational capacity and protein synthesis. To sum up, unlike mTORC1, an elevated GSK-3 activity can contribute to the inhibition of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in rat soleus muscle under 7-day gravitational unloading.
{"title":"CONTRIBUTION OF mTORC1 AND GSK-3 TO THE REGULATION OF RIBOSOME BIOGENESIS IN RAT POSTURAL MUSCLE UNDER SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY","authors":"S. Rozhkov, K. Sharlo, B. Shenkman, Т.М. Mirzoev","doi":"10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-44-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-4-44-52","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation was aimed to reveal a potential role of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTORC1) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3) in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in rat soleus muscle during simulated gravitational unloading. Wistar rats were subject to 7-day tail-suspension (hindlimb unloading) and treated with rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor) or AR-A014418 (GSK-3 inhibitor). Protein synthesis was measured with SUnSET. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase-1 (GS-1) and ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) was measured with the use of Western-blotting. Levels of 28S and 18S rRNA were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis. Expression of 47S pre-rRNA and c-Myc was assessed with RT-PCR. Gravitational unloading led to an increase in phosphorylation of GS-1 (a marker of GSK-3 activity) and inhibited phosphorylation of rpS6 (a marker of mTORC1 activity), expression of the ribosome biogenesis markers (total RNA РНК, 28S and 18S rRNA, 47S pre-rRNA, с-Myc) and protein synthesis in soleus muscle. GSK-3 inhibition prevented an increase in GS-1 phosphorylation and, partly, a reduction in the markers of both ribosomal biogenesis and protein synthesis. The mTORC1 inhibitor contributed to the phospho-rpS6 reduction but did not substantially influence the parameters of translational capacity and protein synthesis. To sum up, unlike mTORC1, an elevated GSK-3 activity can contribute to the inhibition of ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in rat soleus muscle under 7-day gravitational unloading.","PeriodicalId":8683,"journal":{"name":"Aviakosmicheskaia i ekologicheskaia meditsina = Aerospace and environmental medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67953923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.21687/0233-528x-2022-56-2-20-29
N. Vilchinskaya, S. Rozhkov, M. Komarova, R.B. Dmitrieva, B. Shenkman
Markers of the satellite cells terminal differentiation in m. Soleus were analyzed following different periods of gravitational unloading simulated by rats' tail-suspension. Satellite cells were cultivated in vitro. Western blotting was used to determine levels of mTORc1, phospho-p70S6K, phospho-ACC, phospho-FOXO1 and phospho-FOXO3 involved in cells proliferation and differentiation. Desmin and АМРКа1 expression was determined using PCR analysis. It was shown that 7 and 14 days of tail-suspension lead to the increased intensity of satellite cells proliferation and activities of transcription factors FOXO1 and FOXO3 in rat soleus muscle.
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