Pub Date : 2022-04-16DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.15
Abdullah A. G. Salim, S. Almaliki, Dakhel R. Nedawi
The primary objective of this paper was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) simulation environment and mathematical models for predicting with high accuracy soil compression parameters. The experiments were conducted at the College of Agriculture - University of Basra, located at Garmat Ali, the soil was silty clay loam. The factors that were investigated are moisture content (14 and 24%), tillage depths (0, 15, 30, 45, and 50 cm) forward speeds (0.57, 0.94, and 1.34 m.s-1) and tire pressures (50, 100, and 150 kPa). ANN environment was developed with the back propagation algorithm using MATLAB software with various structures and training algorithms. Design Expert software utilized to evaluate the studied parameters and produce mathematical models. The results showed that all studied parameters had a significant effect on soil physical properties including bulk density and cone index. The effects of the studied factors on bulk density were depth > moisture content > forward speed, > tire pressure (6% 4%, 2.4%, 2%, respectively). Whereas, the order of the investigated factors based on their effects on cone index were depth > moisture content > tire pressure > forward speed (6%, 4%, 2.4% and 2%, respectively). The best model for predicting the bulk density under different field conditions was the 4-8-1 architecture. Levenberg-Marquardt (Trainlm) produced outstanding performance with an MSE of 0.00226 and R2 of 0.986. Moreover, this performance was occurring at an epoch of 100. For predicting cone index, the best performance was achieved by Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) in 85 epochs, giving minimum MSE equal to 0.005112 and greater (R2) equal to 0.967 during the training process. Thus, the optimal structure for predicting cone index was 4-7-1.
{"title":"Smart Computing Techniques for Predicting Soil Compaction Criteria under Realistic Field Conditions","authors":"Abdullah A. G. Salim, S. Almaliki, Dakhel R. Nedawi","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of this paper was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) simulation environment and mathematical models for predicting with high accuracy soil compression parameters. The experiments were conducted at the College of Agriculture - University of Basra, located at Garmat Ali, the soil was silty clay loam. The factors that were investigated are moisture content (14 and 24%), tillage depths (0, 15, 30, 45, and 50 cm) forward speeds (0.57, 0.94, and 1.34 m.s-1) and tire pressures (50, 100, and 150 kPa). ANN environment was developed with the back propagation algorithm using MATLAB software with various structures and training algorithms. Design Expert software utilized to evaluate the studied parameters and produce mathematical models. The results showed that all studied parameters had a significant effect on soil physical properties including bulk density and cone index. The effects of the studied factors on bulk density were depth > moisture content > forward speed, > tire pressure (6% 4%, 2.4%, 2%, respectively). Whereas, the order of the investigated factors based on their effects on cone index were depth > moisture content > tire pressure > forward speed (6%, 4%, 2.4% and 2%, respectively). The best model for predicting the bulk density under different field conditions was the 4-8-1 architecture. Levenberg-Marquardt (Trainlm) produced outstanding performance with an MSE of 0.00226 and R2 of 0.986. Moreover, this performance was occurring at an epoch of 100. For predicting cone index, the best performance was achieved by Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) in 85 epochs, giving minimum MSE equal to 0.005112 and greater (R2) equal to 0.967 during the training process. Thus, the optimal structure for predicting cone index was 4-7-1.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78575086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.13
Md. Amirul Alam, Suhara B. Alias, Januarius Gobilik, S. Mijin, M. M. Khandaker
Moringa oleifera seed solution was used in this study to treat municipal wastewater that were used as the treatment in this study. There were 3 treatments used; treated wastewater, normal tape water and untreated wastewater. The wastewater were collected at main drainage at Batu 7 (5o52’57.2’’N 118o02’39.7”E) and diagnosed based on the pH and EC. Data on plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaves length (cm), chlorophyll, and number of primary branches were taken every week until week 4. For root length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and moisture were taken after the harvesting. The data collected were analyzed by using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.4 computer program with experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The means were separated and compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 0.05 significant level. M. oleifera seeds solution treated irrigation exhibited positive outcomes for most of the parameters recorded, but response of different vegetables were also different on varied parameters. The increase of pH from untreated waste water (6.40) to sanitized/treated waste water (6.73) and reduction of EC from untreated waste water (367.9) to sanitized/treated waste water (359.1) is the proof of making nutrients more available for plants uptake. From the overall study it is proved that M. oleifera seeds are suitable as the replacement and an alternative besides chemical coagulant to treat wastewater which is cheaper, eco-friendly and sustainable to be used in agricultural irrigation based on all the parameters evaluated in this study.
本研究采用辣木籽液对作为本研究处理对象的城市污水进行处理。共采用3种处理;处理过的废水、普通胶带水和未经处理的废水。污水收集于Batu 7(5052′57.2”N 118002′39.7”E)主排水，并根据pH和EC进行诊断。每周采集株高(cm)、叶数、叶长(cm)、叶绿素和一次枝数的数据，直到第4周。采后测定根长(cm)、鲜重(g)、干重(g)和水分。采用统计分析软件(SAS) 9.4版计算机程序对收集的数据进行分析，实验设计采用随机完全块设计(RCBD)。采用Duncan 's Multiple Range Test (DMRT)在0.05显著水平下进行均值分离和比较。油菜籽液处理灌溉对大部分参数的响应均为正，但不同蔬菜对不同参数的响应也存在差异。从未经处理的废水(6.40)到经过消毒/处理的废水(6.73)的pH值增加，以及从未经处理的废水(367.9)到经过消毒/处理的废水(359.1)的EC的减少，都证明了植物可以更有效地吸收营养物质。从整体研究来看，综合本研究评价的各项参数，证明油籽适合作为化学混凝剂以外的废水处理的替代品和替代品，成本更低、环保、可持续，可用于农业灌溉。
{"title":"Moringa oleifera Seed Treated Sanitized Water Effect on Growth and Morpho-physiology of Commonly Consumed Vegetables of Malaysia","authors":"Md. Amirul Alam, Suhara B. Alias, Januarius Gobilik, S. Mijin, M. M. Khandaker","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera seed solution was used in this study to treat municipal wastewater that were used as the treatment in this study. There were 3 treatments used; treated wastewater, normal tape water and untreated wastewater. The wastewater were collected at main drainage at Batu 7 (5o52’57.2’’N 118o02’39.7”E) and diagnosed based on the pH and EC. Data on plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaves length (cm), chlorophyll, and number of primary branches were taken every week until week 4. For root length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and moisture were taken after the harvesting. The data collected were analyzed by using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.4 computer program with experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The means were separated and compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 0.05 significant level. M. oleifera seeds solution treated irrigation exhibited positive outcomes for most of the parameters recorded, but response of different vegetables were also different on varied parameters. The increase of pH from untreated waste water (6.40) to sanitized/treated waste water (6.73) and reduction of EC from untreated waste water (367.9) to sanitized/treated waste water (359.1) is the proof of making nutrients more available for plants uptake. From the overall study it is proved that M. oleifera seeds are suitable as the replacement and an alternative besides chemical coagulant to treat wastewater which is cheaper, eco-friendly and sustainable to be used in agricultural irrigation based on all the parameters evaluated in this study.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78045579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-27DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.14
Z. H. Mahmood, Saad A. Nasir, Maida H. Ali
This study aimed to investigate the application of safety-first approach to measure the risk behavior of wheat farmers in unreclaim land. A random sample of 105 farms in Wasit province for season 2019 were used. The analysis was divided into three stages. The first stage was to estimate the production function (Cob-Douglas) of wheat using the regression method of the Robust M-Weighted Estimator (R.M.W) to represent the functional relationship between quantity of produced wheat and the independent variables (seed, fertilizers, pesticides, number of mechanical and human).The second stage included an analysis of farmers' behavior towards risk based on safety-first standards. It was found that the number of farmers affording high, medium and natural risks were 46, 24 and 33, respectively, representing 43.8%, 24.76%, 31.34% of the total farmers, respectively. Third stage analyzed the factors affecting the farmers' behavior towards risk, using a multiple logistic regression model. The results indicated that farmers having normal or medium salinity soil, long experience (more than 25 years) and those owning their agricultural lands bear the risks more than their counterparts with high salinity soils, shorter experience and tenants of agricultural lands. Therefore, the study recommends conducting maintenance operations on the main and secondary drainage networks to ensure low salinity levels to obtain high productivity.
{"title":"Application of Safety-First Approach to Measure Risk Behavior of Wheat Farmers in Reclaimed Lands in Iraq for the Season 2019 (Wasit province as an Applied Model)","authors":"Z. H. Mahmood, Saad A. Nasir, Maida H. Ali","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to investigate the application of safety-first approach to measure the risk behavior of wheat farmers in unreclaim land. A random sample of 105 farms in Wasit province for season 2019 were used. The analysis was divided into three stages. The first stage was to estimate the production function (Cob-Douglas) of wheat using the regression method of the Robust M-Weighted Estimator (R.M.W) to represent the functional relationship between quantity of produced wheat and the independent variables (seed, fertilizers, pesticides, number of mechanical and human).The second stage included an analysis of farmers' behavior towards risk based on safety-first standards. It was found that the number of farmers affording high, medium and natural risks were 46, 24 and 33, respectively, representing 43.8%, 24.76%, 31.34% of the total farmers, respectively. Third stage analyzed the factors affecting the farmers' behavior towards risk, using a multiple logistic regression model. The results indicated that farmers having normal or medium salinity soil, long experience (more than 25 years) and those owning their agricultural lands bear the risks more than their counterparts with high salinity soils, shorter experience and tenants of agricultural lands. Therefore, the study recommends conducting maintenance operations on the main and secondary drainage networks to ensure low salinity levels to obtain high productivity.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79850471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.12
H. Razvanchy, M. Fayyadh
The study area comprises Erbil province, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Thirty-five soil samples have been taken from different districts. Several soil analyses have been performed in order to find soil loss as a criterion for land suitability assessment. The other criteria were elevation, slope, aspect ratio, and land use and land cover (LULC). All used criteria have been weighted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology to find their priorities in order to use them on weighted overlay methodology (WOM) based on the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technique. Integration of AHP and GIS have been utilized in purpose to find the land suitability based on five classes; high suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), not suitable (N1), and not suitable permanently (N2). The result of land suitability shows that the S1 class is generally located at the northwest of the middle part in the study area extended to the southwest, and it occupies an area of 1243.94 km2 (8.61%). The S2 class occupies a minimum area of 85.52 km2 (0.59%), while the S3 class occupies a massive area relatively about 4886.75 km2 (33.82%). The N1 class occupies the highest area, around 6538.32 km2 (45.26%). At the same time, N2 class takes 1693.16 km2 (11.72%). Both N1 and N2 have an area of 8,231 km2 (56.98%) of the total area while S1, S2, and S3, which takes only 6,216 km2 (43.02%).In this study we found the possibility of using GIS and AHP in order to find the land suitability assessment.
{"title":"GIS and AHP Based Techniques for Agricultural Land Suitability Assessment in Erbil Province, Kurdistan region, Iraq","authors":"H. Razvanchy, M. Fayyadh","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study area comprises Erbil province, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Thirty-five soil samples have been taken from different districts. Several soil analyses have been performed in order to find soil loss as a criterion for land suitability assessment. The other criteria were elevation, slope, aspect ratio, and land use and land cover (LULC). All used criteria have been weighted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology to find their priorities in order to use them on weighted overlay methodology (WOM) based on the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technique. Integration of AHP and GIS have been utilized in purpose to find the land suitability based on five classes; high suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), not suitable (N1), and not suitable permanently (N2). The result of land suitability shows that the S1 class is generally located at the northwest of the middle part in the study area extended to the southwest, and it occupies an area of 1243.94 km2 (8.61%). The S2 class occupies a minimum area of 85.52 km2 (0.59%), while the S3 class occupies a massive area relatively about 4886.75 km2 (33.82%). The N1 class occupies the highest area, around 6538.32 km2 (45.26%). At the same time, N2 class takes 1693.16 km2 (11.72%). Both N1 and N2 have an area of 8,231 km2 (56.98%) of the total area while S1, S2, and S3, which takes only 6,216 km2 (43.02%).In this study we found the possibility of using GIS and AHP in order to find the land suitability assessment.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90623343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.11
T. K. Adday, N. R. Khamees
Praniza larvae of Gnathia sp. were reported on the gills of 18 Iraqi sea fish species. Hosts were eight elasmobranchs and 10 teleosts. Cartilaginous hosts belong to four families, with highest mean prevalence was 100% in Pastinachus sephen, while the lowest prevalence was 25% in Gymnura poecilura. Teleost hosts belong to seven families, the highest prevalence was 50% in Rabdosargus haffara and the lowest was 1.6% in Tenualosa ilisha. The higher mean intensity of infection was 12.3 in Chiloscyllium arabicum, and only one in all teleost fish species. Praniza parasite of C. arabicum has long body, concave cephalon, narrowing anteriorly with truncate frontal margin, the compound eyes large, pleotelson triangular, uropods have endopods not extending beyond the end of the pleotelson.
{"title":"Praniza (Isopoda: Gnathia) Parasitic on Gills of Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum with Notes of its Occurrence on some Marine Fishes of Iraq","authors":"T. K. Adday, N. R. Khamees","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Praniza larvae of Gnathia sp. were reported on the gills of 18 Iraqi sea fish species. Hosts were eight elasmobranchs and 10 teleosts. Cartilaginous hosts belong to four families, with highest mean prevalence was 100% in Pastinachus sephen, while the lowest prevalence was 25% in Gymnura poecilura. Teleost hosts belong to seven families, the highest prevalence was 50% in Rabdosargus haffara and the lowest was 1.6% in Tenualosa ilisha. The higher mean intensity of infection was 12.3 in Chiloscyllium arabicum, and only one in all teleost fish species. Praniza parasite of C. arabicum has long body, concave cephalon, narrowing anteriorly with truncate frontal margin, the compound eyes large, pleotelson triangular, uropods have endopods not extending beyond the end of the pleotelson. ","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85938772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.10
M. Taher, S. J. Muhammed, A. Mojer, A. Al-Dubakel
A laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Thepax and Endo Vit. C as feed additives in the formulated diet on the growth performance of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The feed (30.11% crude protein) manufactured in the laboratory using raw local materials diet. Young grass carp (Average weight 3.36± 0.95 g) obtained from Aquaculture Unit ponds in Al-Hartha Station for Agricultural Researches, North Basrah. The fish were stocked in nine glass aquarium, three replicates for each treatment, of dimensions 60×40×30 cm provided with pumping aeration. The experimental diets included a control T1 (0% additives), T2 (1g Thepax/kg diet) and T3 (1g Endo Vit. C /kg diet) were used in feeding trail of current experiment. The experiment lasted for 57 days (from 29 Nov. to 24 Jan.) and fishes were fed six days a week using 5% of fish weight as feeding ratio. Results of current study reveals that grass carp fed on formulated feed supplemented with Endo vit. C having high growth performance (WG, DGR, RGR and SGR). The lowest Feed conversion ratio (2.511) was recorded in T3 this value was statistically significant (P≤0.05) with T2 while the highest value (2.767) was observed on the control. Protein efficiency ratio, feed intake and gross conversion efficiency were also recorded high values in T3, but control displayed superior values compared with Thepax treatment, which showed higher value of Relative feed intake compared to other two treatments.
{"title":"The Effect of Some Food Additives on Growth Parameters of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Fingerlings","authors":"M. Taher, S. J. Muhammed, A. Mojer, A. Al-Dubakel","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"A laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Thepax and Endo Vit. C as feed additives in the formulated diet on the growth performance of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The feed (30.11% crude protein) manufactured in the laboratory using raw local materials diet. Young grass carp (Average weight 3.36± 0.95 g) obtained from Aquaculture Unit ponds in Al-Hartha Station for Agricultural Researches, North Basrah. The fish were stocked in nine glass aquarium, three replicates for each treatment, of dimensions 60×40×30 cm provided with pumping aeration. The experimental diets included a control T1 (0% additives), T2 (1g Thepax/kg diet) and T3 (1g Endo Vit. C /kg diet) were used in feeding trail of current experiment. The experiment lasted for 57 days (from 29 Nov. to 24 Jan.) and fishes were fed six days a week using 5% of fish weight as feeding ratio. Results of current study reveals that grass carp fed on formulated feed supplemented with Endo vit. C having high growth performance (WG, DGR, RGR and SGR). The lowest Feed conversion ratio (2.511) was recorded in T3 this value was statistically significant (P≤0.05) with T2 while the highest value (2.767) was observed on the control. Protein efficiency ratio, feed intake and gross conversion efficiency were also recorded high values in T3, but control displayed superior values compared with Thepax treatment, which showed higher value of Relative feed intake compared to other two treatments.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89635270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.07
Basim A. Jaber, K. R. Majeed, A. Al-Hashimi
Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid organic pigments found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae, and come in a variety of colours including yellow, orange, red, and pink, fund all of these organisms, carotenoids can be complex lipids and other metabolic components. Carotenoids are used in a variety of ways, including as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and food additives.The present study included the isolation of bacteria producing carotenoids pigments that isolated from different sources (soil, food and air) in Basrah, Iraq. Results showed, that out of 24 isolates isolated from above sources which can be produce carotenoids. Ten of those isolates were gave the highest productivity of pigments. Morphological, biochemical, and gene investigations were performed on all 10 isolates. The 16SrRNA sequence analysis of all isolates was recorded as new strains and put in the BDDJ Gene Bank, and the phylogenetic tree of the isolates was constructed using MEGA 6 software. Those strains that are the primary screening for carotenoids production.Bacterial isolates were characterized and identified based on phenotypic properties and molecular techniques. five strains, belonging to genera of Plantibacter flavus BKA3, Sphingobacteruim faccium BKA4, Stenotrophomonas pavanii BKA5, Microbacteruim keltanolyticum BKA6, Brachybacteruim muris BKA12, were isolated from soil and four strains, belonging to genera of Kocuria turfanesis BKA8, Kocuria rosea BKA10, Massilia timonae BKA11, were isolated from air, the strain Pseudomonase cani BkA13 and P. fluorescens BKA2, isolated from food. The carotenoid was extracted by methanol solvent and it’s analyzed by spectrophotometric within 400-600nm and wave length maximum was found at 460nm. The results showed the isolate of K. turfanesis BKA8, reached a height of carotenoid content of 753.11g.gm-1 after 72 hours of shaking culture at 150 rpm in nutrient broth at 27˚C, pH 7.
{"title":"Isolation and Identification of New Strains of Bacteria Producing Carotenoids Pigments which Isolated from a Different Sources in Basrah, Iraq","authors":"Basim A. Jaber, K. R. Majeed, A. Al-Hashimi","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.07","url":null,"abstract":"Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid organic pigments found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae, and come in a variety of colours including yellow, orange, red, and pink, fund all of these organisms, carotenoids can be complex lipids and other metabolic components. Carotenoids are used in a variety of ways, including as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and food additives.The present study included the isolation of bacteria producing carotenoids pigments that isolated from different sources (soil, food and air) in Basrah, Iraq. Results showed, that out of 24 isolates isolated from above sources which can be produce carotenoids. Ten of those isolates were gave the highest productivity of pigments. Morphological, biochemical, and gene investigations were performed on all 10 isolates. The 16SrRNA sequence analysis of all isolates was recorded as new strains and put in the BDDJ Gene Bank, and the phylogenetic tree of the isolates was constructed using MEGA 6 software. Those strains that are the primary screening for carotenoids production.Bacterial isolates were characterized and identified based on phenotypic properties and molecular techniques. five strains, belonging to genera of Plantibacter flavus BKA3, Sphingobacteruim faccium BKA4, Stenotrophomonas pavanii BKA5, Microbacteruim keltanolyticum BKA6, Brachybacteruim muris BKA12, were isolated from soil and four strains, belonging to genera of Kocuria turfanesis BKA8, Kocuria rosea BKA10, Massilia timonae BKA11, were isolated from air, the strain Pseudomonase cani BkA13 and P. fluorescens BKA2, isolated from food. The carotenoid was extracted by methanol solvent and it’s analyzed by spectrophotometric within 400-600nm and wave length maximum was found at 460nm. The results showed the isolate of K. turfanesis BKA8, reached a height of carotenoid content of 753.11g.gm-1 after 72 hours of shaking culture at 150 rpm in nutrient broth at 27˚C, pH 7.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82219757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.08
Hala H. M. Al-Abadi, Wasan K. A. AI-Temimi
Fish skin, bones and scales are a good source of collagen, for the sake of exploitation these fish wastes of high commercial worth and convert them into food, therapeutic and pharmaceutical products. Therefore, the study included extracting collagen with acetic acid at a concentration 0.5 M and pepsin enzyme 0.1% from fish Cyprinus carpio scales and then producing hydrolyzed collagen protein. Chemical content of the scales was estimated from the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash, as it was found (55.36, 35.85, 2.47 and 5.99) %, respectively. The metallic elements represented by (Ca, P, Fe and Zn), they reached (153430, 1887.5, 71.455 and 48.045) µg.g-1. The collagen yield by the two methods mentioned above was 16.40% and 5.30%, respectively. Diagnosis of collagen extracted with acid using FT-IR technique and determination of the active groups in it, the presence of amides A, B, I, II and III was observed at frequencies 3413.39, 2924.52, 1653.66, 1548.56 and 1240 cm-1, respectively. Hydrolysed collagen was prepared using Collagenase enzyme followed by Pepsin enzyme, the highest degree of hydrolysis reached 43.56% after four hours. The electrophoresis of collagen extracted with acid and enzyme was carried out, as three bundles of collagen α1, α2 and β were obtained with weights (126, 100 and 180) KD, respectively.
{"title":"Production of Hydrolyzed Collagen from Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. Scales by Synergistic Enzyme Systems","authors":"Hala H. M. Al-Abadi, Wasan K. A. AI-Temimi","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.08","url":null,"abstract":"Fish skin, bones and scales are a good source of collagen, for the sake of exploitation these fish wastes of high commercial worth and convert them into food, therapeutic and pharmaceutical products. Therefore, the study included extracting collagen with acetic acid at a concentration 0.5 M and pepsin enzyme 0.1% from fish Cyprinus carpio scales and then producing hydrolyzed collagen protein. Chemical content of the scales was estimated from the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash, as it was found (55.36, 35.85, 2.47 and 5.99) %, respectively. The metallic elements represented by (Ca, P, Fe and Zn), they reached (153430, 1887.5, 71.455 and 48.045) µg.g-1. The collagen yield by the two methods mentioned above was 16.40% and 5.30%, respectively. Diagnosis of collagen extracted with acid using FT-IR technique and determination of the active groups in it, the presence of amides A, B, I, II and III was observed at frequencies 3413.39, 2924.52, 1653.66, 1548.56 and 1240 cm-1, respectively. Hydrolysed collagen was prepared using Collagenase enzyme followed by Pepsin enzyme, the highest degree of hydrolysis reached 43.56% after four hours. The electrophoresis of collagen extracted with acid and enzyme was carried out, as three bundles of collagen α1, α2 and β were obtained with weights (126, 100 and 180) KD, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88234429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.09
Urooj Aftab, Safdar Ali, Muhammad Usman Ghani, M. Sajid, M. Zeshan, Nadeem Ahmed, R. Mahmood
Rice is one of the most important crops in Pakistan, grown all over the world. Rice production has decreased due to susceptibility to a number of biological and abiotic factors. One of the oldest diseases is bacterial leaf blight of rice. The causative agent of the disease is Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In this study, seedlings of four commercially grown rice varieties were sown by following the randomized complete block design (RCBD). Four treatments were used to manage the disease and to promote the plant growth. Correlation and regression analysis was used to study the relation of BLB disease and environmental factors. It was observed that plant height increased by the application of NPK followed by Farm yard manure, boron and leaf manure. Panicle length and weight was maximum in boron treated plants while minimum in FYM. Minimum disease severity was recorded in NPK treatment followed by boron FYM and leaf manure. All the environmental variables showed significantly negative relationship with the development BLB disease. These results would be beneficial for the farming community to devise management options against BLB disease.
{"title":"Epidemiological Studies of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice and its Management","authors":"Urooj Aftab, Safdar Ali, Muhammad Usman Ghani, M. Sajid, M. Zeshan, Nadeem Ahmed, R. Mahmood","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"Rice is one of the most important crops in Pakistan, grown all over the world. Rice production has decreased due to susceptibility to a number of biological and abiotic factors. One of the oldest diseases is bacterial leaf blight of rice. The causative agent of the disease is Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In this study, seedlings of four commercially grown rice varieties were sown by following the randomized complete block design (RCBD). Four treatments were used to manage the disease and to promote the plant growth. Correlation and regression analysis was used to study the relation of BLB disease and environmental factors. It was observed that plant height increased by the application of NPK followed by Farm yard manure, boron and leaf manure. Panicle length and weight was maximum in boron treated plants while minimum in FYM. Minimum disease severity was recorded in NPK treatment followed by boron FYM and leaf manure. All the environmental variables showed significantly negative relationship with the development BLB disease. These results would be beneficial for the farming community to devise management options against BLB disease.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86891864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.06
T. Abdullah, A. Javadmanesh, Sajed S. Al-Noor
Hilsa species are broadly described as largely anadromous fish with a large valuable population size. It is well-known as one of the most critical commercial and occurs in marine, estuarine and riverine environments Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha locally known as Sbour, migrates to the freshwater environment of the Shatt Al-Arab River systems for breeding. It was determined the genetic variation in 70 specimens of T. ilisha from four sites at the Shatt Al-Arab River, the mtDNA cytochrome-b gene was selected as a molecular marker for detecting genetic diversity, origin, and divergence of the population through comparing them with 6 samples from different locations at Indo-Pacific. The AMOVA analysis showed that the variation between groups is 60.97% and 39.02% within population indicating statistically significant P value (P<0.05). Furthermore, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed two main clusters of all T. ilisha groups representing two stocks of separated breeding grounds have a common ancestor.
{"title":"Genetic Indications for Anadromous Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in Shatt Al-Arab River Using mtDNA Cytochrome B Gene","authors":"T. Abdullah, A. Javadmanesh, Sajed S. Al-Noor","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.06","url":null,"abstract":"Hilsa species are broadly described as largely anadromous fish with a large valuable population size. It is well-known as one of the most critical commercial and occurs in marine, estuarine and riverine environments Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha locally known as Sbour, migrates to the freshwater environment of the Shatt Al-Arab River systems for breeding. It was determined the genetic variation in 70 specimens of T. ilisha from four sites at the Shatt Al-Arab River, the mtDNA cytochrome-b gene was selected as a molecular marker for detecting genetic diversity, origin, and divergence of the population through comparing them with 6 samples from different locations at Indo-Pacific. The AMOVA analysis showed that the variation between groups is 60.97% and 39.02% within population indicating statistically significant P value (P<0.05). Furthermore, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed two main clusters of all T. ilisha groups representing two stocks of separated breeding grounds have a common ancestor.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75789932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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