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Smart Computing Techniques for Predicting Soil Compaction Criteria under Realistic Field Conditions 在实际现场条件下预测土壤压实标准的智能计算技术
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.15
Abdullah A. G. Salim, S. Almaliki, Dakhel R. Nedawi
The primary objective of this paper was to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) simulation environment and mathematical models for predicting with high accuracy soil compression parameters. The experiments were conducted at the College of Agriculture - University of Basra, located at Garmat Ali, the soil was silty clay loam. The factors that were investigated are moisture content (14 and 24%), tillage depths (0, 15, 30, 45, and 50 cm) forward speeds (0.57, 0.94, and 1.34 m.s-1) and tire pressures (50, 100, and 150 kPa). ANN environment was developed with the back propagation algorithm using MATLAB software with various structures and training algorithms. Design Expert software utilized to evaluate the studied parameters and produce mathematical models. The results showed that all studied parameters had a significant effect on soil physical properties including bulk density and cone index. The effects of the studied factors on bulk density were depth > moisture content > forward speed, > tire pressure (6% 4%, 2.4%, 2%, respectively). Whereas, the order of the investigated factors based on their effects on cone index were depth > moisture content > tire pressure > forward speed (6%, 4%, 2.4% and 2%, respectively). The best model for predicting the bulk density under different field conditions was the 4-8-1 architecture. Levenberg-Marquardt (Trainlm) produced outstanding performance with an MSE of 0.00226 and R2 of 0.986. Moreover, this performance was occurring at an epoch of 100. For predicting cone index, the best performance was achieved by Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm) in 85 epochs, giving minimum MSE equal to 0.005112 and greater (R2) equal to 0.967 during the training process. Thus, the optimal structure for predicting cone index was 4-7-1.
本文的主要目标是建立一个人工神经网络(ANN)模拟环境和高精度预测土壤压缩参数的数学模型。实验在位于Garmat Ali的巴士拉大学农业学院进行,土壤为粉质粘土壤土。研究的影响因素包括水分含量(14%和24%)、耕作深度(0、15、30、45和50 cm)、前进速度(0.57、0.94和1.34 m.s-1)和轮胎压力(50、100和150 kPa)。利用具有多种结构和训练算法的MATLAB软件,利用反向传播算法开发了人工神经网络环境。利用Design Expert软件对所研究的参数进行评估并生成数学模型。结果表明,各参数对土壤容重、锥指数等物理性质均有显著影响。影响堆积密度的因素分别为:深度b>含水率>前进速度>胎压(分别为6%、4%、2.4%、2%)。各因素对轮胎锥指数的影响大小依次为:深度、含水量、胎压、前进速度(分别为6%、4%、2.4%和2%)。预测不同现场条件下堆积密度的最佳模型为4-8-1结构。Levenberg-Marquardt (Trainlm)表现优异,MSE为0.00226,R2为0.986。此外,这种表现发生在100年的纪元。对于圆锥指数的预测,Levenberg-Marquardt (trainlm)方法在85个epoch中取得了最好的效果,在训练过程中,最小的MSE为0.005112,最大的(R2)为0.967。因此,预测锥指数的最优结构为4-7-1。
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引用次数: 1
Moringa oleifera Seed Treated Sanitized Water Effect on Growth and Morpho-physiology of Commonly Consumed Vegetables of Malaysia 辣木种子消毒水对马来西亚常用蔬菜生长和形态生理的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-27 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.13
Md. Amirul Alam, Suhara B. Alias, Januarius Gobilik, S. Mijin, M. M. Khandaker
Moringa oleifera seed solution was used in this study to treat municipal wastewater that were used as the treatment in this study. There were 3 treatments used; treated wastewater, normal tape water and untreated wastewater. The wastewater were collected at main drainage at Batu 7 (5o52’57.2’’N 118o02’39.7”E) and diagnosed based on the pH and EC. Data on plant height (cm), number of leaves, leaves length (cm), chlorophyll, and number of primary branches were taken every week until week 4. For root length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g) and moisture were taken after the harvesting. The data collected were analyzed by using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) version 9.4 computer program with experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The means were separated and compared using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 0.05 significant level. M. oleifera seeds solution treated irrigation exhibited positive outcomes for most of the parameters recorded, but response of different vegetables were also different on varied parameters. The increase of pH from untreated waste water (6.40) to sanitized/treated waste water (6.73) and reduction of EC from untreated waste water (367.9) to sanitized/treated waste water (359.1) is the proof of making nutrients more available for plants uptake. From the overall study it is proved that M. oleifera seeds are suitable as the replacement and an alternative besides chemical coagulant to treat wastewater which is cheaper, eco-friendly and sustainable to be used in agricultural irrigation based on all the parameters evaluated in this study.
本研究采用辣木籽液对作为本研究处理对象的城市污水进行处理。共采用3种处理;处理过的废水、普通胶带水和未经处理的废水。污水收集于Batu 7(5052′57.2”N 118002′39.7”E)主排水,并根据pH和EC进行诊断。每周采集株高(cm)、叶数、叶长(cm)、叶绿素和一次枝数的数据,直到第4周。采后测定根长(cm)、鲜重(g)、干重(g)和水分。采用统计分析软件(SAS) 9.4版计算机程序对收集的数据进行分析,实验设计采用随机完全块设计(RCBD)。采用Duncan 's Multiple Range Test (DMRT)在0.05显著水平下进行均值分离和比较。油菜籽液处理灌溉对大部分参数的响应均为正,但不同蔬菜对不同参数的响应也存在差异。从未经处理的废水(6.40)到经过消毒/处理的废水(6.73)的pH值增加,以及从未经处理的废水(367.9)到经过消毒/处理的废水(359.1)的EC的减少,都证明了植物可以更有效地吸收营养物质。从整体研究来看,综合本研究评价的各项参数,证明油籽适合作为化学混凝剂以外的废水处理的替代品和替代品,成本更低、环保、可持续,可用于农业灌溉。
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引用次数: 0
Application of Safety-First Approach to Measure Risk Behavior of Wheat Farmers in Reclaimed Lands in Iraq for the Season 2019 (Wasit province as an Applied Model) 应用安全优先法衡量伊拉克2019季复垦小麦农户风险行为(以Wasit省为应用模型)
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-27 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.14
Z. H. Mahmood, Saad A. Nasir, Maida H. Ali
This study aimed to investigate the application of safety-first approach to measure the risk behavior of wheat farmers in unreclaim land. A random sample of 105 farms in Wasit province for season 2019 were used. The analysis was divided into three stages. The first stage was to estimate the production function (Cob-Douglas) of wheat using the regression method of the Robust M-Weighted Estimator (R.M.W) to represent the functional relationship between quantity of produced wheat and the independent variables (seed, fertilizers, pesticides, number of mechanical and human).The second stage included an analysis of farmers' behavior towards risk based on safety-first standards. It was found that the number of farmers affording high, medium and natural risks were 46, 24 and 33, respectively, representing 43.8%, 24.76%, 31.34% of the total farmers, respectively. Third stage analyzed the factors affecting the farmers' behavior towards risk, using a multiple logistic regression model. The results indicated that farmers having normal or medium salinity soil, long experience (more than 25 years) and those owning their agricultural lands bear the risks more than their counterparts with high salinity soils, shorter experience and tenants of agricultural lands. Therefore, the study recommends conducting maintenance operations on the main and secondary drainage networks to ensure low salinity levels to obtain high productivity.
本研究旨在探讨安全第一方法在未开垦土地小麦农户风险行为测量中的应用。研究使用了2019年瓦西特省105个农场的随机样本。分析分为三个阶段。第一阶段是利用稳健m加权估计器(R.M.W)的回归方法估计小麦的生产函数(Cob-Douglas),以表示小麦产量与自变量(种子、肥料、农药、机械和人力数量)之间的函数关系。第二阶段包括基于安全第一标准的农民风险行为分析。高、中、自然风险农户分别为46户、24户和33户,分别占农户总数的43.8%、24.76%和31.34%。第三阶段运用多元logistic回归模型分析农户风险行为的影响因素。结果表明:土壤正常或中等盐度、经验较长(25年以上)和拥有农用地的农民比土壤高盐度、经验较短和拥有农用地的农民承担的风险更大;因此,该研究建议对主要和次要排水网络进行维护操作,以确保低盐度水平以获得高生产力。
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引用次数: 0
GIS and AHP Based Techniques for Agricultural Land Suitability Assessment in Erbil Province, Kurdistan region, Iraq 基于GIS和AHP的伊拉克埃尔比勒省农用地适宜性评价技术
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-14 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.12
H. Razvanchy, M. Fayyadh
The study area comprises Erbil province, Kurdistan region, Iraq. Thirty-five soil samples have been taken from different districts. Several soil analyses have been performed in order to find soil loss as a criterion for land suitability assessment. The other criteria were elevation, slope, aspect ratio, and land use and land cover (LULC). All used criteria have been weighted using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology to find their priorities in order to use them on weighted overlay methodology (WOM) based on the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technique. Integration of AHP and GIS have been utilized in purpose to find the land suitability based on five classes; high suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), not suitable (N1), and not suitable permanently (N2). The result of land suitability shows that the S1 class is generally located at the northwest of the middle part in the study area extended to the southwest, and it occupies an area of 1243.94 km2 (8.61%). The S2 class occupies a minimum area of 85.52 km2 (0.59%), while the S3 class occupies a massive area relatively about 4886.75 km2 (33.82%). The N1 class occupies the highest area, around 6538.32 km2 (45.26%). At the same time, N2 class takes 1693.16 km2 (11.72%). Both N1 and N2 have an area of 8,231 km2 (56.98%) of the total area while S1, S2, and S3, which takes only 6,216 km2 (43.02%).In this study we found the possibility of using GIS and AHP in order to find the land suitability assessment.
研究区域包括伊拉克库尔德斯坦地区埃尔比勒省。从不同地区采集了35个土壤样本。已经进行了几次土壤分析,以便找到土壤流失作为土地适宜性评价的标准。其他标准包括高程、坡度、纵横比、土地利用和土地覆盖(LULC)。在基于地理信息系统(GIS)技术的加权叠加法(WOM)中,采用层次分析法(AHP)对所有标准进行加权,确定其优先级。利用层次分析法和地理信息系统相结合的方法,将土地适宜性划分为5个等级;高度适宜(S1)、中等适宜(S2)、略为适宜(S3)、不适宜(N1)、永久不适宜(N2)。土地适宜性结果表明,S1类总体分布在研究区向西南延伸的中部西北部,面积为1243.94 km2(8.61%)。S2类占地面积最小,为85.52 km2(0.59%),而S3类占地面积较大,约为4886.75 km2(33.82%)。N1类的面积最大,约为6538.32 km2(45.26%)。N2类占地面积为1693.16 km2(11.72%)。N1和N2的面积均为8231 km2(56.98%),而S1、S2和S3的面积仅为6216 km2(43.02%)。本研究发现了利用GIS和AHP进行土地适宜性评价的可能性。
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引用次数: 1
Praniza (Isopoda: Gnathia) Parasitic on Gills of Arabian carpetshark Chiloscyllium arabicum with Notes of its Occurrence on some Marine Fishes of Iraq 阿拉伯地毯鲨鳃上的寄生虫(等足目:Gnathia)及其在伊拉克一些海洋鱼类上的分布
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.11
T. K. Adday, N. R. Khamees
Praniza larvae of Gnathia sp. were reported on the gills of 18 Iraqi sea fish species. Hosts were eight elasmobranchs and 10 teleosts. Cartilaginous hosts belong to four families, with highest mean prevalence was 100% in Pastinachus sephen, while the lowest prevalence was 25% in Gymnura poecilura. Teleost hosts belong to seven families, the highest prevalence was 50% in Rabdosargus haffara and the lowest was 1.6% in Tenualosa ilisha. The higher mean intensity of infection was 12.3 in Chiloscyllium arabicum, and only one in all teleost fish species. Praniza parasite of C. arabicum has long body, concave cephalon, narrowing anteriorly with truncate frontal margin, the compound eyes large, pleotelson triangular, uropods have endopods not extending beyond the end of the pleotelson. 
在18种伊拉克海鱼的鳃上发现了Gnathia属的priniza幼虫。宿主为8种板鳃鱼和10种硬骨鱼。软骨寄主分4科,平均患病率最高的是帕斯纳丘斯(Pastinachus sephen)为100%,最低的是金蝇(Gymnura poecilura)为25%。硬骨鱼宿主分为7个科,其中Rabdosargus haffara患病率最高,为50%,Tenualosa ilisha患病率最低,为1.6%。arabicum的平均感染强度最高,为12.3,所有硬骨鱼的平均感染强度只有1。arabicum的Praniza寄生体长,头凹,前缩窄,额缘截形,复眼大,舌部三角形,尾足有不超过舌部末端的内足。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Some Food Additives on Growth Parameters of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella Fingerlings 几种食品添加剂对草鱼鱼种生长参数的影响
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.10
M. Taher, S. J. Muhammed, A. Mojer, A. Al-Dubakel
A laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Thepax and Endo Vit. C as feed additives in the formulated diet on the growth performance of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. The feed (30.11% crude protein) manufactured in the laboratory using raw local materials diet. Young grass carp (Average weight 3.36± 0.95 g) obtained from Aquaculture Unit ponds in Al-Hartha Station for Agricultural Researches, North Basrah. The fish were stocked in nine glass aquarium, three replicates for each treatment, of dimensions 60×40×30 cm provided with pumping aeration. The experimental diets included a control T1 (0% additives), T2 (1g Thepax/kg diet) and T3 (1g Endo Vit. C /kg diet) were used in feeding trail of current experiment. The experiment lasted for 57 days (from 29 Nov. to 24 Jan.) and fishes were fed six days a week using 5% of fish weight as feeding ratio. Results of current study reveals that grass carp fed on formulated feed supplemented with Endo vit. C having high growth performance (WG, DGR, RGR and SGR). The lowest Feed conversion ratio (2.511) was recorded in T3 this value was statistically significant (P≤0.05) with T2 while the highest value (2.767) was observed on the control. Protein efficiency ratio, feed intake and gross conversion efficiency were also recorded high values in T3, but control displayed superior values compared with Thepax treatment, which showed higher value of Relative feed intake compared to other two treatments.
通过室内实验研究了Thepax和Endo Vit的作用。饲料中添加C对草鱼生长性能的影响。实验室生产的饲料(粗蛋白质30.11%)采用当地原料日粮。幼草鱼(平均体重3.36±0.95 g)采自北巴士拉Al-Hartha农业研究站水产养殖单元池塘。鱼在9个玻璃水族箱中放养,每个处理3个重复,尺寸为60×40×30 cm,并提供泵气。试验饲粮为对照T1(0%添加剂)、T2 (1g Thepax/kg饲粮)和T3 (1g Endo Vit)。本试验饲喂试验采用C /kg日粮)。试验期57 d(11月29日~ 1月24日),以鱼重的5%为投喂比例,每周投喂6天。目前的研究结果表明,草鱼在配方饲料中添加远藤vit。C具有高生长性能(WG、DGR、RGR和SGR)。T3组饲料系数最低,为2.511,与T2组差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05),对照组饲料系数最高,为2.767。T3期蛋白质效率、采食量和总转化效率均有较高的数值,但对照组的相对采食量高于Thepax处理,其相对采食量高于其他两个处理。
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引用次数: 3
Isolation and Identification of New Strains of Bacteria Producing Carotenoids Pigments which Isolated from a Different Sources in Basrah, Iraq 伊拉克巴士拉不同来源产类胡萝卜素色素细菌新菌株的分离鉴定
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.07
Basim A. Jaber, K. R. Majeed, A. Al-Hashimi
Carotenoids are tetraterpenoid organic pigments found in plants, bacteria, fungi, and algae, and come in a variety of colours including yellow, orange, red, and pink, fund all of these organisms, carotenoids can be complex lipids and other metabolic components. Carotenoids are used in a variety of ways, including as antioxidants, antibacterial agents, and food additives.The present study included the isolation of bacteria producing carotenoids pigments that isolated from different sources (soil, food and air) in Basrah, Iraq. Results showed, that out of 24 isolates isolated from above sources which can be produce carotenoids. Ten of those isolates were gave the highest productivity of pigments. Morphological, biochemical, and gene investigations were performed on all 10 isolates. The 16SrRNA sequence analysis of all isolates was recorded as new strains and put in the BDDJ Gene Bank, and the phylogenetic tree of the isolates was constructed using MEGA 6 software. Those strains that are the primary screening for carotenoids production.Bacterial isolates were characterized and identified based on phenotypic properties and molecular techniques. five strains, belonging to genera  of Plantibacter flavus BKA3, Sphingobacteruim faccium BKA4, Stenotrophomonas pavanii BKA5, Microbacteruim keltanolyticum BKA6, Brachybacteruim muris BKA12, were isolated from soil and four strains, belonging to genera of Kocuria turfanesis BKA8, Kocuria  rosea BKA10, Massilia timonae BKA11, were isolated from air, the strain Pseudomonase cani BkA13 and P. fluorescens BKA2, isolated from food. The carotenoid was extracted by methanol solvent and it’s analyzed by spectrophotometric within 400-600nm and wave length maximum was found at 460nm. The results showed the isolate of K. turfanesis BKA8, reached a height of carotenoid content of 753.11g.gm-1 after 72 hours of shaking culture at 150 rpm in nutrient broth at 27˚C, pH 7.
类胡萝卜素是在植物、细菌、真菌和藻类中发现的四萜类有机色素,有多种颜色,包括黄色、橙色、红色和粉红色,在所有这些生物中,类胡萝卜素可以是复杂的脂质和其他代谢成分。类胡萝卜素有多种用途,包括抗氧化剂、抗菌剂和食品添加剂。本研究包括从伊拉克巴士拉的不同来源(土壤、食物和空气)分离出产生类胡萝卜素色素的细菌。结果表明,从上述来源分离得到的24株菌株均能产生类胡萝卜素。其中10个菌株的色素产量最高。对所有分离株进行形态学、生化和基因分析。所有分离株的16SrRNA序列分析作为新菌株录入BDDJ基因库,并利用MEGA 6软件构建分离株的系统发育树。这些菌株是类胡萝卜素生产的主要筛选对象。根据表型特性和分子技术对细菌分离物进行了表征和鉴定。从土壤中分离到黄植物杆菌BKA3属、面孢杆菌BKA4属、帕氏窄养单胞菌BKA5属、keltanolymicrobacterum BKA6属、murachybacteruum BKA12属5株,从空气中分离到turfania BKA8属、Kocuria rosea BKA10属、Massilia timonae BKA11属4株,从食物中分离到cani假单胞菌BkA13属和P. fluorescens BKA2属。用甲醇溶剂提取类胡萝卜素,在400 ~ 600nm范围内进行分光光度分析,最大波长在460nm处。结果表明,该菌株BKA8类胡萝卜素含量高达753.11g。gm-1在27˚C, pH 7的营养液中以150 rpm摇培养72小时。
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引用次数: 1
Production of Hydrolyzed Collagen from Common Carp Cyprinus carpio L. Scales by Synergistic Enzyme Systems 协同酶系统生产鲤鱼鱼鳞水解胶原蛋白的研究
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.08
Hala H. M. Al-Abadi, Wasan K. A. AI-Temimi
Fish skin, bones and scales are a good source of collagen, for the sake of exploitation these fish wastes of high commercial worth and convert them into food, therapeutic and pharmaceutical products. Therefore, the study included extracting collagen with acetic acid at a concentration 0.5 M and pepsin enzyme 0.1% from fish Cyprinus carpio scales and then producing hydrolyzed collagen protein. Chemical content of the scales was estimated from the percentage of moisture, protein, fat and ash, as it was found (55.36, 35.85, 2.47 and 5.99) %, respectively. The metallic elements represented by (Ca, P, Fe and Zn), they reached (153430, 1887.5, 71.455 and 48.045) µg.g-1. The collagen yield by the two methods mentioned above was 16.40% and 5.30%, respectively. Diagnosis of collagen extracted with acid using FT-IR technique and determination of the active groups in it, the presence of amides A, B, I, II and III was observed at frequencies 3413.39, 2924.52, 1653.66, 1548.56 and 1240 cm-1, respectively. Hydrolysed collagen was prepared using Collagenase enzyme followed by Pepsin enzyme, the highest degree of hydrolysis reached 43.56% after four hours. The electrophoresis of collagen extracted with acid and enzyme was carried out, as three bundles of collagen α1, α2 and β were obtained with weights (126, 100 and 180) KD, respectively.
鱼皮、鱼骨和鱼鳞是胶原蛋白的良好来源,为了开发利用这些具有高商业价值的鱼类废物,并将其转化为食品、治疗和药品。因此,本研究采用浓度为0.5 M的醋酸和0.1%的胃蛋白酶酶从鲤鱼鳞中提取胶原蛋白,制备水解的胶原蛋白。根据水分、蛋白质、脂肪和灰分的百分比估算了鳞片的化学含量,分别为55.36、35.85、2.47和5.99 %。以Ca、P、Fe和Zn为代表的金属元素分别达到(153430、1887.5、71.455和48.045)µg -1。两种方法的胶原蛋白得率分别为16.40%和5.30%。用FT-IR技术对酸提取的胶原蛋白进行诊断并测定其活性基团,在3413.39、2924.52、1653.66、1548.56和1240 cm-1的频率上分别观察到酰胺A、B、I、II和III的存在。先用胶原酶,再用胃蛋白酶制备水解胶原,4 h后水解度最高,达到43.56%。对酸提取和酶提取的胶原蛋白进行电泳,得到α1、α2和β三束胶原蛋白,分子量分别为(126、100和180)KD。
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引用次数: 1
Epidemiological Studies of Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice and its Management 水稻白叶枯病流行病学研究及防治
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.09
Urooj Aftab, Safdar Ali, Muhammad Usman Ghani, M. Sajid, M. Zeshan, Nadeem Ahmed, R. Mahmood
Rice is one of the most important crops in Pakistan, grown all over the world. Rice production has decreased due to susceptibility to a number of biological and abiotic factors. One of the oldest diseases is bacterial leaf blight of rice. The causative agent of the disease is Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In this study, seedlings of four commercially grown rice varieties were sown by following the randomized complete block design (RCBD). Four treatments were used to manage the disease and to promote the plant growth. Correlation and regression analysis was used to study the relation of BLB disease and environmental factors. It was observed that plant height increased by the application of NPK followed by Farm yard manure, boron and leaf manure. Panicle length and weight was maximum in boron treated plants while minimum in FYM. Minimum disease severity was recorded in NPK treatment followed by boron FYM and leaf manure. All the environmental variables showed significantly negative relationship with the development BLB disease. These results would be beneficial for the farming community to devise management options against BLB disease.
水稻是巴基斯坦最重要的作物之一,在世界各地都有种植。由于对许多生物和非生物因素的敏感性,水稻产量下降。水稻细菌性叶枯病是最古老的病害之一。该病的病原体是米黄单胞菌。oryzae。在本研究中,采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD)播种4个商业水稻品种的幼苗。采用四种处理方法控制病害,促进植株生长。采用相关及回归分析方法研究BLB发病与环境因素的关系。结果表明,施用氮磷钾后,再施用厩肥、硼肥和叶肥,株高增加。穗长和穗重在硼处理植株中最大,在富硼处理植株中最小。氮磷钾处理的疾病严重程度最低,其次是硼FYM和叶肥处理。所有环境变量与BLB病的发生呈显著负相关。这些结果将有利于农业社区制定针对BLB疾病的管理方案。
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引用次数: 1
Genetic Indications for Anadromous Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) in Shatt Al-Arab River Using mtDNA Cytochrome B Gene 利用mtDNA细胞色素B基因研究阿拉伯河溯河红鲑的遗传适应证
Q4 Agricultural and Biological Sciences Pub Date : 2022-03-04 DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.06
T. Abdullah, A. Javadmanesh, Sajed S. Al-Noor
Hilsa species are broadly described as largely anadromous fish with a large valuable population size. It is well-known as one of the most critical commercial and occurs in marine, estuarine and riverine environments Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha locally known as Sbour, migrates to the freshwater environment of the Shatt Al-Arab River systems for breeding. It was determined the genetic variation in 70 specimens of T. ilisha from four sites at the Shatt Al-Arab River, the mtDNA cytochrome-b gene was selected as a molecular marker for detecting genetic diversity, origin, and divergence of the population through comparing them with 6 samples from different locations at Indo-Pacific. The AMOVA analysis showed that the variation between groups is 60.97% and 39.02% within population indicating statistically significant P value (P<0.05). Furthermore, the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed two main clusters of all T. ilisha groups representing two stocks of separated breeding grounds have a common ancestor.
Hilsa物种被广泛地描述为具有大量有价值的种群规模的大部分溯河鱼类。它是众所周知的最重要的商业物种之一,发生在海洋、河口和河流环境中,Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha在当地被称为sour,迁徙到阿拉伯河系统的淡水环境中繁殖。通过与印度-太平洋地区不同地点的6个样本进行比较,选择mtDNA细胞色素-b基因作为检测种群遗传多样性、起源和分化的分子标记。AMOVA分析显示,组间差异为60.97%,群体内差异为39.02%,P值有统计学意义(P<0.05)。此外,最大似然系统发育树显示,代表不同繁殖地的两个种群的两个主要聚类具有共同的祖先。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences
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