Pub Date : 2022-03-03DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.05
Narmin T. Mahjar, Khalid C. K. Al-Salhie
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of alcoholic garlic extract on hatching traits, liver enzymes, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens post-hatch. In total, 625 broiler breeder eggs (ROSS 308 strain with an average weight of 58.5 g) were divided into 5 treatments (each treatment had three replicates). At 0 embryonic day, the eggs were injected as follows: the first treatment without in ovo injection (negative control), eggs of second treatment were injected with 100 μL.egg-1 distilled water (sham control). The third, fourth, and fifth treatments were injected with 50, 100, and 150 μL.egg-1 of an alcoholic garlic extract respectively. The chicks were reared for 4 weeks after hatching according to in ovo treatments. Hatchability, embryonic mortality, chicks' weight, serum AST, ALT, GPx, SOD activities, and MDA concentration were all measured. The results showed that the hatchability of the fifth treatment was higher (P≤0.05) than those of the other treatments. On the other hand, the embryonic mortality of the fifth treatment was recorded less (P≤0.05) than those of the other treatments. The results of serum AST, ALT, GPx, SOD activities, and MDA concentration were non different significance (P>0.05) among treatments. It is concluded that a garlic extract injection with 150 μL.egg-1 improved hatchability and reduced embryonic mortality. Moreover, it did not affect the chick's weight, serum liver enzymes, and antioxidant status post-hatch.
{"title":"The effects of In Ovo Injection of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Extract on Hatchability, Liver Enzymes and Antioxidant status of Broiler Chickens","authors":"Narmin T. Mahjar, Khalid C. K. Al-Salhie","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of in ovo injection of alcoholic garlic extract on hatching traits, liver enzymes, and antioxidant status of broiler chickens post-hatch. In total, 625 broiler breeder eggs (ROSS 308 strain with an average weight of 58.5 g) were divided into 5 treatments (each treatment had three replicates). At 0 embryonic day, the eggs were injected as follows: the first treatment without in ovo injection (negative control), eggs of second treatment were injected with 100 μL.egg-1 distilled water (sham control). The third, fourth, and fifth treatments were injected with 50, 100, and 150 μL.egg-1 of an alcoholic garlic extract respectively. The chicks were reared for 4 weeks after hatching according to in ovo treatments. Hatchability, embryonic mortality, chicks' weight, serum AST, ALT, GPx, SOD activities, and MDA concentration were all measured. The results showed that the hatchability of the fifth treatment was higher (P≤0.05) than those of the other treatments. On the other hand, the embryonic mortality of the fifth treatment was recorded less (P≤0.05) than those of the other treatments. The results of serum AST, ALT, GPx, SOD activities, and MDA concentration were non different significance (P>0.05) among treatments. It is concluded that a garlic extract injection with 150 μL.egg-1 improved hatchability and reduced embryonic mortality. Moreover, it did not affect the chick's weight, serum liver enzymes, and antioxidant status post-hatch.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77744658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-25DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.04
S. J. Muhammed, A. Al-Dubakel, Ali I. Gowdet
The current study aims to compare the growth of young grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella fed on either artificial diet or alfalfa. The experiment was carried out in the earthen ponds of the Aquaculture Unit in the Agricultural Researches and Experiments Station (College of Agriculture, University of Basrah), which is located in the Al-Hartha district, approximately 16 km north of Basra (300 65' 64.6''N, 470 74' 79.5''E). The experiment begun from 26 July 2019 to 10 December 2019. Six ponds with an area of 600 square meters each were used for treatments. Fish were distributed equally to the culture ponds (600 fish per pond) at average individual weight of 6.3±0.28 g. Fish in artificial diet treatment were fed 5 % of the body weight and in alfalfa treatment 50 % of the body weight. Samples of fish were weighed every twenty days for the purpose of controlling growth parameters subsequently adjusting the daily feed provided based on the new weight. The growth criteria (final weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio) were calculated. Results of the current study showed that the water temperature is the most variable factor, for example, the highest temperature was 27.2oC in July, while the lowest temperature was 18.7oC in December. Results of growth criteria of the current study showed that grass carp in earthen ponds preferred alfalfa rather than the artificial diet, as the final average weight were 97.35, 47.18 g, the weight gain rate were 91.73, 40.75 g fish-1, the daily growth rate were 1.27, 0.42 g day-1, relative growth rate 1707.77, 629.99 %, specific growth rate were 3.92, 2.04 % day-1, feed conversion ratio were 11.75, 2.51and protein efficiency ratio were 1.75, 0.45 for fish fed on alfalfa plant and the artificial diet respectively.
本研究旨在比较人工饲料和苜蓿饲料对草鱼幼鱼生长的影响。试验是在农业研究和实验站(巴士拉大学农学院)水产养殖单元的土池中进行的，该试验站位于巴士拉以北约16公里(北纬300 65′64.6”，东经470 74′79.5”)的Al-Hartha区。该实验于2019年7月26日至2019年12月10日开始。6个面积为600平方米的池塘用于处理。鱼平均分配到养殖池，每池600条，平均单鱼重6.3±0.28 g。人工饲料组饲喂体重的5%，苜蓿饲料组饲喂体重的50%。每隔20天对鱼样进行称重，以控制生长参数，然后根据新的体重调整日饲料。计算生长指标(末重、增重、日生长率、特定生长率、相对生长率、饲料系数和蛋白质效率)。目前的研究结果表明，水温是变化最大的因素，如7月最高温度为27.2oC, 12月最低温度为18.7oC。本研究生长标准结果表明，土塘草鱼对苜蓿饲料的偏好优于人工饲料，最终平均体重分别为97.35、47.18 g，增重率分别为91.73、40.75 g鱼-1，日生长率分别为1.27、0.42 g d -1，相对生长率分别为1707.77、629.99%，特定生长率分别为3.92、2.04% d -1，饲料系数分别为11.75、2.51，蛋白质效率分别为1.75。苜蓿植物饲料和人工饲料分别为0.45。
{"title":"Effect of the Feeding on Artificial Diet or Alfalfa Plant on the Growth of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella (Val. 1844) Fingerlings Cultivated in the Earthen Ponds","authors":"S. J. Muhammed, A. Al-Dubakel, Ali I. Gowdet","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aims to compare the growth of young grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella fed on either artificial diet or alfalfa. The experiment was carried out in the earthen ponds of the Aquaculture Unit in the Agricultural Researches and Experiments Station (College of Agriculture, University of Basrah), which is located in the Al-Hartha district, approximately 16 km north of Basra (300 65' 64.6''N, 470 74' 79.5''E). The experiment begun from 26 July 2019 to 10 December 2019. Six ponds with an area of 600 square meters each were used for treatments. Fish were distributed equally to the culture ponds (600 fish per pond) at average individual weight of 6.3±0.28 g. Fish in artificial diet treatment were fed 5 % of the body weight and in alfalfa treatment 50 % of the body weight. Samples of fish were weighed every twenty days for the purpose of controlling growth parameters subsequently adjusting the daily feed provided based on the new weight. The growth criteria (final weight, weight gain, daily growth rate, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio) were calculated. Results of the current study showed that the water temperature is the most variable factor, for example, the highest temperature was 27.2oC in July, while the lowest temperature was 18.7oC in December. Results of growth criteria of the current study showed that grass carp in earthen ponds preferred alfalfa rather than the artificial diet, as the final average weight were 97.35, 47.18 g, the weight gain rate were 91.73, 40.75 g fish-1, the daily growth rate were 1.27, 0.42 g day-1, relative growth rate 1707.77, 629.99 %, specific growth rate were 3.92, 2.04 % day-1, feed conversion ratio were 11.75, 2.51and protein efficiency ratio were 1.75, 0.45 for fish fed on alfalfa plant and the artificial diet respectively.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78774461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.02
S. Qadir, Halmat A. Sabr, Abdulqader M. Younis
The response of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) seedlings to the combination of both drought and sewage water irrigation have been investigated from 18-5-2019 to 18-8-2019. Two drought stress levels; D0; 90% or full water holding capacity (WHC) and D1; 30% WHC interacted with three sewage irrigation treatments; S0; 100 % of tap water as a control, S1; 50% of tap water and sewage water and S2; 100% of sewage water. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) of S1 was 59.31 located under moderate restrictions class for irrigation purposes. Despite to its low pollution load index (PLI); 0.47. Fully irrigation to soil holding capacity with S1 (S1D0) led to a significant increase in seedling height, stem base diameter, fresh and dry biomass and moisture content in shoot system. In addition, the highest tolerance index (TI %) about 92.07 % of the seedlings recorded despite to the soil toxicity with Ni and Pb ions. Lowest accumulation and metal toxicity of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Mn in the soil and leaves have been determined. Thus, diluting sewage water; 1:1 can be used to irrigate black poplar trees with high water demand and moderate to high tolerance to salts for reforestation and urban vegetation.
2019年5月18日至8月18日，研究了黑杨(Populus nigra L.)幼苗对干旱和污水灌溉组合的响应。两个干旱胁迫水平;D0;90%或全部持水量(WHC)和D1;30% WHC与三种污水灌溉处理相互作用;S0;100%自来水作为对照，S1;50%的自来水和污水和S2;100%的污水。S1的灌溉水质指数(IWQI)为59.31，处于中度灌溉限制等级。尽管污染负荷指数(PLI)较低;0.47. 以S1 (S1D0)充分灌溉土壤持水量，幼苗高度、茎基部直径、鲜干生物量和地上部水分含量显著增加。此外，尽管土壤中有Ni和Pb离子的毒性，但所记录的幼苗的最高耐受指数(TI %)为92.07%。测定了土壤和叶片中Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Mn的最低积累量和金属毒性。从而稀释污水;1:1可用于灌溉需水量大、耐盐性中高的黑杨树，用于再造林和城市植被。
{"title":"Growth Performance of Black poplar (Populus nigra L.) Under Drought Condition and Sewage Water Irrigation","authors":"S. Qadir, Halmat A. Sabr, Abdulqader M. Younis","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"The response of black poplar (Populus nigra L.) seedlings to the combination of both drought and sewage water irrigation have been investigated from 18-5-2019 to 18-8-2019. Two drought stress levels; D0; 90% or full water holding capacity (WHC) and D1; 30% WHC interacted with three sewage irrigation treatments; S0; 100 % of tap water as a control, S1; 50% of tap water and sewage water and S2; 100% of sewage water. The irrigation water quality index (IWQI) of S1 was 59.31 located under moderate restrictions class for irrigation purposes. Despite to its low pollution load index (PLI); 0.47. Fully irrigation to soil holding capacity with S1 (S1D0) led to a significant increase in seedling height, stem base diameter, fresh and dry biomass and moisture content in shoot system. In addition, the highest tolerance index (TI %) about 92.07 % of the seedlings recorded despite to the soil toxicity with Ni and Pb ions. Lowest accumulation and metal toxicity of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Mn in the soil and leaves have been determined. Thus, diluting sewage water; 1:1 can be used to irrigate black poplar trees with high water demand and moderate to high tolerance to salts for reforestation and urban vegetation.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84127754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.01
Bushra F. Ismael, Abdul-Kareem M. Abd, F. Jabbar
This study was conducted in one of the private orchards in Al-Haritha region, Northern Basra city to study the effect of spraying antioxidants with three concentrations of (0, 3 and 6) ml.L-1 on two cultivars of jujube trees, Alarmouti and Altfahic. The physical traits of the stages of fruit growth were studied, starting from 50 days after flowering to the final maturity 120 days after of flowering. The results of the study recorded It is too complicated. The progress of the growth and development fruits for all the traits. The study revealed that the Alarmouti cultivar significantly excelled in most of the studied traits at all different growth stages, where the highest values were recorded in the traits of size, length, diameter, and fruit weight (11.07 cm3, 35.99 mm, 27.40 mm, and 21.97 g) respectively. It also excelled in chemical traits during growth stages. The study also showed that the antioxidant concentration of 6 ml.L-1 significantly excelled in most of the studied physical and chemical traits. The bi-interaction also had a significant effect on the studied traits, while the fresh weight of the seed was not significant different between cultivars, concentrations, and their -interaction.
{"title":"Study The Effect of Antioxidants on The Traits of the Fruits of Two Cultivars of Jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana Lamk.) Al-Tufahi and Alarmouti Cultivars","authors":"Bushra F. Ismael, Abdul-Kareem M. Abd, F. Jabbar","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in one of the private orchards in Al-Haritha region, Northern Basra city to study the effect of spraying antioxidants with three concentrations of (0, 3 and 6) ml.L-1 on two cultivars of jujube trees, Alarmouti and Altfahic. The physical traits of the stages of fruit growth were studied, starting from 50 days after flowering to the final maturity 120 days after of flowering. The results of the study recorded It is too complicated. The progress of the growth and development fruits for all the traits. The study revealed that the Alarmouti cultivar significantly excelled in most of the studied traits at all different growth stages, where the highest values were recorded in the traits of size, length, diameter, and fruit weight (11.07 cm3, 35.99 mm, 27.40 mm, and 21.97 g) respectively. It also excelled in chemical traits during growth stages. The study also showed that the antioxidant concentration of 6 ml.L-1 significantly excelled in most of the studied physical and chemical traits. The bi-interaction also had a significant effect on the studied traits, while the fresh weight of the seed was not significant different between cultivars, concentrations, and their -interaction.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76591963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-23DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.03
Fatima W. Al-Roomi, S. T. Al-Sahlany
Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas spp. Seven local isolates of Xanthomonas campestris were used after microscopic and biochemical tests identified them. The isolates were subjected to a screening for xanthan production in medium broth consisting of 20 g.L-1 sucrose, 0.1 g.L-1 urea, and 1 g.L-1 K2HPO4. Isolate X1 showed the highest yield, which reached 6.26 g.l-1. The isolate was confirmed by a 16S rRNA test, and it was recorded in the gene bank with the code MZ262533. Xanthan gum was produced from date juice at a concentration of 3.5 ml (1.5 g glucose.100 ml-1 from the production medium, with the highest yield being 18.9 g.l-1. The resulting xanthan gum was identified by using FTIR, TLC and HPLC techniques, and it was the same chemical as xanthan gum. In the manufacture of xanthan gum and its usage in food, alternative media made from agricultural waste can be employed.
黄原胶是由黄单胞菌(Xanthomonas spp)产生的一种微生物多糖。对当地分离的7株campestris黄单胞菌进行了显微和生化鉴定。分离菌株在20 g培养基中进行黄原胶生产筛选。L-1蔗糖，0.1 g。L-1尿素和1g。l - 1 K2HPO4。分离物X1的产量最高，达到6.26 g.l-1。该分离物经16S rRNA检测证实，并以编码MZ262533的方式录入基因库。黄原胶由浓度为3.5 ml (1.5 g葡萄糖)的枣汁生产。从生产培养基中提取100 ml-1，最高产量为18.9 g -1。通过红外光谱、薄层色谱和高效液相色谱等技术对所制得的黄原胶进行了鉴定，其化学性质与黄原胶相同。在黄原胶的生产及其在食品中的应用中，可以采用由农业废弃物制成的替代介质。
{"title":"Identification and Characterization of Xanthan Gum Produced from Date Juice by a Local Isolate of Bacteria Xanthomonas campestris","authors":"Fatima W. Al-Roomi, S. T. Al-Sahlany","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2022.35.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"Xanthan gum is a microbial polysaccharide produced by the bacteria Xanthomonas spp. Seven local isolates of Xanthomonas campestris were used after microscopic and biochemical tests identified them. The isolates were subjected to a screening for xanthan production in medium broth consisting of 20 g.L-1 sucrose, 0.1 g.L-1 urea, and 1 g.L-1 K2HPO4. Isolate X1 showed the highest yield, which reached 6.26 g.l-1. The isolate was confirmed by a 16S rRNA test, and it was recorded in the gene bank with the code MZ262533. Xanthan gum was produced from date juice at a concentration of 3.5 ml (1.5 g glucose.100 ml-1 from the production medium, with the highest yield being 18.9 g.l-1. The resulting xanthan gum was identified by using FTIR, TLC and HPLC techniques, and it was the same chemical as xanthan gum. In the manufacture of xanthan gum and its usage in food, alternative media made from agricultural waste can be employed.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78499797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-14DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.20
S. Al-Khafaji, M. A. Alsaadawi, A. Al-Yasari, M. Al-Saadawe
Cordia myxa L. is one of the medical plants that plays an important role in the treatment of many diseases. There are many studies explained that C. myxa can show anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antiparasitic, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. This review was focused on the active compounds and medical effects of C. myxa. The fatty acids contents are particularly high (9.9%). Sodium and potassium constitute the largest mineral proportion (13 ppm and 29 ppm respectively) of the fruit. However, the toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium and copper have not been found in the fruit. This gives an additional significant benefit of the medical uses of the plant. The content of alkaloids, saponin, polyphenols, and comarine were recorded and was relatively high compared to steroids, resins, glycosides, tannins, and gum that found to be in less amounts. When the mucilage was extracted, the alkaloids constitute more than 35%. By using the Folin‐Ciocalteu, C. myxa extracts have a high Phenolic content. The antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria were included in the fruit mucilage extract while the alcoholic extracts have no effect on all bacterial isolates. In addition, the mucilage extract showed anti-parasitic activity when it was tested against Leishmania infantum promastigotes. However, the highest concentration of extract significantly reduced the amounts of lymphocytes. Moreover, ethanolic extracts of C. myxa fruits give rise to leucocyte and lymphocyte count. Future research needs to be done on this kind of herbs which could show high medicinal activity.
{"title":"Article Review: Cordia myxa L.: The Gift of the Nature, A Review","authors":"S. Al-Khafaji, M. A. Alsaadawi, A. Al-Yasari, M. Al-Saadawe","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"Cordia myxa L. is one of the medical plants that plays an important role in the treatment of many diseases. There are many studies explained that C. myxa can show anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antiparasitic, antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties. This review was focused on the active compounds and medical effects of C. myxa. The fatty acids contents are particularly high (9.9%). Sodium and potassium constitute the largest mineral proportion (13 ppm and 29 ppm respectively) of the fruit. However, the toxic heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium and copper have not been found in the fruit. This gives an additional significant benefit of the medical uses of the plant. The content of alkaloids, saponin, polyphenols, and comarine were recorded and was relatively high compared to steroids, resins, glycosides, tannins, and gum that found to be in less amounts. When the mucilage was extracted, the alkaloids constitute more than 35%. By using the Folin‐Ciocalteu, C. myxa extracts have a high Phenolic content. The antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria were included in the fruit mucilage extract while the alcoholic extracts have no effect on all bacterial isolates. In addition, the mucilage extract showed anti-parasitic activity when it was tested against Leishmania infantum promastigotes. However, the highest concentration of extract significantly reduced the amounts of lymphocytes. Moreover, ethanolic extracts of C. myxa fruits give rise to leucocyte and lymphocyte count. Future research needs to be done on this kind of herbs which could show high medicinal activity.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83968641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-11DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.19
A. Al-Bayati, A. Alalwany, M. Hassan
The study included the analysis of (341) samples from eight pedons cover most of the prevailing sub great soil groups in Iraq, which are (Typic Torrifluvents, Typic Torrients, Typic Gypsiorthids, Typic Calciorthids, Aquollic Salorthids, Typic Chromoxerects, Typic Xerrochrepts and Typic Calcixerects) to study the pedogenetic distribution of total and bioavailable content of the manganese, zinc, copper, and iron also its relationship with some soil properties. Results showed significant differences between the studied regions of total content of microelements, the bioavailability content also showed a significant deference between the studied regions. The physical and chemical soil properties clearly affected on their content of micronutrient and 77% of the studied samples were below the critical limit for zinc, but 65% of the studied samples were under the critical limit for iron. This refers to the response of the cultivated crops in such sub great soil groups to the addition of Zn and Fe fertilizers, also pedogenetic distribution of the content of these microelements showed a decrease with depth and compatible with the distribution of each of the separated clay and organic matter and decrease with the increase in the soil content of calcium carbonate.
{"title":"Pedogenical Distribution of some Micronutrients in Prevailing Sub Great Soil Group in Iraq","authors":"A. Al-Bayati, A. Alalwany, M. Hassan","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.19","url":null,"abstract":"The study included the analysis of (341) samples from eight pedons cover most of the prevailing sub great soil groups in Iraq, which are (Typic Torrifluvents, Typic Torrients, Typic Gypsiorthids, Typic Calciorthids, Aquollic Salorthids, Typic Chromoxerects, Typic Xerrochrepts and Typic Calcixerects) to study the pedogenetic distribution of total and bioavailable content of the manganese, zinc, copper, and iron also its relationship with some soil properties. Results showed significant differences between the studied regions of total content of microelements, the bioavailability content also showed a significant deference between the studied regions. The physical and chemical soil properties clearly affected on their content of micronutrient and 77% of the studied samples were below the critical limit for zinc, but 65% of the studied samples were under the critical limit for iron. This refers to the response of the cultivated crops in such sub great soil groups to the addition of Zn and Fe fertilizers, also pedogenetic distribution of the content of these microelements showed a decrease with depth and compatible with the distribution of each of the separated clay and organic matter and decrease with the increase in the soil content of calcium carbonate.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79446364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-05DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.18
Mohammed S. Al-Emara, Aqeel Alyousuf, M. Abass
Ozone efficacy (approximately of 600 Mg.hr-1) was evaluated against Red Flour Beetle’s (RFB, Tribolium castium (Herbst)) eggs, larvae, pupae and adults at different temperatures (35, 40 and 45 ° C) and exposure times (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours) under laboratory. The control treatments included above thermal levels without ozone at the mentioned exposure periods. The results indicated ozone effectively suppressed hatching with increasing temperature. The hatch egg rates was reduced to 0 % in the treated treatments after 10 h at 45° C. However, mortality rates of RFB were increased with maximizing of the exposure time to ozone. After 10-h exposure to ozone at the lowest temperature 35˚ C, complete mortality (100%) or few survivals of RFB were recorded in the susceptible stages (larvae and adults). Also, the complete mortality of adults and larvae resulted after an exposure to ozone at 40 ° C for 10 hours, compared than the high survival rates at the pest’s stages at 30 and 40° C, even after 10 hours of monitoring time. However the exposure time which is required to 100% mortality was decreased to 4 hours at 45 ° C, comparing to the thermal treatment only (control) which needed more time (6 h) for 100% of mortality. In conclusion, ozone application showed the efficacy on the mortality at all stages of RFB and the temperature was a potential factor enhancing the application of ozone for RFB control.
{"title":"Efficacy of Ozone Gas against All Stages of Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) at Different Temperatures and Exposure Periods","authors":"Mohammed S. Al-Emara, Aqeel Alyousuf, M. Abass","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.18","url":null,"abstract":"Ozone efficacy (approximately of 600 Mg.hr-1) was evaluated against Red Flour Beetle’s (RFB, Tribolium castium (Herbst)) eggs, larvae, pupae and adults at different temperatures (35, 40 and 45 ° C) and exposure times (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours) under laboratory. The control treatments included above thermal levels without ozone at the mentioned exposure periods. The results indicated ozone effectively suppressed hatching with increasing temperature. The hatch egg rates was reduced to 0 % in the treated treatments after 10 h at 45° C. However, mortality rates of RFB were increased with maximizing of the exposure time to ozone. After 10-h exposure to ozone at the lowest temperature 35˚ C, complete mortality (100%) or few survivals of RFB were recorded in the susceptible stages (larvae and adults). Also, the complete mortality of adults and larvae resulted after an exposure to ozone at 40 ° C for 10 hours, compared than the high survival rates at the pest’s stages at 30 and 40° C, even after 10 hours of monitoring time. However the exposure time which is required to 100% mortality was decreased to 4 hours at 45 ° C, comparing to the thermal treatment only (control) which needed more time (6 h) for 100% of mortality. In conclusion, ozone application showed the efficacy on the mortality at all stages of RFB and the temperature was a potential factor enhancing the application of ozone for RFB control.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77649463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.15
V. Vasileva, V. Kosev
Seven peas (Pisum sativum L.) varieties different originated, i.e, X07P54, X06PWY, NDPO80138-B-2, CA1P, L020140, Wt6803 and Mir were studied. Biochemical assessment of fresh aboveground biomass and seeds of peas varieties were done. At the beginning of flowering stage the NDPO80138-B-2 and X07P54 were reported high levels for crude protein (22.33% and 21.87%), crude fibre (25.94% and 25.76%) and crude ash (10.39% and 9.47%). In technical maturity with high crude protein and crude fibre contents NDPO80138-B-2 (21.59% and 21.38%), X06PWY (19.95% and 21.36%), X07P54 (19.78% and 20.57%) and CA1P (19.60% and 22.53%) were distinguished; by calcium CA1P (2.09%), and by phosphorus Wt6803 (0.54%). More significant variability in phosphorus content (21.27%) and Ca:P ratio (25.65%) in fresh biomass was observed. The lowest coefficient of variation was found for crude fibre (5.43%), crude ash (7.81%) and crude protein content (9.00%). The variability of parameters in technical maturity was found low and ranges from 2.34% for crude protein to 9.27 for phosphorus. The green mass yield is positively correlated with the calcium content (r = 0.581), phosphorus (r = 0.316) and crude ash (r = 0.077) and the seed yield positive correlated with calcium content (r = 0.79). The relationships found between qualitative indicators could be used in the breeding programs of peas.
{"title":"Biochemical Assessment of Peas Pisum sativum Varieties","authors":"V. Vasileva, V. Kosev","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.15","url":null,"abstract":"Seven peas (Pisum sativum L.) varieties different originated, i.e, X07P54, X06PWY, NDPO80138-B-2, CA1P, L020140, Wt6803 and Mir were studied. Biochemical assessment of fresh aboveground biomass and seeds of peas varieties were done. At the beginning of flowering stage the NDPO80138-B-2 and X07P54 were reported high levels for crude protein (22.33% and 21.87%), crude fibre (25.94% and 25.76%) and crude ash (10.39% and 9.47%). In technical maturity with high crude protein and crude fibre contents NDPO80138-B-2 (21.59% and 21.38%), X06PWY (19.95% and 21.36%), X07P54 (19.78% and 20.57%) and CA1P (19.60% and 22.53%) were distinguished; by calcium CA1P (2.09%), and by phosphorus Wt6803 (0.54%). More significant variability in phosphorus content (21.27%) and Ca:P ratio (25.65%) in fresh biomass was observed. The lowest coefficient of variation was found for crude fibre (5.43%), crude ash (7.81%) and crude protein content (9.00%). The variability of parameters in technical maturity was found low and ranges from 2.34% for crude protein to 9.27 for phosphorus. The green mass yield is positively correlated with the calcium content (r = 0.581), phosphorus (r = 0.316) and crude ash (r = 0.077) and the seed yield positive correlated with calcium content (r = 0.79). The relationships found between qualitative indicators could be used in the breeding programs of peas.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82724963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.11
Jawad A. Mizher, Atheer H. Ali
A total of 14 specimens of Cobia Rachycentron canadum (L.) were caught from Iraqi marine waters during the period from October 2019 till May 2020. Two parasitic helminths (One species each of nematode and acanthocephalan) were isolated from alimentary canal of the cobia. These are the adults of Iheringascaris inquies (Linton, 1901) Deardorff & Overstreet, 1980 and Serrasentis sagittifer Linton, 1889. The record of these worms, from this fish, is considered as the first record in Iraq. Adequate description of both I. inquies and adult S. sagittifer from cobia for the first time in the Arabian Gulf is given.
{"title":"First Record of Two Parasitic Helminths from Cobia Rachycentron canadum (L.) (Carangiformes, Rachycentridae) from Iraqi Marine Waters","authors":"Jawad A. Mizher, Atheer H. Ali","doi":"10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2021.34.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 14 specimens of Cobia Rachycentron canadum (L.) were caught from Iraqi marine waters during the period from October 2019 till May 2020. Two parasitic helminths (One species each of nematode and acanthocephalan) were isolated from alimentary canal of the cobia. These are the adults of Iheringascaris inquies (Linton, 1901) Deardorff & Overstreet, 1980 and Serrasentis sagittifer Linton, 1889. The record of these worms, from this fish, is considered as the first record in Iraq. Adequate description of both I. inquies and adult S. sagittifer from cobia for the first time in the Arabian Gulf is given.","PeriodicalId":8700,"journal":{"name":"Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72432778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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