Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献_第5页

The impact of abandonment and intensification on the biodiversity of agriculturally marginal grasslands – a systematic review 撂荒与集约化对农业边缘草原生物多样性的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.003

Susanna Hempel , Felix Herzog , Péter Batáry , Erik Öckinger , Eva Knop

Agriculturally marginal grasslands have been traditionally managed at low intensity for centuries and are among Europe’s key biodiversity hotspots. Because of their low profitability, many of them have been either abandoned or subjected to intensified management in recent decades. Both pathways threaten the high diversity of grassland species that depend on traditional management practices. To counteract the negative effects of abandonment or agricultural intensification on biodiversity, restoration and conservation practices were established. Through a systematic literature review based on 174 European studies, we investigated the impacts of abandonment and intensification on various measures of agriculturally marginal grasslands diversity. Additionally, we extracted information on the positive impacts of conservation – defined here as sustained extensive management practices - and restoration efforts aimed at previously abandoned or intensified grasslands. Abandonment had a high probability (71%) of reducing plant and lichen biodiversity, while it was significantly less likely to decrease the diversity of animals (23%). Intensification negatively affected the diversity of all organism groups to a similar extent (65% probability for plants and lichen, 47% for animals). Conservation efforts were likely to maintain or increase animal biodiversity (probability 79%), but in the studies we analysed, they were not sufficient to preserve the biodiversity of plants and lichen. The restoration of abandoned or intensified grasslands was predicted to enhance plant and lichen diversity (68% probability), while not significantly changing animal diversity. Thus, different organisms groups responded differently to changes in agricultural management, highlighting the need for targeted conservation and restoration strategies. By synthesizing biodiversity responses across taxa and management types, this review contributes to a more integrated and evidence-based understanding of how to maintain and improve the ecological value of agriculturally marginal grasslands.

几个世纪以来，农业边缘草原传统上一直以低强度管理，是欧洲主要的生物多样性热点地区之一。由于盈利能力低，近几十年来，许多企业要么被放弃，要么受到强化管理。这两种途径都威胁到依赖传统管理方法的草地物种的高度多样性。为了抵消撂荒或农业集约化对生物多样性的负面影响，建立了恢复和保护措施。通过对174项欧洲研究的系统文献综述，研究了撂荒和集约化对农业边缘草地多样性的影响。此外，我们提取了关于保护的积极影响的信息——这里定义为持续的广泛管理实践——以及针对以前被遗弃或集约化的草原的恢复努力。撂撂撂撂地减少植物和地衣生物多样性的可能性很高（71%），而减少动物多样性的可能性较低（23%）。强化对所有生物类群的多样性产生了相似程度的负面影响（植物和地衣的概率为65%，动物的概率为47%）。保护工作可能维持或增加动物的生物多样性（概率为79%），但在我们分析的研究中，它们不足以保护植物和地衣的生物多样性。放弃或加剧了草原的恢复是预测来提高植物和苔藓多样性(68%概率),虽然不显著改变动物的多样性。因此，不同的生物群体对农业管理变化的反应不同，突出了有针对性的保护和恢复战略的必要性。通过对不同分类群和管理类型的生物多样性响应的综合分析，有助于对如何维持和提高农业边缘草地的生态价值有更全面和基于证据的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Residents’ perceptions of cultural ecosystem services from urban green spaces: A comparative study of Korea and Germany 居民对城市绿地文化生态系统服务的感知：韩国和德国的比较研究

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.002

Jaewon Son , Yunjeong Lee , Caroline Kramer , Somidh Saha

Understanding public needs is crucial for effective management and planning of urban green spaces (UGS). UGS offer cultural ecosystem services (CES) that enhance human wellbeing. However, CES are challenging to measure, and vary across cultures, limiting cross-cultural research. This study examines public perceptions of CES from UGS in Suwon, Korea, and Karlsruhe, Germany, through a map-based PPGIS questionnaire. Respondents were urban residents in both cities, recruited through a combination of online outreach, local postings, and snowball sampling between July and September 2023. Karlsruhe residents visited UGS more frequently and spent more time there both before and after COVID-19 than Suwon residents. Most Suwon residents favored the nearest green spaces, while Karlsruhe residents preferred UGS farther from their homes. In Suwon, higher income was linked to a lower evaluation of biodiversity importance. Age and gender influenced the evaluation of biodiversity importance in both cities. Younger people visited UGS more often than older people after COVID-19 in both cities. In Karlsruhe, female respondents visited UGS more frequently than male respondents, whereas in Suwon, male showed a higher frequency. However, female respondents in Karlsruhe spent more time in UGS than males, while there was no statistically significant difference in Suwon. Education level was significant only in Suwon, where individuals with university education spent more time in UGS after COVID-19 than those without. These findings reflect how cultural and socio-demographic factors shape human-nature interactions, supporting theoretical perspectives such as the biophilia hypothesis, social ecology, and environmental psychology. Integrating these interdisciplinary insights into UGS planning can help create inclusive, culturally responsive, and ecologically meaningful urban environments.

了解公众需求对于有效管理和规划城市绿地（UGS）至关重要。UGS提供促进人类福祉的文化生态系统服务（CES）。然而，消费电子学的测量具有挑战性，并且在不同的文化中存在差异，这限制了跨文化研究。本研究通过基于地图的PPGIS问卷调查了韩国水原和德国卡尔斯鲁厄UGS的公众对CES的看法。受访者是两个城市的城市居民，在2023年7月至9月期间通过在线宣传、当地帖子和滚雪球抽样的方式招募。卡尔斯鲁厄居民比水原居民更频繁地访问UGS，在新冠疫情前后的时间也更长。大多数水原居民喜欢最近的绿地，而卡尔斯鲁厄居民则喜欢离家较远的UGS。在水原，较高的收入与较低的生物多样性重要性评价有关。年龄和性别影响了两个城市对生物多样性重要性的评价。在这两个城市，在COVID-19之后，年轻人比老年人更频繁地访问UGS。在卡尔斯鲁厄，女性访问UGS的频率高于男性，而在水原，男性访问UGS的频率更高。然而，卡尔斯鲁厄的女性受访者在UGS中花费的时间比男性多，而水原的差异没有统计学意义。受教育程度只在水原显著，在新冠疫情后，受过大学教育的人在UGS的时间比没有受过大学教育的人长。这些发现反映了文化和社会人口因素如何塑造人与自然的相互作用，支持了诸如亲生命假说、社会生态学和环境心理学等理论观点。将这些跨学科的见解整合到UGS规划中，有助于创造包容性、文化响应性和生态意义的城市环境。

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引用次数: 0

Human pressure can reduce genetic diversity and elevate trophic position: an arthropod case study 人类压力可以减少遗传多样性和提高营养地位：一个节肢动物案例研究

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.001

Iris S. Schlick-Steiner , Kelly Penning , Marion Pranter , Barbara Thaler-Knoflach , Florian M. Steiner , Birgit C. Schlick-Steiner

Urban and agricultural areas are covering ever more land, deteriorating animal habitats. So far, there exist a limited number of studies on urbanisation and even fewer studies on the impact of agriculture. To find out how this overall human pressure, that is, hemeroby, affects arthropods, we chose an interdisciplinary approach by studying genetic diversity and trophic position of the spiders Araneus diadematus and Nuctenea umbratica and the ant Formica fuscocinerea. We collected five specimens per species from fifty 500 × 500 m square plots in a medium-sized Central-European city with green surroundings. Firstly, genetic analyses using newly developed microsatellites revealed a significant effect of hemeroby on Araneus diadematus, that is, reduced genetic diversity. Secondly, likewise in Araneus diadematus, the stable isotope δ¹⁵N increased with hemeroby, possibly due to a major food-spectrum change. Thus, we found that hemeroby can negatively impact arthropods. We believe our findings are relevant to urban planning, particularly given that even stronger effects can be expected for larger and more urbanised cities and in less vagile organisms.

城市和农业区覆盖的土地越来越多，动物栖息地日益恶化。到目前为止，关于城市化的研究有限，关于农业影响的研究就更少了。为了了解这种整体的人类压力（即流源性）是如何影响节肢动物的，我们选择了跨学科的方法，通过研究蜘蛛Araneus diadematus和Nuctenea umbratica以及蚂蚁Formica fuscocinerea的遗传多样性和营养地位。在中欧一个绿化环境的中型城市中，在50个500 × 500 m平方米的样地中，每个物种采集5个标本。首先，利用新开发的微卫星进行遗传分析，揭示了异流性对双足黑蜘蛛的显著影响，即遗传多样性降低。其次，与之相似的是，稳定同位素δ15N随血红蛋白的增加而增加，这可能是由于食物谱发生了重大变化。因此，我们发现血源性对节肢动物有负面影响。我们相信我们的发现与城市规划有关，特别是考虑到对更大、更城市化的城市和更不脆弱的生物的影响更大。

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引用次数: 0

Collectomics in plant biodiversity research − looking into the past to understand the present and shape the future 植物生物多样性研究中的集体组学——回顾过去，了解现在，塑造未来

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.07.002

Solveig Franziska Bucher , Sebastian Gebauer , Jonas Grieb , Matthias Körschens , Jochen Müller , Christiane M. Ritz , Rajapreethi Rajendran , Claus Weiland , Karsten Wesche , Kristin Victor , Christine Römermann

Global biodiversity is changing at unprecedented rates during the Anthropocene. Whereas current biodiversity patterns can be observed directly, information from the recent past is far less easily retrieved yet urgently needed to understand present observations and predict future developments. For plants, herbaria offer such a unique glimpse into the past. Evaluation of plant specimens allows determining a wide range of attributes like species identity, morphological and phenological traits and even signs of biotic interactions. Specimen’s labels convey data such as species identity (and identification history), date and locality of collection, as well as the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment. Current methodological developments in sensor technology and computer vision increasingly enable us to extract this information in a high throughput and automated way. Equally vast developments in data science allow to integrate data from other sources for much more comprehensive analyses than before. With millions of specimens already digitized and digitization schemes running in many institutions, we will be increasingly able to determine characteristics of species and link them via distribution records to large-scale climate change scenarios. This allows us to better predict species’ threat levels, and to develop scenarios on the consequences of biodiversity change for ecosystem functioning. The present contribution reviews recent herbaria research and describes potential avenues with respect to Museomics and the Extended Specimen, and we propose Collectomics as a new framework to unravel, understand, and cope with the Anthropocene biodiversity change.

在人类世期间，全球生物多样性正在以前所未有的速度变化。虽然目前的生物多样性模式可以直接观察到，但从最近的过去检索信息要容易得多，但迫切需要了解目前的观察结果并预测未来的发展。对于植物来说，植物标本室提供了对过去的独特一瞥。植物标本的评估可以确定广泛的属性，如物种身份，形态和物候特征，甚至生物相互作用的迹象。标本的标签传递诸如物种身份（和鉴定历史）、采集日期和地点以及周围的生物和非生物环境等数据。当前传感器技术和计算机视觉方法的发展日益使我们能够以高通量和自动化的方式提取这些信息。同样，数据科学的巨大发展使我们能够整合来自其他来源的数据，进行比以前更全面的分析。随着数以百万计的标本已经数字化，以及许多机构正在实施的数字化计划，我们将越来越有能力确定物种的特征，并通过分布记录将它们与大规模气候变化情景联系起来。这使我们能够更好地预测物种的威胁程度，并就生物多样性变化对生态系统功能的影响制定情景。本文回顾了近年来的植物标本馆研究，并描述了博物馆组学和扩展标本学的潜在途径，提出了集体组学作为揭示、理解和应对人类世生物多样性变化的新框架。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of land-use intensity on the species-area relationship of plants within temperate grasslands 温带草原土地利用强度对植物种-面积关系的影响

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-07-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.06.002

Ralph Bolliger , Lena Neuenkamp , Daniel Prati , Markus Fischer

It is well-known that land-use intensity directly affects plant-species richness in temperate grasslands. However, the effect of land-use intensity on plant distribution at small spatial scales, as indicated by the slope of the species-area relationship, is rarely investigated. We tested whether the species-area relationship is directly affected by land-use intensity or indirectly via plant species richness. We studied the species-area relationship by measuring the rate of species richness increase between different plot sizes. We used nested quadrats of 0.2 by 0.2 m and 1 m by 1 m within each of 147 4 × 4 m plots of managed grasslands in three German regions in 2017 or 2018. With linear models, we found that the different components of land use (mowing, grazing and fertilization) had various direct effects on the species-area relationship. Mowing reduced the slope of the species-area relationship, indicating a more even distribution of plant species within plots at higher land-use intensity. Fertilisation did not significantly affect the slope of the species-area relationship, while grazing increased it. As a result of these different component effects, overall land-use intensity did not affect the species-area relationship directly. In addition, we used structural equation modelling to assess the direct and indirect effect of land-use intensity on the species-area relationship. We found that land-use intensity had only a negative indirect effect on the species-area relationship through a negative effect on species richness. An additional analysis with land-use components, mowing and grazing, confirmed the indirect negative effect of land-use on species-area relationship. Our results underline the importance of testing direct and indirect effects of land-use intensity. Furthermore, we show the importance of considering regional environmental differences before being able to generalize land-use effects on plant species heterogeneity.

众所周知，土地利用强度直接影响温带草原植物物种丰富度。然而，在小空间尺度上，很少研究土地利用强度对植物分布的影响，如物种-面积关系的斜率。我们考察了物种-面积关系是直接受到土地利用强度的影响，还是间接受到植物物种丰富度的影响。通过测量不同样地面积间物种丰富度的增加速率，研究了物种-面积关系。2017年或2018年，我们在德国三个地区的147个4 × 4 m的管理草地地块中分别使用了0.2 × 0.2 m和1 m × 1 m的巢式样方。利用线性模型，我们发现不同土地利用成分（刈割、放牧和施肥）对物种-面积关系有不同的直接影响。刈割降低了物种-面积关系的斜率，表明在高土地利用强度的样地内植物物种分布更为均匀。施肥对物种-面积关系的斜率影响不显著，而放牧增加了坡度。由于这些不同的成分效应，总体土地利用强度没有直接影响物种-面积关系。此外，我们利用结构方程模型评估了土地利用强度对物种-面积关系的直接和间接影响。研究发现，土地利用强度通过对物种丰富度的负向影响，对物种-面积关系只有间接负向影响。此外，通过对土地利用成分（刈割和放牧）的分析，证实了土地利用对物种-面积关系的间接负面影响。我们的研究结果强调了测试土地利用强度的直接和间接影响的重要性。此外，我们表明在能够概括土地利用对植物物种异质性的影响之前考虑区域环境差异的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Standing tall together: Peatland vascular plants facilitate Sphagnum moss microtopography 站在一起：泥炭地维管植物有利于泥炭藓微地形

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.06.006

Yvet Telgenkamp , Bjorn J.M. Robroek , Line Rochefort , Harry E.R. Shepherd , Rosa W.C. Boone , Carrie L. Thomas

To preserve the heterogenic and diverse nature of peatland ecosystems, a well-functioning plant community is imperative. In intact peat bogs, such communities consist of a balanced mix of peat mosses and vascular plants across a hydrological gradient. Vascular plants compete with peat mosses – the ecosystem builders in ombrotrophic peatlands – for resources such as nutrients and light, but also provide structure for peat mosses to grow. In contrast, peat mosses create an adverse environment in which only certain plant species can find a niche. In light of the competition–facilitation gradient between peatland plants, the role of vascular plants as facilitators for peatland microhabitat formation is mainly overlooked.

Using a long-term vascular plant removal experiment in Store Mosse National Park, Sweden, this study assesses the role of the functional type composition of the vascular plant community as a mechanical structure to support the peat moss (Sphagnum) carpet.

Our data highlights the importance of vascular plant functional type diversity in facilitating the structure of the Sphagnum carpet. Ericoids are crucial for the maintenance of hummocks. Moreover, recolonization of ericoids after removal of vascular plants enabled the recovery of the Sphagnum carpet in this microtopography. Graminoids provide at most ’co-facilitation’ of the structural support to the Sphagnum carpet. These results show that the composition of the vascular plant community determines how strongly they can contribute to structural support and indicate that restoration of the vascular plant community can be used as a tool to restore peat moss microtopographies, leading to a heterogenic and diverse peatland plant community.

为了保持泥炭地生态系统的异质性和多样性，一个功能良好的植物群落是必不可少的。在完整的泥炭沼泽中，这种群落由泥炭苔藓和维管植物在水文梯度上的平衡混合组成。维管植物与泥炭藓竞争营养和光照等资源，但也为泥炭藓的生长提供结构。泥炭藓是营养型泥炭地的生态系统建设者。相比之下，泥炭苔藓创造了一个不利的环境，只有某些植物物种才能在其中找到一个生态位。鉴于泥炭地植物间存在竞争-促进梯度，维管植物在泥炭地微生境形成中的促进作用主要被忽视。通过在瑞典Store Mosse国家公园进行的长期维管植物清除实验，本研究评估了维管植物群落的功能类型组成作为支持泥炭苔藓（Sphagnum）地毯的机械结构的作用。我们的数据强调了维管植物功能类型多样性在促进泥鳅地毯结构中的重要性。蚁群对小丘的维持至关重要。此外，除去维管束植物后，类柱体的重新定殖使得该微地形中的泥藻地毯得以恢复。禾本科植物最多提供了“共同促进”的结构支持，以泥棉地毯。这些结果表明，维管植物群落的组成决定了它们对结构支持的贡献程度，并表明维管植物群落的恢复可以作为恢复泥炭苔藓微地形的工具，从而导致泥炭地植物群落的异质性和多样性。

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引用次数: 0

Most habitat's and species' assessments in German Natura 2000 sites reflect unfavourable conservation states 德国自然2000网站的大多数栖息地和物种评估反映了不利的保护状态

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.07.001

Julia S. Ellerbrok , Theresa Spatz , Veronika Braunisch , Michael Strohbach , Dagmar Haase , Kathrin Januschke , Josef Kaiser , Marion Mehring , Thilo Wellmann , Helge Bruelheide , Jori Maylin Marx , Josef Settele , Christian Wirth , Nina Farwig

The Convention on Biological Diversity aims to protect 30 % of the Earth’s land and marine surface to promote biodiversity. In the European Union, conservation areas are mainly placed under protection through the Habitats Directive. These so-called Natura 2000 sites currently cover 18.6 % of Europe's land area. Obligatory status reports enable a broad-scale analysis of conservation states to investigate if biodiversity is in the favourable conservation status demanded by the directive and which factors may be inhibiting. With focus on Germany, we evaluated the conservation states of habitat types and species groups as assessed in standard data forms and related it to drivers commonly reported for the sites, e.g., land-use practices, protected area size and time since designation. Our results are based on assessments from 23 % (1049) of Germany’s Natura 2000 sites protected under the Habitats Directive and show that only 6 % of habitats’ and 4 % of species’ assessments report a favourable conservation status. A review of the reported drivers showed that most negative influences on Natura 2000 sites were attributed to agricultural and forestry activities, as well as natural system modifications, while for both land-use types also practices with positive impact were listed. For habitats, conservation status was better in Natura 2000 sites that were established earlier than later. For both habitats and species, more favourable conservation states were overall related to larger area sizes and the absence of direct land use (agriculture, forestry). Our results highlight that a high proportion of protected areas alone does not suffice to infer successes for biodiversity conservation when land-use activities continue to affect target species or their habitats. Increased conversation efforts for Natura 2000 areas will be required to meet the goals of the recently implemented EU Nature Restoration Law.

《生物多样性公约》旨在保护地球30%的陆地和海洋表面，以促进生物多样性。在欧洲联盟，自然保护区主要受到生境指令的保护。这些所谓的Natura 2000遗址目前覆盖了欧洲陆地面积的18.6%。强制性状态报告可以对保护状态进行广泛的分析，以调查生物多样性是否处于指令要求的有利保护状态，以及哪些因素可能受到抑制。以德国为例，我们评估了以标准数据形式评估的栖息地类型和物种群的保护状况，并将其与通常报告的站点驱动因素联系起来，例如土地利用实践、保护区规模和指定以来的时间。我们的结果是基于对德国23%（1049个）受栖息地指令保护的自然2000点的评估，结果表明只有6%的栖息地和4%的物种评估报告了良好的保护状况。对报告的驱动因素的审查表明，对Natura 2000站点的大多数负面影响归因于农业和林业活动以及自然系统的改变，而对于这两种土地利用类型也列出了具有积极影响的做法。在栖息地方面，在Natura 2000中，建立时间越早的保护区保护状况越好。对于栖息地和物种来说，总体而言，更有利的保护状态与更大的面积和缺乏直接土地利用（农业、林业）有关。我们的研究结果强调，当土地利用活动继续影响目标物种或其栖息地时，仅靠高比例的保护区不足以推断生物多样性保护的成功。为了实现最近实施的《欧盟自然恢复法》的目标，需要加强对“自然2000”地区的对话努力。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing biodiversity through sowing and reduced management of grasslands on dikes and floodplains 通过播种和减少对堤防和洪泛平原草原的管理来增强生物多样性

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-06-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.06.009

Andrea R. Schneider , Dominik Buchner , Rike Bayer , Willem Kaijser , Svenja Karnatz , Daniel Hering

Grassland on dikes and in floodplains offers great potential to enhance biodiversity, particularly in urban areas. This study investigates the effects of changing the management from intensive mowing to reduced management on community composition, species richness, Shannon diversity, and functional traits for vegetation, general arthropods, and epigean carabids. Along the rivers Emscher and Lippe, 16 sites were studied. Reduced management’ was characterized by sowing native species and mowing twice annually with cutting removal, while intensive management’ included frequent mowing and mulching. Sites were investigated where reduced management was established recently or several years ago. Reduced management increased species richness and altered community composition across all groups compared to intensive management. Plant species richness increased by 5.7, general arthropods by 4.8, and epigean carabids by 0.7. No significant differences were observed between short- and long-term implementation. Ruderal and stress-tolerant plant species dominated vegetation in intensively managed sites, while reduced sites supported more specialized feeding types across insect species and floodplain-specific carabids. Larger, univoltine arthropods were more common in reduced sites. Sowing native grassland species and changing the management from intensive to reduced mowing can increase biodiversity and favor specialist species. This effect is achieved within a short time after implementation and remains effective in the long term. Conversion from intensive to reduced management is, therefore, an important strategy for increasing biodiversity and resilience of grasslands in urban floodplains.

堤岸上和洪泛区的草地具有增强生物多样性的巨大潜力，特别是在城市地区。研究了从集约刈割到减少刈割对植被、一般节肢动物和表足类甲壳类动物群落组成、物种丰富度、Shannon多样性和功能性状的影响。沿着Emscher河和Lippe河，研究了16个地点。“简化管理”的特点是播种本地物种和每年两次割草，并去除切割物，而“集约化管理”包括频繁的割草和覆盖。对最近或几年前建立减少管理的地点进行了调查。与集约管理相比，减少管理增加了物种丰富度，改变了群落组成。植物物种丰富度增加了5.7个百分点，一般节肢动物增加了4.8个百分点，表目瓢虫增加了0.7个百分点。在短期和长期的实施中没有观察到显著的差异。在集约化管理的样地中，野生植物和抗逆性植物占主导地位，而在减少的样地中，昆虫和洪泛平原特有的瓢虫的取食类型更为专门化。较大的单伏节肢动物在减少的地点更常见。播种本土草原物种，将集约化管理转变为减少刈割，可以增加生物多样性，有利于专科物种。这种效果在实施后的短时间内达到，并在长期内保持有效。因此，从集约化管理向简化管理转变是提高城市洪泛平原草原生物多样性和恢复力的重要战略。

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引用次数: 0

Welcome for thee, but not for me: How demographic parameters and nature experience affect how close to home people accept animals 欢迎你，但不欢迎我：人口统计参数和自然体验如何影响人们对动物的接受程度

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.06.007

Fabio S.T. Sweet, Wolfgang W. Weisser

Animals are a constant presence in urban environments. While there is a handful of studies that have addressed which urban animals people like, there is little knowledge on where in cities people accept animals in relation to their homes. A preceding study by the authors indicated that Munich residents’ preferred proximity to animals is influenced by their attitudes towards these animals. Here, we go a step further and analyse how human demographic parameters and experience with animals influence people’s decision on where to place animals.

We used data on demographics, experiences, and attitudes to test how these factors influence how close to their home people accepted different animals – in the form of the closest relational scale chosen for the animals. A multigroup structural equation model with attitudes towards the animals as a mediator and the animals as grouping variables was used to disentangle the effects of different variables for placement, and to compare different animals. Variable selection and path constraint were done using PiecewiseSEM, and final estimates were produced with Lavaan.

We found that different demographics and experiences are associated with accepting animals closer to home or further away. People who liked animals more, had higher levels of education, stated that they enjoy spending time in nature more, or help animals in their environment, generally accepted most animals closer to their home. In contrast, people who live in a house instead of an apartment generally wanted most animals further away from home.

Our results emphasise that people have a differentiated view of animals that is influenced by both internal and external factors. Taking this into account can help identify reasons for the acceptance or rejection of an animal in urban environments, help guide urban conservation projects, and mediate human-wildlife conflicts.

动物是城市环境中不可缺少的存在。虽然有一些研究已经解决了人们喜欢哪些城市动物的问题，但关于城市中人们接受动物与他们的家园关系的研究却很少。作者之前的一项研究表明，慕尼黑居民对动物的偏好受到他们对动物的态度的影响。在这里，我们进一步分析了人类的人口统计参数和与动物的经验如何影响人们对动物安置地点的决定。我们使用人口统计、经验和态度的数据来测试这些因素如何影响人们对不同动物的接受程度——以为动物选择的最亲密关系量表的形式。采用多群体结构方程模型，以对动物的态度为中介，以动物为分组变量，理清不同变量对放置的影响，并对不同动物进行比较。使用PiecewiseSEM完成变量选择和路径约束，并使用Lavaan生成最终估计。我们发现，不同的人口统计和经历与接受离家近或离家远的动物有关。那些更喜欢动物的人，受教育程度更高，表示他们更喜欢花时间在大自然中，或者在他们的环境中帮助动物，通常接受大多数离他们家更近的动物。相比之下，住在房子里而不是公寓里的人通常希望大多数动物离家更远。我们的研究结果强调，受内部和外部因素的影响，人们对动物有不同的看法。考虑到这一点可以帮助确定在城市环境中接受或拒绝动物的原因，帮助指导城市保护项目，并调解人类与野生动物的冲突。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of environmental variables for species distribution modelling: Insight from the mosaic distribution of red- and yellow-bellied toads 物种分布模型的环境变量评估：从红腹蟾蜍和黄腹蟾蜍的马赛克分布的见解

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-06-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.06.005

Jan W. Arntzen , Krisztián Harmos , Judit Vörös

Species distribution modelling can possibly be improved through the preferential use of explanatory variables that reflect the natural history characteristics of the species being modelled. Red- and yellow-bellied toads (genus Bombina) engage in an intricate mosaic distribution across Europe. Analysing new atlas data on these species’ mutual distribution in Hungary with principal coordinate analysis we identified their differential ecological preferences as forested, hilly and mountainous for B. variegata and open lowland for B. bombina. These locally operating parameters we consider to be good proxies for the essential species difference which resides in breeding in ephemeral puddles at early succession (B. variegata) versus large permanent and later succession ponds (B. bombina). With two-species distribution modelling – in which the presence of one species is contrasted with the presence of the counterpart species – we obtained excellent model fit (AUC) for climate and elevation / land cover datasets alike (AUC=0.98 versus 0.95). For both models fit values dropped upon transference to surrounding countries, yet the latter model kept significantly higher predictive power (AUC=0.91) than the climate model (AUC=0.79). Swapping elevation for ‘hilliness’ as suggested in the literature had a significant negative effect on model performance. We conclude that an informed parameter selection enhances model transferability, therewith improving our understanding of species-habitat associations.

物种分布建模可以通过优先使用反映被建模物种的自然历史特征的解释变量来改进。红腹蟾蜍和黄腹蟾蜍（bomina属）在整个欧洲以复杂的马赛克分布。利用主坐标分析方法分析了这些物种在匈牙利相互分布的新地图集数据，确定了它们在森林、丘陵和山地的不同生态偏好，以及在开阔低地的不同生态偏好。我们认为，这些局部操作参数可以很好地代表物种的基本差异，这种差异存在于演替早期的短暂水坑（B. variegata）和演替后期的大型永久水坑（B. bombina）中。通过双物种分布模型（其中一个物种的存在与对应物种的存在进行对比），我们获得了气候和海拔/土地覆盖数据集的优秀模型拟合（AUC=0.98对0.95）。两种模式的拟合值在迁移到周边国家后都有所下降，但后者的预测能力（AUC=0.91）明显高于气候模式（AUC=0.79）。如文献中所建议的那样，将海拔替换为“丘陵”对模型性能有显著的负面影响。我们的结论是，知情的参数选择增强了模型的可转移性，从而提高了我们对物种-栖息地关系的理解。

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引用次数: 0