Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献_第5页

Status and trends of Germany’s urban biodiversity: A nationwide assessment and identified knowledge gaps 德国城市生物多样性的现状和趋势：一项全国性的评估和确定的知识差距

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.002

Thilo Wellmann , Sonja Knapp , Christian Albert , Monika Egerer , Leonie K. Fischer , Josef Kaiser , Stephanie Kramer-Schadt , André Mascarenhas , Christian Ristok , Maria Sporbert , Tanja M. Straka , Michael W. Strohbach , Christoph Bleidorn , Jori Maylin Marx , Willi E.R. Xylander , Peter Keil , Dagmar Haase

Knowledge on the status and trends of biodiversity in urban areas is scattered and biased towards a few taxonomic groups, despite the fact that cities are where most humans get in touch with nature today. As part of the German Biodiversity Assessment (‘Faktencheck Artenvielfalt’), we conducted a nationwide review of published studies that recorded species occurrences in urban areas in Germany. We found that urban areas can host a large proportion of all plant, animal, and fungal species found in Germany, thus contributing to the nationwide conservation of biodiversity. However, compared to other habitat types outside of cities, the number of studies analysing the status and trends of urban biodiversity is relatively small. We could not identify a general trend over time for species diversity in German cities, based on the available studies. Even within individual species groups, there are combinations of declining, positive, and/or neutral trends. Information on population trends remains limited. Similarly, evidence of whether urbanisation promotes the homogenisation or differentiation of species groups is weak, with those groups investigated more thoroughly showing mixed patterns. With regard to biodiversity promotion, preserving the environmental heterogeneity that contributes to biodiversity is important, such as the maintenance of various habitat types (forests, parks, gardens, ponds, streams, etc.) that offer various food and nesting resources. Hence, the proportion of built-up impervious areas must remain limited, i.e. must not increase, and additional measures to promote biodiversity must be implemented. However, local authorities are largely ill-equipped to systematically monitor species occurrence across the variety of habitat types, or elements of green-blue infrastructure and taxonomic groups in cities. We discuss these findings, considering international urban biodiversity assessments and suggest key attributes of an effective national monitoring system to support urban biodiversity conservation and enhancement.

尽管城市是当今大多数人类接触自然的地方，但关于城市地区生物多样性现状和趋势的知识是分散的，并且偏向于几个分类群。作为德国生物多样性评估（Faktencheck Artenvielfalt）的一部分，我们对德国城市地区记录物种发生的已发表研究进行了全国性的审查。我们发现，城市地区可以容纳大部分在德国发现的植物、动物和真菌物种，从而有助于全国范围内的生物多样性保护。然而，与城市以外的其他生境类型相比，分析城市生物多样性现状和趋势的研究相对较少。基于现有的研究，我们无法确定德国城市物种多样性随时间的总体趋势。即使在单个物种群中，也有下降、上升和/或中性趋势的组合。关于人口趋势的资料仍然有限。同样，城市化是否促进了物种群体的同质化或分化的证据也很薄弱，对这些群体进行了更彻底的调查，显示出混合模式。在促进生物多样性方面，保护有助于生物多样性的环境异质性很重要，例如维护提供各种食物和筑巢资源的各种栖息地类型（森林、公园、花园、池塘、溪流等）。因此，建成的不透水地区的比例必须保持有限，即不能增加，并且必须实施额外的措施来促进生物多样性。然而，地方当局基本上没有能力系统地监测各种栖息地类型的物种发生情况，也没有能力监测城市中绿蓝基础设施和分类群体的组成部分。我们讨论了这些发现，并结合国际城市生物多样性评估，提出了有效的国家监测系统的关键属性，以支持城市生物多样性的保护和增强。

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引用次数: 0

Tillage regime shapes ground beetle distribution and their potential for weed control under drought conditions 在干旱条件下，耕作制度会影响地面甲虫的分布及其控制杂草的潜力

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.001

Francesco Lami , Francesco Boscutti , Giacomo Santoiemma , Lorenzo Marini

Tillage affects soil invertebrates such as ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with potential repercussions on the pest and weed control services they provide. Knowledge about the effects of tillage on weed control through seed predation is particularly important in the context of climate change-induced drought, which may exacerbate weed problems.

In this study, we investigated the effects of tillage (conservation vs. conventional) on the abundance, diversity and in-field distribution of ground beetles in 9 pairs of annual crop fields in Northern Italy. We also tested the effect of tillage, artificially induced drought (-50 % precipitation) and arthropod seed predator exclusion on weed biomass and diversity within the same fields. We expected conservation tillage to increase ground beetle abundance and richness, and seed predator presence to buffer the projected increased weed incidence in conservation tillage and drought conditions.

In conservation tillage fields, ground beetle activity density was overall higher, and decreased from field margin to field center, while in conventional tillage it was lower and had an opposite spatial trend. This pattern, reflected also in the in-field distribution of the dominant species Pterostichus melas, is likely caused by differential distribution of habitat and food resources in the two management systems. Conservation tillage also positively affected species richness, further underlying its importance in ground beetle conservation.

Unexpectedly, seed predator exclusion reduced weed biomass in conservation tillage. This may be linked to higher seed density, a situation in which the removal of competing seeds can trigger compensatory mechanisms in the remaining seed bank. As drought also increased weed incidence, strategies such as thick mulching, sowing density manipulation, crop rotations and cover cropping might become increasingly necessary in order to limit weeds to a level at which seed predation can efficiently contribute to weed control in climate change scenarios.

耕作影响土壤无脊椎动物，如地甲虫（鞘翅目：甲虫科），对它们提供的病虫害和杂草控制服务有潜在的影响。在气候变化引起的干旱可能加剧杂草问题的背景下，了解耕作通过种子捕食对杂草控制的影响尤为重要。本研究以意大利北部9对一年生作物田为研究对象，研究了保护性耕作与常规耕作对地甲虫丰度、多样性和田间分布的影响。我们还测试了耕作、人工干旱（- 50%降水）和节肢动物种子捕食者排除对同一农田内杂草生物量和多样性的影响。我们预计保护性耕作将增加地面甲虫的丰度和丰富度，而种子捕食者的存在将缓冲保护性耕作和干旱条件下预计增加的杂草发生率。保护性耕作区地面甲虫活动密度总体较高，且从田缘到田中心呈下降趋势；常规耕作区地面甲虫活动密度总体较低，且空间趋势相反。这种格局也反映在优势种melas Pterostichus的田间分布上，可能是由于两种管理制度下生境和食物资源分布的差异造成的。保护性耕作对物种丰富度也有积极影响，进一步说明了保护性耕作对地面甲虫保护的重要性。出乎意料的是，排除种子捕食者减少了保护性耕作的杂草生物量。这可能与较高的种子密度有关，在这种情况下，除去竞争种子可以触发剩余种子库中的补偿机制。由于干旱也增加了杂草的发病率，因此为了在气候变化情景下将杂草限制在种子捕食可以有效控制杂草的水平上，诸如厚覆盖、播种密度控制、作物轮作和覆盖种植等策略可能变得越来越必要。

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引用次数: 0

Nematode diversity loss and community change in urban green spaces explained by alterations in soil pore structure and chemical properties 土壤孔隙结构和化学性质变化解释城市绿地线虫多样性丧失和群落变化

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.008

Justin Louis Kafana Coulibaly , Xin Gong , Alexis Kayiranga , Huayuan Shangguan , Yanbo Chen , Xiuling Yu , Saichao Zhang , Shasha Hu , An Xie , Taha Ahmed Mohamed , Nico Eisenhauer , Xin Sun

Due to various urban stressors, urban green spaces often fail to maintain soil biodiversity when compared to natural forests. Previous studies attributed this reduction to chemical changes in the soil. However, many human activities in urban environments can lead to soil compaction and changes in soil pore structure, which have been poorly investigated. Here, we compared the diversity of nematode communities, a key indicator of soil health, in soils collected from natural forests and urban green spaces (parks and green belts). We characterized pore structures using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) alongside chemical properties, to assess the contribution of these soil changes to variations in nematode communities. Our findings revealed significant changes in soil chemical properties (mainly in soil pH) and a substantial loss of soil porosity by 84.88 % in urban green spaces, accompanied by fragmentation of the morphology of habitable pore space. Specifically, the volume of soil pores decreased by over 95 %, with a decline in the proportion of macropores (over 79 %) and a more than 160 % increase in mesopores. These physical alterations, driven by urbanization intensity, negatively affected nematode communities, leading to significant declines in community diversity, shifts in community composition, and reduced network complexity. Importantly, changes in soil pore structure were as critical as chemical properties in explaining the effects of urbanization on nematodes. This study provides guidance for urban planning and management, focusing on improving soil chemical and physical characteristics to preserve soil biodiversity and ecological resilience in urban environments.

由于各种城市压力因素，与天然林相比，城市绿地往往无法维持土壤生物多样性。以前的研究将这种减少归因于土壤中的化学变化。然而，城市环境中的许多人类活动会导致土壤压实和土壤孔隙结构的变化，这方面的研究很少。在这里，我们比较了从天然森林和城市绿地（公园和绿化带）收集的土壤中线虫群落的多样性，这是土壤健康的一个关键指标。我们使用微计算机断层扫描（Micro-CT）和化学性质来表征孔隙结构，以评估这些土壤变化对线虫群落变化的贡献。研究结果表明，城市绿地土壤化学性质（主要是土壤pH值）发生了显著变化，土壤孔隙度大幅减少84.88%，并伴有可居住孔隙空间形态的破碎化。其中，土壤孔隙体积减少95%以上，其中大孔比例下降79%以上，中孔比例增加160%以上。这些由城市化强度驱动的物理变化对线虫群落产生了负面影响，导致群落多样性显著下降，群落组成发生变化，网络复杂性降低。重要的是，在解释城市化对线虫的影响时，土壤孔隙结构的变化与化学性质一样重要。该研究为城市规划和管理提供指导，重点关注改善土壤化学和物理特性，以保持城市环境中土壤的生物多样性和生态弹性。

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引用次数: 0

Space-for-Time Substitution to study changes in flowering phenology in herbaceous species is most reliable for early-flowering species 用时空替代法研究草本植物开花物候变化对早花物种最为可靠

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.007

Anna Knapp , Wolfgang Matzke , Barbara Knickmann , Christine Römermann , Robert Rauschkolb

Phenological events in plants are shifting worldwide in response to changes in climate. Studying long-term shifts of phenological events in plants using historical data can lead to a better understanding of processes driving phenological changes and a basis for predicting potential changes in the future. However, conducting such Time-for-Time Substitutions (TFTS), i.e., learning from the past to predict the future, remains rare due to limited availability of long-term data. An alternative method for understanding phenological change is the Space-for-Time Substitution (SFTS), in which the temporal gradient is reflected by a spatial gradient.

We used historical phenological records of 17 herbaceous species from botanical gardens in Vienna covering a period of 150 years and data from 11 botanical gardens covering a spatial gradient to test the space-time equivalence. We fitted a linear-mixed effect model to test for differences between the two approaches (i.e., changes in time vs. changes in space) for analysing the associations between annual flowering onset dates and temperature. In addition, we examined the species-specific suitability of SFTS in regard to species' temporal niches.

We showed that flowering advanced on average by seven days for a temperature increase of 1 °C, irrespective of the gradient considered. At the species level, however, we found that the known pattern that late-flowering species are less temperature-sensitive was not found with the SFTS dataset. The space-time equivalence was better fulfilled for early-flowering species than for late-flowering ones.

This study contributes significantly to phenological research, as it demonstrated that the SFTS generally applied for herbaceous species. However, this method should always be used with caution for species-specific questions. In addition, it remains unclear to what extent the patterns found in botanical gardens are also found in less-controlled habitats.

在全球范围内，植物物候事件随着气候变化而发生变化。利用历史数据研究植物物候事件的长期变化可以更好地理解物候变化的驱动过程，并为预测未来的潜在变化奠定基础。然而，由于长期数据的可用性有限，进行这种时间对时间的替代（TFTS），即从过去学习来预测未来，仍然很少见。另一种理解物候变化的方法是时空替代（SFTS），其中时间梯度由空间梯度反映。利用维也纳17个植物园150年的物候记录和11个不同空间梯度植物园的物候数据，验证了时空等价性。我们拟合了一个线性混合效应模型来检验两种方法之间的差异（即时间变化与空间变化），以分析每年开花日期与温度之间的关系。此外，我们还研究了SFTS在物种时间生态位方面的物种特异性适宜性。我们发现，无论考虑何种梯度，温度升高1°C，开花时间平均提前7天。然而，在物种水平上，我们发现在SFTS数据集中没有发现花期较晚的物种对温度不敏感的已知模式。早花物种比晚花物种更能满足时空等价性。该研究对物候研究具有重要意义，因为它表明SFTS普遍适用于草本物种。然而，对于特定物种的问题，这种方法应始终谨慎使用。此外，目前尚不清楚在植物园中发现的模式在多大程度上也能在控制较少的栖息地中发现。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting effects of land-use and local disturbance on plant and pollinator communities in wetlands 土地利用与局地干扰对湿地植物和传粉昆虫群落的影响对比

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.004

Nicholas Oldham , Jamie Herold , Kevin Moulton , Adrian Gonzalez , Laura Russo

While pollinators and wetlands both provide important ecosystem services (e.g., the pollination of flowering plants and improving water quality), the relationship between the two is not well understood. Both biotic and abiotic effects can mediate the local wetland flower and pollinator community. In this study, we investigated how land use, including a land use gradient at five different radii, from 250 m to 2 km, along with anthropogenic disturbance affected pollinators in wetland ecosystems. We surveyed the abundance and diversity of plant-pollinator communities in fifteen different wetlands across two years. We also tested the relationship between water quality and temperature, and the abundance and diversity of flowering plants and pollinating insects. Our results suggest that increasing temperature, which was strongly associated with developed land use, had a negative effect on the floral display of wetland plants, as well as the abundance of all flower visitors and hover flies. Hover fly abundance was also positively associated with agricultural land use and total nitrogen in the water. Meanwhile, the abundance of female bees was affected by an interaction between temperature and disturbance: female bees were most abundant when temperatures were lower in areas of low disturbance. In contrast, pollinator species richness increased with temperature when developed land use was low, and floral diversity was strongly affected by several interactions between disturbance, land use, and water quality. Finally, the community composition of both plants and insects varied significantly among low, medium, and high disturbance categories, with weedier, non-native species being significantly associated with areas of higher disturbance and in sites with greater anthropogenic land use. We demonstrate that ecological communities shift significantly in response to anthropogenic change. Our work also illustrates the importance of quantifying interactions between land use and local disturbance with abiotic factors such as temperature and water quality on ecological systems.

虽然传粉媒介和湿地都提供重要的生态系统服务（例如，开花植物的授粉和改善水质），但两者之间的关系尚不清楚。生物效应和非生物效应都可以调节当地湿地的花卉和传粉昆虫群落。在这项研究中，我们研究了土地利用如何影响湿地生态系统中的传粉昆虫，包括在250 m至2 km的五个不同半径上的土地利用梯度，以及人为干扰。我们在两年的时间里调查了15个不同湿地的植物传粉者群落的丰度和多样性。我们还测试了水质与温度之间的关系，以及开花植物和传粉昆虫的丰度和多样性。研究结果表明，温度升高对湿地植物的花卉展示，以及所有访花者和悬停蝇的数量都有负面影响，而温度升高与土地利用的发达程度密切相关。飞蝇丰度与农业用地和水体总氮呈显著正相关。同时，雌性蜜蜂的丰度受到温度和干扰的相互作用的影响：在低干扰地区，温度较低时雌性蜜蜂的丰度最高。在土地利用程度较低时，传粉媒介物种丰富度随温度升高而增加，植物多样性受干扰、土地利用和水质的多重相互作用的强烈影响。最后，植物和昆虫的群落组成在低、中、高干扰类别之间存在显著差异，杂草和非本地物种与高干扰地区和高人为土地利用地点显著相关。我们证明了生态群落对人为变化的显著响应。我们的工作还说明了量化土地利用和局部干扰与生态系统的温度和水质等非生物因素之间的相互作用的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental reduction of land use increases invertebrate abundance in grasslands 实验性减少土地利用增加了草原无脊椎动物的丰度

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.006

Michael Staab , Alexander Keller , Rafael Achury , Andrea Hilpert , Norbert Hölzel , Daniel Prati , Wolfgang W. Weisser , Nico Blüthgen

Grasslands are diverse ecosystems that are increasingly threatened by intensive land use. Restoring grasslands by reducing land-use intensity may support insect abundance and diversity, helping to halt insect declines. To test for the effect of reduced land use on invertebrates, we studied an experiment (established 2020) at 45 sites across three regions of Germany. We hypothesized that reduced land use increases invertebrate abundance, with larger effects in less intensively used grasslands. Using suction sampling, invertebrates were quantitatively sampled in May 2021 and May 2023, with 2021 samples identified by DNA meta-barcoding. Reducing land use to a single late mowing increased invertebrate abundance by 41 % after one year and 99 % after three years. However, species diversity did not differ between treatments and controls. The effect of land-use reduction on abundance was consistently influenced by land use in the surrounding matrix, with larger positive effect sizes at grasslands with lower mowing frequency but higher fertilization. In spite of these local differences in the magnitude of restoration effects, the consistent increase in invertebrate abundance suggests that reducing land-use intensity can enhance invertebrate populations with potential benefits for ecosystem functions. It will be important to study how outcomes of land-use reduction develop over time, as land-use reduction is likely more successful when implemented permanently.

草原是多种多样的生态系统，日益受到土地集约利用的威胁。通过减少土地利用强度来恢复草地可以支持昆虫的丰富度和多样性，有助于阻止昆虫的减少。为了测试土地利用减少对无脊椎动物的影响，我们在德国三个地区的45个地点进行了一项实验（建立于2020年）。我们假设，减少土地利用会增加无脊椎动物的数量，在使用较少的草原上产生更大的影响。2021年5月和2023年5月，采用吸采法对无脊椎动物进行定量采样，其中2021个样本通过DNA元条形码进行鉴定。将土地利用减少到一次晚割，一年后无脊椎动物的数量增加了41%，三年后增加了99%。不同处理与对照间物种多样性无显著差异。土地利用减少对丰度的影响始终受到周围基质土地利用的影响，在刈割频率较低但施肥程度较高的草地上，正效应较大。尽管在恢复效应的程度上存在这些地方差异，但无脊椎动物丰度的持续增加表明，降低土地利用强度可以增加无脊椎动物的数量，对生态系统功能有潜在的好处。研究土地利用减少的结果如何随着时间的推移而发展是很重要的，因为土地利用减少在永久实施时可能会更成功。

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引用次数: 0

Drivers of plant species diversity in suburban forests: A case study from the Czech Republic 郊区森林植物物种多样性的驱动因素：捷克共和国的案例研究

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.007

Daniel Kadaš, Zdeňka Lososová

Urbanization, together with land use changes, significantly transforms surrounding habitats, affecting the occurrence of plant species and the diversity of communities they form. However, detailed information on the individual environmental drivers influencing plant species composition of suburban forests remains limited. In this study, we ask: What are the main drivers of plant species diversity in suburban forests? In the city of Brno, Czech Republic, and its surroundings, we surveyed 110 vegetation plots of acidophilous oak and hornbeam forests. Using generalized linear models and canonical correspondence analysis, we studied the effects of urban environmental drivers on various plant species characteristics. Urbanization was the most significant driver since artificial surfaces near forests decreased total species richness and increased both the disturbance severity and the proportion of non-native species. Larger forest areas supported the presence of forest specialists and limited the spread of competitive generalists. Open forest stands surrounded by agricultural areas promoted the persistence of threatened species. Despite the prevailing acidic bedrock, variation in soil pH – common in urban areas – also influenced plant species diversity. In addition, forest management significantly affected vegetation composition, independently of the surrounding land use. Based on our findings, ensuring sufficient forest area, minimizing disturbance, maintaining habitat continuity, and enhancing landscape connectivity are essential for conservation of near-natural forests in urban planning. Management of oak and hornbeam forests should aim to create more open stands, support understorey regeneration, and prevent environmental degradation to sustain their required ecosystem functions.

城市化与土地利用变化一起显著改变了周围的栖息地，影响了植物物种的发生及其形成的群落的多样性。然而，关于影响郊区森林植物物种组成的个别环境驱动因素的详细信息仍然有限。在这项研究中，我们的问题是：郊区森林中植物物种多样性的主要驱动因素是什么？在捷克共和国布尔诺市及其周边地区，我们调查了110个喜酸性橡树和角木林的植被样地。利用广义线性模型和典型对应分析，研究了城市环境驱动因素对不同植物物种特征的影响。城市化是最重要的驱动因素，因为森林附近的人工地表降低了物种的总丰富度，增加了干扰的严重程度和非本地物种的比例。较大的森林面积支持了森林专家的存在，并限制了竞争性通才的传播。被农业区包围的开阔林分促进了受威胁物种的持续存在。尽管基岩普遍呈酸性，但土壤pH值的变化（在城市地区很常见）也会影响植物物种多样性。此外，森林管理显著影响植被组成，而不受周围土地利用的影响。根据我们的研究结果，确保足够的森林面积，减少干扰，保持栖息地的连续性，增强景观连通性是城市规划中保护近天然森林的必要条件。橡树和角梁林的管理应旨在创造更多的开放林分，支持林下植被的更新，防止环境退化，以维持其所需的生态系统功能。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of abandonment and intensification on the biodiversity of agriculturally marginal grasslands – a systematic review 撂荒与集约化对农业边缘草原生物多样性的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.003

Susanna Hempel , Felix Herzog , Péter Batáry , Erik Öckinger , Eva Knop

Agriculturally marginal grasslands have been traditionally managed at low intensity for centuries and are among Europe’s key biodiversity hotspots. Because of their low profitability, many of them have been either abandoned or subjected to intensified management in recent decades. Both pathways threaten the high diversity of grassland species that depend on traditional management practices. To counteract the negative effects of abandonment or agricultural intensification on biodiversity, restoration and conservation practices were established. Through a systematic literature review based on 174 European studies, we investigated the impacts of abandonment and intensification on various measures of agriculturally marginal grasslands diversity. Additionally, we extracted information on the positive impacts of conservation – defined here as sustained extensive management practices - and restoration efforts aimed at previously abandoned or intensified grasslands. Abandonment had a high probability (71%) of reducing plant and lichen biodiversity, while it was significantly less likely to decrease the diversity of animals (23%). Intensification negatively affected the diversity of all organism groups to a similar extent (65% probability for plants and lichen, 47% for animals). Conservation efforts were likely to maintain or increase animal biodiversity (probability 79%), but in the studies we analysed, they were not sufficient to preserve the biodiversity of plants and lichen. The restoration of abandoned or intensified grasslands was predicted to enhance plant and lichen diversity (68% probability), while not significantly changing animal diversity. Thus, different organisms groups responded differently to changes in agricultural management, highlighting the need for targeted conservation and restoration strategies. By synthesizing biodiversity responses across taxa and management types, this review contributes to a more integrated and evidence-based understanding of how to maintain and improve the ecological value of agriculturally marginal grasslands.

几个世纪以来，农业边缘草原传统上一直以低强度管理，是欧洲主要的生物多样性热点地区之一。由于盈利能力低，近几十年来，许多企业要么被放弃，要么受到强化管理。这两种途径都威胁到依赖传统管理方法的草地物种的高度多样性。为了抵消撂荒或农业集约化对生物多样性的负面影响，建立了恢复和保护措施。通过对174项欧洲研究的系统文献综述，研究了撂荒和集约化对农业边缘草地多样性的影响。此外，我们提取了关于保护的积极影响的信息——这里定义为持续的广泛管理实践——以及针对以前被遗弃或集约化的草原的恢复努力。撂撂撂撂地减少植物和地衣生物多样性的可能性很高（71%），而减少动物多样性的可能性较低（23%）。强化对所有生物类群的多样性产生了相似程度的负面影响（植物和地衣的概率为65%，动物的概率为47%）。保护工作可能维持或增加动物的生物多样性（概率为79%），但在我们分析的研究中，它们不足以保护植物和地衣的生物多样性。放弃或加剧了草原的恢复是预测来提高植物和苔藓多样性(68%概率),虽然不显著改变动物的多样性。因此，不同的生物群体对农业管理变化的反应不同，突出了有针对性的保护和恢复战略的必要性。通过对不同分类群和管理类型的生物多样性响应的综合分析，有助于对如何维持和提高农业边缘草地的生态价值有更全面和基于证据的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Collectomics in plant biodiversity research − looking into the past to understand the present and shape the future 植物生物多样性研究中的集体组学——回顾过去，了解现在，塑造未来

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.07.002

Solveig Franziska Bucher , Sebastian Gebauer , Jonas Grieb , Matthias Körschens , Jochen Müller , Christiane M. Ritz , Rajapreethi Rajendran , Claus Weiland , Karsten Wesche , Kristin Victor , Christine Römermann

Global biodiversity is changing at unprecedented rates during the Anthropocene. Whereas current biodiversity patterns can be observed directly, information from the recent past is far less easily retrieved yet urgently needed to understand present observations and predict future developments. For plants, herbaria offer such a unique glimpse into the past. Evaluation of plant specimens allows determining a wide range of attributes like species identity, morphological and phenological traits and even signs of biotic interactions. Specimen’s labels convey data such as species identity (and identification history), date and locality of collection, as well as the surrounding biotic and abiotic environment. Current methodological developments in sensor technology and computer vision increasingly enable us to extract this information in a high throughput and automated way. Equally vast developments in data science allow to integrate data from other sources for much more comprehensive analyses than before. With millions of specimens already digitized and digitization schemes running in many institutions, we will be increasingly able to determine characteristics of species and link them via distribution records to large-scale climate change scenarios. This allows us to better predict species’ threat levels, and to develop scenarios on the consequences of biodiversity change for ecosystem functioning. The present contribution reviews recent herbaria research and describes potential avenues with respect to Museomics and the Extended Specimen, and we propose Collectomics as a new framework to unravel, understand, and cope with the Anthropocene biodiversity change.

在人类世期间，全球生物多样性正在以前所未有的速度变化。虽然目前的生物多样性模式可以直接观察到，但从最近的过去检索信息要容易得多，但迫切需要了解目前的观察结果并预测未来的发展。对于植物来说，植物标本室提供了对过去的独特一瞥。植物标本的评估可以确定广泛的属性，如物种身份，形态和物候特征，甚至生物相互作用的迹象。标本的标签传递诸如物种身份（和鉴定历史）、采集日期和地点以及周围的生物和非生物环境等数据。当前传感器技术和计算机视觉方法的发展日益使我们能够以高通量和自动化的方式提取这些信息。同样，数据科学的巨大发展使我们能够整合来自其他来源的数据，进行比以前更全面的分析。随着数以百万计的标本已经数字化，以及许多机构正在实施的数字化计划，我们将越来越有能力确定物种的特征，并通过分布记录将它们与大规模气候变化情景联系起来。这使我们能够更好地预测物种的威胁程度，并就生物多样性变化对生态系统功能的影响制定情景。本文回顾了近年来的植物标本馆研究，并描述了博物馆组学和扩展标本学的潜在途径，提出了集体组学作为揭示、理解和应对人类世生物多样性变化的新框架。

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引用次数: 0

Special issue: Biodiversity and ecosystem services in European vineyards: Innovative approaches for a sustainable future 特刊：欧洲葡萄园的生物多样性和生态系统服务：可持续未来的创新方法

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.005

Armin Bischoff , Anita Kirmer

引用次数: 0