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IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.008
Carsten F. Dormann
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引用次数: 0
Functional traits mediate ant community assembly in a West African savannah-forest mosaic (Côte d'Ivoire) 功能特征在西非热带草原-森林镶嵌区(科特迪瓦)的蚂蚁群落组合中起中介作用
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.10.003
Cassandra Vogel , Nils-Christian Schumacher , Marcell K. Peters , Karl Eduard Linsenmair , Erik T. Frank
African forest-savannah mosaics are complex landscapes holding mixtures of woody grasslands (savannah) and different forest systems (gallery forests and forest islands). In these landscapes, ants are highly diverse and perform essential ecosystem services, however, the assembly of ant communities in African forest-savannah mosaics is poorly understood. Here we showed the diversity and species overlap of ant communities in three habitats of the West African savannah and quantified the contribution of thermal tolerances and trophic ecology to community assembly. We investigated ant diversity in the West African Comoé National Park (Côte d'Ivoire) at 16 sites of three habitat types within a forest-savannah mosaic: continuous gallery forest, isolated forest islands and savannah. Across all sites, we collected a total of 91 species from 35 genera from three strata: trees, leaf litter, and soil. Additionally, we assessed differences in functional traits (trophic groups and thermal tolerance) between habitat types and strata. Though species richness was similar in all three habitats, there was a clear separation in species assemblages and functional traits between the two forest habitats and the savannah. Species assemblage shifts were primarily due to species turnover between savannah and forest habitats. In addition, the turnover in species assemblages from forests to savannah habitats was associated with a change in the thermal tolerance of species and in the proportion of trophobionts and predators. Forest and savannah habitats support distinct ant communities with different functional traits and contribute additively to the landscape-scale diversity of the West African ant fauna. Land-use and park management should focus on conserving both savannah and forest sites in tropical protected areas such as the Comoé National Park.
非洲森林-稀树草原镶嵌地貌十分复杂,既有木本草原(稀树草原),也有不同的森林系统(廊道森林和森林岛屿)。在这些地貌中,蚂蚁种类繁多,为生态系统提供重要服务,但人们对非洲森林-稀树草原镶嵌区蚂蚁群落的组成却知之甚少。在这里,我们展示了西非热带稀树草原三种栖息地中蚂蚁群落的多样性和物种重叠情况,并量化了热耐受性和营养生态学对群落组合的贡献。我们调查了西非科莫埃国家公园(科特迪瓦)16 个地点的蚂蚁多样性,这些地点位于森林-稀树草原交错分布的三种栖息地类型中:连续的廊道森林、孤立的森林岛屿和稀树草原。在所有地点,我们从树木、落叶层和土壤三个层共采集到 35 个属的 91 个物种。此外,我们还评估了不同生境类型和地层之间功能特征(营养群和热耐受性)的差异。虽然三种栖息地的物种丰富度相似,但两种森林栖息地和热带稀树草原之间的物种组合和功能特征存在明显差异。物种组合的变化主要是由于热带稀树草原和森林栖息地之间的物种更替造成的。此外,从森林到热带稀树草原栖息地的物种组合变化与物种的热耐受性以及滋养体和捕食者比例的变化有关。森林和稀树草原栖息地支持着具有不同功能特征的蚂蚁群落,对西非蚂蚁动物群景观尺度多样性的贡献是相辅相成的。土地使用和公园管理应侧重于保护热带保护区(如科莫埃国家公园)中的热带稀树草原和森林。
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引用次数: 0
The contribution of pollinators varies among soybean cultivar traits 传粉媒介的贡献因大豆栽培品种特征而异
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.10.002
Natacha P. Chacoff , Julieta Carrasco , Silvio E. Castillo , A. Carolina Monmany Garzia , Lucía Zarbá , Roxana Aragón
Soybean is one of the most widely cultivated species worldwide. Empirical studies have shown that animal pollination can contribute between 0 and 50 % to soybean yields. However, the role of animal pollination in soybean production is often overlooked in management decisions. Understanding the factors driving variability in pollinator contribution can aid in developing effective management strategies. In this study, we experimentally assessed the contribution of both autonomous and animal pollination across nine widely cultivated soybean cultivars in the Chaco region of Argentina. Additionally, we explored whether specific traits of these cultivars could explain the observed variability in pollination contribution. We used field exclosure experiments to study cultivars that differed in flower color, genetic modifications, and maturity groups, and analyzed the variability in pollinators’ contributions across years and locations. We found that the overall reduction in production between open and bagged plants was, on average, 40 % (CI 25–51 %). The contribution of pollinators varied depending on flower color, maturity groups, and locations, but not across different years or genetic modifications. Cultivars with purple flowers showed greater differences between open and bagged plants compared to those with white flowers, indicating that flower color may influence the attractiveness of flowers to pollinators. Additionally, pollinators’ contribution varied across maturity groups, potentially due to the differential timing of the flowering affecting the local abundance of pollinators within the crop. Notably, the variable used to estimate pollinators’ contribution (i.e., seeds, pods, or yield) conditioned the results. Pollinators’ contribution can be highly variable, and traits associated with cultivars can help improve our understanding of such heterogeneity. Our results showed that the contribution of pollinators to soybean cultivars in the Chaco region of Argentina ranges from modest to high. This suggests that conserving pollinators and managing agricultural fields at plot and landscape scales can significantly impact soybean production.
大豆是全球最广泛种植的物种之一。经验研究表明,动物授粉对大豆产量的贡献率在 0% 到 50% 之间。然而,动物授粉在大豆生产中的作用往往在管理决策中被忽视。了解授粉者贡献率变化的驱动因素有助于制定有效的管理策略。在本研究中,我们通过实验评估了阿根廷查科地区九种广泛种植的大豆品种的自主授粉和动物授粉的贡献。此外,我们还探讨了这些栽培品种的特定性状是否能解释所观察到的授粉贡献的差异性。我们利用田间封闭实验研究了在花色、基因修饰和成熟度组别方面存在差异的栽培品种,并分析了不同年份和地点传粉媒介贡献的变异性。我们发现,开放植株和袋装植株的总产量平均减少 40%(CI 25-51%)。传粉媒介的贡献因花朵颜色、成熟度组别和地点而异,但在不同年份或不同基因改良情况下并无差异。与白色花朵的品种相比,紫色花朵的品种在开放植株和袋栽植株之间的差异更大,这表明花朵的颜色可能会影响花朵对传粉媒介的吸引力。此外,授粉昆虫的贡献在不同成熟度组别之间存在差异,这可能是由于开花时间的不同影响了作物当地授粉昆虫的数量。值得注意的是,用于估算传粉昆虫贡献的变量(即种子、豆荚或产量)对结果产生了影响。传粉昆虫的贡献可能变化很大,而与栽培品种相关的性状有助于提高我们对这种异质性的认识。我们的研究结果表明,传粉昆虫对阿根廷查科地区大豆栽培品种的贡献率从低到高不等。这表明,保护传粉昆虫以及在地块和景观尺度上管理农田会对大豆产量产生重大影响。
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引用次数: 0
Hydrological dynamics, wetland morphology and vegetation structure determine riparian arthropod communities in constructed wetlands 水文动态、湿地形态和植被结构决定了人工湿地中的河岸节肢动物群落
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.010
David Åhlén , Sofia Hedman , Jerker Jarsjö , Björn K. Klatt , Lea D. Schneider , John Strand , Ayco Tack , Imenne Åhlén , Peter A. Hambäck
Wetland hydrological dynamics often dictate the composition of biological communities found in or near wetlands, either directly or through changes in vegetation composition. However, much remains unknown, particularly regarding how riparian arthropods respond to such dynamics. In this study, we used high-resolution hydrological data, along with presence of grazing livestock and shoreline vegetation height from 41 constructed wetlands in south-western Sweden to explore flood zone areas, flood frequencies, vegetation and grazing as drivers of the resident arthropod communities. The collected material consisted of 26,817 arthropods, where the dominant groups were Diptera (13,258 specimens), spiders (6,207) and Coleoptera (2,858), which were collected using SLAM (Sea Land and Air Malaise) trapping, along with pitfall trapping and vacuum sampling of riparian arthropods. We found group-specific responses to inundation frequencies, where wetlands with higher frequencies had lower abundances of some beetles and tipulids, and where wetlands with longer low-water table periods contained less trichopterans and heteropterans. In contrast, the size of flood zone areas only affected some wolf spider groups, that were more abundant in wetlands with intermediately sized flood zones. Shoreline vegetation height affected multiple groups, spiders, beetles and dipterans, but in different directions, whereas presence of grazing livestock had limited impact on abundances and community compositions. Given the variable responses to wetland hydrological and structural drivers, it seems that wetland arthropod communities would benefit from a high local wetland habitat variability, or wetlandscapes where individual wetlands have differing hydrological dynamics, morphology and vegetation.
湿地水文动态通常直接或通过植被组成的变化来决定湿地内或湿地附近生物群落的组成。然而,还有很多未知因素,尤其是河岸节肢动物如何应对这种动态变化。在这项研究中,我们使用了高分辨率水文数据,以及瑞典西南部 41 个人工湿地中放牧牲畜的情况和海岸线植被高度,以探索洪水区面积、洪水频率、植被和放牧对常驻节肢动物群落的影响。采集的材料包括 26,817 只节肢动物,其中最主要的类群是双翅目(13,258 只标本)、蜘蛛(6,207 只)和鞘翅目(2,858 只),这些节肢动物是通过 SLAM(海陆空恶意)诱捕法、坑阱诱捕法和河岸节肢动物真空取样法采集的。我们发现,淹没频率会对特定类群产生影响,淹没频率较高的湿地中,某些甲虫和鞘翅目昆虫的数量较少,而低水位期较长的湿地中,毛翅目昆虫和异翅类昆虫的数量较少。与此相反,洪泛区面积的大小只影响到一些狼蛛类群,它们在洪泛区面积适中的湿地中数量较多。海岸线植被高度对蜘蛛、甲虫和双翅目等多个类群都有影响,但影响的方向不同,而放牧牲畜对丰度和群落组成的影响有限。鉴于对湿地水文和结构驱动因素的不同反应,湿地节肢动物群落似乎将受益于当地湿地生境的高度可变性,或各个湿地具有不同水文动态、形态和植被的湿地景观。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of sown and spontaneous inter-row vegetation on weeds and beneficial arthropods in vineyards 播种和自发行间植被对葡萄园杂草和有益节肢动物的影响
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.10.001
Léo Rocher, Emile Melloul, Olivier Blight, Armin Bischoff
The intensification of crop management has resulted in a decline of biodiversity in the last decades, in particular through habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation. Semi-natural habitats within agricultural landscapes such as hedges, grasslands or herbaceous field margins, provide resources and refuge to beneficial arthropods. In vineyards, extensively used inter-row vegetation may be functionally equivalent to such semi-natural habitats, and sowing of plant species rich in floral resources may improve habitat functions. In this study, three types of vineyard inter-row vegetation treatments were compared in 15 vineyards of South-eastern France: (1) sowing a high-diversity seed mixture (HD) with a high number of nectariferous plant species, (2) spontaneous vegetation, and (3) tilled inter-rows. We monitored the inter-row vegetation including problematic weeds, the abundance of beneficial arthropods, and the predation of sentinel prey. The invasive weedy grass species Cynodon dactylon showed a lower cover in HD inter-rows than in spontaneous vegetation, whereas no differences were found for the invasive herb Erigeron sumatrensis. Both weed species were still best controlled in tilled inter-rows. Beneficial arthropods were less abundant in tilled than in spontaneously vegetated and sown inter-rows. Day predation was higher in HD inter-rows than in spontaneous vegetation although no significant differences were found for observed predators. Over all treatments, plant species richness, flower and grass cover had a positive influence on several beneficial arthropod groups. Our results highlight the positive effects of species-rich inter-row vegetation on weed control, beneficial arthropod abundance and predation but also showed that further research is needed to improve the efficiency beyond services already provided by spontaneous vegetation.
过去几十年来,作物管理的强化导致生物多样性下降,尤其是栖息地的丧失、破碎化和退化。农业景观中的半自然栖息地,如树篱、草地或田边草本植物,为有益节肢动物提供了资源和庇护所。在葡萄园中,广泛使用的行间植被可能在功能上等同于这种半自然栖息地,播种富含花卉资源的植物物种可能会改善栖息地的功能。本研究比较了法国东南部 15 个葡萄园的三种葡萄园行间植被处理方式:(1)播种含有大量蜜源植物物种的高多样性种子混合物(HD);(2)自发植被;(3)翻耕行间。我们监测了行间植被(包括问题杂草)、有益节肢动物的数量以及哨兵猎物的捕食情况。入侵杂草物种 Cynodon dactylon 在 HD 行间的覆盖率低于自生植被,而入侵草本植物 Erigeron sumatrensis 的覆盖率则没有差异。这两种杂草在翻耕过的行间仍然控制得最好。有益节肢动物在翻耕过的行间比自发植被和播种过的行间少。尽管在观察到的捕食者方面没有发现显著差异,但日捕食量在 HD 行间比在自发植被中高。在所有处理中,植物物种丰富度、花草覆盖率对几种有益节肢动物群有积极影响。我们的研究结果凸显了物种丰富的行间植被对杂草控制、有益节肢动物数量和捕食的积极影响,但同时也表明,除了自发植被已经提供的服务外,还需要进一步的研究来提高其效率。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of spatial and temporal crop changes on bird diversity in peri‑urban agricultural lands 作物时空变化对城郊农田鸟类多样性的影响
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.007
Myung-Bok Lee, Daojian Chen, Fangyuan Liu, Fasheng Zou
Numerous studies have investigated bird diversity-environment relationships in agricultural landscapes. While many studies have emphasized the importance of natural/semi-natural elements and their diversity within or surrounding farmlands, it remains unclear how crop diversity impacts birds. There is also a significant gap in our knowledge regarding the effects of temporal changes in crop composition on bird diversity. Using small farmlands in a sub-tropical city of China, we examined how spatial and temporal variation of crops and other local farmland features was linked to species diversity of birds and their traits. In small peri‑urban agricultural areas of Guangzhou, we collected bird and crop/non-crop data approximately bimonthly from December 2021 to October 2022. Overall crop diversity and seasonal crop changes were indexed by alpha diversity (Shannon-Wiener index) and beta diversity, respectively. Both alpha and beta crop diversities were positively associated with Shannon-Wiener diversity of birds. Alpha crop diversity also tended to have a positive impact on species richness. Percent cover of woody vegetation showed a positive effect on all three bird diversity indices, i.e., species richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity, and evenness. Percent cover of rice affected species richness positively and evenness negatively, whereas the effects of percent cover of corn were the opposite. In a fourth-corner analysis, the abundance of plant/seed-eating birds was negatively associated with alpha crop diversity, whereas the abundance of ground-foraging birds was positively associated with beta crop diversity. These patterns indicate that seasonally dynamic crop changes as well as local crop diversity can influence bird diversity and traits in small farmlands. They also suggest that natural/semi-natural woody vegetation, such as trees and shrubs, play a critical role in enhancing species diversity of birds in farmlands dominated by herbaceous edible crops.
许多研究调查了农业景观中鸟类多样性与环境的关系。虽然许多研究都强调了农田内或农田周围的自然/半自然要素及其多样性的重要性,但目前仍不清楚作物多样性如何影响鸟类。在作物组成的时间变化对鸟类多样性的影响方面,我们的知识也存在很大差距。我们利用中国一个亚热带城市的小型农田,研究了农作物和其他当地农田特征的时空变化与鸟类物种多样性及其特征之间的关系。从 2021 年 12 月到 2022 年 10 月,我们大约每两个月在广州的小型近郊农业区收集一次鸟类和农作物/非农作物数据。作物总体多样性和季节性作物变化分别以α多样性(香农-维纳指数)和β多样性为指标。作物的α和β多样性与鸟类的香农-维纳多样性呈正相关。α-作物多样性对物种丰富度也有积极影响。木本植被的覆盖率对鸟类的三个多样性指数,即物种丰富度、香农-维纳多样性和均匀度都有积极影响。水稻覆盖率对物种丰富度的影响是正面的,对均匀度的影响是负面的,而玉米覆盖率的影响正好相反。在第四角分析中,植物/种子食性鸟类的数量与α作物多样性呈负相关,而地面觅食鸟类的数量与β作物多样性呈正相关。这些模式表明,作物的季节性动态变化以及当地的作物多样性会影响小型农田中鸟类的多样性和特征。研究还表明,在以草本食用作物为主的农田中,天然/半天然木本植被(如乔木和灌木)在提高鸟类物种多样性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Survival patterns and population stability of cliff plants suggest high resistance to climatic variability 悬崖植物的生存模式和种群稳定性表明它们对气候变异具有很强的抵抗力
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.009
A Múgica , H Miranda, MB García
Cliffs are marginal and poorly studied habitats that are home to a high proportion of endemic or threatened species. Here, we reviewed the survival patterns and population dynamics of plants growing on vertical cliffs and compared them to other plants with similar life forms that grow on the ground. To this end, we have compiled studies of cliff and ground-level plants from two main sources: MONITO and COMPADRE. The resulting dataset after applying some filters included a total of 243 populations of 134 plant species monitored for several years in the northern hemisphere. We tested whether survival rates of seedlings and older stages, population growth rates, and their temporal variability showed similar patterns between cliff and ground plants, and the relationship between those demographic parameters. Cliff plants showed higher survival rates for both seedlings and older life stages, as well as lower distance to population equilibrium and more stable population trends over time, compared to plants growing in the ground. Population equilibrium and temporal stability was highly correlated with the survival of post-seedling stages in both groups. These results suggest that cliff plants may be better adapted to withstand climatic variability than the more common ground-level plants occurring in less stressful environments.
悬崖是一种边缘栖息地,对其研究较少,但却是大量特有或濒危物种的栖息地。在这里,我们回顾了生长在垂直悬崖上的植物的生存模式和种群动态,并将它们与生长在地面上的其他具有类似生命形式的植物进行了比较。为此,我们汇编了来自两个主要来源的悬崖植物和地面植物研究报告:MONITO 和 COMPADRE。经过筛选后得到的数据集包括在北半球监测多年的 134 种植物的 243 个种群。我们测试了悬崖植物和地面植物的幼苗和幼苗阶段的存活率、种群增长率及其时间变化是否呈现出相似的模式,以及这些人口统计参数之间的关系。与生长在地面上的植物相比,悬崖植物的幼苗和老龄生命阶段的存活率更高,距离种群平衡的距离更短,随着时间的推移,种群趋势更稳定。种群平衡和时间稳定性与两组中幼苗后阶段的存活率高度相关。这些结果表明,与更常见的生长在压力较小环境中的地面植物相比,悬崖植物可能更能适应气候的多变性。
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引用次数: 0
Dwarf shrubs may mitigate the negative effects of climate change on spiders by moderating microclimate 矮灌木可通过调节小气候减轻气候变化对蜘蛛的负面影响
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.006
Róbert Gallé , Nikolett Gallé-Szpisjak , Péter Batáry
Climate change negatively affects arthropod biodiversity worldwide. Mitigating the resulting arthropod decline is a great challenge. Dwarf shrubs in open areas might buffer microclimatic extremities by reducing the solar radiation reaching the ground and weakening air circulation near the soil surface. Forest steppes are mosaics of forests and grasslands covering a vast area in Eurasia. This heterogeneous ecosystem offers the opportunity to study the effect of small habitat features, i.e. dwarf shrubs, in dry grasslands and compare the fauna of rosemary-leaved willow (Salix rosmarinifolia) shrubs with forest patch interiors, open grasslands and their edges. We hypothesized that the dwarf shrub microhabitat has a wetter and cooler microclimate than open grassland and a different spider community composition than other forest-steppe microhabitats. We recorded microclimatic parameters with data loggers, measured soil moisture with TDR and collected ground-dwelling spiders with pitfall traps. We detected the highest soil moisture (6.26 ± 1.21%, mean ± 95% confidence interval) and air humidity (80.19 ± 3.19%) in forests and the lowest in grasslands (4.36 ± 0.65%; 66.59 ± 2.53%, respectively). The warmest microhabitats were grasslands (23.23 ± 0.51°C), whereas the coolest microhabitats were forests (18.92 ± 0.41°C). The distinct microclimate of dwarf shrubs was cooler (21.46 ± 0.41°C) and moister (5.43 ± 0.53%) than the surrounding semi-desert like grassland. Furthermore, we found a different spider community composition and trait state composition of spiders in forests, edges, grasslands and dwarf shrub microhabitats. Forests (9.90 ± 0.95) and edges (11.44 ± 1.27) hosted a higher species richness than grasslands (7.08 ± 4.27) and dwarf shrubs (5.09 ± 1.33). We collected larger spiders on the edges than in dwarf shrub microhabitats. The dwarf shrubs hosted a different microclimate and spider community composition from the grassland. Climate change in the forest-steppe region is assumed to be driven by a combination of warming and drying. In the coming decades, drought frequency and severity are predicted to increase. Woody vegetation, even dwarf shrubs, creates a thermal and moisture heterogeneity that might aid arthropods in buffering macroclimatic warming through behavioural thermoregulation. Therefore, their presence on grasslands can benefit the conservation of specialised grassland arthropods.
气候变化对全世界节肢动物的生物多样性产生了负面影响。缓解由此造成的节肢动物减少是一项巨大挑战。开阔地区的矮灌木可以通过减少到达地面的太阳辐射和减弱土壤表面附近的空气流通来缓冲微气候的极端影响。森林草原是森林和草原的混合体,覆盖了欧亚大陆的广大地区。这种异质性生态系统为我们提供了研究干旱草原上小型栖息地特征(即矮小灌木)的影响以及比较迷迭香叶柳(Salix rosmarinifolia)灌木与森林斑块内部、开阔草原及其边缘动物群的机会。我们假设矮灌木小生境的小气候比开阔草地湿润凉爽,蜘蛛群落组成也与其他森林草原小生境不同。我们用数据记录仪记录了小气候参数,用 TDR 测量了土壤湿度,并用坑式陷阱收集了地栖蜘蛛。我们发现森林的土壤湿度(6.26 ± 1.21%,平均值 ± 95% 置信区间)和空气湿度(80.19 ± 3.19%)最高,草原最低(分别为 4.36 ± 0.65%;66.59 ± 2.53%)。最温暖的小生境是草原(23.23 ± 0.51°C),而最凉爽的小生境是森林(18.92 ± 0.41°C)。与周围的半荒漠草原相比,矮灌木丛的独特小气候更凉爽(21.46 ± 0.41°C)、更湿润(5.43 ± 0.53%)。此外,我们还发现森林、边缘地带、草地和矮灌木微生境中的蜘蛛群落组成和性状状态组成各不相同。森林(9.90 ± 0.95)和边缘(11.44 ± 1.27)的物种丰富度高于草原(7.08 ± 4.27)和矮灌木(5.09 ± 1.33)。与矮灌木微生境相比,我们在边缘地带采集到的蜘蛛体型更大。矮灌木的小气候和蜘蛛群落组成与草地不同。森林草原地区的气候变化被认为是由变暖和干燥共同驱动的。据预测,未来几十年干旱的频率和严重程度都将增加。木本植被,甚至是矮灌木,会产生热量和湿度异质性,这可能有助于节肢动物通过行为体温调节来缓冲宏观气候变暖。因此,它们在草原上的存在有利于保护专门的草原节肢动物。
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引用次数: 0
High nitrate and sulfate leaching in response to wetter winters in temperate beech forests 温带山毛榉林冬季较湿时的高硝酸盐和硫酸盐沥滤反应
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.004
Aron Garthen , Jan Philip Berg , Eva Ehrnsten , Marcin Klisz , Robert Weigel , Lisa Wilke , Jürgen Kreyling
Climate models project moderate to large increases in air temperature for most temperate ecosystems with an overall increase in winter precipitation and a shift from snow towards rain. We investigated the effects of increased winter rainfall on the ecosystem functioning of European beech forests at their north-eastern distribution range. In a large-scale field experiment we manipulated winter climate at nine forest sites by increasing the amount of rainfall and excluding snow. Nutrient availability in the topsoil and leaching in 50 cm depth as well as litter decomposition and radial growth of mature European beech trees were analysed. It was hypothesized that (1) wetter winters lead to increased nutrient deposition as well as leaching, with an overall increase in net nutrient availability, (2) decomposition decreases in response to water addition containing also additional nutrients and (3) primary production during the subsequent growing season increases as presumably not all additionally available nutrients would be leached. We found an increase in topsoil nitrate and sulfate availability during winter in response to rain addition, likely as a consequence of collecting more atmospheric deposition, and surprisingly high leaching rates of the additionally available nutrients. During the subsequent early growing season, no difference in nutrient availability could be observed anymore. Enhanced nutrient availability in the topsoil and leaching do not seem to have a strong short-term influence on forest ecosystem processes in ecosystems which are close to their critical load of N deposition. Decomposition rates during winter and early growing season as well as stem diameter growth during the following growing season were not influenced. This indicates that additional nutrients in the topsoil in response to wetter winters are not available for plant growth but pollute ground- and surface waters.
气候模型预测,大多数温带生态系统的气温将出现中度到大幅上升,冬季降水量将全面增加,并从降雪转向降雨。我们研究了冬季降雨量增加对欧洲山毛榉林东北分布区生态系统功能的影响。在一项大规模野外实验中,我们通过增加降雨量和排除积雪来控制九个森林地点的冬季气候。实验分析了表土中养分的可用性和 50 厘米深度的沥滤情况,以及欧洲山毛榉成熟树木的枯落物分解和径向生长情况。我们的假设是:(1) 冬天更潮湿会导致养分沉积和沥滤的增加,从而使净养分供应量总体增加;(2) 分解量会随着含有额外养分的水量的增加而减少;(3) 随后生长季节的初级生产量会增加,因为据推测,并非所有额外的可用养分都会被沥滤。我们发现,随着雨水的增加,冬季表层土壤中硝酸盐和硫酸盐的供应量有所增加,这可能是由于收集了更多的大气沉积物,而额外可用养分的沥滤率却出奇地高。在随后的早期生长季节,再也观察不到养分供应方面的差异。在接近氮沉积临界负荷的生态系统中,表层土壤养分供应的增加和沥滤似乎不会对森林生态系统过程产生强烈的短期影响。冬季和生长季初期的分解率以及下一个生长季的茎干直径增长均未受到影响。这表明,由于冬季较湿,表土中的额外养分不能用于植物生长,而是污染了地下水和地表水。
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引用次数: 0
Soil depth drives community assembly and functional traits of karst shrubland 土壤深度驱动岩溶灌木林的群落组合和功能特征
IF 3 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-09-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.09.005
Yuan Liu , Jianping Tao , Yuejun He , Lifei Yu , Lingbin Yan , Yu Du , Jinchun Liu

Unraveling the mechanisms of community assembly in different ecosystems is a central ecological issue. Soil depth, which is the predominant characteristic of karst regions, possibly affects community assembly from the regional species pool into local communities. However, the influence of karst soil depth on plant community assembly mechanisms remains unclear. We investigated the community functional traits of karst shrublands by calculating community-weighted mean (CWM) traits for leaf dry matter content (LDMC), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), leaf phosphorus content (LPC), and leaf potassium content (LKC). To explore the assembly pattern of karst shrublands, we assessed the extent of trait divergence or convergence using trait-based null model analyses. Additionally, we examined how community functional traits and assembly patterns changed with varying local soil depths. Karst shrublands were found to exhibit CWM trait combinations characterized by high LDMC and LCC, as well as low SLA, LNC, LPC, and LKC to adapting to harsh environments. Furthermore, the CWM of LDMC, LCC, LCC/LNC ratio, and LCC/LPC ratio significantly decreased, while SLA and LNC in karst shrublands significantly increased along soil depth gradients. This indicates that, as soil conditions improved, the karst shrubland community shifted from a conservative survival strategy to a resource-acquisition strategy. Overall, the convergence pattern prevailed in the karst shrubland communities for most leaf traits. As the karst soil depth increased, the traits of the shrubland communities shifted from a convergence pattern toward a neutral assembly. These results demonstrate for the first time that species were primarily assembled into karst shrubland communities through environmental filtering, while the importance of environmental filtering in the assembly process gradually weakened with increasing soil depth. Our study underlines the necessity of increasing soil quantity to allow more species from the regional species pool to enter local shrublands, thereby promoting karst community succession.

揭示不同生态系统中群落组合的机制是生态学的一个核心问题。土壤深度是喀斯特地区的主要特征,可能会影响从区域物种库到地方群落的群落组合。然而,喀斯特土壤深度对植物群落组装机制的影响仍不清楚。我们通过计算叶片干物质含量(LDMC)、比叶面积(SLA)、叶片碳含量(LCC)、叶片氮含量(LNC)、叶片磷含量(LPC)和叶片钾含量(LKC)的群落加权平均值(CWM)性状,研究了喀斯特灌木地的群落功能性状。为了探索喀斯特灌木地的组合模式,我们使用基于性状的空模型分析评估了性状的分化或趋同程度。此外,我们还研究了群落功能特征和组装模式如何随当地土壤深度的变化而变化。研究发现,岩溶灌木林表现出以高LDMC和LCC以及低SLA、LNC、LPC和LKC为特征的CWM性状组合,以适应恶劣的环境。此外,沿土壤深度梯度,喀斯特灌木林地的LDMC、LCC、LCC/LNC比值和LCC/LPC比值的CWM显著降低,而SLA和LNC显著增加。这表明,随着土壤条件的改善,岩溶灌木林群落从保守的生存策略转向资源获取策略。总体而言,在喀斯特灌木林群落中,大多数叶片特征的趋同模式占主导地位。随着喀斯特土壤深度的增加,灌木林群落的性状从趋同模式转向中性组合。这些结果首次证明,物种主要是通过环境过滤集结成喀斯特灌木林群落的,而随着土壤深度的增加,环境过滤在集结过程中的重要性逐渐减弱。我们的研究强调了增加土壤数量的必要性,以便让更多来自区域物种库的物种进入当地灌木地,从而促进岩溶群落演替。
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引用次数: 0
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Basic and Applied Ecology
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