Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献_第2页

Social-ecological relationships on biodiverse and health-promoting city soundscapes 生物多样性与促进健康的城市声景观的社会生态关系

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.007

Monika Egerer , Peter Annighöfer , Sophie Arzberger , Tobias Bahlmann , Stefanie Burger , Michaela Coenen , Andrew Fairbairn , André Fiebig , Flora Heckner , Naoka Hisada , Gisela Immich , Eleja Kraft , Niklas Meier , Sebastian T. Meyer , Maximilian Mühlbauer , Katrin Petroschkat , Birgit M. Probst , Susanne Schmitt , Gabriela Voicu , Stephan Voss , Stephan Pauleit

Urban soundscapes indicate biodiversity and environmental conditions, including urban stressors. Although relationships among soundscapes, biodiversity, and mental health effects exist, better quantification is needed to inform biodiversity-based health interventions. We present the pilot phase of the CitySoundscapes project, a transdisciplinary effort to develop methods for surveying biodiversity and human wellbeing associated with urban soundscapes. This approach involved citizens and practitioners across conservation, planning and health sectors as well as various urban contexts. In this initial one-year phase of our research, we investigated how soundscape characteristics relate to green space structural complexity, how to measure biodiversity using acoustic monitoring (here, vocal bird species), and people’s acoustic perceptions. We also piloted participatory approaches to identify where there are places of high biodiversity, high acoustic comfort and perceived restoration. Our goal was not to deliver exhaustive ecological results, but to test and combine methods from ecology, environmental psychology, and urban planning for feasibility and complementarity. We present these methods and an approach to assess relationships among sound, biodiversity and wellbeing in urban spaces of varying vegetation structure. This case study provides a perspective on how green spaces and their structural features could relate to soundscapes and acoustic comfort and restoration, as well as how green spaces offer habitat for a diversity of sound-producing organisms. This methodological and conceptual contribution offers the groundwork for ecological and inter- and transdisciplinary research. The preliminary insights can inform ecological understanding and practical strategies for healthier, more biodiverse cities.

城市声景观反映了生物多样性和环境条件，包括城市压力源。虽然声景、生物多样性和心理健康影响之间存在关系，但需要更好地量化，以便为基于生物多样性的健康干预提供信息。我们介绍了城市声景观项目的试点阶段，这是一项跨学科的努力，旨在开发与城市声景观相关的生物多样性和人类福祉的调查方法。这种方法涉及保护、规划和卫生部门以及各种城市环境的公民和从业人员。在最初为期一年的研究阶段，我们研究了声景观特征与绿地结构复杂性的关系，如何利用声学监测（这里是发声鸟类物种）来测量生物多样性，以及人们的声学感知。我们还试点了参与式方法，以确定哪里有高生物多样性，高声学舒适性和感知恢复的地方。我们的目标不是提供详尽的生态结果，而是测试和结合生态学，环境心理学和城市规划的方法的可行性和互补性。我们提出了这些方法和方法来评估不同植被结构的城市空间中声音、生物多样性和福祉之间的关系。本案例研究提供了绿色空间及其结构特征如何与声景观、声舒适和声修复相关的视角，以及绿色空间如何为多种发声生物提供栖息地。这种方法和概念上的贡献为生态学和跨学科研究提供了基础。初步的见解可以为更健康、更生物多样性的城市的生态理解和实践策略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

From the southeast Qinghai-Tibetan plateau to south China: Climate-proofing globally important landscapes for Galliformes protection 从青藏高原东南部到华南：全球重要的伞形目保护景观

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.006

Hongyan Yao , Philip J.K. McGowan , Nan Wang , Pengcheng Wang , Yang Liu , Jiliang Xu , Zhengwang Zhang

The world faces unprecedented species declines. The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF) adopted in 2022 outlines long-term goals to reduce extinction risk by 2050 and sets interim targets for 2030 to halt and reverse biodiversity loss. China, hosting a large number of species on its national Red List (1,050 vertebrate species) and the global threatened species on IUCN Red List (1,822), is critical to achieving KMGBF Goal A. To effectively reduce extinction risk for China’s species, prioritizing key landscapes and conservation gaps in existing protected areas (PAs) is critical for species diversity and ecosystem integrity under climate change, while safeguarding functional and phylogenetic diversity essential for ecosystem stability and evolutionary history. Focusing on Galliformes — a culturally and ecologically significant group — we assessed conservation priorities for 23 threatened and endemic species. We analyzed taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity across 50 km × 50 km grids, identified key landscapes, and evaluated PAs coverage under current and future climate change by their overlap with National Nature Reserves (NNRs). Our findings reveal that only ∼6 % of areas hosting threatened and endemic Galliformes diversity are currently covered by NNRs, with the most biodiverse regions receiving coverages of 5.82 %, 6.11 %, and 3.63 % for different diversity indexes. Climate change projections indicate a potential range shift towards higher elevations for these species. Key landscapes are concentrated in southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinling, Wuling, Nanling-Wuyi mountain ranges, Taiwan, and Hainan. Alarmingly, less than 10 % of current and future priority landscapes are protected, highlighting substantial opportunities for PA network expansion in China. Integrating functional and phylogenetic diversity with taxonomic diversity is essential to safeguard ecosystem resilience and evolutionary history. This study provides critical insights for broader conservation strategies, which will contribute to global efforts to achieve the goals and targets of the KMGBF.

世界面临着前所未有的物种减少。2022年通过的《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》（KMGBF）概述了到2050年减少物种灭绝风险的长期目标，并设定了到2030年停止和扭转生物多样性丧失的中期目标。中国拥有大量被列入国家红色名录的物种（1050种脊椎动物）和被列入世界自然保护联盟红色名录的全球濒危物种（1822种），这对实现KMGBF目标至关重要。为了有效降低中国物种的灭绝风险，对现有保护区的重点景观和保护缺口进行优先排序对气候变化下的物种多样性和生态系统完整性至关重要。同时保护生态系统稳定和进化历史所必需的功能和系统发育多样性。我们以具有重要文化和生态意义的加利formes为重点，评估了23种濒危和特有物种的保护重点。我们分析了50 km × 50 km栅格的分类、功能和系统发育多样性，确定了关键景观，并通过它们与国家级自然保护区（NNRs）的重叠程度评估了当前和未来气候变化下保护区的覆盖范围。我们的研究结果表明，目前只有~ 6%的受威胁和特有镓形虫多样性的地区被NNRs覆盖，大多数生物多样性区域的覆盖率分别为5.82%、6.11%和3.63%。气候变化预测表明，这些物种的生存范围可能向高海拔地区转移。重点景观集中在青藏高原东南部、秦岭、武陵、南岭-武夷山、台湾和海南。令人担忧的是，只有不到10%的当前和未来的优先景观得到保护，这凸显了中国PA网络扩展的巨大机遇。将功能和系统发育多样性与分类多样性结合起来，对保护生态系统的恢复力和进化历史至关重要。这项研究为更广泛的保护策略提供了重要的见解，这将有助于全球努力实现KMGBF的目标和目标。

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引用次数: 0

The importance of residential vegetation cover for urban birds – linking biodiversity thresholds to standards for human well-being 住宅植被覆盖对城市鸟类的重要性——将生物多样性阈值与人类福祉标准联系起来

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.005

Cynthia Tobisch, Elisa Fuchs, Christoph Moning

The increasing urbanization of landscapes raises the need to understand and optimize the role of urban green spaces in protecting both human well-being and biodiversity. However, green space requirements for supporting diverse faunal groups, such as birds, have not been linked to existing human-centric guidelines. While the evidence for the potential of residential areas in promoting avian diversity through local vegetation structures increases, the relative importance of these habitats compared to larger green spaces in the surroundings is unclear. We sampled 90 residential blocks within the city of Munich, Germany, in order to investigate the role of local vegetation cover and proximity to green spaces for avian diversity and abundance. The blocks were stratified along orthogonal gradients of vegetation cover and distance to green spaces, allowing for the assessment of the independent effects of these variables. Results of linear mixed effect models showed strong effects of total vegetation cover on both abundance and diversity of birds, while the distance to green spaces had no significant effects. Using Hill numbers as diversity measures revealed that the influence of large trees was strongest for rare species, but became insignificant when focusing on abundant species. Threshold values derived from conditional inference trees indicated significant increases in bird diversity when total vegetation cover exceeded 20–40 % and lower vegetation exceeded 11 %. Considering existing standards on green space accessibility for human health and climate regulation, we show that providing at least 10–20 % vegetation cover within residential blocks can significantly benefit both biodiversity and human well-being. Our results advance fundamental understanding of how local vegetation structure shapes avian species diversity in urban landscapes, while also offering applied guidance for biodiversity-friendly planning. Together, they highlight the potential of urban planning to create multifunctional green areas that integrate ecological and societal needs.

景观日益城市化，需要理解和优化城市绿地在保护人类福祉和生物多样性方面的作用。然而，支持多种动物群体（如鸟类）的绿色空间需求并没有与现有的以人为中心的指导方针联系起来。虽然越来越多的证据表明，居住区通过当地植被结构促进鸟类多样性的潜力，但与周围更大的绿地相比，这些栖息地的相对重要性尚不清楚。我们选取了德国慕尼黑市内的90个住宅街区作为样本，以调查当地植被覆盖和邻近绿地对鸟类多样性和丰度的影响。这些地块沿着植被覆盖和绿地距离的正交梯度分层，以便评估这些变量的独立影响。线性混合效应模型结果表明，植被覆盖度对鸟类的丰度和多样性均有较强的影响，而与绿地的距离对鸟类的丰度和多样性影响不显著。利用Hill数作为多样性指标，发现大树对稀有树种的影响最大，对丰富树种的影响不显著。条件推断树的阈值表明，当总植被覆盖度超过20 - 40%，低植被覆盖度超过11%时，鸟类多样性显著增加。考虑到人类健康和气候调节的绿色空间可达性的现有标准，我们表明，在住宅街区内提供至少10 - 20%的植被覆盖率可以显著地有益于生物多样性和人类福祉。我们的研究结果促进了对当地植被结构如何影响城市景观中鸟类物种多样性的基本理解，同时也为生物多样性友好型规划提供了应用指导。总之，它们突出了城市规划的潜力，即创建集生态和社会需求于一体的多功能绿地。

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引用次数: 0

Native plant communities designed for infiltration swales can tolerate urban heat, flooding, and pollution 为渗水水沟设计的原生植物群落可以忍受城市的高温、洪水和污染

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.003

Nadja K. Berger , Johannes Kollmann , Leonardo H. Teixeira

Under global change urban environments need to become resilient to sustainably provide liveable conditions. With growing cities and limited space, the design of Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) must provide multiple ecosystem services, including microclimate regulation, aesthetic enhancement, biodiversity support, and stormwater management. Infiltration swales are a UGI type designed to manage stormwater by reducing peak runoff, increasing infiltration, and retaining pollutants. Little is known about the respective plant communities that must cope with multiple stressors, including urban heat, periodic flooding, and contamination from surface runoff. Thus, we designed a gradient of seven seed mixtures, each composed of different proportions of 20 species in total, representing a gradient from mesic to wet grasslands. The resulting communities were exposed to heat, flooding, and contamination in a factorial design in a walk-in ecotron for twelve weeks. Total biomass of the established communities increased for higher proportions of mesic species in the seed mix and under flooding. When analysing functional groups, the effect was driven by the mesic legume Lotus corniculatus and partially by the wet grassland legume Tetragonolobus maritimus. Non-legume forbs and grasses had a low proportion of total biomass, while forbs responded positively to heating, and the ratio between functional groups was more even in wet grassland communities. Few functional differences were seen among species, but SLA showed higher plasticity in T. maritimus than in L. corniculatus. Growth rates of individual plants were higher in communities dominated by wet grassland species, while mesic communities produced more total biomass. This might be beneficial to ecosystem services like microclimate regulation. The results indicate that all tested communities tolerated the urban stressors in their first growing season and thus could replace current species-poor grass seed mixes in infiltration swales. Still, long-term studies are needed to validate these results for more mature communities.

在全球变化的背景下，城市环境需要变得有弹性，以可持续地提供宜居条件。随着城市的发展和空间的限制，城市绿色基础设施（UGI）的设计必须提供多种生态系统服务，包括小气候调节、审美增强、生物多样性支持和雨水管理。入渗沟是一种UGI类型，旨在通过减少峰值径流、增加入渗和保留污染物来管理雨水。人们对各自的植物群落知之甚少，它们必须应对多种压力，包括城市高温、周期性洪水和地表径流污染。因此，我们设计了7个种子混合物的梯度，每个种子混合物由20个物种的不同比例组成，代表了从mesic到湿草地的梯度。在一个步入式生态环境中，以因子设计的方法将这些群落暴露在高温、洪水和污染中12周。由于种子混合和洪涝条件下中杂种比例较高，已建立群落的总生物量增加。在官能团分析中，这一效应主要受近缘豆科植物莲花（Lotus corniculatus）的驱动，部分受湿草地豆科植物四海四角（Tetragonolobus maritimus）的驱动。非豆科牧草和非豆科牧草在总生物量中所占比例较低，而在湿草地群落中，牧草对加热有积极的响应，各功能群之间的比例更为均匀。不同种间的功能差异不大，但海棠的SLA具有较高的可塑性。以湿草地物种为主的群落的单株生长速率较高，而中植群落的总生物量较高。这可能有利于生态系统服务，如小气候调节。结果表明，所有被试群落在其第一个生长季节都能耐受城市压力源，因此可以取代目前在渗透沟中物种贫乏的草种混合物。然而，需要长期研究来验证这些结果是否适用于更成熟的社区。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling Spatio-temporal genetic connectivity of loggerhead sea turtles across the North Atlantic 揭示北大西洋红海龟的时空遗传连通性

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.004

Françoise D. Lima , Catalina Monzón-Argüello , Hugo Parra , Marco Santos , Andrea Herguedas , João Lagoa , Nuria Varo-Cruz , Thomas Dellinger , Brian Shamblin , Karen Bjorndal , Simona A. Ceriani , Yasmina Rodríguez , Vidal Martín , Manuel Carrillo , Frederic Vandeperre

The life cycle of North Atlantic loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) involves an oceanic juvenile dispersal stage and migration to foraging habitats in the Eastern North Atlantic, where juveniles from multiple nesting populations aggregate in a mixed stock. This study examined temporal shifts in the genetic composition and stock contributions of loggerhead sea turtles at these oceanic foraging grounds by analyzing the mtDNA control region fragment from sea turtles sampled between 2010 and 2018, alongside historical data (1990–2004). Mixed stock analyses revealed that the Central East and Southeast Florida management units (MUs) remain key contributors to juvenile aggregations in Azores and Madeira, while the Cape Verde rookery is one of the main source for juveniles in the Canary Islands. Temporal comparisons indicated a decline in the proportion of contributions from Florida rookeries and an increase from Mexico and Cape Verde, likely reflecting nesting population declines in Florida (between 2009 and 2012) and rising nest numbers in Mexico and Cape Verde. Significant temporal genetic structure was detected, especially in the Canary Islands. These findings highlight dynamic shifts in juvenile stock composition driven mainly by fluctuations in size of nesting populations. The study underscores the critical need for long-term genetic monitoring of both nesting and developmental habitats to inform targeted conservation strategies. Understanding temporal and spatial connectivity patterns is essential to safeguarding this migratory species, particularly in the face of ongoing anthropogenic threats and global environmental change.

北大西洋红海龟（Caretta Caretta）的生命周期包括一个海洋幼龟分散阶段和迁徙到北大西洋东部的觅食栖息地，在那里，来自多个筑巢种群的幼龟聚集在一个混合种群中。本研究通过分析2010年至2018年取样的海龟mtDNA控制区片段以及历史数据（1990年至2004年），研究了红海龟在这些海洋觅食地的遗传组成和种群贡献的时间变化。混合种群分析显示，佛罗里达中部东部和东南部管理单元（MUs）仍然是亚速尔群岛和马德拉群岛幼鱼聚集的主要贡献者，而佛得角的繁殖地是加那利群岛幼鱼的主要来源之一。时间比较表明，来自佛罗里达的繁殖地的贡献比例下降，而来自墨西哥和佛得角的贡献比例上升，这可能反映了2009年至2012年间佛罗里达州的筑巢数量下降，而墨西哥和佛得角的筑巢数量上升。发现了显著的时间遗传结构，特别是在加那利群岛。这些发现强调了幼鱼种群组成的动态变化主要是由筑巢种群大小的波动驱动的。这项研究强调了对筑巢和发育栖息地进行长期遗传监测的迫切需要，以便为有针对性的保护策略提供信息。了解时间和空间连接模式对于保护这一迁徙物种至关重要，特别是在面临持续的人为威胁和全球环境变化的情况下。

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引用次数: 0

Differential responses of soil micro-food web components to global change factors: A meta-analysis 土壤微食物网组分对全球变化因子的差异响应：meta分析

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.002

Huiting Zhou , Wanglin Zhuang , Zhaoji Shi , Ziqiang Liu , Hui Wei , Jiaen Zhang

The soil micro-food web, comprising bacteria, fungi, and nematodes, is fundamental to ecosystem functioning, yet its responses to global change are complex and poorly synthesized. Based on a meta-analysis of 99 published studies, we evaluated the effects of four major stressor categories—soil contamination, climate change, atmospheric pollution, and biological invasions—on this network. Our results demonstrate that global change stressors influence the soil micro-food web through three distinct pathways: resource availability, environmental stress, and biotic interactions. Noteworthy findings include severe suppression of the nematode community under heavy metal exposure (-76.01 % in total abundance) and drought (-41.09 %), while significant increase under acid rain (41.75 %) and nitrogen (N) deposition (21.96 %). A key mechanism identified is that a change in microbial biomass needs to reach a critical level to alter the abundance of nematode trophic groups. These responses were further modulated by environmental context; mean annual precipitation (MAP) supported fungal channel resilience, whereas mean annual temperature (MAT) shaped bacterial channel vulnerability. Soil acidification was identified as a master variable driving community restructuring. By validating this tripartite pathway framework, our study offers a mechanistic basis for predicting soil ecosystem responses to global change and underscores that nematodes act not merely as passive indicators, but as active regulators and integrators of ecosystem stress.

由细菌、真菌和线虫组成的土壤微食物网是生态系统功能的基础，但其对全球变化的响应复杂且不完整。基于99项已发表研究的荟萃分析，我们评估了土壤污染、气候变化、大气污染和生物入侵这四种主要压力源对该网络的影响。我们的研究结果表明，全球变化压力源通过三种不同的途径影响土壤微食物网：资源可用性、环境压力和生物相互作用。值得注意的是，重金属暴露（总丰度- 76.01%）和干旱（总丰度- 41.09%）严重抑制线虫群落，而酸雨（总丰度41.75%）和氮沉降（总丰度21.96%）显著增加线虫群落。确定的一个关键机制是，微生物生物量的变化需要达到一个临界水平才能改变线虫营养群的丰度。这些反应受到环境背景的进一步调节；年平均降水量（MAP）支持真菌通道的恢复力，而年平均气温（MAT）则影响细菌通道的脆弱性。土壤酸化被确定为驱动群落重构的主变量。通过验证这一三方通路框架，我们的研究为预测土壤生态系统对全球变化的响应提供了机制基础，并强调线虫不仅仅是被动的指标，而是生态系统压力的主动调节和整合者。

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引用次数: 0

Strong genetic differentiation of Pedicularis palustris supports local seed sourcing in wetland restoration 古马先蒿（Pedicularis palustris）具有很强的遗传分化能力，为湿地恢复的本地种子来源提供了支持

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.12.001

Eva Mikulášková, Jakub Šmerda, Petra Šarhanová, Michal Hájek, Petra Hájková, Michal Horsák, Tomáš Peterka, Martina Omelková, Veronika Horsáková

Pedicularis palustris, a hemiparasitic plant, can act as an ecosystem engineer by suppressing dominant vegetation and facilitating fen restoration. As fen deterioration continues due to human activities and climate change, conservation interest in this species is increasing. In temperate Europe, where P. palustris is endangered and regionally fragmented, concerns are rising over future commercial cultivation and uncontrolled seed transfer. In this study, we used Restriction Site Associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to assess the genetic structure and differentiation of 18 P. palustris populations across four regions in temperate Europe, and to provide guidance for seed sourcing in restoration practice. In the spatial autocorrelation analysis, populations within approximately 30 km showed the highest genetic similarity, followed by a steep decline up to about 50 km, suggesting limited gene flow beyond this range. Weak but significant positive autocorrelation persisted up to about 240 km, indicating regional-scale lineage cohesion. Bayesian clustering and Neighbor-Net analyses supported the existence of distinct regional gene pools, while also revealing the genetic uniqueness of certain populations. At the broadest scale, genetic affinities did not follow geographic distance, as the Alpine populations clustered with those from the Bohemian Massif, whereas the Western Carpathian populations clustered with those from the Baltic region. Our results demonstrate strong genetic differentiation both within and among regions, and suggest that meaningful provenance of P. palustris extends only over several tens of kilometres. For restoration, we recommend prioritising local seed sources whenever possible. Seed transfers from populations within approximately 30 km can be considered, although further experimental work is needed to confirm this threshold. Where local seed sources are unavailable, seed transfer should remain confined within the same phytogeographical region, with strict avoidance of translocation between the Carpathian and Hercynian units. Uncontrolled translocation or the use of commercial seeds of unknown origin should be avoided.

古马先蒿（Pedicularis palustris）是一种半寄生植物，可以抑制优势植被，促进沼泽恢复，起到生态系统工程师的作用。随着人类活动和气候变化导致沼泽退化，对该物种的保护兴趣日益增加。在温带的欧洲，古蕨濒临灭绝且区域分散，人们对未来的商业种植和不受控制的种子转移越来越关注。本研究利用限制性内切位点相关DNA测序（RAD-seq）技术，对欧洲温带4个地区18个古紫杉树居群的遗传结构和分化进行了分析，为恢复实践中的种子来源提供指导。在空间自相关分析中，30 km以内的群体遗传相似性最高，50 km以内的群体遗传相似性急剧下降，表明该范围外的基因流动有限。弱但显著的正自相关持续到240 km左右，表明了区域尺度的谱系凝聚力。贝叶斯聚类和Neighbor-Net分析支持不同区域基因库的存在，同时也揭示了某些种群的遗传独特性。在最广泛的范围内，遗传亲缘关系不随地理距离而变化，因为高山种群与来自波西米亚山脉的种群聚集在一起，而西喀尔巴阡山脉种群与来自波罗的海地区的种群聚集在一起。我们的研究结果表明，在区域内和区域之间存在很强的遗传分化，并表明有意义的palustris种源只延伸了几十公里。对于恢复，我们建议尽可能优先考虑当地的种子来源。可以考虑来自大约30公里范围内种群的种子转移，尽管需要进一步的实验工作来确认这一阈值。在没有当地种子来源的情况下，种子转移应限制在同一植物地理区域内，严格避免喀尔巴阡山脉和海西山脉之间的转移。应避免不受控制的易位或使用来源不明的商业种子。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the vitality of Norway maple trees in an urban setting near streets within pits and strips using morphological and ecophysiological methods 利用形态学和生态生理学方法评估挪威枫树在城市环境中靠近街道的活力

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.003

Tamalika Chakraborty , Diana Kramer , Ferdinand Betting , Somidh Saha

Climate change-related stressors are leading to early tree deaths in cities worldwide, often before they reach their expected sizes. This study assessed the health of Norway maples (Acer platanoides L.), the most common urban tree in central Europe, in Karlsruhe, Germany. We combined observational and experimental methods at several street sites, comparing tree vitality in different site types (pits vs. strips) near streets. We also explored how various biotic and abiotic factors impacted tree health. During the 2022 growing season, we collected data on morphology, eco-physiology, and environmental conditions from 235 randomly chosen trees across two site types. For each tree, we calculated leaf area index (LAI), building index (reflecting neighboring building competition), and Hegyi’s competition index (indicating competition from nearby trees). Using generalized linear models and linear mixed-effects models, we analyzed the influence of factors such as pit vs. strip location, crown height, distance to roads, light exposure, vegetation cover, competition indices, crown volume, pruning, and others on traits including leaf area, crown projection, crown openness, crown loss, dieback, discoloration, sun scald, epicormic shoots, stomatal conductance, and electron transport rate. Trees in strips had, on average, five times more open surface area than those in pits. Site types (pits vs. strips) had a statistically significant impact on variables such as crown dieback, discoloration, and sun scald. Dieback, leaf discoloration, and crown openness were notably higher in pits. Neighborhood tree competition reduced crown projection and density, increased crown loss, and prevented sun scalding. Vegetation cover reduced crown loss and stomatal conductance. High light exposure negatively impacted most measured variables. Overall, the study highlights the need for a comprehensive arboricultural approach to understand and manage urban trees. It seeks to balance canopy size and density to optimize cooling and shading benefits while maintaining tree health.

与气候变化相关的压力因素正在导致世界各地城市的树木过早死亡，通常在它们达到预期的大小之前。本研究评估了挪威枫（Acer platanoides L.）的健康状况，挪威枫是中欧最常见的城市树木，在德国卡尔斯鲁厄。我们将观察和实验方法结合在几个街道站点上，比较了街道附近不同站点类型（坑状和带状）的树木活力。我们还探讨了各种生物和非生物因素如何影响树木的健康。在2022年的生长季节，我们收集了两种站点类型中235棵随机选择的树木的形态学、生态生理学和环境条件数据。对于每棵树，我们计算叶面积指数（LAI）、建筑指数（反映邻近建筑的竞争）和鹤夷的竞争指数（表明来自附近树木的竞争）。利用广义线性模型和线性混合效应模型，分析了坑与条位置、树冠高度、与道路的距离、光照、植被覆盖、竞争指数、树冠体积、修剪等因素对叶面积、树冠投影、树冠开度、树冠损失、枯死、变色、日晒、外生芽、气孔导度和电子传输速率的影响。条形树木的平均开放面积是坑形树木的5倍。地点类型（坑状vs条状）对诸如树冠枯死、变色和晒伤等变量有统计学上显著的影响。枯死、叶片变色和树冠开度在坑内明显较高。邻近树木的竞争降低了树冠投影和密度，增加了树冠损失，防止了日晒。植被覆盖降低了树冠损失和气孔导度。高光暴露对大多数测量变量产生负面影响。总体而言，该研究强调需要一种全面的树木学方法来理解和管理城市树木。它寻求平衡树冠的大小和密度，以优化冷却和遮阳的好处，同时保持树木的健康。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of grassland management on ground beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) assemblages and availability as prey for farmland birds 草地管理对地面甲虫（鞘翅目：步甲科）数量和作为农田鸟类猎物的有效性的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.006

Anne Pieter Jansma , Henry Kuipers , Jeroen Breidenbach , Nyncke Hoekstra , Nick van Eekeren , Hans de Kroon , Astrid Manhoudt

Ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) are an abundant surface-active arthropod family in agricultural systems, serving as an important food source for several insectivorous farmland birds in the breeding season. This study compares ground beetle assemblages, from the perspective as food source for farmland birds, in intensively managed (IM) and extensively managed (EM) grasslands. Ground beetles were sampled over two years (2017, 2019) using pitfall traps in ten intensively managed and ten extensively managed grasslands across five farms in the clay-peat district of Friesland, the Netherlands. We investigated the effect of management type on ground beetle assemblages and examined differences in species traits body length (<4 mm; 4–8 mm; 8–12 mm and >12 mm) and diel activity (nocturnal, diurnal). Ground beetle numbers were higher in IM fields, but there were pronounced differences between IM and EM grasslands regarding body size and diel activity. Diurnal ground beetles sized 4–12 mm were more abundant and species-rich in EM fields, while large nocturnal ground beetles (>12 mm) were more numerous in IM grasslands. IM grasslands were dominated by a few large-bodied species (e.g. Pterostichus melanarius), whereas EM grasslands supported a more diverse community. We conclude that extensively managed AES grasslands support a more diverse ground beetle assemblage, with a higher abundance of ground beetles within the optimal prey size range (4–12 mm) and activity period for most farmland birds. This potentially improves ground beetle availability as prey item for farmland birds during the breeding season. Our study provides empirical support for policies such as AES that provide financial incentives for biodiversity-friendly extensive farmland management.

地甲虫（鞘翅目：步甲科）是农业系统中丰富的地表活动节肢动物科，在繁殖季节是几种食虫农田鸟类的重要食物来源。本研究从集约管理（IM）和广泛管理（EM）草地作为农田鸟类食物来源的角度比较了地面甲虫组合。在两年（2017年和2019年）的时间里，在荷兰弗里斯兰泥炭区五个农场的十个集约化管理和十个广泛管理的草原上，使用陷阱对地面甲虫进行了取样。研究了不同管理方式对地面甲虫群落的影响，并分析了物种性状、体长（4毫米、4 - 8毫米、8-12毫米和12毫米）和昼夜活动（夜间、日间）的差异。禾场地甲虫数量较高，但禾场地甲虫的体型和活力在禾场地甲虫与禾场地甲虫之间存在显著差异。4 ~ 12 mm大小的昼行性地甲虫在EM地区数量较多，种类也较多，而12 mm大小的大型夜行性地甲虫在EM地区数量较多。IM草地以少数大型物种（如黑斑翼虎）为主，EM草地则支持更多样化的群落。我们得出结论，广泛管理的AES草地支持更多样化的地面甲虫组合，在大多数农田鸟类的最佳猎物大小范围（4-12 mm）和活动时间内，地面甲虫的丰度更高。这可能会提高地面甲虫在繁殖季节作为农田鸟类猎物的可用性。我们的研究为AES等政策提供了实证支持，这些政策为生物多样性友好型粗放型农田管理提供了财政激励。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of landscape variables and weather conditions on the seasonal arrival and population abundance of the green peach aphid Myzus persicae in sugar beet 景观变量和气候条件对甜菜绿桃蚜季节到达及种群丰度的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.005

Nicolas Rojas-Preciado , André Wauters , Bart Lievens , Hans Jacquemyn

Understanding the ecological drivers of plant diseases and insect pests is essential for developing sustainable management strategies as chemical control options become increasingly limited. In European sugar beet production, the 2018 ban on neonicotinoids has led to a resurgence of viral yellowing, mainly vectored by the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae). Yield losses of up to 50% underscore the urgent need to understand the environmental factors shaping M. persicae dynamics to improve aphid vector forecasting and virus management. We collected aphid count data over three consecutive growing seasons from more than 100 fields across Belgium (Europe). A comprehensive modeling approach was used to identify key landscape, weather, and local factors influencing the arrival and abundance of alate and apterous M. persicae. To evaluate scale effects, analyses were performed at three spatial scales (300 m, 500 m, 1 km). Landscape factors did not show detectable effects on the arrival timing of alate or apterous M. persicae. In contrast, warmer winters and earlier sowing dates were associated with earlier aphid arrival and higher aphid abundance. The area of semi-natural herbaceous habitat had a positive effect on the abundance of both alate and apterous M. persicae. While this effect was mainly observed for the alate morphotype at the 500 m scale, it had a similar effect across all spatial scales for the apterous morph. The edge density of semi-natural woody habitat and urbanization area favored the abundance of alate and apterous M. persicae in a scale-dependent manner, respectively. Although the effect was limited, increasing arable land area reduced alate M. persicae abundance while increasing apterous abundance. These insights can help predict aphid arrival and abundance in sugar beet and support decisions on field selection, sowing time, and better management strategies to reduce aphid outbreaks and virus transmission.

了解植物病虫害的生态驱动因素对于制定可持续管理战略至关重要，因为化学控制选择越来越有限。在欧洲甜菜生产中，2018年新烟碱类杀虫剂的禁令导致了病毒发黄的死灰复燃，主要由绿桃蚜虫（Myzus persicae）传播。高达50%的产量损失强调了迫切需要了解影响桃蚜动态的环境因素，以改进蚜虫媒介预测和病毒管理。我们收集了比利时（欧洲）100多块田地连续三个生长季节的蚜虫数量数据。采用综合建模方法，确定了影响叶果和叶果桃到达和丰度的主要景观、天气和当地因素。为了评估尺度效应，在三个空间尺度（300米、500米和1公里）上进行了分析。景观因素没有显示出可检测的影响，对残叶桃的到达时间。相比之下，温暖的冬季和较早的播种日期与蚜虫早到达和较高的蚜虫丰度有关。半天然草本生境面积对果酸型和无叶型桃蚜的丰度均有正向影响。这种效应主要发生在500 m尺度的翅状形态上，而在所有空间尺度上，翅状形态都具有类似的效应。半自然木本生境的边缘密度和城市化地区的边缘密度分别以尺度依赖的方式倾向于直立型和直立型桃蚜。虽然影响有限，但耕地面积的增加降低了桃蚜的表观丰度，增加了桃蚜的表观丰度。这些见解可以帮助预测甜菜中蚜虫的到来和数量，并支持田间选择、播种时间和更好的管理策略的决策，以减少蚜虫爆发和病毒传播。

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引用次数: 0