Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献

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Shrub anti-herbivore defenses exhibit non-linear and varied responses to increased herbivore density

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.006

Justin P. Young , Timothy E. Fulbright , Charles A. DeYoung , David G. Hewitt , David B. Wester , Don A. Draeger

Plants may produce induced defenses such as longer thorns or secondary compounds to cope with higher levels of herbivory. However, it is unclear if physical and chemical plant defenses increase incrementally along a gradient of herbivore densities. We hypothesized that physical and chemical anti-herbivore defenses in selected shrubs increase with increasing herbivore density. We tested our hypothesis using four 0.81 km² paddocks on each of two ranches in southern Texas, USA, that were fenced to exclude ingress and egress by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Target densities of deer on each ranch were 0 (control), 25, 49, and 74 deer/km². Pelleted feed was provided ad libitum in each paddock. In July 2014, we selected ten plants of blackbrush acacia (Vachellia rigidula), twisted acacia (Vachellia schaffneri), and spiny hackberry (Celtis ehrenbergiana) in each of the four research paddocks on each ranch. We marked stems on each plant and recorded length of the main stem, lateral stems, and thorns during July 2014–2016. We collected leaf and stem samples from 20 plants of each of the three browse species during July and October 2014 and 2015 for analysis of crude protein and tannins. Branch density of blackbrush acacia was 38 % (25 deer/km²) to 123 % (49 deer/km²) greater in deer density treatments and thorn density of blackbrush acacia was 27 % greater in treatments with 74 deer/km² than in control treatments. Spiny hackberry branch density was 2.5 times greater in treatments with 49 deer/km² than in control treatments. Induction of plant antiherbivore defenses with increasing deer density occurred primarily in blackbrush acacia. A key finding is that induced physical and chemical defenses in shrubs can respond to increasing herbivore density in a non-linear fashion and the combination of defense strategies can vary depending on herbivore density.

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引用次数: 0

Apparent survival and population turnover in a long-lived generalist raptor: A comparison of estimation methods

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.11.007

Ülo Väli, Freddy Rohtla

Adult survival and turnover rates are often estimated in long-lived species as the primary drivers of population dynamics. Various methods have been used, yet comparison of estimation methods is seldom undertaken. To address this gap, we used colour-ringing across different age groups, as well as GPS-tracking and genetic analysis of shed feathers, to estimate these critical parameters in a population of a medium-sized bird of prey, the Lesser Spotted Eagle. According to the colour-ringing data, the apparent survival during the first year of life (0.21) was more than four times lower than that of birds older than one year (0.88); the GPS-tracking (0.84) and genetic analysis (0.81) yielded similar survival estimates. However, population turnover rates derived from genetic feather analysis (0.17–0.43) exceeded expectations based on apparent survival estimates, as well as those derived from colour-rings (0.05–0.17) and GPS-tracking (0.05–0.08). Notably, all markers indicated high site fidelity among adult eagles, with breeding dispersal events being infrequent. Our findings underscore the utility of various methods for estimating apparent survival, though the ecological characteristics of the species may influence the efficacy of each method. However, estimates of population turnover rates were notably influenced by the choice of method and should be interpreted cautiously before recommending management actions.

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引用次数: 0

The global conservation status of plants growing on cliffs and rocky outcrops

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.11.002

Ben Nyberg , Seana K. Walsh , Nina Rønsted

Ecosystems that occur on cliffs and rocky outcrops are home to many plants that are specially adapted to harsh environmental conditions. These habitats are seeing increased pressure from development, recreational use, and invasive species, calling for a thorough evaluation of the endangerment of the taxa inhabiting them. However, the conservation status of these taxa is not well understood preventing effective conservation prioritization and action. In this study, we examine the conservation status of vascular plant taxa associated with these ecosystems, using the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species assessments, and compare these to their taxonomic status (families and genera) and range (realm, country, occupancy). We have assembled data highlighting regions where cliff and rocky outcrop taxa most frequently occur (Madagascar, Brazil, Spain) and found that plants growing in these habitats may be more endangered than expected given global plant endangerment, however, risk patterns do vary. Certain groups find refuge in cliffs or rocky outcrops environments (Euphorbiaceae, 18% less endangered), while others may be facing increased risk (Cactaceae, 19% more endangered). We have also found that taxa occurring in habitats with low mean elevation or narrow elevational ranges are more endangered. To assist future research, we have developed a dashboard summarizing available data that also allows for interactive analyses based on user-defined goals. We see the need for additional research on cliff and rocky outcrop plants to enhance the Red List assessment process and support overall plant conservation efforts.

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引用次数: 0

Flower-rich road verges increase abundance of flower visitors in the surrounding landscape

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.004

Svenja Horstmann , Lina Herbertsson , Björn K. Klatt , Alistair G. Auffret , Erik Öckinger

Flower-visiting insects and the plants that depend on them are declining due to habitat loss and deterioration. Road verges, which often provide abundant floral resources, are gaining attention for their potential conservation value, as they can support a high abundance and diversity of flower-visiting insects. Thereby, flower-abundant road verges may benefit pollination in surrounding landscapes. However, the potential negative effect of traffic on this benefit remains unexplored. We addressed the research gap using potted wild strawberry plants (Fragaria vesca, variety ‘Rügen’), placed at 20 m and 80–100 m distance from road verges along roads with varying traffic intensity (around 100–5500 vehicles per day). We found that floral abundance in road verges enhanced the number of flower visitors to strawberry plants in nearby areas, regardless of the distance to the road verge. However, this positive effect was restricted by increasing traffic intensity and narrower road verge width. Despite similar numbers of flower visitors at both distances, the pollination success, measured as the number of developed achenes on each harvested strawberry, tended to be lower closer to the road verge than further away but was unrelated to flower density, traffic intensity and road verge width, which indicates potential differences in pollinator behaviour or in the pollen they carried. Our findings highlight the potential of flower-rich road verges to support the conservation of flower-visiting insects. However, we emphasise the need to consider road verge width and traffic intensity to ensure successful pollinator-friendly management.

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引用次数: 0

Nature-based solutions to increase sustainability and resilience of vineyard-dominated landscapes

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.005

Adrien Rusch

Vineyards are highly intensive systems very often located in biodiversity hotspots at the global scale. These ecosystems are now facing major environmental, agronomical and economic issues that challenge their sustainability. Based on multiple evidence, I illustrate here how biodiversity and several nature-based solutions across scales, from manipulating within-field plant communities to landscape-scale diversification, can provide benefits related to key societal challenges that vineyard socio-ecosystems are facing. These findings support the idea that biodiversity and ecosystem services play a key role in the functioning of these landscapes and that nature-based solutions offer a sustainable pathway for the future of vineyard agroecosystems. This literature review also highlights several gaps of knowledge that define a research agenda for nature-based solutions to strengthen multifunctionality of vineyard landscapes.

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Understanding ground-nesting habitat selection by waterbirds to prioritize invasive predator control on islands” [Basic and Applied Ecology Volume 78, August 2024, Pages 14-22]

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.001

Valeria Gómez-Silva , Ramiro D. Crego , Fabian M. Jaksic , Gabriela Flores-Benner , Elke Schüttler

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Drought response and urban-pollinator attractiveness of ornamental plant species” [Basic and Applied Ecology Volume 78, August 2024, Pages 1–13]

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.002

Margaux Quinanzoni, David Marcolet, Alice Michelot-Antalik

引用次数: 0

Positive association between foliar silicon and extrafloral nectar in Vicia faba with application of methyl jasmonate

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.11.005

Chelsea Megan Gowton , Dennis Chiu , Isaac John Peetoom Heida , Juli Carrillo

Plants have evolved direct and indirect defences against herbivores, which may come at a cost to other plant functions. Many plants can uptake and deposit large amounts of silicon within plant tissue, creating structures which can reduce herbivore performance. Silicon uptake can increase plant defenses against herbivores, but it has also been shown to trade-off with defensive phenolic compounds due to interference with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Additionally, plants can recruit predacious insects with extrafloral nectar (EFN), a sugar secretion not involved in pollination. It is currently unclear whether silicon uptake reduces other putative defences associated with the JA pathway, like EFN production. We used faba bean (Vicia faba) to identify potential trade-offs between silicon accumulation, phenolic content, and EFN production. We grew four genotypes of faba bean that varied in tannin content in control soil, or soil supplemented with silicon. After five weeks of growth, we exposed plants to either a buffer or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) solution to simulate an herbivory response. We measured EFN production at 24 and 48 hours after treatment, and harvested leaves to quantify silicon and phenolic content. We found silicon supplementation, but not MeJA treatment, increased foliar silicon concentration. Silicon supplementation did not affect foliar phenolic content or EFN sugar content. Silicon concentration (ppm) and MeJA treatment did not decrease foliar phenolic content or EFN sugar content. However, we found an interaction between silicon concentration (ppm) and MeJA treatment with EFN sugar content: across MeJA-treated plants, we detected a positive association between foliar silicon concentration and the amount of sugar (mg) in EFN. This study is the first to show MeJA can interact with leaf silicon concentration to alter EFN response, with the potential for cascading effects on other trophic levels.

{"title":"Positive association between foliar silicon and extrafloral nectar in Vicia faba with application of methyl jasmonate","authors":"Chelsea Megan Gowton , Dennis Chiu , Isaac John Peetoom Heida , Juli Carrillo","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants have evolved direct and indirect defences against herbivores, which may come at a cost to other plant functions. Many plants can uptake and deposit large amounts of silicon within plant tissue, creating structures which can reduce herbivore performance. Silicon uptake can increase plant defenses against herbivores, but it has also been shown to trade-off with defensive phenolic compounds due to interference with jasmonic acid (JA) signaling. Additionally, plants can recruit predacious insects with extrafloral nectar (EFN), a sugar secretion not involved in pollination. It is currently unclear whether silicon uptake reduces other putative defences associated with the JA pathway, like EFN production. We used faba bean (<em>Vicia faba) to</em> identify potential trade-offs between silicon accumulation, phenolic content, and EFN production. We grew four genotypes of faba bean that varied in tannin content in control soil, or soil supplemented with silicon. After five weeks of growth, we exposed plants to either a buffer or methyl jasmonate (MeJA) solution to simulate an herbivory response. We measured EFN production at 24 and 48 hours after treatment, and harvested leaves to quantify silicon and phenolic content. We found silicon supplementation, but not MeJA treatment, increased foliar silicon concentration. Silicon supplementation did not affect foliar phenolic content or EFN sugar content. Silicon concentration (ppm) and MeJA treatment did not decrease foliar phenolic content or EFN sugar content. However, we found an interaction between silicon concentration (ppm) and MeJA treatment with EFN sugar content: across MeJA-treated plants, we detected a positive association between foliar silicon concentration and the amount of sugar (mg) in EFN. This study is the first to show MeJA can interact with leaf silicon concentration to alter EFN response, with the potential for cascading effects on other trophic levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 11-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143178858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of climate change on boreal plant-pollinator interactions are largely neglected by science

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.01.014

Joan Díaz-Calafat , Adam Felton , Erik Öckinger , Pieter De Frenne , Sara A.O. Cousins , Per-Ola Hedwall

The boreal forest, one of the world's largest terrestrial biomes, is currently experiencing rapid climate-driven changes. This review synthesizes the limited research available on climate-change impacts on boreal plant-pollinator systems, revealing several knowledge gaps and shedding light on the vulnerabilities of boreal ecosystems. Using four complementary Web of Science searches, we found 5198 articles, of which only 11 were relevant. Our findings reveal that research on boreal plant-pollinator interactions is limited to date, as is our understanding of the insect fauna and pollination systems in the boreal region. Existing research often focuses on conspicuous plants, neglecting many other ecologically significant species. In addition, current studies often lack detailed data on pollinator species, which restricts our capacity to assess the vulnerability of specific plant-pollinator interactions to climate change. For example, most articles use plant reproductive success as a proxy for pollinator effectiveness without considering pollinator identity. This approach successfully assesses overall plant fitness, but overlooks changes to pollinator communities, such as those resulting from thermophilization, that may be relevant to projecting climate-change impacts. Moreover, pollinator taxon seems to affect the responses of plant reproduction to warming, with fly-pollinated plants appearing to be more resilient to temperature changes than bee-pollinated plants. Future research should prioritize foundational plant species and key pollinators, including flies, which are crucial to boreal pollination ecology. Understanding species-specific responses to warming is equally important for identifying which species and interactions may be most vulnerable to climate change. Studies should also examine the role of forest microclimates, as they may buffer boreal regions during broader climatic shifts, helping to mitigate the impacts of warming on these ecosystems. Addressing these gaps is essential for predicting climate impacts on boreal biodiversity and for informing conservation strategies that support biodiversity and benefit human communities reliant on boreal ecosystem services.

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引用次数: 0

Increase in disturbance-induced canopy gaps leads to reorganization of Central European bird communities

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.01.013

Anne Graser , Claudia Frank , Friederike Kunz , Andreas Schuldt , Cornelius Senf , Christoph Sudfeldt , Sven Trautmann , Johannes Kamp

Natural and anthropogenic forest disturbances have profound impacts on biodiversity and habitats. Due to climate change and land-use legacies, natural disturbances in Central European forests – such as windthrow and insect outbreaks – have increased in recent decades. How those changes affect biodiversity has, however, rarely been quantified over larger spatial and longer temporal scales, mostly because concurrent datasets on biodiversity trends and forest disturbances are rare. Here, we investigate the effect of canopy gaps resulting from both natural and anthropogenic forest disturbance on bird species. We harnessed a unique dataset from a nation-wide bird monitoring scheme containing richness and abundance data from 927 plots monitored annually from 2005 to 2019 across all of Germany (153,014 observations). We related bird richness and abundance to disturbance (measured as the disturbance fraction, i.e. canopy gap area in relation to the total forest area per monitoring plot) derived from a 30 m-resolution forest disturbance layer based on Landsat satellite data. This allowed us to assess effects of young canopy gaps (disturbance <5 years ago) and older canopy gaps (disturbance 5–10 years ago) on population trends of single species, combined trends across functional groups and bird diversity. Responses to disturbance were largely species- and trait-specific, with contrasting effects of different canopy gap age not necessarily accompanied by a change in overall bird diversity. Abundance trends of forest birds as well as short-distant migrants were negatively affected by young canopy gaps. Older canopy gaps led to more positive trends in shrub-nesting birds and short-distant migrants. We conclude that the recent increase in disturbance-induced canopy gaps across Central Europe has led to community reorganization, including species-specific changes in abundances. These changes might have important implications for priority-setting in species conservation.

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