Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献_第4页

The impact of climate, local habitat, surrounding landscape and management on coffee wilt disease and Armillaria root rot on Arabica coffee in its native range 气候、当地生境、周边景观和管理对阿拉比卡咖啡原生地区咖啡枯萎病和蜜环菌根腐病的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.005

Biruk Ayalew , Kristoffer Hylander , Beyene Zewdie , Francesco Zignol , Ayco J.M. Tack

Climate change is predicted to lower yields through increased disease pressure. Yet, we often lack insights into how climate affects disease dynamics, and how we can manage the environment to reduce the impact of climate change. This knowledge gap is especially prominent for stem and root diseases that concern smallholder farmers in low-income countries. To provide insights into the patterns and drivers of stem and root diseases, and how they will be affected by climate change, we surveyed the prevalence and incidence of a major stem (coffee wilt disease; Gibberella xylarioides) and root disease (Armillaria root rot; Armillaria mellea) attacking Arabica coffee in 58 sites in southwestern Ethiopia, and simultaneously recorded climatic, habitat, spatial and management variables. Coffee wilt disease was found in all but four sites, and the incidence of coffee wilt disease was positively affected by temperature and soil moisture, negatively affected by coffee density and lower in sites with a more forest-like shade tree species composition. Armillaria root rot was found in 29 out of 58 sites. While none of the factors explained the prevalence of Armillaria root rot, Armillaria root rot incidence was, in contrast to coffee wilt disease, negatively affected by temperature. Armillaria root rot was positively affected by soil moisture and surrounding forest cover. Canopy cover affected the two diseases through opposing direct and indirect pathways, resulting in non-significant total effects. Neither of the two diseases was affected by coffee structure index (reflecting e.g. pruning), the proportion of coffee berry disease resistant cultivars, or each other’s presence. Overall, our findings shed light on the patterns and drivers of stem and root diseases, and provide management guidelines to reduce the devastating impact of these diseases for smallholder farmers.

预计气候变化会增加病害压力，从而降低产量。然而，我们往往缺乏对气候如何影响疾病动态的认识，以及我们如何管理环境以减少气候变化的影响。这种知识差距对于低收入国家小农所涉及的茎和根疾病尤其突出。为了深入了解气候变化对咖啡豆茎、根病害的影响模式和驱动因素，我们调查了埃塞俄比亚西南部58个地区阿拉比卡咖啡的主要茎（咖啡枯萎病）和根病（蜜环菌根腐病）的流行情况和发病率，同时记录了气候、生境、空间和管理变量。除4个样地外，其余样地均发现了咖啡枯萎病，并且咖啡枯萎病的发病率与温度和土壤湿度呈正相关，与咖啡密度负相关，在林型遮荫树种组成较多的样地发病率较低。58个地点中29个发现蜜环菌根腐病。虽然这些因素都不能解释蜜环菌根腐病的流行，但与咖啡枯萎病相比，蜜环菌根腐病的发病率受温度的负影响。土壤湿度和周围森林覆盖对蜜环菌根腐病有正向影响。林冠覆盖通过相反的直接和间接途径影响两种疾病，总效应不显著。两种病害均不受咖啡结构指数（反映如修剪）、咖啡莓抗病品种比例或彼此存在的影响。总的来说，我们的研究结果揭示了茎和根疾病的模式和驱动因素，并提供了管理指南，以减少这些疾病对小农的破坏性影响。

{"title":"The impact of climate, local habitat, surrounding landscape and management on coffee wilt disease and Armillaria root rot on Arabica coffee in its native range","authors":"Biruk Ayalew , Kristoffer Hylander , Beyene Zewdie , Francesco Zignol , Ayco J.M. Tack","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is predicted to lower yields through increased disease pressure. Yet, we often lack insights into how climate affects disease dynamics, and how we can manage the environment to reduce the impact of climate change. This knowledge gap is especially prominent for stem and root diseases that concern smallholder farmers in low-income countries. To provide insights into the patterns and drivers of stem and root diseases, and how they will be affected by climate change, we surveyed the prevalence and incidence of a major stem (coffee wilt disease; <em>Gibberella xylarioides</em>) and root disease (Armillaria root rot; <em>Armillaria mellea</em>) attacking Arabica coffee in 58 sites in southwestern Ethiopia, and simultaneously recorded climatic, habitat, spatial and management variables. Coffee wilt disease was found in all but four sites, and the incidence of coffee wilt disease was positively affected by temperature and soil moisture, negatively affected by coffee density and lower in sites with a more forest-like shade tree species composition. Armillaria root rot was found in 29 out of 58 sites. While none of the factors explained the prevalence of Armillaria root rot, Armillaria root rot incidence was, in contrast to coffee wilt disease, negatively affected by temperature. Armillaria root rot was positively affected by soil moisture and surrounding forest cover. Canopy cover affected the two diseases through opposing direct and indirect pathways, resulting in non-significant total effects. Neither of the two diseases was affected by coffee structure index (reflecting e.g. pruning), the proportion of coffee berry disease resistant cultivars, or each other’s presence. Overall, our findings shed light on the patterns and drivers of stem and root diseases, and provide management guidelines to reduce the devastating impact of these diseases for smallholder farmers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 59-70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Floral richness shapes plant-pollinator networks in urban agroecosystems 在城市农业生态系统中，植物丰富度塑造了植物-传粉者网络

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.004

Stacy M. Philpott , Gabriella Pardee , Jenny Hsu , Andy J. Kulikowski II , Peter Bichier , Heidi Liere , Brenda B. Lin , Shalene Jha

Species richness, a fundamental driver of agroecosystem function, is shaped by habitat management and landscape surroundings. Yet, delivery of ecosystem services, like pollination, in agroecosystems is dependent on ecological interactions, not just species richness. Documenting changes in functional groups and ecological networks can inform expected shifts in mutualistic dynamics and impacts on ecosystem services. We recorded pollinator visitation to plants in 23 urban agroecosystems in California during July 2021 and used generalized linear models to examine how local management and landscape changes influenced abundance and species richness of three pollinator functional groups (bees, flies, butterflies/moths) and plant-pollinator networks. We observed 99 pollinator species visiting 157 plant species. Together, three pollinator species accounted for >52 % of the pollinator visits. Five plant species hosted nearly 30 % of pollinator visits. Pollinator species richness increased with higher floral richness, but decreased with more natural habitat in the landscape, potentially due to a dilution effect. Bee richness increased with higher bee abundance, higher floral richness, smaller mean flower size, and larger garden size, but bee abundance and richness declined with more natural habitat cover. Fly richness increased with higher fly abundance and decreased with larger garden size. Butterfly/moth richness increased with higher butterfly/moth abundance, while butterfly/moth abundance declined with more natural habitat cover. Network specialization increased while nestedness, interaction evenness, and connectance all decreased with higher herbaceous plant species richness, but no other local or landscape changes affected network metrics. Individual pollinator and plant species differed in degree of specialization. Pollinator functional groups selectively visited different plants with bees more likely to visit ornamentals, flies more likely to visit crops, and butterflies more likely to visit weeds. We show that urban agroecosystems can support pollinators, and that changes to floral richness, flower volume, and natural habitat cover are the most important for shaping ecological interactions between pollinators and plants.

物种丰富度是农业生态系统功能的基本驱动因素，受生境管理和景观环境的影响。然而，在农业生态系统中，生态系统服务的提供，如授粉，取决于生态相互作用，而不仅仅是物种丰富度。记录功能群和生态网络的变化可以为互惠动态的预期变化和对生态系统服务的影响提供信息。研究人员于2021年7月记录了加州23个城市农业生态系统中传粉者对植物的访问情况，并使用广义线性模型研究了当地管理和景观变化如何影响三个传粉者功能群（蜜蜂、苍蝇、蝴蝶/飞蛾）和植物-传粉者网络的丰度和物种丰富度。我们观察到99种传粉者访问157种植物。这三种传粉者总共占传粉者访问量的52%。五种植物吸引了近30%的传粉者。传粉者物种丰富度随花卉丰富度的增加而增加，但随景观中自然生境的增加而减少，可能是由于稀释效应。蜜蜂丰富度随蜜蜂丰度、花丰富度、平均花大小和花园面积的增加而增加，但随自然栖息地覆盖的增加而下降。蝇类丰富度随蝇类丰度的增加而增加，随园林规模的增大而减少。蝴蝶/飞蛾丰富度随着蝴蝶/飞蛾丰富度的增加而增加，而蝴蝶/飞蛾丰富度随着自然生境覆盖的增加而下降。随着草本植物物种丰富度的增加，网络专业化程度增加，而筑巢性、相互作用均匀性和连通性均降低，但其他局部或景观变化对网络指标没有影响。传粉者个体和植物种类的专门化程度不同。传粉者功能群有选择地访问不同的植物，蜜蜂更有可能访问观赏植物，苍蝇更有可能访问作物，蝴蝶更有可能访问杂草。研究表明，城市农业生态系统可以支持传粉媒介，而植物的丰富度、花量和自然栖息地覆盖的变化是形成传粉媒介与植物之间生态相互作用的最重要因素。

{"title":"Floral richness shapes plant-pollinator networks in urban agroecosystems","authors":"Stacy M. Philpott , Gabriella Pardee , Jenny Hsu , Andy J. Kulikowski II , Peter Bichier , Heidi Liere , Brenda B. Lin , Shalene Jha","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species richness, a fundamental driver of agroecosystem function, is shaped by habitat management and landscape surroundings. Yet, delivery of ecosystem services, like pollination, in agroecosystems is dependent on ecological interactions, not just species richness. Documenting changes in functional groups and ecological networks can inform expected shifts in mutualistic dynamics and impacts on ecosystem services. We recorded pollinator visitation to plants in 23 urban agroecosystems in California during July 2021 and used generalized linear models to examine how local management and landscape changes influenced abundance and species richness of three pollinator functional groups (bees, flies, butterflies/moths) and plant-pollinator networks. We observed 99 pollinator species visiting 157 plant species. Together, three pollinator species accounted for >52 % of the pollinator visits. Five plant species hosted nearly 30 % of pollinator visits. Pollinator species richness increased with higher floral richness, but decreased with more natural habitat in the landscape, potentially due to a dilution effect. Bee richness increased with higher bee abundance, higher floral richness, smaller mean flower size, and larger garden size, but bee abundance and richness declined with more natural habitat cover. Fly richness increased with higher fly abundance and decreased with larger garden size. Butterfly/moth richness increased with higher butterfly/moth abundance, while butterfly/moth abundance declined with more natural habitat cover. Network specialization increased while nestedness, interaction evenness, and connectance all decreased with higher herbaceous plant species richness, but no other local or landscape changes affected network metrics. Individual pollinator and plant species differed in degree of specialization. Pollinator functional groups selectively visited different plants with bees more likely to visit ornamentals, flies more likely to visit crops, and butterflies more likely to visit weeds. We show that urban agroecosystems can support pollinators, and that changes to floral richness, flower volume, and natural habitat cover are the most important for shaping ecological interactions between pollinators and plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 114-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Status and trends of Germany’s urban biodiversity: A nationwide assessment and identified knowledge gaps 德国城市生物多样性的现状和趋势：一项全国性的评估和确定的知识差距

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.002

Thilo Wellmann , Sonja Knapp , Christian Albert , Monika Egerer , Leonie K. Fischer , Josef Kaiser , Stephanie Kramer-Schadt , André Mascarenhas , Christian Ristok , Maria Sporbert , Tanja M. Straka , Michael W. Strohbach , Christoph Bleidorn , Jori Maylin Marx , Willi E.R. Xylander , Peter Keil , Dagmar Haase

Knowledge on the status and trends of biodiversity in urban areas is scattered and biased towards a few taxonomic groups, despite the fact that cities are where most humans get in touch with nature today. As part of the German Biodiversity Assessment (‘Faktencheck Artenvielfalt’), we conducted a nationwide review of published studies that recorded species occurrences in urban areas in Germany. We found that urban areas can host a large proportion of all plant, animal, and fungal species found in Germany, thus contributing to the nationwide conservation of biodiversity. However, compared to other habitat types outside of cities, the number of studies analysing the status and trends of urban biodiversity is relatively small. We could not identify a general trend over time for species diversity in German cities, based on the available studies. Even within individual species groups, there are combinations of declining, positive, and/or neutral trends. Information on population trends remains limited. Similarly, evidence of whether urbanisation promotes the homogenisation or differentiation of species groups is weak, with those groups investigated more thoroughly showing mixed patterns. With regard to biodiversity promotion, preserving the environmental heterogeneity that contributes to biodiversity is important, such as the maintenance of various habitat types (forests, parks, gardens, ponds, streams, etc.) that offer various food and nesting resources. Hence, the proportion of built-up impervious areas must remain limited, i.e. must not increase, and additional measures to promote biodiversity must be implemented. However, local authorities are largely ill-equipped to systematically monitor species occurrence across the variety of habitat types, or elements of green-blue infrastructure and taxonomic groups in cities. We discuss these findings, considering international urban biodiversity assessments and suggest key attributes of an effective national monitoring system to support urban biodiversity conservation and enhancement.

尽管城市是当今大多数人类接触自然的地方，但关于城市地区生物多样性现状和趋势的知识是分散的，并且偏向于几个分类群。作为德国生物多样性评估（Faktencheck Artenvielfalt）的一部分，我们对德国城市地区记录物种发生的已发表研究进行了全国性的审查。我们发现，城市地区可以容纳大部分在德国发现的植物、动物和真菌物种，从而有助于全国范围内的生物多样性保护。然而，与城市以外的其他生境类型相比，分析城市生物多样性现状和趋势的研究相对较少。基于现有的研究，我们无法确定德国城市物种多样性随时间的总体趋势。即使在单个物种群中，也有下降、上升和/或中性趋势的组合。关于人口趋势的资料仍然有限。同样，城市化是否促进了物种群体的同质化或分化的证据也很薄弱，对这些群体进行了更彻底的调查，显示出混合模式。在促进生物多样性方面，保护有助于生物多样性的环境异质性很重要，例如维护提供各种食物和筑巢资源的各种栖息地类型（森林、公园、花园、池塘、溪流等）。因此，建成的不透水地区的比例必须保持有限，即不能增加，并且必须实施额外的措施来促进生物多样性。然而，地方当局基本上没有能力系统地监测各种栖息地类型的物种发生情况，也没有能力监测城市中绿蓝基础设施和分类群体的组成部分。我们讨论了这些发现，并结合国际城市生物多样性评估，提出了有效的国家监测系统的关键属性，以支持城市生物多样性的保护和增强。

{"title":"Status and trends of Germany’s urban biodiversity: A nationwide assessment and identified knowledge gaps","authors":"Thilo Wellmann , Sonja Knapp , Christian Albert , Monika Egerer , Leonie K. Fischer , Josef Kaiser , Stephanie Kramer-Schadt , André Mascarenhas , Christian Ristok , Maria Sporbert , Tanja M. Straka , Michael W. Strohbach , Christoph Bleidorn , Jori Maylin Marx , Willi E.R. Xylander , Peter Keil , Dagmar Haase","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge on the status and trends of biodiversity in urban areas is scattered and biased towards a few taxonomic groups, despite the fact that cities are where most humans get in touch with nature today. As part of the German Biodiversity Assessment (‘Faktencheck Artenvielfalt’), we conducted a nationwide review of published studies that recorded species occurrences in urban areas in Germany. We found that urban areas can host a large proportion of all plant, animal, and fungal species found in Germany, thus contributing to the nationwide conservation of biodiversity. However, compared to other habitat types outside of cities, the number of studies analysing the status and trends of urban biodiversity is relatively small. We could not identify a general trend over time for species diversity in German cities, based on the available studies. Even within individual species groups, there are combinations of declining, positive, and/or neutral trends. Information on population trends remains limited. Similarly, evidence of whether urbanisation promotes the homogenisation or differentiation of species groups is weak, with those groups investigated more thoroughly showing mixed patterns. With regard to biodiversity promotion, preserving the environmental heterogeneity that contributes to biodiversity is important, such as the maintenance of various habitat types (forests, parks, gardens, ponds, streams, etc.) that offer various food and nesting resources. Hence, the proportion of built-up impervious areas must remain limited, i.e. must not increase, and additional measures to promote biodiversity must be implemented. However, local authorities are largely ill-equipped to systematically monitor species occurrence across the variety of habitat types, or elements of green-blue infrastructure and taxonomic groups in cities. We discuss these findings, considering international urban biodiversity assessments and suggest key attributes of an effective national monitoring system to support urban biodiversity conservation and enhancement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 37-49"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Human disturbances explain the small-island effect of large and medium-sized mammals in the largest archipelago of China 人为干扰解释了中国最大群岛大中型哺乳动物的小岛效应

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.003

Chengxiu Zhan , Bicheng Li , Yanping Wang

The small-island effect (SIE) is a widely accepted pattern in island biogeography where species richness varies independently of island area below an area threshold. Three main ecological mechanisms (the disturbance hypothesis, habitat hypothesis, and subsidized island biogeography hypothesis) have been proposed to explain the SIE resulting from natural drivers. However, extensive human disturbances have led to considerable changes in insular species richness worldwide. Here, we incorporated human disturbances into the disturbance hypothesis and explored the mechanism to explain the SIE of large and medium-sized mammals in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. We used the camera trapping method to survey large and medium-sized mammals on 50 islands from May 2020 to April 2024. We used piecewise regression, path analysis, and null models to determine the existence of the SIE. We then applied iterative partial regressions to assess the relative importance of island area and other island characteristics (human disturbances, variability of normalized difference vegetation index (VNDVI), habitat diversity, rocky shoreline proportion, and isolation) in determining species richness. We found strong evidence for the existence of SIE when using the island area, but we did not detect it when using the available habitat area (excluding uninhabited island area). Additionally, the fraction of variance in species richness explained exclusively by human disturbances (human population density and land use intensity) was high on small islands and decreased as island size increased, while that explained by island area was low and increased as island size increased. Overall, our findings supported the human-driven disturbance hypothesis, which provides a new explanation for the SIE. For effective conservation of large and medium-sized mammals in this region, we should protect large islands beyond the larger area threshold of the SIE, and conservation priorities for small islands should focus on those islands where human disturbances are weak.

小岛屿效应（SIE）是岛屿生物地理学中被广泛接受的一种模式，即物种丰富度在面积阈值以下独立于岛屿面积而变化。目前提出了干扰假说、栖息地假说和补贴岛生物地理学假说三种主要的生态机制来解释自然驱动因素导致的社会经济变化。然而，广泛的人类干扰导致世界范围内岛屿物种丰富度发生了相当大的变化。本文将人为干扰纳入干扰假说，探讨了舟山群岛大中型哺乳动物SIE的机制。2020年5月至2024年4月，采用摄像机诱捕法对50个岛屿的大中型哺乳动物进行了调查。我们使用分段回归、路径分析和零模型来确定SIE的存在。然后，我们应用迭代部分回归来评估岛屿面积和其他岛屿特征（人类干扰、归一化植被指数（VNDVI）变异性、栖息地多样性、岩石海岸线比例和隔离）在决定物种丰富度中的相对重要性。我们在使用岛屿区域时发现了强有力的证据，但在使用可用栖息地区域（不包括无人居住的岛屿区域）时没有发现它的存在。此外，由人类干扰（人口密度和土地利用强度）引起的物种丰富度变异比例在小岛屿上高，随岛屿面积的增加而降低，而由岛屿面积引起的物种丰富度变异比例低，随岛屿面积的增加而增加。总的来说，我们的发现支持人为干扰假说，这为SIE提供了一个新的解释。为了有效保护该地区大中型哺乳动物，应保护超过SIE较大面积阈值的大岛，而对小岛屿的保护重点应放在人为干扰较弱的岛屿上。

{"title":"Human disturbances explain the small-island effect of large and medium-sized mammals in the largest archipelago of China","authors":"Chengxiu Zhan , Bicheng Li , Yanping Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The small-island effect (SIE) is a widely accepted pattern in island biogeography where species richness varies independently of island area below an area threshold. Three main ecological mechanisms (the disturbance hypothesis, habitat hypothesis, and subsidized island biogeography hypothesis) have been proposed to explain the SIE resulting from natural drivers. However, extensive human disturbances have led to considerable changes in insular species richness worldwide. Here, we incorporated human disturbances into the disturbance hypothesis and explored the mechanism to explain the SIE of large and medium-sized mammals in the Zhoushan Archipelago, China. We used the camera trapping method to survey large and medium-sized mammals on 50 islands from May 2020 to April 2024. We used piecewise regression, path analysis, and null models to determine the existence of the SIE. We then applied iterative partial regressions to assess the relative importance of island area and other island characteristics (human disturbances, variability of normalized difference vegetation index (VNDVI), habitat diversity, rocky shoreline proportion, and isolation) in determining species richness. We found strong evidence for the existence of SIE when using the island area, but we did not detect it when using the available habitat area (excluding uninhabited island area). Additionally, the fraction of variance in species richness explained exclusively by human disturbances (human population density and land use intensity) was high on small islands and decreased as island size increased, while that explained by island area was low and increased as island size increased. Overall, our findings supported the human-driven disturbance hypothesis, which provides a new explanation for the SIE. For effective conservation of large and medium-sized mammals in this region, we should protect large islands beyond the larger area threshold of the SIE, and conservation priorities for small islands should focus on those islands where human disturbances are weak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis – managed roe deer populations are not disrupting forest faunal communities 测试中间干扰假设-管理狍种群没有破坏森林动物群落

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.001

Sebastian Schwegmann , João M. Cordeiro Pereira , Marco Basile , Marlotte Jonker , Nolan J. Rappa , Riko Fardiansah , Ilse Storch , Manisha Bhardwaj

Large herbivores, such as deer, are keystone species in forest ecosystems due to their diverse effects on forest structure, as well as plant and faunal communities. While in production forests deer are often considered pest species due to the browsing impact on woody vegetation, deer are disturbance agents for forest ecosystems as a whole, as their presence and density can influence other trophic levels, while also providing ecosystem services. The effects of deer on ecosystems can be expected to follow the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis (IDH), whereby there is a positive influence on biodiversity up to intermediate deer densities, turning negative at higher densities. To date, most field studies tend to explore either linear effects of deer on the environment, or populations that have extremely high densities, thus ignoring the potential non-linear relationship between deer species and the forest ecosystem. This may lead to the notion that deer are problematic for the conservation of forest biodiversity. To address this gap, we explore the non-linear effect of roe deer densities on the abundance and diversity of multiple faunistic groups including invertebrates, birds, bats and hares, in managed forests of the Black Forest, Germany. Our findings partly support the IDH, as most taxa were either positively related to intermediate roe deer abundances in our system or did not respond to deer abundances. In contrast to the prevalent image of deer as a threat to forest biodiversity, we find few taxa that are negatively affected by roe deer. Conversely, we find that roe deer at low to intermediate population densities may contribute to maintaining forest communities, as with hymenopterans, birds and spiders.

大型食草动物，如鹿，是森林生态系统的关键物种，因为它们对森林结构以及动植物群落有不同的影响。虽然在生产森林中，由于对木本植被的啃食影响，鹿通常被视为有害物种，但鹿是整个森林生态系统的干扰因子，因为它们的存在和密度可以影响其他营养水平，同时也提供生态系统服务。鹿群对生态系统的影响遵循中间干扰假说（IDH），即在中等密度范围内，鹿群对生物多样性的影响为正，而在较高密度范围内，鹿群对生物多样性的影响为负。迄今为止，大多数实地研究倾向于探索鹿对环境的线性影响，或具有极高密度的种群，从而忽略了鹿物种与森林生态系统之间潜在的非线性关系。这可能会导致鹿对保护森林生物多样性有问题的观念。为了解决这一差距，我们在德国黑森林的管理森林中探讨了狍密度对包括无脊椎动物、鸟类、蝙蝠和野兔在内的多种动物群的丰度和多样性的非线性影响。我们的研究结果在一定程度上支持了IDH，因为我们的系统中大多数分类群要么与中间狍丰度呈正相关，要么对鹿丰度没有反应。与鹿对森林生物多样性构成威胁的普遍形象相反，我们发现很少有分类群受到狍的负面影响。相反，我们发现低至中等种群密度的狍可能有助于维持森林群落，如膜翅目昆虫，鸟类和蜘蛛。

{"title":"Testing the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis – managed roe deer populations are not disrupting forest faunal communities","authors":"Sebastian Schwegmann , João M. Cordeiro Pereira , Marco Basile , Marlotte Jonker , Nolan J. Rappa , Riko Fardiansah , Ilse Storch , Manisha Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large herbivores, such as deer, are keystone species in forest ecosystems due to their diverse effects on forest structure, as well as plant and faunal communities. While in production forests deer are often considered pest species due to the browsing impact on woody vegetation, deer are disturbance agents for forest ecosystems as a whole, as their presence and density can influence other trophic levels, while also providing ecosystem services. The effects of deer on ecosystems can be expected to follow the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis (IDH), whereby there is a positive influence on biodiversity up to intermediate deer densities, turning negative at higher densities. To date, most field studies tend to explore either linear effects of deer on the environment, or populations that have extremely high densities, thus ignoring the potential non-linear relationship between deer species and the forest ecosystem. This may lead to the notion that deer are problematic for the conservation of forest biodiversity. To address this gap, we explore the non-linear effect of roe deer densities on the abundance and diversity of multiple faunistic groups including invertebrates, birds, bats and hares, in managed forests of the Black Forest, Germany. Our findings partly support the IDH, as most taxa were either positively related to intermediate roe deer abundances in our system or did not respond to deer abundances. In contrast to the prevalent image of deer as a threat to forest biodiversity, we find few taxa that are negatively affected by roe deer. Conversely, we find that roe deer at low to intermediate population densities may contribute to maintaining forest communities, as with hymenopterans, birds and spiders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rich assemblages of native pollinators profit from flowering strips with lacy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and from monocultures of this plant 丰富的本地传粉媒介组合受益于带花边的白仙花（白仙花）开花带和这种植物的单一栽培

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.004

Tomáš Chvojka , Antonín Hlaváček , Petr Bogusch

The cultivation of flowering strips on arable land is one way to support the nonproductive functions of agriculture, including strengthening the conservation of pollinators in the landscape. Despite this, a comprehensive assessment of the ecological benefits of such measures and their importance for pollinating insects is still lacking. Therefore we investigated the effects of lacy phacelia on pollinator communities and annual mixed stands in which lacy phacelia was one of the plant components. The research was carried out in 28 monocultures of lacy phacelia and 28 flowering strips with lacy phacelia proportions in the Czech Republic. At each site, within a defined transect, we conducted netting of bees and wasps, hoverflies and butterflies. Both monocultures and mixed stands attracted a wide range of species. The species diversities and abundances of most of the pollinator groups studied were greater in mixed stands, where butterflies and non-aphidophagous hoverflies were significantly more numerous and diverse. Lacy phacelia flowers were mainly visited by common, nonspecialized insects, whereas mixed stands were more attractive to a greater number of specialists. Our findings therefore point to the significant benefits of flowering strips including lacy phacelia for pollinating insect communities in agricultural landscapes, and we recommend the support of flower strips including lacy phacelia in EU agri-environment schemes. We additionally draw attention to the importance of a detailed understanding of pollinator relationships in a landscape context and highlight the need for further studies to contribute to the design of additional functional measures for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.

在耕地上种植花带是支持农业非生产性功能的一种方式，包括加强对景观中传粉媒介的保护。尽管如此，对这些措施的生态效益及其对传粉昆虫的重要性的全面评估仍然缺乏。因此，我们研究了花葶莲对传粉昆虫群落和以花葶莲为植物成分的一年生混交林的影响。本研究在捷克共和国的28株花边白仙花单株栽培和28株有花边白仙花比例的花条上进行。在每个地点，在一个确定的样带内，我们对蜜蜂、黄蜂、食蚜蝇和蝴蝶进行了网捕。单一栽培和混交林都能吸引广泛的物种。研究的大多数传粉昆虫类群的物种多样性和丰度在混合林中更高，其中蝴蝶和非食蚜食蚜蝇的数量和多样性显著高于混合林中。花边白仙花主要被普通的非专业昆虫访问，而混合林分对更多的专业昆虫更有吸引力。因此，我们的研究结果表明，在农业景观中，包括花边长白莲在内的花带对授粉昆虫群落有显著的好处，我们建议在欧盟农业环境计划中支持包括花边长白莲在内的花带。此外，我们还提请注意在景观背景下详细了解传粉者关系的重要性，并强调需要进一步研究，以有助于设计农业景观中生物多样性保护的其他功能措施。

{"title":"Rich assemblages of native pollinators profit from flowering strips with lacy phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and from monocultures of this plant","authors":"Tomáš Chvojka , Antonín Hlaváček , Petr Bogusch","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cultivation of flowering strips on arable land is one way to support the nonproductive functions of agriculture, including strengthening the conservation of pollinators in the landscape. Despite this, a comprehensive assessment of the ecological benefits of such measures and their importance for pollinating insects is still lacking. Therefore we investigated the effects of lacy phacelia on pollinator communities and annual mixed stands in which lacy phacelia was one of the plant components. The research was carried out in 28 monocultures of lacy phacelia and 28 flowering strips with lacy phacelia proportions in the Czech Republic. At each site, within a defined transect, we conducted netting of bees and wasps, hoverflies and butterflies. Both monocultures and mixed stands attracted a wide range of species. The species diversities and abundances of most of the pollinator groups studied were greater in mixed stands, where butterflies and non-aphidophagous hoverflies were significantly more numerous and diverse. Lacy phacelia flowers were mainly visited by common, nonspecialized insects, whereas mixed stands were more attractive to a greater number of specialists. Our findings therefore point to the significant benefits of flowering strips including lacy phacelia for pollinating insect communities in agricultural landscapes, and we recommend the support of flower strips including lacy phacelia in EU agri-environment schemes. We additionally draw attention to the importance of a detailed understanding of pollinator relationships in a landscape context and highlight the need for further studies to contribute to the design of additional functional measures for biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 104-113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145262335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bird and bat diversity, herbivory and trade-offs with yield in coffee agroforests in Arabica coffee’s native range 鸟和蝙蝠的多样性，草食和权衡与产量在咖啡农林业在阿拉比卡咖啡的本土范围

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.003

A.J.M. Tack , H.F. Burger , H. Wood , B. Zewdie , T. Shimales , B. Ayalew , E. Mendesil , K. Hylander

Agroforestry systems have the potential to provide benefits for conservation, natural pest control and farmer livelihoods. Yet, we need a clearer understanding of how environmental drivers shape different components of biodiversity, how these biodiversity components contribute to suppressing pest levels, and how biodiversity trades off with yield. We focused on the diversity and role of birds and bats across different types of coffee farms in Arabica coffee’s native range in southwestern Ethiopia. While elevation, canopy cover, shade tree community composition and surrounding forest cover did not explain bird and bat species richness, the composition of the bird and bat community was significantly influenced by the composition of the shade tree community. Herbivory was unrelated to the species richness and community composition of insectivorous birds and bats. We found no trade-off between bird and bat species richness and coffee yield, but the composition of the bird, but not bat, community changed with increasing yield, where forest specialist birds rapidly declined in abundance from low to mid-yielding sites. Overall, we suggest that the similar levels of bird and bat species richness and an absence of a relationship with herbivory across different types of agroforests are due to the diverse mosaic agricultural landscape and lack of agroforests with very high management intensities (which are common in other parts of the world). From a conservation point of view, intensification of coffee management in the lowest-yielding sites would threaten biodiversity in terms of forest specialist birds. However, is it also important to learn more on the potential positive roles of biodiversity in those parts of the landscape where coffee is managed for high yields. From both a conservation and sustainable management point of view we urgently need more insights into the taxonomy, life-history, habitat preferences and foraging ranges of East African bats.

农林复合系统有可能为保护、自然病虫害防治和农民生计带来好处。然而，我们需要更清楚地了解环境驱动因素如何塑造生物多样性的不同组成部分，这些生物多样性组成部分如何有助于抑制害虫水平，以及生物多样性如何与产量进行权衡。我们关注的是埃塞俄比亚西南部阿拉比卡咖啡原产地不同类型咖啡农场中鸟类和蝙蝠的多样性和作用。高程、冠层盖度、遮荫乔木群落组成和周围森林覆盖不能解释鸟类和蝙蝠物种丰富度，但遮荫乔木群落组成对鸟类和蝙蝠群落组成有显著影响。食草性与食虫鸟类和蝙蝠的物种丰富度和群落组成无关。我们发现鸟类和蝙蝠的物种丰富度与咖啡产量之间没有权衡关系，但鸟类（而不是蝙蝠）的群落组成随着产量的增加而变化，森林专业鸟类的丰度从低产地迅速下降到中产地。总体而言，我们认为不同类型农林业中鸟类和蝙蝠物种丰富度水平相似，且与草食缺乏关系，这是由于多样化的马赛克农业景观和缺乏非常高管理强度的农林业（这在世界其他地区很常见）。从保护的角度来看，在最低产量地区加强咖啡管理将威胁到森林专用鸟类的生物多样性。然而，更多地了解生物多样性在咖啡高产地区的潜在积极作用也很重要。从保护和可持续管理的角度来看，我们迫切需要更多地了解东非蝙蝠的分类、生活史、栖息地偏好和觅食范围。

{"title":"Bird and bat diversity, herbivory and trade-offs with yield in coffee agroforests in Arabica coffee’s native range","authors":"A.J.M. Tack , H.F. Burger , H. Wood , B. Zewdie , T. Shimales , B. Ayalew , E. Mendesil , K. Hylander","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroforestry systems have the potential to provide benefits for conservation, natural pest control and farmer livelihoods. Yet, we need a clearer understanding of how environmental drivers shape different components of biodiversity, how these biodiversity components contribute to suppressing pest levels, and how biodiversity trades off with yield. We focused on the diversity and role of birds and bats across different types of coffee farms in Arabica coffee’s native range in southwestern Ethiopia. While elevation, canopy cover, shade tree community composition and surrounding forest cover did not explain bird and bat species richness, the composition of the bird and bat community was significantly influenced by the composition of the shade tree community. Herbivory was unrelated to the species richness and community composition of insectivorous birds and bats. We found no trade-off between bird and bat species richness and coffee yield, but the composition of the bird, but not bat, community changed with increasing yield, where forest specialist birds rapidly declined in abundance from low to mid-yielding sites. Overall, we suggest that the similar levels of bird and bat species richness and an absence of a relationship with herbivory across different types of agroforests are due to the diverse mosaic agricultural landscape and lack of agroforests with very high management intensities (which are common in other parts of the world). From a conservation point of view, intensification of coffee management in the lowest-yielding sites would threaten biodiversity in terms of forest specialist birds. However, is it also important to learn more on the potential positive roles of biodiversity in those parts of the landscape where coffee is managed for high yields. From both a conservation and sustainable management point of view we urgently need more insights into the taxonomy, life-history, habitat preferences and foraging ranges of East African bats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 71-80"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The impact of submontane meadows management on the structure of millipede (Diplopoda) communities 亚山地草甸管理对千足虫群落结构的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.002

Slavomír Stašiov , Andrea Diviaková , Vladimír Pätoprstý , Marek Svitok

Semi-natural submontane meadows are biodiversity-rich habitats that require appropriate management for conservation; however the effects of management on millipede communities remain understudied. We investigated millipede communities across 30 plots in mowed, grazed, and abandoned meadows at 10 localities in central Slovakia using pitfall traps in 2018. In total, 705 individuals from 15 species were collected. Mowed meadows had the highest average activity density (43.4 individuals), species richness (5.6 species), and Shannon diversity (H = 1.32), followed by grazed meadows. In contrast, abandoned meadows showed the lowest average values (9.6 individuals, 2.9 species, H = 0.83). Species composition differed across habitat types, with Megaphyllum projectum favouring grazed meadows and Unciger transsilvanicus and Mastigona bosniensis preferring managed meadows (mowed and grazed), and Glomeris tetrasticha was more abundant in abandoned meadows. Plot area and distance to continuous forest were identified as significant predictors of community composition. Millipede activity density increased with plot area but declined with increasing distance from continuous forest. Species richness also showed a positive relationship with plot area but decreased with higher soil nitrogen content. Soil nitrogen further had a negative effect on Shannon diversity, whereas solar radiation exerted a positive influence. Mowing emerged as the most suitable management practice, whereas grazing and abandonment were less favourable.

半自然的山地草甸是生物多样性丰富的栖息地，需要适当的管理和保护；然而，管理对千足虫群落的影响仍未得到充分研究。2018年，我们使用陷阱调查了斯洛伐克中部10个地区30块刈割、放牧和废弃草地上的千足虫群落。共采集到15种705株。刈割草地的平均活动密度最高（43.4个），物种丰富度最高（5.6个），Shannon多样性最高（H = 1.32）；弃置草甸的平均值最低（9.6个，2.9种，H = 0.83）。不同生境类型的物种组成存在差异，项目巨穗草（Megaphyllum projectum）倾向于放牧草地，transsilvanicus和Mastigona bosniensis倾向于管理草地（修剪和放牧），而tetrasticha在废弃草地中更为丰富。样地面积和到连续林的距离是群落组成的重要预测因子。千足虫活动密度随样地面积的增加而增加，随距连片林距离的增加而降低。物种丰富度也与样地面积呈正相关，但随土壤含氮量的增加而降低。土壤氮对Shannon多样性有负向影响，而太阳辐射对Shannon多样性有正向影响。割草成为最合适的管理方法，而放牧和放弃则不太有利。

{"title":"The impact of submontane meadows management on the structure of millipede (Diplopoda) communities","authors":"Slavomír Stašiov , Andrea Diviaková , Vladimír Pätoprstý , Marek Svitok","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Semi-natural submontane meadows are biodiversity-rich habitats that require appropriate management for conservation; however the effects of management on millipede communities remain understudied. We investigated millipede communities across 30 plots in mowed, grazed, and abandoned meadows at 10 localities in central Slovakia using pitfall traps in 2018. In total, 705 individuals from 15 species were collected. Mowed meadows had the highest average activity density (43.4 individuals), species richness (5.6 species), and Shannon diversity (<em>H</em> = 1.32), followed by grazed meadows. In contrast, abandoned meadows showed the lowest average values (9.6 individuals, 2.9 species, <em>H</em> = 0.83). Species composition differed across habitat types, with <em>Megaphyllum projectum</em> favouring grazed meadows and <em>Unciger transsilvanicus</em> and <em>Mastigona bosniensis</em> preferring managed meadows (mowed and grazed), and <em>Glomeris tetrasticha</em> was more abundant in abandoned meadows. Plot area and distance to continuous forest were identified as significant predictors of community composition. Millipede activity density increased with plot area but declined with increasing distance from continuous forest. Species richness also showed a positive relationship with plot area but decreased with higher soil nitrogen content. Soil nitrogen further had a negative effect on Shannon diversity, whereas solar radiation exerted a positive influence. Mowing emerged as the most suitable management practice, whereas grazing and abandonment were less favourable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying risk factors for the rare, endangered fen orchid Liparis loeselii in NE Germany with a fresh approach 用一种新的方法确定德国东北部稀有濒危凤兰Liparis loeselii的危险因素

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.001

Kai Hobritz , Franziska Tanneberger , Johannes Metz

Fen mires are one of the most threatened habitats in Central Europe and harbor numerous specialized plant species. One of these species is the fen orchid Liparis loeselii, which is threatened and declining in most European inland fens. However, the risk factors driving the species’ decline are poorly understood. We therefore studied vegetation structure, species composition, and abiotic conditions at 17 current sites with extant and 11 former sites with extinct populations in north-eastern Germany. The methodological challenges posed by the patchiness and rarity of the species were tackled with a fresh approach that combined systematically random plots (assessing common, average habitat conditions) with selectively placed plots (targeting L. loeselii microhabitats). Compared to current sites, former sites of extinct populations were characterized by lower moisture, higher peat degradation, higher nutrient availability, lower moss and herb cover, higher abundancies of nitrophytes and common grassland species, and less fen specialist species. Similar differences emerged between average habitat conditions and L. loeselii microhabitats; and the latter furthermore featured lower vegetation height, higher light availability, and higher proportions of bare soil. Our study indicates that the main risk factors for L. loeselii in our study region resulted from enhanced fen degradation, where lowered water tables due to drainage or drought degraded the upper peat layers and released nutrients. This changed the species composition toward taller, more competitive species which increased shading, litter cover, and limited open patches and brown mosses, ultimately leading to local extinctions. It is therefore crucial that permanently high water tables are maintained or restored to protect L. loeselii – and fen mires in general. Our approach proved successful with only moderate sample size and may facilitate investigating other rare species.

沼泽是中欧最受威胁的栖息地之一，有许多特殊的植物物种。其中一种是凤兰Liparis loeselii，它在大多数欧洲内陆沼泽中受到威胁并正在减少。然而，导致物种减少的风险因素却知之甚少。因此，我们研究了德国东北部17个现存种群遗址和11个灭绝种群遗址的植被结构、物种组成和非生物条件。研究人员采用了一种新的方法，将系统随机样地（评估常见的、平均的生境条件）与选择性放置样地（针对黄叶松的微生境）相结合，解决了物种的斑块性和稀有性带来的方法学挑战。与现有遗址相比，灭绝种群前遗址具有湿度较低、泥炭退化程度较高、养分有效性较高、苔藓和草本覆盖较低、硝化植物和普通草地物种丰富度较高、特殊物种较少的特点。平均生境条件与微生境之间也存在类似差异；后者植被高度较低，光有效度较高，裸土比例较高。本研究表明，研究区黄泥炭的主要危险因素是沼泽退化加剧，由于排水或干旱导致地下水位下降，上层泥炭层退化并释放养分。这使得物种组成向更高、更具竞争力的物种转变，增加了遮荫、凋落物覆盖、有限的开阔斑块和棕色苔藓，最终导致局部灭绝。因此，保持或恢复永久的高地下水位对保护黄沙草和一般的沼泽是至关重要的。我们的方法被证明是成功的，只有适度的样本量，可能有助于研究其他稀有物种。

{"title":"Identifying risk factors for the rare, endangered fen orchid Liparis loeselii in NE Germany with a fresh approach","authors":"Kai Hobritz , Franziska Tanneberger , Johannes Metz","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fen mires are one of the most threatened habitats in Central Europe and harbor numerous specialized plant species. One of these species is the fen orchid <em>Liparis loeselii</em>, which is threatened and declining in most European inland fens. However, the risk factors driving the species’ decline are poorly understood. We therefore studied vegetation structure, species composition, and abiotic conditions at 17 current sites with extant and 11 former sites with extinct populations in north-eastern Germany. The methodological challenges posed by the patchiness and rarity of the species were tackled with a fresh approach that combined systematically random plots (assessing common, average habitat conditions) with selectively placed plots (targeting L. <em>loeselii</em> microhabitats). Compared to current sites, former sites of extinct populations were characterized by lower moisture, higher peat degradation, higher nutrient availability, lower moss and herb cover, higher abundancies of nitrophytes and common grassland species, and less fen specialist species. Similar differences emerged between average habitat conditions and L. <em>loeselii</em> microhabitats; and the latter furthermore featured lower vegetation height, higher light availability, and higher proportions of bare soil. Our study indicates that the main risk factors for L. <em>loeselii</em> in our study region resulted from enhanced fen degradation, where lowered water tables due to drainage or drought degraded the upper peat layers and released nutrients. This changed the species composition toward taller, more competitive species which increased shading, litter cover, and limited open patches and brown mosses, ultimately leading to local extinctions. It is therefore crucial that permanently high water tables are maintained or restored to protect L. <em>loeselii</em> – and fen mires in general. Our approach proved successful with only moderate sample size and may facilitate investigating other rare species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Pages 72-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nematode diversity loss and community change in urban green spaces explained by alterations in soil pore structure and chemical properties 土壤孔隙结构和化学性质变化解释城市绿地线虫多样性丧失和群落变化

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.008

Justin Louis Kafana Coulibaly , Xin Gong , Alexis Kayiranga , Huayuan Shangguan , Yanbo Chen , Xiuling Yu , Saichao Zhang , Shasha Hu , An Xie , Taha Ahmed Mohamed , Nico Eisenhauer , Xin Sun

Due to various urban stressors, urban green spaces often fail to maintain soil biodiversity when compared to natural forests. Previous studies attributed this reduction to chemical changes in the soil. However, many human activities in urban environments can lead to soil compaction and changes in soil pore structure, which have been poorly investigated. Here, we compared the diversity of nematode communities, a key indicator of soil health, in soils collected from natural forests and urban green spaces (parks and green belts). We characterized pore structures using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) alongside chemical properties, to assess the contribution of these soil changes to variations in nematode communities. Our findings revealed significant changes in soil chemical properties (mainly in soil pH) and a substantial loss of soil porosity by 84.88 % in urban green spaces, accompanied by fragmentation of the morphology of habitable pore space. Specifically, the volume of soil pores decreased by over 95 %, with a decline in the proportion of macropores (over 79 %) and a more than 160 % increase in mesopores. These physical alterations, driven by urbanization intensity, negatively affected nematode communities, leading to significant declines in community diversity, shifts in community composition, and reduced network complexity. Importantly, changes in soil pore structure were as critical as chemical properties in explaining the effects of urbanization on nematodes. This study provides guidance for urban planning and management, focusing on improving soil chemical and physical characteristics to preserve soil biodiversity and ecological resilience in urban environments.

由于各种城市压力因素，与天然林相比，城市绿地往往无法维持土壤生物多样性。以前的研究将这种减少归因于土壤中的化学变化。然而，城市环境中的许多人类活动会导致土壤压实和土壤孔隙结构的变化，这方面的研究很少。在这里，我们比较了从天然森林和城市绿地（公园和绿化带）收集的土壤中线虫群落的多样性，这是土壤健康的一个关键指标。我们使用微计算机断层扫描（Micro-CT）和化学性质来表征孔隙结构，以评估这些土壤变化对线虫群落变化的贡献。研究结果表明，城市绿地土壤化学性质（主要是土壤pH值）发生了显著变化，土壤孔隙度大幅减少84.88%，并伴有可居住孔隙空间形态的破碎化。其中，土壤孔隙体积减少95%以上，其中大孔比例下降79%以上，中孔比例增加160%以上。这些由城市化强度驱动的物理变化对线虫群落产生了负面影响，导致群落多样性显著下降，群落组成发生变化，网络复杂性降低。重要的是，在解释城市化对线虫的影响时，土壤孔隙结构的变化与化学性质一样重要。该研究为城市规划和管理提供指导，重点关注改善土壤化学和物理特性，以保持城市环境中土壤的生物多样性和生态弹性。

{"title":"Nematode diversity loss and community change in urban green spaces explained by alterations in soil pore structure and chemical properties","authors":"Justin Louis Kafana Coulibaly , Xin Gong , Alexis Kayiranga , Huayuan Shangguan , Yanbo Chen , Xiuling Yu , Saichao Zhang , Shasha Hu , An Xie , Taha Ahmed Mohamed , Nico Eisenhauer , Xin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.08.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to various urban stressors, urban green spaces often fail to maintain soil biodiversity when compared to natural forests. Previous studies attributed this reduction to chemical changes in the soil. However, many human activities in urban environments can lead to soil compaction and changes in soil pore structure, which have been poorly investigated. Here, we compared the diversity of nematode communities, a key indicator of soil health, in soils collected from natural forests and urban green spaces (parks and green belts). We characterized pore structures using micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) alongside chemical properties, to assess the contribution of these soil changes to variations in nematode communities. Our findings revealed significant changes in soil chemical properties (mainly in soil pH) and a substantial loss of soil porosity by 84.88 % in urban green spaces, accompanied by fragmentation of the morphology of habitable pore space. Specifically, the volume of soil pores decreased by over 95 %, with a decline in the proportion of macropores (over 79 %) and a more than 160 % increase in mesopores. These physical alterations, driven by urbanization intensity, negatively affected nematode communities, leading to significant declines in community diversity, shifts in community composition, and reduced network complexity. Importantly, changes in soil pore structure were as critical as chemical properties in explaining the effects of urbanization on nematodes. This study provides guidance for urban planning and management, focusing on improving soil chemical and physical characteristics to preserve soil biodiversity and ecological resilience in urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145323605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0