Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献_第4页

Bird and bat diversity, herbivory and trade-offs with yield in coffee agroforests in Arabica coffee’s native range 鸟和蝙蝠的多样性，草食和权衡与产量在咖啡农林业在阿拉比卡咖啡的本土范围

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.09.003

A.J.M. Tack , H.F. Burger , H. Wood , B. Zewdie , T. Shimales , B. Ayalew , E. Mendesil , K. Hylander

Agroforestry systems have the potential to provide benefits for conservation, natural pest control and farmer livelihoods. Yet, we need a clearer understanding of how environmental drivers shape different components of biodiversity, how these biodiversity components contribute to suppressing pest levels, and how biodiversity trades off with yield. We focused on the diversity and role of birds and bats across different types of coffee farms in Arabica coffee’s native range in southwestern Ethiopia. While elevation, canopy cover, shade tree community composition and surrounding forest cover did not explain bird and bat species richness, the composition of the bird and bat community was significantly influenced by the composition of the shade tree community. Herbivory was unrelated to the species richness and community composition of insectivorous birds and bats. We found no trade-off between bird and bat species richness and coffee yield, but the composition of the bird, but not bat, community changed with increasing yield, where forest specialist birds rapidly declined in abundance from low to mid-yielding sites. Overall, we suggest that the similar levels of bird and bat species richness and an absence of a relationship with herbivory across different types of agroforests are due to the diverse mosaic agricultural landscape and lack of agroforests with very high management intensities (which are common in other parts of the world). From a conservation point of view, intensification of coffee management in the lowest-yielding sites would threaten biodiversity in terms of forest specialist birds. However, is it also important to learn more on the potential positive roles of biodiversity in those parts of the landscape where coffee is managed for high yields. From both a conservation and sustainable management point of view we urgently need more insights into the taxonomy, life-history, habitat preferences and foraging ranges of East African bats.

农林复合系统有可能为保护、自然病虫害防治和农民生计带来好处。然而，我们需要更清楚地了解环境驱动因素如何塑造生物多样性的不同组成部分，这些生物多样性组成部分如何有助于抑制害虫水平，以及生物多样性如何与产量进行权衡。我们关注的是埃塞俄比亚西南部阿拉比卡咖啡原产地不同类型咖啡农场中鸟类和蝙蝠的多样性和作用。高程、冠层盖度、遮荫乔木群落组成和周围森林覆盖不能解释鸟类和蝙蝠物种丰富度，但遮荫乔木群落组成对鸟类和蝙蝠群落组成有显著影响。食草性与食虫鸟类和蝙蝠的物种丰富度和群落组成无关。我们发现鸟类和蝙蝠的物种丰富度与咖啡产量之间没有权衡关系，但鸟类（而不是蝙蝠）的群落组成随着产量的增加而变化，森林专业鸟类的丰度从低产地迅速下降到中产地。总体而言，我们认为不同类型农林业中鸟类和蝙蝠物种丰富度水平相似，且与草食缺乏关系，这是由于多样化的马赛克农业景观和缺乏非常高管理强度的农林业（这在世界其他地区很常见）。从保护的角度来看，在最低产量地区加强咖啡管理将威胁到森林专用鸟类的生物多样性。然而，更多地了解生物多样性在咖啡高产地区的潜在积极作用也很重要。从保护和可持续管理的角度来看，我们迫切需要更多地了解东非蝙蝠的分类、生活史、栖息地偏好和觅食范围。

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引用次数: 0

The impact of climate, local habitat, surrounding landscape and management on coffee wilt disease and Armillaria root rot on Arabica coffee in its native range 气候、当地生境、周边景观和管理对阿拉比卡咖啡原生地区咖啡枯萎病和蜜环菌根腐病的影响

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.005

Biruk Ayalew , Kristoffer Hylander , Beyene Zewdie , Francesco Zignol , Ayco J.M. Tack

Climate change is predicted to lower yields through increased disease pressure. Yet, we often lack insights into how climate affects disease dynamics, and how we can manage the environment to reduce the impact of climate change. This knowledge gap is especially prominent for stem and root diseases that concern smallholder farmers in low-income countries. To provide insights into the patterns and drivers of stem and root diseases, and how they will be affected by climate change, we surveyed the prevalence and incidence of a major stem (coffee wilt disease; Gibberella xylarioides) and root disease (Armillaria root rot; Armillaria mellea) attacking Arabica coffee in 58 sites in southwestern Ethiopia, and simultaneously recorded climatic, habitat, spatial and management variables. Coffee wilt disease was found in all but four sites, and the incidence of coffee wilt disease was positively affected by temperature and soil moisture, negatively affected by coffee density and lower in sites with a more forest-like shade tree species composition. Armillaria root rot was found in 29 out of 58 sites. While none of the factors explained the prevalence of Armillaria root rot, Armillaria root rot incidence was, in contrast to coffee wilt disease, negatively affected by temperature. Armillaria root rot was positively affected by soil moisture and surrounding forest cover. Canopy cover affected the two diseases through opposing direct and indirect pathways, resulting in non-significant total effects. Neither of the two diseases was affected by coffee structure index (reflecting e.g. pruning), the proportion of coffee berry disease resistant cultivars, or each other’s presence. Overall, our findings shed light on the patterns and drivers of stem and root diseases, and provide management guidelines to reduce the devastating impact of these diseases for smallholder farmers.

预计气候变化会增加病害压力，从而降低产量。然而，我们往往缺乏对气候如何影响疾病动态的认识，以及我们如何管理环境以减少气候变化的影响。这种知识差距对于低收入国家小农所涉及的茎和根疾病尤其突出。为了深入了解气候变化对咖啡豆茎、根病害的影响模式和驱动因素，我们调查了埃塞俄比亚西南部58个地区阿拉比卡咖啡的主要茎（咖啡枯萎病）和根病（蜜环菌根腐病）的流行情况和发病率，同时记录了气候、生境、空间和管理变量。除4个样地外，其余样地均发现了咖啡枯萎病，并且咖啡枯萎病的发病率与温度和土壤湿度呈正相关，与咖啡密度负相关，在林型遮荫树种组成较多的样地发病率较低。58个地点中29个发现蜜环菌根腐病。虽然这些因素都不能解释蜜环菌根腐病的流行，但与咖啡枯萎病相比，蜜环菌根腐病的发病率受温度的负影响。土壤湿度和周围森林覆盖对蜜环菌根腐病有正向影响。林冠覆盖通过相反的直接和间接途径影响两种疾病，总效应不显著。两种病害均不受咖啡结构指数（反映如修剪）、咖啡莓抗病品种比例或彼此存在的影响。总的来说，我们的研究结果揭示了茎和根疾病的模式和驱动因素，并提供了管理指南，以减少这些疾病对小农的破坏性影响。

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引用次数: 0

Native and alien plant species respond differently to landscape and local factors shaping spontaneous herbaceous vegetation in villages 原生和外来植物物种对景观和当地因素的反应不同，形成了村庄的自然草本植被

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.006

Katalin Szitár , Balázs Deák , Erzsébet Domokos , Róbert Gallé , Dávid Korányi , Tamás Lakatos , Zoltán László , Attila Mátis , Zsombor Miholcsa , Katalin Molnár , Dragica Purger , Dorottya Sándor , László Somay , Gabriella Süle , Edina Török , István Urák , Orsolya Valkó , Péter Batáry

Most urban ecological research focuses on large cities, while smaller settlements remain understudied despite hosting a significant share of both human population and biodiversity. Their unique characteristics, such as lower sealed surface ratio and stronger ties to rural landscapes – highlighting the importance of the wider landscape-scale context – may lead to different ecological dynamics and require tailored planning and management. Here, we investigated how species composition of spontaneous herbaceous vegetation in villages is influenced by landscape-scale and local factors, with particular focus on native, archaeophyte and neophyte species. In 2022, we surveyed vegetation in 64 villages in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary and Romania), sampling public green areas at village centres and edges in contrasting landscape contexts (villages in city agglomeration vs. far from cities, and in semi-natural forested vs. agricultural landscapes). We recorded species richness and relative cover, along with local factors like shading, disturbance, mowing, green area shape, solar radiation, and built-up age. Native species richness was highest at village edges in semi-natural landscapes, whereas archaeophyte cover peaked in villages embedded in agricultural landscapes. Neophyte richness was consistently higher at village edges, regardless of landscape context. Locally, shading increased both neophyte richness and cover. Older settlements promoted higher native richness and cover but resulted in lower archaeophyte cover. Conversely, disturbance reduced native cover while enhancing archaeophyte cover. The divergent responses of the three species groups to landscape and local-scale factors underscore the importance of integrating both landscape-scale planning and local management in managing native and alien species in village green areas.

大多数城市生态研究都集中在大城市，而较小的定居点尽管拥有大量人口和生物多样性，但仍未得到充分研究。它们的独特特征，如较低的密封面比和与农村景观的更强联系——突出了更广泛的景观尺度背景的重要性——可能导致不同的生态动态，需要量身定制的规划和管理。本文研究了乡村自然草本植被的物种组成如何受到景观尺度和局地因素的影响，重点研究了原生植物、古生植物和新生植物。2022年，我们对喀尔巴阡盆地（匈牙利和罗马尼亚）64个村庄的植被进行了调查，在不同的景观背景下（城市群中的村庄与远离城市的村庄，半自然森林与农业景观），对村庄中心和边缘的公共绿地进行了采样。我们记录了物种丰富度和相对覆盖度，以及遮荫、干扰、刈割、绿地形状、太阳辐射和建筑年龄等局地因素。在半自然景观中，原生物种丰富度在村庄边缘最高，而在嵌入农业景观的村庄中，原生植物覆盖最高。无论景观背景如何，村庄边缘的新生植物丰富度始终较高。局部遮荫增加了新生植物的丰富度和覆盖度。较老的聚落促进了较高的原生丰富度和覆盖度，但导致了较低的古植物覆盖度。相反，干扰减少了原生植物的覆盖，增加了古植物的覆盖。这三种物种对景观和地方尺度因素的不同反应强调了将景观尺度规划和地方管理结合起来管理乡村绿地本地和外来物种的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Towards precision grazing: Spatio-temporal dynamics of the relation between cattle, vegetation, and arthropods 走向精准放牧：牛、植被和节肢动物关系的时空动态

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.011

Frank Jauker , Dina Hamidi , Christoph Hütt , Kevin Baumann , Martin Komainda , Andreas Bolten , Georg Bareth , Johannes Isselstein , Volkmar Wolters

Domestic livestock has largely replaced native mega-herbivores in shaping and maintaining grassland ecosystems and their function in temperate Europe. Because livestock grazing affects grassland biodiversity and functioning differently compared to free roaming large grazers, management adjustments are required to approximate natural processes as closely as possible without causing major economic losses. The spatiotemporal precision of remote sensing technology available today opens up opportunities to align agronomic and environmental interests. We evaluate the spatiotemporal scales at which cattle presence modulates vegetation biomass and the abundance of various arthropod taxa. We relate arthropod abundances and vegetation biomass to both static (stocking density at the field level) and dynamic (cattle presence in consecutive days before sampling at sub-field levels) grazing intensity in an extensive grazing system in central Germany. Grazing intensity at the field scale was a poor predictor of arthropod abundance, indicating a weak link to small-scale spatial heterogeneity, i.e. the major driver of local arthropod biodiversity. In contrast, most arthropod taxa responded more strongly to the presence of cattle than to the vegetation status across all spatiotemporal scales. This relationship was positive throughout. The relevance of temporal heterogeneity in the presence of cattle as a key driver of spatial heterogeneity makes a striking point for cattle ecosystem engineering. Accounting for temporal variability opens a promising approach to precision grazing that balances economic and environmental interests.

在欧洲温带地区，家畜在塑造和维持草原生态系统及其功能方面已经在很大程度上取代了本土的大型食草动物。由于放牧牲畜对草地生物多样性和功能的影响与自由放牧的大型放牧动物不同，因此需要进行管理调整，在不造成重大经济损失的情况下尽可能接近自然过程。目前可用的遥感技术的时空精度为协调农业和环境利益提供了机会。我们评估了牛的存在调节植被生物量和各种节肢动物类群丰度的时空尺度。在德国中部的一个粗放型放牧系统中，我们将节肢动物丰度和植被生物量与静态（野外水平的放养密度）和动态（采样前连续几天的牛群数量）放牧强度联系起来。在野外尺度上，放牧强度对节肢动物丰度的预测效果较差，表明其与小尺度空间异质性的关联较弱，即是当地节肢动物生物多样性的主要驱动因素。相比之下，在所有时空尺度上，大多数节肢动物类群对牛的存在比对植被状况的反应更强烈。这种关系始终是积极的。牛存在时的时间异质性作为空间异质性的关键驱动因素的相关性为牛生态系统工程提供了一个引人注目的观点。考虑到时间的变化，为平衡经济和环境利益的精确放牧开辟了一条有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Assessing the vitality of Norway maple trees in an urban setting near streets within pits and strips using morphological and ecophysiological methods 利用形态学和生态生理学方法评估挪威枫树在城市环境中靠近街道的活力

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.003

Tamalika Chakraborty , Diana Kramer , Ferdinand Betting , Somidh Saha

Climate change-related stressors are leading to early tree deaths in cities worldwide, often before they reach their expected sizes. This study assessed the health of Norway maples (Acer platanoides L.), the most common urban tree in central Europe, in Karlsruhe, Germany. We combined observational and experimental methods at several street sites, comparing tree vitality in different site types (pits vs. strips) near streets. We also explored how various biotic and abiotic factors impacted tree health. During the 2022 growing season, we collected data on morphology, eco-physiology, and environmental conditions from 235 randomly chosen trees across two site types. For each tree, we calculated leaf area index (LAI), building index (reflecting neighboring building competition), and Hegyi’s competition index (indicating competition from nearby trees). Using generalized linear models and linear mixed-effects models, we analyzed the influence of factors such as pit vs. strip location, crown height, distance to roads, light exposure, vegetation cover, competition indices, crown volume, pruning, and others on traits including leaf area, crown projection, crown openness, crown loss, dieback, discoloration, sun scald, epicormic shoots, stomatal conductance, and electron transport rate. Trees in strips had, on average, five times more open surface area than those in pits. Site types (pits vs. strips) had a statistically significant impact on variables such as crown dieback, discoloration, and sun scald. Dieback, leaf discoloration, and crown openness were notably higher in pits. Neighborhood tree competition reduced crown projection and density, increased crown loss, and prevented sun scalding. Vegetation cover reduced crown loss and stomatal conductance. High light exposure negatively impacted most measured variables. Overall, the study highlights the need for a comprehensive arboricultural approach to understand and manage urban trees. It seeks to balance canopy size and density to optimize cooling and shading benefits while maintaining tree health.

与气候变化相关的压力因素正在导致世界各地城市的树木过早死亡，通常在它们达到预期的大小之前。本研究评估了挪威枫（Acer platanoides L.）的健康状况，挪威枫是中欧最常见的城市树木，在德国卡尔斯鲁厄。我们将观察和实验方法结合在几个街道站点上，比较了街道附近不同站点类型（坑状和带状）的树木活力。我们还探讨了各种生物和非生物因素如何影响树木的健康。在2022年的生长季节，我们收集了两种站点类型中235棵随机选择的树木的形态学、生态生理学和环境条件数据。对于每棵树，我们计算叶面积指数（LAI）、建筑指数（反映邻近建筑的竞争）和鹤夷的竞争指数（表明来自附近树木的竞争）。利用广义线性模型和线性混合效应模型，分析了坑与条位置、树冠高度、与道路的距离、光照、植被覆盖、竞争指数、树冠体积、修剪等因素对叶面积、树冠投影、树冠开度、树冠损失、枯死、变色、日晒、外生芽、气孔导度和电子传输速率的影响。条形树木的平均开放面积是坑形树木的5倍。地点类型（坑状vs条状）对诸如树冠枯死、变色和晒伤等变量有统计学上显著的影响。枯死、叶片变色和树冠开度在坑内明显较高。邻近树木的竞争降低了树冠投影和密度，增加了树冠损失，防止了日晒。植被覆盖降低了树冠损失和气孔导度。高光暴露对大多数测量变量产生负面影响。总体而言，该研究强调需要一种全面的树木学方法来理解和管理城市树木。它寻求平衡树冠的大小和密度，以优化冷却和遮阳的好处，同时保持树木的健康。

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引用次数: 0

Testing the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis – managed roe deer populations are not disrupting forest faunal communities 测试中间干扰假设-管理狍种群没有破坏森林动物群落

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.001

Sebastian Schwegmann , João M. Cordeiro Pereira , Marco Basile , Marlotte Jonker , Nolan J. Rappa , Riko Fardiansah , Ilse Storch , Manisha Bhardwaj

Large herbivores, such as deer, are keystone species in forest ecosystems due to their diverse effects on forest structure, as well as plant and faunal communities. While in production forests deer are often considered pest species due to the browsing impact on woody vegetation, deer are disturbance agents for forest ecosystems as a whole, as their presence and density can influence other trophic levels, while also providing ecosystem services. The effects of deer on ecosystems can be expected to follow the intermediate-disturbance hypothesis (IDH), whereby there is a positive influence on biodiversity up to intermediate deer densities, turning negative at higher densities. To date, most field studies tend to explore either linear effects of deer on the environment, or populations that have extremely high densities, thus ignoring the potential non-linear relationship between deer species and the forest ecosystem. This may lead to the notion that deer are problematic for the conservation of forest biodiversity. To address this gap, we explore the non-linear effect of roe deer densities on the abundance and diversity of multiple faunistic groups including invertebrates, birds, bats and hares, in managed forests of the Black Forest, Germany. Our findings partly support the IDH, as most taxa were either positively related to intermediate roe deer abundances in our system or did not respond to deer abundances. In contrast to the prevalent image of deer as a threat to forest biodiversity, we find few taxa that are negatively affected by roe deer. Conversely, we find that roe deer at low to intermediate population densities may contribute to maintaining forest communities, as with hymenopterans, birds and spiders.

大型食草动物，如鹿，是森林生态系统的关键物种，因为它们对森林结构以及动植物群落有不同的影响。虽然在生产森林中，由于对木本植被的啃食影响，鹿通常被视为有害物种，但鹿是整个森林生态系统的干扰因子，因为它们的存在和密度可以影响其他营养水平，同时也提供生态系统服务。鹿群对生态系统的影响遵循中间干扰假说（IDH），即在中等密度范围内，鹿群对生物多样性的影响为正，而在较高密度范围内，鹿群对生物多样性的影响为负。迄今为止，大多数实地研究倾向于探索鹿对环境的线性影响，或具有极高密度的种群，从而忽略了鹿物种与森林生态系统之间潜在的非线性关系。这可能会导致鹿对保护森林生物多样性有问题的观念。为了解决这一差距，我们在德国黑森林的管理森林中探讨了狍密度对包括无脊椎动物、鸟类、蝙蝠和野兔在内的多种动物群的丰度和多样性的非线性影响。我们的研究结果在一定程度上支持了IDH，因为我们的系统中大多数分类群要么与中间狍丰度呈正相关，要么对鹿丰度没有反应。与鹿对森林生物多样性构成威胁的普遍形象相反，我们发现很少有分类群受到狍的负面影响。相反，我们发现低至中等种群密度的狍可能有助于维持森林群落，如膜翅目昆虫，鸟类和蜘蛛。

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引用次数: 0

Introducing fwtraits – an R package for obtaining freshwater biodiversity trait information 引入fwtraits -一个获取淡水生物多样性性状信息的R包

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.010

Anthony Basooma , Florian Borgwardt , Sami Domisch , Merret Buurman , Vanessa Bremerich , Sonia Steffany Recinos Brizuela , Martin Tschikof , Thomas Hein , Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber

Species ecological parameters are crucial for understanding the functional responses to environmental perturbations, aiding in informing conservation strategies and formulating robust environmental policies. However, obtaining standardized species ecological parameters across various freshwater organism groups remains challenging for ecologists. The www.freshwaterecology.info database (hereafter referred to as “FWE”) provides an extensive repository of approximately 200 parameters, including biological traits, ecological preferences, and indicators for five freshwater organism groups: fishes, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, phytoplankton, and phytobenthos. While the database represents an invaluable resource for ecological research, integrating these manifold parameters into analysis workflows still requires users to manually search, download, and organize data. This process is time-intensive and error-prone.

To address these challenges, we present fwtraits, an R package that supports the integration of freshwater ecological parameters from FWE into analysis workflows. We demonstrate the package's usability by assessing the influence of climatic indicators on lotic fish species assemblages using community weighted means (CWMs). We selected four ecological parameters (habitat (rheophily), feeding habitat, feeding diet for adult fish, and temperature tolerance) and assessed spatial variation in these modalities across European river catchments. We observed high CWMs on less resilient modalities, such as stenothermal and rheophilic taxa (which thrive in fast-flowing waters) in the northern river basins. This enables the identification of critical habitats for threatened species, which in turn helps in conserving freshwater biodiversity. fwtraits can be used to access ecological parameters in a simple and reproducible way. To support users, we have integrated detailed vignettes—available on GitHub—that illustrate the data retrieval process for each of the five organism groups and integration in biogeographical analysis workflows.

物种生态参数对于理解对环境扰动的功能响应至关重要，有助于为保护策略和制定稳健的环境政策提供信息。然而，对生态学家来说，获得各种淡水生物类群的标准化物种生态参数仍然是一个挑战。www.freshwaterecology.info数据库（以下简称“FWE”）提供了大约200个参数的广泛存储库，包括生物特征、生态偏好和五个淡水生物群体的指标：鱼类、大型无脊椎动物、大型植物、浮游植物和底栖植物。虽然数据库代表了生态研究的宝贵资源，但将这些多种参数集成到分析工作流程中仍然需要用户手动搜索，下载和组织数据。这个过程耗时且容易出错。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了fwtraits，这是一个支持将淡水生态参数从FWE集成到分析工作流程中的R包。我们通过使用群落加权方法（CWMs）评估气候指标对lotic鱼类物种组合的影响来证明该软件包的可用性。我们选择了四个生态参数（栖息地（流变性）、饵料栖息地、成鱼饵料和温度耐受性），并评估了这些模式在欧洲河流流域的空间变化。我们观察到，在适应性较差的模式下，如北部河流流域的低温和嗜流分类群（在快速流动的水域中茁壮成长），CWMs较高。这有助于确定受威胁物种的关键栖息地，从而有助于保护淡水生物多样性。Fwtraits可以以一种简单和可复制的方式来获取生态参数。为了支持用户，我们在github上集成了详细的插图，说明了五个生物群体的数据检索过程，并集成在生物地理分析工作流程中。

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引用次数: 0

Landscape and grazing management affect dung beetle communities in California 景观和放牧管理影响着加利福尼亚的蜣螂群落

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.012

Suzanne Lipton , Paul E. Skelley , Stacy M. Philpott

Agroecosystem management can have large impacts on arthropod communities, with downstream consequences for ecosystem function. In grazed agroecosystems, dung beetle nesting and consumption activities contribute to critical ecosystem services such as aerating soils, dispersing seeds, suppressing pathogens, decreasing fly eggs, decreasing dung greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing nutrients in the soil. Grassland grazing management as well as the landscape cover surrounding a grassland can impact dung beetle abundance and diversity with implications for downstream ecosystem function. One third of California is grazed by livestock, however, there are few studies of dung beetles in these agroecosystems. Our study examines the effect of grazing management, including the time spent grazing and animal density (the number of days grazed and number of animals), as well as how landscape cover, including surrounding grasslands, forests, and wetlands, affect dung beetle abundance and richness. We also examined how seasonality or temperature and the year in which we sampled affect dung beetle communities. We found that grazing management affects richness. While increases in the number of days grazed was associated with higher dung beetle species richness, we found that increased grazing density was associated with lower dung beetle species richness, showing that increasing grazing density may have a detrimental effect on richness. We also found that the amount of wetland cover in the landscape was positively associated with abundance and species richness, and grassland cover was positively associated with species richness. Dung beetle abundance did not shift by year, but did shift with sample time, while dung beetle richness shifted with year and sample time. Our results differed by beetle functional type and species. The results demonstrate the importance of both local disturbances and more permanent landscape surroundings for arthropod communities in agroecosystems.

农业生态系统管理可对节肢动物群落产生重大影响，并对生态系统功能产生下游影响。在放牧的农业生态系统中，屎壳郎筑巢和消费活动有助于提供关键的生态系统服务，如给土壤通风、传播种子、抑制病原体、减少蝇卵、减少粪便温室气体排放和增加土壤养分。草地放牧管理和草地周围的景观覆盖会影响屎壳虫的丰度和多样性，并对下游生态系统功能产生影响。加州三分之一的土地被牲畜放牧，然而，在这些农业生态系统中很少有关于屎壳郎的研究。我们的研究考察了放牧管理的影响，包括放牧时间和动物密度（放牧天数和动物数量），以及景观覆盖（包括周围的草原、森林和湿地）如何影响屎壳郎的丰度和丰富度。我们还研究了季节、温度和采样年份对蜣螂群落的影响。我们发现放牧管理影响了丰富度。放牧天数的增加与屎壳郎物种丰富度的增加相关，而放牧密度的增加与屎壳郎物种丰富度的降低相关，表明放牧密度的增加可能对屎壳郎物种丰富度产生不利影响。湿地覆盖度与物种丰富度、物种丰富度呈正相关，草地覆盖度与物种丰富度呈正相关。屎壳郎丰度不随年份变化，但随采样时间变化，屎壳郎丰度随年份和采样时间变化。不同种类甲虫的功能类型不同，结果也不同。结果表明，局部干扰和更永久的景观环境对农业生态系统中节肢动物群落的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Floral availability outweighs aphid presence in supporting coccinellid abundance across life stages and promotes aphid predation 在整个生命阶段，花的可用性超过了蚜虫的存在，从而支持瓢虫的丰度，并促进蚜虫的捕食

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.008

Ana C. da Silva , Luiza C. Oliveira , João G. Costa , Madelaine Venzon , Marina R. Frizzas , Edison R. Sujii , Pedro H.B. Togni

The nature of the prevalent interactions within communities influences biodiversity–ecosystem service relationships, which could be strengthened as habitat and resource diversity promote species coexistence. When species share similar resources, their coexistence can enhance complementarity among predatory species in providing biological control in agroecosystems, depending on how different life stages of predatory insects use crop and non-crop habitats. To test these predictions, we assessed how different aphidophagous coccinellid life stages use crop and non-crop habitats and their consequences for aphid predation in organic tropical agroecosystems. We sampled all coccinellid life stages (abundance, species and diversity) and estimated aphid predation through a predator exclusion experiment in Brassica organic farms in Brazil. The use of both crop and non-crop plants (notably Asteraceae) by coccinellids increased their overall abundance within farms. We found no significant differences in the numbers of coccinellid eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults between crop and non-crop plants. However, our findings suggest that crops and non-crop habitats may play distinct roles for each life stage: crops might primarily provide prey, while non-crop plants could offer shelter and supplementary food. Indeed, coccinellid abundance was higher when flowers were present in non-crop plants, regardless of aphid presence. We found a positive relationship between coccinellid abundance and aphid predation only when coccinellid diversity was high. When diversity was low, the high dominance of a single species limited aphid predation. Therefore, species complementarity resulting from habitat partitioning across coccinellids’ life stages may emerge as a central mechanism influencing the positive biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships in tropical agroecosystems.

群落内普遍存在的相互作用的性质影响着生物多样性-生态系统服务关系，随着生境和资源多样性促进物种共存，这种关系可以得到加强。当物种共享相似的资源时，它们的共存可以增强掠食性物种之间的互补性，从而在农业生态系统中提供生物控制，这取决于不同生命阶段的掠食性昆虫如何利用作物和非作物生境。为了验证这些预测，我们评估了在有机热带农业生态系统中，不同食蚜瓢虫生命阶段是如何利用作物和非作物栖息地的，以及它们对蚜虫捕食的影响。我们在巴西的芸苔属有机农场取样了所有瓢虫生命阶段（丰度、种类和多样性），并通过捕食者排除实验估计了蚜虫的捕食。coccinellids对作物和非作物植物（特别是Asteraceae）的利用增加了它们在农场内的总体丰度。我们发现，在作物和非作物植物之间，球菌虫卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的数量没有显著差异。然而，我们的研究结果表明，作物和非作物栖息地可能在每个生命阶段发挥着不同的作用：作物可能主要提供猎物，而非作物植物可以提供住所和补充食物。事实上，不管蚜虫是否存在，当非作物植物开花时，球虫的丰度更高。结果表明，瓢虫多样性较高时，瓢虫丰度与蚜虫捕食率呈正相关。当多样性较低时，单一种的高优势度限制了蚜虫的捕食。因此，在热带农业生态系统中，由瓢虫不同生命阶段的栖息地分配导致的物种互补性可能是影响生物多样性-生态系统服务关系的主要机制。

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引用次数: 0

Rear-edge populations of an endemic alpine daisy are most impacted by invasive sambar deer, even with targeted feral animal control 一种地方性高山雏菊的后缘种群受到入侵的山巴尔鹿的影响最大，即使有针对性的野生动物控制

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.009

John W. Morgan , Zac C. Walker

Management of endangered species requires that threats to their persistence are identified and then mitigated. We document how an invasive ungulate that has recently and rapidly colonised Australian high mountain vegetation, sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), impacts a highly palatable endemic alpine daisy (Celmisia sericophylla, silky snow daisy). Further, we assess the effectiveness that lethal control conducted across the landscape, as part of a program for reducing deer numbers, has had on minimising impacts to the threatened daisy. We quantified the impact of deer at 57 Celmisia populations in relation to landscape context and herbivore control intensity by the land manager. Despite sustained lethal control being conducted across the landscape, we detected spatial differences in ongoing sambar deer impacts on the threatened species. Evidence of sambar deer were detected at 46 % of Celmisia populations sampled, and we found that rear-edge populations - nearest the treeline - were at highest risk of being occupied relative to populations further from the treeline. Activity of sambar deer at occupied Celmisia populations ranged from low level browsing of foliage and/or flowers (at 25 % of sites) to severe trampling and browsing; 5 % of sites). The probability of deer occupancy was higher with an increasing number of deer controlled with 1 km of Celmisia populations. This points to an ongoing and potentially predictable dispersal of deer into the alpine zone from subalpine forests, with such movements negatively affecting Celmisia populations nearest the invasion pathways, despite ongoing lethal control. Given the limited capacity of the broader deer control program to eliminate activity nearest the rear-edge populations, we recommend that landscape-scale sambar deer management needs to ramp-up in frequency and/or intensity, targeting alpine treelines, where most occupancy of Celmisia populations are currently being observed.

濒危物种的管理要求确定对其持久性的威胁，然后加以缓解。我们记录了一种入侵的有蹄类动物是如何最近和迅速地占领澳大利亚高山植被的，sambar鹿（Rusa unicolor），影响了一种非常美味的地方性高山雏菊（Celmisia sericophylla，丝滑雪雏菊）。此外，我们评估了在整个景观中进行的致命控制的有效性，作为减少鹿数量计划的一部分，对受威胁的雏菊的影响最小化。我们量化了鹿对57个Celmisia种群的影响与景观背景和土地管理者控制食草动物强度的关系。尽管在整个景观中进行了持续的致命控制，但我们发现了对受威胁物种的持续影响的空间差异。在46% %的木虱种群中发现了鹿的证据，我们发现，相对于远离树线的种群，最靠近树线的后缘种群被占领的风险最高。在被占领的麻草属种群中，鹿的活动范围从低水平的食叶和/或花（占25. %）到严重的践踏和食叶；5 %的网站)。鹿群占有的概率随着鹿群数量的增加而增加，鹿群占有的概率随着鹿群数量的增加而增加。这表明，鹿正在从亚高山森林向高山地区扩散，这是可以预测的，尽管有持续的致命控制，但这种运动对最接近入侵路径的Celmisia种群产生了负面影响。考虑到广泛的鹿控制计划在消除最靠近后缘种群的活动方面的能力有限，我们建议在景观尺度上对山巴尔鹿的管理需要增加频率和/或强度，以高山树线为目标，目前观察到大部分山巴尔鹿种群的占用。

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引用次数: 0