Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献_第3页

Using historical samples to re-construct the predatory diet of carabid beetles through time 利用历史样本重建了甲虫的掠食性饮食

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.004

Yohann Graux , Marina Querejeta , Sabrina Gaba , Vincent Bretagnolle , Stéphane Boyer

A considerable number of carabid beetle specimens are regularly collected in agroecosystems for biodiversity monitoring and they are often stored in ethanol. Analysing the diet of these formerly caught carabid beetles would allow to gain insight into potential trends of their invertebrate prey community through time and potentially relate such patterns to changes in their environment. However, the quality of genetic material may be a limiting factor. We used a COI gut contents metabarcoding approach to characterize the diet of carabids specimens from two dominant species, Poecilus cupreus and Nebria salina, caught in oil seed rape fields in western France and stored in ethanol for 0–9 years. Contrary to expectations, specimen storage time did not reduce detection of prey DNA but enhanced it. Indeed, prey detection was higher in older samples than in recent ones, which may be due to an overrepresentation of good quality carabid DNA in the digestive tract of recently caught specimens. The diet of the two studied carabid species varied annually, showing significant switches between years in particular in the case of Nebria salina, which stresses the importance of temporal studies to fully describe the diet of carabid beetles. In addition, we detected a significant temporal trend in the diversity of prey caught by the two carabid species. We found that the two carabid beetles that dominate carabid community displayed a decreasing trend over the last decade in the number and the diversity of prey, which supports the general hypothesis of a decline in the diversity of invertebrate communities in intensive agricultural landscapes. In this study, we highlighted the power of metabarcoding for biomonitoring in historical samples for the longitudinal analysis of diets. By relying on existing collections of carabid beetles, this method could open a promising avenue to explore mid to long-term temporal variation in the animal diet and/or to detect consequences of long-term changes, such as global warming or land use changes, on predators and prey communities.

在农业生态系统中，有相当数量的瓢虫标本被定期收集用于生物多样性监测，它们通常储存在乙醇中。分析这些以前被捕获的甲虫的饮食可以让我们深入了解它们的无脊椎猎物群落随着时间的推移的潜在趋势，并可能将这些模式与它们的环境变化联系起来。然而，遗传物质的质量可能是一个限制因素。本研究采用COI肠道内容物元条形码方法，对法国西部油菜田捕获的两种优势种鲤鱼Poecilus cupreus和Nebria salina标本进行了饮食特征分析，并在乙醇中储存了0-9年。与预期相反，标本储存时间并没有减少猎物DNA的检测，而是增强了它。事实上，在较老的样本中，猎物的探测能力比在最近的样本中更高，这可能是由于在最近捕获的样本的消化道中，高质量的甲壳虫DNA的比例过高。所研究的两种瓢虫的饮食每年都在变化，在不同的年份之间表现出显著的变化，特别是在盐状甲虫的情况下，这强调了时间研究的重要性，以充分描述瓢虫的饮食。此外，我们还发现了两种瓢虫捕获的猎物多样性的显著时间趋势。研究结果表明，近10年来，在集约化农业景观中占主导地位的两种瓢虫的猎物数量和多样性呈下降趋势，这支持了集约化农业景观中无脊椎动物群落多样性下降的一般假设。在这项研究中，我们强调了元条形码在饮食纵向分析的历史样本生物监测中的作用。依靠现有的甲虫标本，这种方法可以为探索动物饮食中长期的时间变化和/或检测长期变化（如全球变暖或土地利用变化）对捕食者和猎物群落的影响开辟一条有前途的途径。

{"title":"Using historical samples to re-construct the predatory diet of carabid beetles through time","authors":"Yohann Graux , Marina Querejeta , Sabrina Gaba , Vincent Bretagnolle , Stéphane Boyer","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A considerable number of carabid beetle specimens are regularly collected in agroecosystems for biodiversity monitoring and they are often stored in ethanol. Analysing the diet of these formerly caught carabid beetles would allow to gain insight into potential trends of their invertebrate prey community through time and potentially relate such patterns to changes in their environment. However, the quality of genetic material may be a limiting factor. We used a <em>COI</em> gut contents metabarcoding approach to characterize the diet of carabids specimens from two dominant species, <em>Poecilus cupreus</em> and <em>Nebria salina</em>, caught in oil seed rape fields in western France and stored in ethanol for 0–9 years. Contrary to expectations, specimen storage time did not reduce detection of prey DNA but enhanced it. Indeed, prey detection was higher in older samples than in recent ones, which may be due to an overrepresentation of good quality carabid DNA in the digestive tract of recently caught specimens. The diet of the two studied carabid species varied annually, showing significant switches between years in particular in the case of <em>Nebria salina</em>, which stresses the importance of temporal studies to fully describe the diet of carabid beetles. In addition, we detected a significant temporal trend in the diversity of prey caught by the two carabid species. We found that the two carabid beetles that dominate carabid community displayed a decreasing trend over the last decade in the number and the diversity of prey, which supports the general hypothesis of a decline in the diversity of invertebrate communities in intensive agricultural landscapes. In this study, we highlighted the power of metabarcoding for biomonitoring in historical samples for the longitudinal analysis of diets. By relying on existing collections of carabid beetles, this method could open a promising avenue to explore mid to long-term temporal variation in the animal diet and/or to detect consequences of long-term changes, such as global warming or land use changes, on predators and prey communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 22-32"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Coffee berry borer control, but not coffee yield, is mediated by non-additive interaction between birds and ants across different cultivation systems 咖啡浆果蛀虫的控制，而不是咖啡产量，是由鸟类和蚂蚁在不同的栽培系统之间的非加性相互作用介导的

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.002

Damaris A. Cardona Tejada , Juan L. Parra , Ingo Grass , Frank M. Schurr

Coffee is one of the most traded tropical crops, cultivated in some of the most biodiverse regions on the planet. Coffee production can be seriously reduced by the coffee berry borer (CBB), a specialized beetle that feeds on the endosperm of coffee berries. Given the CBB's economic relevance, coffee-producing countries have developed extensive Integrated Pest Management programs. Nonetheless, most of these programs fail to incorporate CBB control by natural enemies such as birds and ants. While the effects of birds and ants on CBB suppression have been demonstrated to be positive when studied in isolation, their interactive effects have been little studied. To better understand the effects of the trophic interaction between birds and ants on CBB control, we conducted a full-factorial block experiment excluding birds and ants from coffee shrubs. We distributed 49 experimental blocks across three different coffee systems in a Colombian landscape: sun-exposed coffee, coffee-plantain intercropping, and shade coffee. We found birds to be key control agents of CBB: in the presence of ants, bird exclusion increased CBB infestation by 36 %. However, in the absence of ants, birds had little effect on CBB infestation, demonstrating that the effects of birds and ants were non-additive. This suggests that birds control CBB through a trophic cascade mediated by ants. We also found that the effects of exclusions were modified by the cultivation system, with the shade coffee system consistently reducing CBB infestation. Our experiment demonstrates that crop diversification is an effective measure for integrating local enemies into IPM strategies. Nonetheless, we acknowledge that trophic interactions are highly complex and exhibit a context-dependency that can result in the suppression of biological pest control. Therefore, we recommend conducting future analysis on evaluating the effects of predator´s community composition to encourage the development of IPM programs that leverage biodiversity in agroecosystems.

咖啡是交易最多的热带作物之一，在地球上一些生物多样性最丰富的地区种植。咖啡浆果蛀虫（CBB）是一种以咖啡浆果的胚乳为食的特殊甲虫，会严重减少咖啡的产量。鉴于CBB的经济相关性，咖啡生产国已经制定了广泛的综合有害生物管理方案。尽管如此，这些计划中的大多数都没有纳入天敌（如鸟类和蚂蚁）对CBB的控制。虽然单独研究鸟类和蚂蚁对CBB抑制的影响已被证明是积极的，但它们的相互作用却很少被研究。为了更好地了解鸟类和蚂蚁之间的营养相互作用对CBB控制的影响，我们在咖啡灌木中进行了排除鸟类和蚂蚁的全因子块区实验。我们在哥伦比亚的三种不同的咖啡系统中分布了49个实验区块：阳光照射的咖啡、咖啡-芭蕉间作和遮荫咖啡。我们发现鸟类是CBB的关键控制媒介：在蚂蚁存在的情况下，鸟类的排除使CBB的侵扰增加了36%。然而，在没有蚂蚁的情况下，鸟类对CBB的影响很小，表明鸟类和蚂蚁的影响是非加性的。这表明鸟类通过蚂蚁介导的营养级联控制CBB。我们还发现，种植系统改变了排除的效果，遮荫咖啡系统持续减少CBB的侵扰。我们的实验表明，作物多样化是将当地敌人整合到IPM策略中的有效措施。尽管如此，我们承认营养相互作用是高度复杂的，并表现出环境依赖性，这可能导致生物害虫控制的抑制。因此，我们建议在未来对捕食者群落组成的影响进行评估分析，以鼓励开发利用农业生态系统生物多样性的IPM计划。

{"title":"Coffee berry borer control, but not coffee yield, is mediated by non-additive interaction between birds and ants across different cultivation systems","authors":"Damaris A. Cardona Tejada , Juan L. Parra , Ingo Grass , Frank M. Schurr","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coffee is one of the most traded tropical crops, cultivated in some of the most biodiverse regions on the planet. Coffee production can be seriously reduced by the coffee berry borer (CBB), a specialized beetle that feeds on the endosperm of coffee berries. Given the CBB's economic relevance, coffee-producing countries have developed extensive Integrated Pest Management programs. Nonetheless, most of these programs fail to incorporate CBB control by natural enemies such as birds and ants. While the effects of birds and ants on CBB suppression have been demonstrated to be positive when studied in isolation, their interactive effects have been little studied. To better understand the effects of the trophic interaction between birds and ants on CBB control, we conducted a full-factorial block experiment excluding birds and ants from coffee shrubs. We distributed 49 experimental blocks across three different coffee systems in a Colombian landscape: sun-exposed coffee, coffee-plantain intercropping, and shade coffee. We found birds to be key control agents of CBB: in the presence of ants, bird exclusion increased CBB infestation by 36 %. However, in the absence of ants, birds had little effect on CBB infestation, demonstrating that the effects of birds and ants were non-additive. This suggests that birds control CBB through a trophic cascade mediated by ants. We also found that the effects of exclusions were modified by the cultivation system, with the shade coffee system consistently reducing CBB infestation. Our experiment demonstrates that crop diversification is an effective measure for integrating local enemies into IPM strategies. Nonetheless, we acknowledge that trophic interactions are highly complex and exhibit a context-dependency that can result in the suppression of biological pest control. Therefore, we recommend conducting future analysis on evaluating the effects of predator´s community composition to encourage the development of IPM programs that leverage biodiversity in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"90 ","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tillage regime shapes ground beetle distribution and their potential for weed control under drought conditions 在干旱条件下，耕作制度会影响地面甲虫的分布及其控制杂草的潜力

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.001

Francesco Lami , Francesco Boscutti , Giacomo Santoiemma , Lorenzo Marini

Tillage affects soil invertebrates such as ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with potential repercussions on the pest and weed control services they provide. Knowledge about the effects of tillage on weed control through seed predation is particularly important in the context of climate change-induced drought, which may exacerbate weed problems.

In this study, we investigated the effects of tillage (conservation vs. conventional) on the abundance, diversity and in-field distribution of ground beetles in 9 pairs of annual crop fields in Northern Italy. We also tested the effect of tillage, artificially induced drought (-50 % precipitation) and arthropod seed predator exclusion on weed biomass and diversity within the same fields. We expected conservation tillage to increase ground beetle abundance and richness, and seed predator presence to buffer the projected increased weed incidence in conservation tillage and drought conditions.

In conservation tillage fields, ground beetle activity density was overall higher, and decreased from field margin to field center, while in conventional tillage it was lower and had an opposite spatial trend. This pattern, reflected also in the in-field distribution of the dominant species Pterostichus melas, is likely caused by differential distribution of habitat and food resources in the two management systems. Conservation tillage also positively affected species richness, further underlying its importance in ground beetle conservation.

Unexpectedly, seed predator exclusion reduced weed biomass in conservation tillage. This may be linked to higher seed density, a situation in which the removal of competing seeds can trigger compensatory mechanisms in the remaining seed bank. As drought also increased weed incidence, strategies such as thick mulching, sowing density manipulation, crop rotations and cover cropping might become increasingly necessary in order to limit weeds to a level at which seed predation can efficiently contribute to weed control in climate change scenarios.

耕作影响土壤无脊椎动物，如地甲虫（鞘翅目：甲虫科），对它们提供的病虫害和杂草控制服务有潜在的影响。在气候变化引起的干旱可能加剧杂草问题的背景下，了解耕作通过种子捕食对杂草控制的影响尤为重要。本研究以意大利北部9对一年生作物田为研究对象，研究了保护性耕作与常规耕作对地甲虫丰度、多样性和田间分布的影响。我们还测试了耕作、人工干旱（- 50%降水）和节肢动物种子捕食者排除对同一农田内杂草生物量和多样性的影响。我们预计保护性耕作将增加地面甲虫的丰度和丰富度，而种子捕食者的存在将缓冲保护性耕作和干旱条件下预计增加的杂草发生率。保护性耕作区地面甲虫活动密度总体较高，且从田缘到田中心呈下降趋势；常规耕作区地面甲虫活动密度总体较低，且空间趋势相反。这种格局也反映在优势种melas Pterostichus的田间分布上，可能是由于两种管理制度下生境和食物资源分布的差异造成的。保护性耕作对物种丰富度也有积极影响，进一步说明了保护性耕作对地面甲虫保护的重要性。出乎意料的是，排除种子捕食者减少了保护性耕作的杂草生物量。这可能与较高的种子密度有关，在这种情况下，除去竞争种子可以触发剩余种子库中的补偿机制。由于干旱也增加了杂草的发病率，因此为了在气候变化情景下将杂草限制在种子捕食可以有效控制杂草的水平上，诸如厚覆盖、播种密度控制、作物轮作和覆盖种植等策略可能变得越来越必要。

{"title":"Tillage regime shapes ground beetle distribution and their potential for weed control under drought conditions","authors":"Francesco Lami , Francesco Boscutti , Giacomo Santoiemma , Lorenzo Marini","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tillage affects soil invertebrates such as ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae), with potential repercussions on the pest and weed control services they provide. Knowledge about the effects of tillage on weed control through seed predation is particularly important in the context of climate change-induced drought, which may exacerbate weed problems.</div><div>In this study, we investigated the effects of tillage (conservation vs. conventional) on the abundance, diversity and in-field distribution of ground beetles in 9 pairs of annual crop fields in Northern Italy. We also tested the effect of tillage, artificially induced drought (-50 % precipitation) and arthropod seed predator exclusion on weed biomass and diversity within the same fields. We expected conservation tillage to increase ground beetle abundance and richness, and seed predator presence to buffer the projected increased weed incidence in conservation tillage and drought conditions.</div><div>In conservation tillage fields, ground beetle activity density was overall higher, and decreased from field margin to field center, while in conventional tillage it was lower and had an opposite spatial trend. This pattern, reflected also in the in-field distribution of the dominant species <em>Pterostichus melas</em>, is likely caused by differential distribution of habitat and food resources in the two management systems. Conservation tillage also positively affected species richness, further underlying its importance in ground beetle conservation.</div><div>Unexpectedly, seed predator exclusion reduced weed biomass in conservation tillage. This may be linked to higher seed density, a situation in which the removal of competing seeds can trigger compensatory mechanisms in the remaining seed bank. As drought also increased weed incidence, strategies such as thick mulching, sowing density manipulation, crop rotations and cover cropping might become increasingly necessary in order to limit weeds to a level at which seed predation can efficiently contribute to weed control in climate change scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 128-135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145517306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Landscape and grazing management affect dung beetle communities in California 景观和放牧管理影响着加利福尼亚的蜣螂群落

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.012

Suzanne Lipton , Paul E. Skelley , Stacy M. Philpott

Agroecosystem management can have large impacts on arthropod communities, with downstream consequences for ecosystem function. In grazed agroecosystems, dung beetle nesting and consumption activities contribute to critical ecosystem services such as aerating soils, dispersing seeds, suppressing pathogens, decreasing fly eggs, decreasing dung greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing nutrients in the soil. Grassland grazing management as well as the landscape cover surrounding a grassland can impact dung beetle abundance and diversity with implications for downstream ecosystem function. One third of California is grazed by livestock, however, there are few studies of dung beetles in these agroecosystems. Our study examines the effect of grazing management, including the time spent grazing and animal density (the number of days grazed and number of animals), as well as how landscape cover, including surrounding grasslands, forests, and wetlands, affect dung beetle abundance and richness. We also examined how seasonality or temperature and the year in which we sampled affect dung beetle communities. We found that grazing management affects richness. While increases in the number of days grazed was associated with higher dung beetle species richness, we found that increased grazing density was associated with lower dung beetle species richness, showing that increasing grazing density may have a detrimental effect on richness. We also found that the amount of wetland cover in the landscape was positively associated with abundance and species richness, and grassland cover was positively associated with species richness. Dung beetle abundance did not shift by year, but did shift with sample time, while dung beetle richness shifted with year and sample time. Our results differed by beetle functional type and species. The results demonstrate the importance of both local disturbances and more permanent landscape surroundings for arthropod communities in agroecosystems.

农业生态系统管理可对节肢动物群落产生重大影响，并对生态系统功能产生下游影响。在放牧的农业生态系统中，屎壳郎筑巢和消费活动有助于提供关键的生态系统服务，如给土壤通风、传播种子、抑制病原体、减少蝇卵、减少粪便温室气体排放和增加土壤养分。草地放牧管理和草地周围的景观覆盖会影响屎壳虫的丰度和多样性，并对下游生态系统功能产生影响。加州三分之一的土地被牲畜放牧，然而，在这些农业生态系统中很少有关于屎壳郎的研究。我们的研究考察了放牧管理的影响，包括放牧时间和动物密度（放牧天数和动物数量），以及景观覆盖（包括周围的草原、森林和湿地）如何影响屎壳郎的丰度和丰富度。我们还研究了季节、温度和采样年份对蜣螂群落的影响。我们发现放牧管理影响了丰富度。放牧天数的增加与屎壳郎物种丰富度的增加相关，而放牧密度的增加与屎壳郎物种丰富度的降低相关，表明放牧密度的增加可能对屎壳郎物种丰富度产生不利影响。湿地覆盖度与物种丰富度、物种丰富度呈正相关，草地覆盖度与物种丰富度呈正相关。屎壳郎丰度不随年份变化，但随采样时间变化，屎壳郎丰度随年份和采样时间变化。不同种类甲虫的功能类型不同，结果也不同。结果表明，局部干扰和更永久的景观环境对农业生态系统中节肢动物群落的重要性。

{"title":"Landscape and grazing management affect dung beetle communities in California","authors":"Suzanne Lipton , Paul E. Skelley , Stacy M. Philpott","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agroecosystem management can have large impacts on arthropod communities, with downstream consequences for ecosystem function. In grazed agroecosystems, dung beetle nesting and consumption activities contribute to critical ecosystem services such as aerating soils, dispersing seeds, suppressing pathogens, decreasing fly eggs, decreasing dung greenhouse gas emissions, and increasing nutrients in the soil. Grassland grazing management as well as the landscape cover surrounding a grassland can impact dung beetle abundance and diversity with implications for downstream ecosystem function. One third of California is grazed by livestock, however, there are few studies of dung beetles in these agroecosystems. Our study examines the effect of grazing management, including the time spent grazing and animal density (the number of days grazed and number of animals), as well as how landscape cover, including surrounding grasslands, forests, and wetlands, affect dung beetle abundance and richness. We also examined how seasonality or temperature and the year in which we sampled affect dung beetle communities. We found that grazing management affects richness. While increases in the number of days grazed was associated with higher dung beetle species richness, we found that increased grazing density was associated with lower dung beetle species richness, showing that increasing grazing density may have a detrimental effect on richness. We also found that the amount of wetland cover in the landscape was positively associated with abundance and species richness, and grassland cover was positively associated with species richness. Dung beetle abundance did not shift by year, but did shift with sample time, while dung beetle richness shifted with year and sample time. Our results differed by beetle functional type and species. The results demonstrate the importance of both local disturbances and more permanent landscape surroundings for arthropod communities in agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Towards precision grazing: Spatio-temporal dynamics of the relation between cattle, vegetation, and arthropods 走向精准放牧：牛、植被和节肢动物关系的时空动态

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.011

Frank Jauker , Dina Hamidi , Christoph Hütt , Kevin Baumann , Martin Komainda , Andreas Bolten , Georg Bareth , Johannes Isselstein , Volkmar Wolters

Domestic livestock has largely replaced native mega-herbivores in shaping and maintaining grassland ecosystems and their function in temperate Europe. Because livestock grazing affects grassland biodiversity and functioning differently compared to free roaming large grazers, management adjustments are required to approximate natural processes as closely as possible without causing major economic losses. The spatiotemporal precision of remote sensing technology available today opens up opportunities to align agronomic and environmental interests. We evaluate the spatiotemporal scales at which cattle presence modulates vegetation biomass and the abundance of various arthropod taxa. We relate arthropod abundances and vegetation biomass to both static (stocking density at the field level) and dynamic (cattle presence in consecutive days before sampling at sub-field levels) grazing intensity in an extensive grazing system in central Germany. Grazing intensity at the field scale was a poor predictor of arthropod abundance, indicating a weak link to small-scale spatial heterogeneity, i.e. the major driver of local arthropod biodiversity. In contrast, most arthropod taxa responded more strongly to the presence of cattle than to the vegetation status across all spatiotemporal scales. This relationship was positive throughout. The relevance of temporal heterogeneity in the presence of cattle as a key driver of spatial heterogeneity makes a striking point for cattle ecosystem engineering. Accounting for temporal variability opens a promising approach to precision grazing that balances economic and environmental interests.

在欧洲温带地区，家畜在塑造和维持草原生态系统及其功能方面已经在很大程度上取代了本土的大型食草动物。由于放牧牲畜对草地生物多样性和功能的影响与自由放牧的大型放牧动物不同，因此需要进行管理调整，在不造成重大经济损失的情况下尽可能接近自然过程。目前可用的遥感技术的时空精度为协调农业和环境利益提供了机会。我们评估了牛的存在调节植被生物量和各种节肢动物类群丰度的时空尺度。在德国中部的一个粗放型放牧系统中，我们将节肢动物丰度和植被生物量与静态（野外水平的放养密度）和动态（采样前连续几天的牛群数量）放牧强度联系起来。在野外尺度上，放牧强度对节肢动物丰度的预测效果较差，表明其与小尺度空间异质性的关联较弱，即是当地节肢动物生物多样性的主要驱动因素。相比之下，在所有时空尺度上，大多数节肢动物类群对牛的存在比对植被状况的反应更强烈。这种关系始终是积极的。牛存在时的时间异质性作为空间异质性的关键驱动因素的相关性为牛生态系统工程提供了一个引人注目的观点。考虑到时间的变化，为平衡经济和环境利益的精确放牧开辟了一条有希望的途径。

{"title":"Towards precision grazing: Spatio-temporal dynamics of the relation between cattle, vegetation, and arthropods","authors":"Frank Jauker , Dina Hamidi , Christoph Hütt , Kevin Baumann , Martin Komainda , Andreas Bolten , Georg Bareth , Johannes Isselstein , Volkmar Wolters","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Domestic livestock has largely replaced native mega-herbivores in shaping and maintaining grassland ecosystems and their function in temperate Europe. Because livestock grazing affects grassland biodiversity and functioning differently compared to free roaming large grazers, management adjustments are required to approximate natural processes as closely as possible without causing major economic losses. The spatiotemporal precision of remote sensing technology available today opens up opportunities to align agronomic and environmental interests. We evaluate the spatiotemporal scales at which cattle presence modulates vegetation biomass and the abundance of various arthropod taxa. We relate arthropod abundances and vegetation biomass to both static (stocking density at the field level) and dynamic (cattle presence in consecutive days before sampling at sub-field levels) grazing intensity in an extensive grazing system in central Germany. Grazing intensity at the field scale was a poor predictor of arthropod abundance, indicating a weak link to small-scale spatial heterogeneity, i.e. the major driver of local arthropod biodiversity. In contrast, most arthropod taxa responded more strongly to the presence of cattle than to the vegetation status across all spatiotemporal scales. This relationship was positive throughout. The relevance of temporal heterogeneity in the presence of cattle as a key driver of spatial heterogeneity makes a striking point for cattle ecosystem engineering. Accounting for temporal variability opens a promising approach to precision grazing that balances economic and environmental interests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introducing fwtraits – an R package for obtaining freshwater biodiversity trait information 引入fwtraits -一个获取淡水生物多样性性状信息的R包

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.010

Anthony Basooma , Florian Borgwardt , Sami Domisch , Merret Buurman , Vanessa Bremerich , Sonia Steffany Recinos Brizuela , Martin Tschikof , Thomas Hein , Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber

Species ecological parameters are crucial for understanding the functional responses to environmental perturbations, aiding in informing conservation strategies and formulating robust environmental policies. However, obtaining standardized species ecological parameters across various freshwater organism groups remains challenging for ecologists. The www.freshwaterecology.info database (hereafter referred to as “FWE”) provides an extensive repository of approximately 200 parameters, including biological traits, ecological preferences, and indicators for five freshwater organism groups: fishes, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, phytoplankton, and phytobenthos. While the database represents an invaluable resource for ecological research, integrating these manifold parameters into analysis workflows still requires users to manually search, download, and organize data. This process is time-intensive and error-prone.

To address these challenges, we present fwtraits, an R package that supports the integration of freshwater ecological parameters from FWE into analysis workflows. We demonstrate the package's usability by assessing the influence of climatic indicators on lotic fish species assemblages using community weighted means (CWMs). We selected four ecological parameters (habitat (rheophily), feeding habitat, feeding diet for adult fish, and temperature tolerance) and assessed spatial variation in these modalities across European river catchments. We observed high CWMs on less resilient modalities, such as stenothermal and rheophilic taxa (which thrive in fast-flowing waters) in the northern river basins. This enables the identification of critical habitats for threatened species, which in turn helps in conserving freshwater biodiversity. fwtraits can be used to access ecological parameters in a simple and reproducible way. To support users, we have integrated detailed vignettes—available on GitHub—that illustrate the data retrieval process for each of the five organism groups and integration in biogeographical analysis workflows.

物种生态参数对于理解对环境扰动的功能响应至关重要，有助于为保护策略和制定稳健的环境政策提供信息。然而，对生态学家来说，获得各种淡水生物类群的标准化物种生态参数仍然是一个挑战。www.freshwaterecology.info数据库（以下简称“FWE”）提供了大约200个参数的广泛存储库，包括生物特征、生态偏好和五个淡水生物群体的指标：鱼类、大型无脊椎动物、大型植物、浮游植物和底栖植物。虽然数据库代表了生态研究的宝贵资源，但将这些多种参数集成到分析工作流程中仍然需要用户手动搜索，下载和组织数据。这个过程耗时且容易出错。为了应对这些挑战，我们提出了fwtraits，这是一个支持将淡水生态参数从FWE集成到分析工作流程中的R包。我们通过使用群落加权方法（CWMs）评估气候指标对lotic鱼类物种组合的影响来证明该软件包的可用性。我们选择了四个生态参数（栖息地（流变性）、饵料栖息地、成鱼饵料和温度耐受性），并评估了这些模式在欧洲河流流域的空间变化。我们观察到，在适应性较差的模式下，如北部河流流域的低温和嗜流分类群（在快速流动的水域中茁壮成长），CWMs较高。这有助于确定受威胁物种的关键栖息地，从而有助于保护淡水生物多样性。Fwtraits可以以一种简单和可复制的方式来获取生态参数。为了支持用户，我们在github上集成了详细的插图，说明了五个生物群体的数据检索过程，并集成在生物地理分析工作流程中。

{"title":"Introducing fwtraits – an R package for obtaining freshwater biodiversity trait information","authors":"Anthony Basooma , Florian Borgwardt , Sami Domisch , Merret Buurman , Vanessa Bremerich , Sonia Steffany Recinos Brizuela , Martin Tschikof , Thomas Hein , Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species ecological parameters are crucial for understanding the functional responses to environmental perturbations, aiding in informing conservation strategies and formulating robust environmental policies. However, obtaining standardized species ecological parameters across various freshwater organism groups remains challenging for ecologists. The <span><span>www.freshwaterecology.info</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> database (hereafter referred to as “FWE”) provides an extensive repository of approximately 200 parameters, including biological traits, ecological preferences, and indicators for five freshwater organism groups: fishes, macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, phytoplankton, and phytobenthos. While the database represents an invaluable resource for ecological research, integrating these manifold parameters into analysis workflows still requires users to manually search, download, and organize data. This process is time-intensive and error-prone.</div><div>To address these challenges, we present <strong>fwtraits</strong>, an R package that supports the integration of freshwater ecological parameters from FWE into analysis workflows. We demonstrate the package's usability by assessing the influence of climatic indicators on lotic fish species assemblages using community weighted means (CWMs). We selected four ecological parameters (habitat (rheophily), feeding habitat, feeding diet for adult fish, and temperature tolerance) and assessed spatial variation in these modalities across European river catchments. We observed high CWMs on less resilient modalities, such as stenothermal and rheophilic taxa (which thrive in fast-flowing waters) in the northern river basins. This enables the identification of critical habitats for threatened species, which in turn helps in conserving freshwater biodiversity. fwtraits can be used to access ecological parameters in a simple and reproducible way. To support users, we have integrated detailed vignettes—available on GitHub—that illustrate the data retrieval process for each of the five organism groups and integration in biogeographical analysis workflows.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145414335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rear-edge populations of an endemic alpine daisy are most impacted by invasive sambar deer, even with targeted feral animal control 一种地方性高山雏菊的后缘种群受到入侵的山巴尔鹿的影响最大，即使有针对性的野生动物控制

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.009

John W. Morgan , Zac C. Walker

Management of endangered species requires that threats to their persistence are identified and then mitigated. We document how an invasive ungulate that has recently and rapidly colonised Australian high mountain vegetation, sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), impacts a highly palatable endemic alpine daisy (Celmisia sericophylla, silky snow daisy). Further, we assess the effectiveness that lethal control conducted across the landscape, as part of a program for reducing deer numbers, has had on minimising impacts to the threatened daisy. We quantified the impact of deer at 57 Celmisia populations in relation to landscape context and herbivore control intensity by the land manager. Despite sustained lethal control being conducted across the landscape, we detected spatial differences in ongoing sambar deer impacts on the threatened species. Evidence of sambar deer were detected at 46 % of Celmisia populations sampled, and we found that rear-edge populations - nearest the treeline - were at highest risk of being occupied relative to populations further from the treeline. Activity of sambar deer at occupied Celmisia populations ranged from low level browsing of foliage and/or flowers (at 25 % of sites) to severe trampling and browsing; 5 % of sites). The probability of deer occupancy was higher with an increasing number of deer controlled with 1 km of Celmisia populations. This points to an ongoing and potentially predictable dispersal of deer into the alpine zone from subalpine forests, with such movements negatively affecting Celmisia populations nearest the invasion pathways, despite ongoing lethal control. Given the limited capacity of the broader deer control program to eliminate activity nearest the rear-edge populations, we recommend that landscape-scale sambar deer management needs to ramp-up in frequency and/or intensity, targeting alpine treelines, where most occupancy of Celmisia populations are currently being observed.

濒危物种的管理要求确定对其持久性的威胁，然后加以缓解。我们记录了一种入侵的有蹄类动物是如何最近和迅速地占领澳大利亚高山植被的，sambar鹿（Rusa unicolor），影响了一种非常美味的地方性高山雏菊（Celmisia sericophylla，丝滑雪雏菊）。此外，我们评估了在整个景观中进行的致命控制的有效性，作为减少鹿数量计划的一部分，对受威胁的雏菊的影响最小化。我们量化了鹿对57个Celmisia种群的影响与景观背景和土地管理者控制食草动物强度的关系。尽管在整个景观中进行了持续的致命控制，但我们发现了对受威胁物种的持续影响的空间差异。在46% %的木虱种群中发现了鹿的证据，我们发现，相对于远离树线的种群，最靠近树线的后缘种群被占领的风险最高。在被占领的麻草属种群中，鹿的活动范围从低水平的食叶和/或花（占25. %）到严重的践踏和食叶；5 %的网站)。鹿群占有的概率随着鹿群数量的增加而增加，鹿群占有的概率随着鹿群数量的增加而增加。这表明，鹿正在从亚高山森林向高山地区扩散，这是可以预测的，尽管有持续的致命控制，但这种运动对最接近入侵路径的Celmisia种群产生了负面影响。考虑到广泛的鹿控制计划在消除最靠近后缘种群的活动方面的能力有限，我们建议在景观尺度上对山巴尔鹿的管理需要增加频率和/或强度，以高山树线为目标，目前观察到大部分山巴尔鹿种群的占用。

{"title":"Rear-edge populations of an endemic alpine daisy are most impacted by invasive sambar deer, even with targeted feral animal control","authors":"John W. Morgan , Zac C. Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Management of endangered species requires that threats to their persistence are identified and then mitigated. We document how an invasive ungulate that has recently and rapidly colonised Australian high mountain vegetation, sambar deer (<em>Rusa unicolor</em>), impacts a highly palatable endemic alpine daisy (<em>Celmisia sericophylla</em>, silky snow daisy). Further, we assess the effectiveness that lethal control conducted across the landscape, as part of a program for reducing deer numbers, has had on minimising impacts to the threatened daisy. We quantified the impact of deer at 57 <em>Celmisia</em> populations in relation to landscape context and herbivore control intensity by the land manager. Despite sustained lethal control being conducted across the landscape, we detected spatial differences in ongoing sambar deer impacts on the threatened species. Evidence of sambar deer were detected at 46 % of <em>Celmisia</em> populations sampled, and we found that rear-edge populations - nearest the treeline - were at highest risk of being occupied relative to populations further from the treeline. Activity of sambar deer at occupied <em>Celmisia</em> populations ranged from low level browsing of foliage and/or flowers (at 25 % of sites) to severe trampling and browsing; 5 % of sites). The probability of deer occupancy was higher with an increasing number of deer controlled with 1 km of <em>Celmisia</em> populations. This points to an ongoing and potentially predictable dispersal of deer into the alpine zone from subalpine forests, with such movements negatively affecting <em>Celmisia</em> populations nearest the invasion pathways, despite ongoing lethal control. Given the limited capacity of the broader deer control program to eliminate activity nearest the rear-edge populations, we recommend that landscape-scale sambar deer management needs to ramp-up in frequency and/or intensity, targeting alpine treelines, where most occupancy of <em>Celmisia</em> populations are currently being observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 113-119"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Floral availability outweighs aphid presence in supporting coccinellid abundance across life stages and promotes aphid predation 在整个生命阶段，花的可用性超过了蚜虫的存在，从而支持瓢虫的丰度，并促进蚜虫的捕食

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.008

Ana C. da Silva , Luiza C. Oliveira , João G. Costa , Madelaine Venzon , Marina R. Frizzas , Edison R. Sujii , Pedro H.B. Togni

The nature of the prevalent interactions within communities influences biodiversity–ecosystem service relationships, which could be strengthened as habitat and resource diversity promote species coexistence. When species share similar resources, their coexistence can enhance complementarity among predatory species in providing biological control in agroecosystems, depending on how different life stages of predatory insects use crop and non-crop habitats. To test these predictions, we assessed how different aphidophagous coccinellid life stages use crop and non-crop habitats and their consequences for aphid predation in organic tropical agroecosystems. We sampled all coccinellid life stages (abundance, species and diversity) and estimated aphid predation through a predator exclusion experiment in Brassica organic farms in Brazil. The use of both crop and non-crop plants (notably Asteraceae) by coccinellids increased their overall abundance within farms. We found no significant differences in the numbers of coccinellid eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults between crop and non-crop plants. However, our findings suggest that crops and non-crop habitats may play distinct roles for each life stage: crops might primarily provide prey, while non-crop plants could offer shelter and supplementary food. Indeed, coccinellid abundance was higher when flowers were present in non-crop plants, regardless of aphid presence. We found a positive relationship between coccinellid abundance and aphid predation only when coccinellid diversity was high. When diversity was low, the high dominance of a single species limited aphid predation. Therefore, species complementarity resulting from habitat partitioning across coccinellids’ life stages may emerge as a central mechanism influencing the positive biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships in tropical agroecosystems.

群落内普遍存在的相互作用的性质影响着生物多样性-生态系统服务关系，随着生境和资源多样性促进物种共存，这种关系可以得到加强。当物种共享相似的资源时，它们的共存可以增强掠食性物种之间的互补性，从而在农业生态系统中提供生物控制，这取决于不同生命阶段的掠食性昆虫如何利用作物和非作物生境。为了验证这些预测，我们评估了在有机热带农业生态系统中，不同食蚜瓢虫生命阶段是如何利用作物和非作物栖息地的，以及它们对蚜虫捕食的影响。我们在巴西的芸苔属有机农场取样了所有瓢虫生命阶段（丰度、种类和多样性），并通过捕食者排除实验估计了蚜虫的捕食。coccinellids对作物和非作物植物（特别是Asteraceae）的利用增加了它们在农场内的总体丰度。我们发现，在作物和非作物植物之间，球菌虫卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的数量没有显著差异。然而，我们的研究结果表明，作物和非作物栖息地可能在每个生命阶段发挥着不同的作用：作物可能主要提供猎物，而非作物植物可以提供住所和补充食物。事实上，不管蚜虫是否存在，当非作物植物开花时，球虫的丰度更高。结果表明，瓢虫多样性较高时，瓢虫丰度与蚜虫捕食率呈正相关。当多样性较低时，单一种的高优势度限制了蚜虫的捕食。因此，在热带农业生态系统中，由瓢虫不同生命阶段的栖息地分配导致的物种互补性可能是影响生物多样性-生态系统服务关系的主要机制。

{"title":"Floral availability outweighs aphid presence in supporting coccinellid abundance across life stages and promotes aphid predation","authors":"Ana C. da Silva , Luiza C. Oliveira , João G. Costa , Madelaine Venzon , Marina R. Frizzas , Edison R. Sujii , Pedro H.B. Togni","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nature of the prevalent interactions within communities influences biodiversity–ecosystem service relationships, which could be strengthened as habitat and resource diversity promote species coexistence. When species share similar resources, their coexistence can enhance complementarity among predatory species in providing biological control in agroecosystems, depending on how different life stages of predatory insects use crop and non-crop habitats. To test these predictions, we assessed how different aphidophagous coccinellid life stages use crop and non-crop habitats and their consequences for aphid predation in organic tropical agroecosystems. We sampled all coccinellid life stages (abundance, species and diversity) and estimated aphid predation through a predator exclusion experiment in Brassica organic farms in Brazil. The use of both crop and non-crop plants (notably Asteraceae) by coccinellids increased their overall abundance within farms. We found no significant differences in the numbers of coccinellid eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults between crop and non-crop plants. However, our findings suggest that crops and non-crop habitats may play distinct roles for each life stage: crops might primarily provide prey, while non-crop plants could offer shelter and supplementary food. Indeed, coccinellid abundance was higher when flowers were present in non-crop plants, regardless of aphid presence. We found a positive relationship between coccinellid abundance and aphid predation only when coccinellid diversity was high. When diversity was low, the high dominance of a single species limited aphid predation. Therefore, species complementarity resulting from habitat partitioning across coccinellids’ life stages may emerge as a central mechanism influencing the positive biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships in tropical agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 92-97"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Space-for-Time Substitution to study changes in flowering phenology in herbaceous species is most reliable for early-flowering species 用时空替代法研究草本植物开花物候变化对早花物种最为可靠

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.007

Anna Knapp , Wolfgang Matzke , Barbara Knickmann , Christine Römermann , Robert Rauschkolb

Phenological events in plants are shifting worldwide in response to changes in climate. Studying long-term shifts of phenological events in plants using historical data can lead to a better understanding of processes driving phenological changes and a basis for predicting potential changes in the future. However, conducting such Time-for-Time Substitutions (TFTS), i.e., learning from the past to predict the future, remains rare due to limited availability of long-term data. An alternative method for understanding phenological change is the Space-for-Time Substitution (SFTS), in which the temporal gradient is reflected by a spatial gradient.

We used historical phenological records of 17 herbaceous species from botanical gardens in Vienna covering a period of 150 years and data from 11 botanical gardens covering a spatial gradient to test the space-time equivalence. We fitted a linear-mixed effect model to test for differences between the two approaches (i.e., changes in time vs. changes in space) for analysing the associations between annual flowering onset dates and temperature. In addition, we examined the species-specific suitability of SFTS in regard to species' temporal niches.

We showed that flowering advanced on average by seven days for a temperature increase of 1 °C, irrespective of the gradient considered. At the species level, however, we found that the known pattern that late-flowering species are less temperature-sensitive was not found with the SFTS dataset. The space-time equivalence was better fulfilled for early-flowering species than for late-flowering ones.

This study contributes significantly to phenological research, as it demonstrated that the SFTS generally applied for herbaceous species. However, this method should always be used with caution for species-specific questions. In addition, it remains unclear to what extent the patterns found in botanical gardens are also found in less-controlled habitats.

在全球范围内，植物物候事件随着气候变化而发生变化。利用历史数据研究植物物候事件的长期变化可以更好地理解物候变化的驱动过程，并为预测未来的潜在变化奠定基础。然而，由于长期数据的可用性有限，进行这种时间对时间的替代（TFTS），即从过去学习来预测未来，仍然很少见。另一种理解物候变化的方法是时空替代（SFTS），其中时间梯度由空间梯度反映。利用维也纳17个植物园150年的物候记录和11个不同空间梯度植物园的物候数据，验证了时空等价性。我们拟合了一个线性混合效应模型来检验两种方法之间的差异（即时间变化与空间变化），以分析每年开花日期与温度之间的关系。此外，我们还研究了SFTS在物种时间生态位方面的物种特异性适宜性。我们发现，无论考虑何种梯度，温度升高1°C，开花时间平均提前7天。然而，在物种水平上，我们发现在SFTS数据集中没有发现花期较晚的物种对温度不敏感的已知模式。早花物种比晚花物种更能满足时空等价性。该研究对物候研究具有重要意义，因为它表明SFTS普遍适用于草本物种。然而，对于特定物种的问题，这种方法应始终谨慎使用。此外，目前尚不清楚在植物园中发现的模式在多大程度上也能在控制较少的栖息地中发现。

{"title":"Space-for-Time Substitution to study changes in flowering phenology in herbaceous species is most reliable for early-flowering species","authors":"Anna Knapp , Wolfgang Matzke , Barbara Knickmann , Christine Römermann , Robert Rauschkolb","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phenological events in plants are shifting worldwide in response to changes in climate. Studying long-term shifts of phenological events in plants using historical data can lead to a better understanding of processes driving phenological changes and a basis for predicting potential changes in the future. However, conducting such Time-for-Time Substitutions (TFTS), i.e., learning from the past to predict the future, remains rare due to limited availability of long-term data. An alternative method for understanding phenological change is the Space-for-Time Substitution (SFTS), in which the temporal gradient is reflected by a spatial gradient.</div><div>We used historical phenological records of 17 herbaceous species from botanical gardens in Vienna covering a period of 150 years and data from 11 botanical gardens covering a spatial gradient to test the space-time equivalence. We fitted a linear-mixed effect model to test for differences between the two approaches (i.e., changes in time vs. changes in space) for analysing the associations between annual flowering onset dates and temperature. In addition, we examined the species-specific suitability of SFTS in regard to species' temporal niches.</div><div>We showed that flowering advanced on average by seven days for a temperature increase of 1 °C, irrespective of the gradient considered. At the species level, however, we found that the known pattern that late-flowering species are less temperature-sensitive was not found with the SFTS dataset. The space-time equivalence was better fulfilled for early-flowering species than for late-flowering ones.</div><div>This study contributes significantly to phenological research, as it demonstrated that the SFTS generally applied for herbaceous species. However, this method should always be used with caution for species-specific questions. In addition, it remains unclear to what extent the patterns found in botanical gardens are also found in less-controlled habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 98-105"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145463278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Native and alien plant species respond differently to landscape and local factors shaping spontaneous herbaceous vegetation in villages 原生和外来植物物种对景观和当地因素的反应不同，形成了村庄的自然草本植被

IF 3.5 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.006

Katalin Szitár , Balázs Deák , Erzsébet Domokos , Róbert Gallé , Dávid Korányi , Tamás Lakatos , Zoltán László , Attila Mátis , Zsombor Miholcsa , Katalin Molnár , Dragica Purger , Dorottya Sándor , László Somay , Gabriella Süle , Edina Török , István Urák , Orsolya Valkó , Péter Batáry

Most urban ecological research focuses on large cities, while smaller settlements remain understudied despite hosting a significant share of both human population and biodiversity. Their unique characteristics, such as lower sealed surface ratio and stronger ties to rural landscapes – highlighting the importance of the wider landscape-scale context – may lead to different ecological dynamics and require tailored planning and management. Here, we investigated how species composition of spontaneous herbaceous vegetation in villages is influenced by landscape-scale and local factors, with particular focus on native, archaeophyte and neophyte species. In 2022, we surveyed vegetation in 64 villages in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary and Romania), sampling public green areas at village centres and edges in contrasting landscape contexts (villages in city agglomeration vs. far from cities, and in semi-natural forested vs. agricultural landscapes). We recorded species richness and relative cover, along with local factors like shading, disturbance, mowing, green area shape, solar radiation, and built-up age. Native species richness was highest at village edges in semi-natural landscapes, whereas archaeophyte cover peaked in villages embedded in agricultural landscapes. Neophyte richness was consistently higher at village edges, regardless of landscape context. Locally, shading increased both neophyte richness and cover. Older settlements promoted higher native richness and cover but resulted in lower archaeophyte cover. Conversely, disturbance reduced native cover while enhancing archaeophyte cover. The divergent responses of the three species groups to landscape and local-scale factors underscore the importance of integrating both landscape-scale planning and local management in managing native and alien species in village green areas.

大多数城市生态研究都集中在大城市，而较小的定居点尽管拥有大量人口和生物多样性，但仍未得到充分研究。它们的独特特征，如较低的密封面比和与农村景观的更强联系——突出了更广泛的景观尺度背景的重要性——可能导致不同的生态动态，需要量身定制的规划和管理。本文研究了乡村自然草本植被的物种组成如何受到景观尺度和局地因素的影响，重点研究了原生植物、古生植物和新生植物。2022年，我们对喀尔巴阡盆地（匈牙利和罗马尼亚）64个村庄的植被进行了调查，在不同的景观背景下（城市群中的村庄与远离城市的村庄，半自然森林与农业景观），对村庄中心和边缘的公共绿地进行了采样。我们记录了物种丰富度和相对覆盖度，以及遮荫、干扰、刈割、绿地形状、太阳辐射和建筑年龄等局地因素。在半自然景观中，原生物种丰富度在村庄边缘最高，而在嵌入农业景观的村庄中，原生植物覆盖最高。无论景观背景如何，村庄边缘的新生植物丰富度始终较高。局部遮荫增加了新生植物的丰富度和覆盖度。较老的聚落促进了较高的原生丰富度和覆盖度，但导致了较低的古植物覆盖度。相反，干扰减少了原生植物的覆盖，增加了古植物的覆盖。这三种物种对景观和地方尺度因素的不同反应强调了将景观尺度规划和地方管理结合起来管理乡村绿地本地和外来物种的重要性。

{"title":"Native and alien plant species respond differently to landscape and local factors shaping spontaneous herbaceous vegetation in villages","authors":"Katalin Szitár , Balázs Deák , Erzsébet Domokos , Róbert Gallé , Dávid Korányi , Tamás Lakatos , Zoltán László , Attila Mátis , Zsombor Miholcsa , Katalin Molnár , Dragica Purger , Dorottya Sándor , László Somay , Gabriella Süle , Edina Török , István Urák , Orsolya Valkó , Péter Batáry","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2025.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most urban ecological research focuses on large cities, while smaller settlements remain understudied despite hosting a significant share of both human population and biodiversity. Their unique characteristics, such as lower sealed surface ratio and stronger ties to rural landscapes – highlighting the importance of the wider landscape-scale context – may lead to different ecological dynamics and require tailored planning and management. Here, we investigated how species composition of spontaneous herbaceous vegetation in villages is influenced by landscape-scale and local factors, with particular focus on native, archaeophyte and neophyte species. In 2022, we surveyed vegetation in 64 villages in the Carpathian Basin (Hungary and Romania), sampling public green areas at village centres and edges in contrasting landscape contexts (villages in city agglomeration vs. far from cities, and in semi-natural forested vs. agricultural landscapes). We recorded species richness and relative cover, along with local factors like shading, disturbance, mowing, green area shape, solar radiation, and built-up age. Native species richness was highest at village edges in semi-natural landscapes, whereas archaeophyte cover peaked in villages embedded in agricultural landscapes. Neophyte richness was consistently higher at village edges, regardless of landscape context. Locally, shading increased both neophyte richness and cover. Older settlements promoted higher native richness and cover but resulted in lower archaeophyte cover. Conversely, disturbance reduced native cover while enhancing archaeophyte cover. The divergent responses of the three species groups to landscape and local-scale factors underscore the importance of integrating both landscape-scale planning and local management in managing native and alien species in village green areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"89 ","pages":"Pages 50-58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0