Basic and Applied Ecology最新文献_第3页

Resource availability and competition shape pollinator trophic specialization in longleaf pine savannas

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.01.004

Pablo Moreno-García , Johanna E. Freeman , Benjamin Baiser , Joshua W. Campbell , Daijiang Li

Realized trophic specialization, or the food resources with which a species interacts locally, is driven by a species fundamental niche, resource availability, and competition. However, the simultaneous effects of resource availability and competition on trophic specialization have yet to be investigated in plant-pollinator networks. Here, we disentangled the effects of resource availability (i.e., blooming plant diversity and abundance), and pollinator competitor pool (i.e., pollinator species richness, and abundance of conspecific and heterospecific pollinator individuals) on pollinator trophic specialization. We used samples collected over an entire flowering season in 24 xeric pine savannas in north-central Florida, USA and evaluated the effects of plant availability and pollinator competitor pool on three aspects of trophic specialization: taxonomic specialization (pollinator selection of plant species), phylogenetic specialization (pollinator selection of plant phylogenetic lineages), and functional specialization (pollinator selection of plant functional traits). Our results show that flowering resources and the pools of pollinator competitors both influence pollinator trophic specialization. Individual pollinators reacted to higher pollinator richness by interacting with more flowering plants (i.e.,taxonomically generalist), underscoring the vulnerability of pollination systems to pollinator extinctions (i.e., pollinators visit fewer plant species when there are fewer insect competitors present). Pollinators were more specialized in communities containing many conspecific pollinators, possibly reflecting pollinator preferences. Finally, in more diverse flowering plant assemblages, pollinators were taxonomic specialists in flower visitation but phylogenetic and functional generalists, providing pollination services across diverse plant assemblages.

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引用次数: 0

Cliff ecosystems: A critical yet uncharted frontier for research and conservation

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2025-01-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2025.01.001

Martí March-Salas , María Begoña García , Isaac H. Lichter-Marck , Juan Lorite , Manuel J. Steinbauer

Cliffs, all over the world, are often exceptionally rich in endemic, rare and endangered plant species. Historically, cliffs have been among the least human-disturbed habitats, but they now face increasing direct and indirect pressures. Human activities, such as recreational rock climbing, can lead to habitat deterioration or species loss, while the ongoing climate warming can also alter the characteristics of cliff habitats and their inhabitants. Despite their outstanding conservation value and the growing pressures they face, there is relatively little research on cliff ecosystems. Here, we aim to contextualize previous research and showcase contributions from this Special Issue entitled “Ecology, Evolution and Conservation of Cliff Flora”. Articles in this issue address a great variety of perspectives in cliff research such as: evaluating the potential loss of unique genetic diversity in endangered and rare cliff plants; understanding past, present and future distribution patterns, population dynamics, and evolutionary processes in cliffs in the context of climate change; examining abiotic and biotic feedbacks and interactions occurring in these habitats; assessing the current conservation status of cliff flora at global scale, and exploring new pathways to study and monitor the diversity of cliff habitats. Our goal was to present a variety of examples of past and current research, highlight gaps, novel approaches, and future directions for basic and applied cliff ecology. In this context, we aim to help elucidate evolutionary and functional patterns and processes in this unique ecosystem, while also promoting the conservation of cliff habitats and their hosted organisms.

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引用次数: 0

The extended role of carrion: Insect consumption and hair taking at fox carcasses

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.008

Daniel Redondo-Gómez , José M. Gil-Sánchez , Moisés Gonzálvez , Carlos Martínez-Carrasco , Esther Sebastián-González , Lidia Rosell , Pablo Jiménez-Nájar , José A. Sánchez-Zapata , Daniel Martín-Vega , Marcos Moleón

Scavenging has been profusely studied in the last decades. However, carrion is more than a direct source of food for scavengers and decomposers, as it may provide many non-scavenging ecological functions. These include the provision of carrion insects to insectivores and hair to nest-building species. However, the patterns of use of these resources are greatly unknown. In this context, carnivore carcasses may represent an outstanding study model because they usually persist in the environment for longer than herbivore carcasses. Here, we used video-trapping to explore the consumption of carrion insects and hair taking at 99 red fox (Vulpes vulpes) carcasses in three areas of southeastern Spain. Carcasses were frequently used for consuming insects and taking hair (7.3 events in total on average per carcass). These non-scavenging behaviors were observed over eight weeks for most carcasses, peaking around the fifth week. Birds were the main users of carcasses, distantly followed by mammals; reptiles were only recorded feeding occasionally on carrion insects. These behaviors were more frequent during spring, when the demand for insects for offspring feeding and hair for nest building is maximized by many vertebrates. Moreover, the community of species exhibiting each of these behaviors was highly organized, as evidenced from their nested structure. We observed co-occurrence of insect consumption and hair taking in a quarter of carcasses, with co-occurrence being mostly due to chance and certain individuals and groups that used some carcasses for both purposes. Overall, non-scavenging uses of fox carcasses by vertebrates in our study area is more frequent than scavenging, which highlights the broad ecological relevance of carnivore carcasses and opens exciting future research avenues.

{"title":"The extended role of carrion: Insect consumption and hair taking at fox carcasses","authors":"Daniel Redondo-Gómez , José M. Gil-Sánchez , Moisés Gonzálvez , Carlos Martínez-Carrasco , Esther Sebastián-González , Lidia Rosell , Pablo Jiménez-Nájar , José A. Sánchez-Zapata , Daniel Martín-Vega , Marcos Moleón","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scavenging has been profusely studied in the last decades. However, carrion is more than a direct source of food for scavengers and decomposers, as it may provide many non-scavenging ecological functions. These include the provision of carrion insects to insectivores and hair to nest-building species. However, the patterns of use of these resources are greatly unknown. In this context, carnivore carcasses may represent an outstanding study model because they usually persist in the environment for longer than herbivore carcasses. Here, we used video-trapping to explore the consumption of carrion insects and hair taking at 99 red fox (V<em>ulpes vulpes</em>) carcasses in three areas of southeastern Spain. Carcasses were frequently used for consuming insects and taking hair (7.3 events in total on average per carcass). These non-scavenging behaviors were observed over eight weeks for most carcasses, peaking around the fifth week. Birds were the main users of carcasses, distantly followed by mammals; reptiles were only recorded feeding occasionally on carrion insects. These behaviors were more frequent during spring, when the demand for insects for offspring feeding and hair for nest building is maximized by many vertebrates. Moreover, the community of species exhibiting each of these behaviors was highly organized, as evidenced from their nested structure. We observed co-occurrence of insect consumption and hair taking in a quarter of carcasses, with co-occurrence being mostly due to chance and certain individuals and groups that used some carcasses for both purposes. Overall, non-scavenging uses of fox carcasses by vertebrates in our study area is more frequent than scavenging, which highlights the broad ecological relevance of carnivore carcasses and opens exciting future research avenues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 12-22"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Floristic composition and plant functional type diversity of the basalt cliffs of Western Ghats, India

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-12-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.007

Vijayan Smrithy , Aboli Kulkarni , Bhushan K. Shigwan , Rohan Shetti , Mandar N. Datar

Cliffs in India, as understudied rock outcrops, provide valuable opportunities for studying plant communities. This study quantifies the plant communities on basalt cliff faces in the Northern Western Ghats (NWG) region of India, aiming to explore floristic composition and examine vegetation responses to environmental variations. We employed the Plant Functional Types (PFTs) classification system, which is particularly well-suited for the unique characteristics of the cliff ecosystem. We recorded 231 vascular plant species across 39 locations spanning altitudes from 100 m to 1300 m and latitudes from 15° to 21° N, using the transect-quadrat method. A total of 480 quadrats measuring 1-m² were sampled across 80 transects on the cliff faces. Nine PFTs were identified in NWG cliffs with dominance of carnivores and therophytes. We examined the impact of environmental filters on PFT distribution and their interactions through bivariate and multivariate analyses. Significant variations in PFTs were observed across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. The principal component analysis identified temperature and precipitation as primary influencers, outweighing altitude and latitude. Redundancy analysis indicated that stress-tolerant PFTs predominated in hotter, drier conditions, whereas stress-avoidant PFTs thrived in areas with higher precipitation, typically found at lower to mid altitudes. Our study underscores a stronger correlation between plant communities on cliff faces and altitude rather than latitude in the NWG. In conclusion, our study elucidates the characteristics of cliff vegetation in the Northern Western Ghats, emphasising the pivotal roles of temperature, precipitation, and seasonality as significant environmental factors influencing plant community structures across our study sites.

{"title":"Floristic composition and plant functional type diversity of the basalt cliffs of Western Ghats, India","authors":"Vijayan Smrithy , Aboli Kulkarni , Bhushan K. Shigwan , Rohan Shetti , Mandar N. Datar","doi":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cliffs in India, as understudied rock outcrops, provide valuable opportunities for studying plant communities. This study quantifies the plant communities on basalt cliff faces in the Northern Western Ghats (NWG) region of India, aiming to explore floristic composition and examine vegetation responses to environmental variations. We employed the Plant Functional Types (PFTs) classification system, which is particularly well-suited for the unique characteristics of the cliff ecosystem. We recorded 231 vascular plant species across 39 locations spanning altitudes from 100 m to 1300 m and latitudes from 15° to 21° N, using the transect-quadrat method. A total of 480 quadrats measuring 1-m² were sampled across 80 transects on the cliff faces. Nine PFTs were identified in NWG cliffs with dominance of carnivores and therophytes. We examined the impact of environmental filters on PFT distribution and their interactions through bivariate and multivariate analyses. Significant variations in PFTs were observed across altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. The principal component analysis identified temperature and precipitation as primary influencers, outweighing altitude and latitude. Redundancy analysis indicated that stress-tolerant PFTs predominated in hotter, drier conditions, whereas stress-avoidant PFTs thrived in areas with higher precipitation, typically found at lower to mid altitudes. Our study underscores a stronger correlation between plant communities on cliff faces and altitude rather than latitude in the NWG. In conclusion, our study elucidates the characteristics of cliff vegetation in the Northern Western Ghats, emphasising the pivotal roles of temperature, precipitation, and seasonality as significant environmental factors influencing plant community structures across our study sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8708,"journal":{"name":"Basic and Applied Ecology","volume":"83 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143098329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bird guilds need different features on city squares

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.12.003

Maximilian Mühlbauer , Wolfgang W. Weisser , Beate Apfelbeck , Nina Müller , Sebastian T. Meyer

Urban green spaces provide habitats for animals. However, animals differ in habitat requirements depending on their traits. Consequently, it remains unclear how animal guilds differ in their response to characteristics of urban green spaces like shrubs, trees or grass. Using birds inhabiting city squares in Munich as a model system, we ask: Do trait-based bird guilds respond differently to characteristics of small green spaces? What is the difference between an urban-adapted bird community and an exploiter like the Feral Pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica)? Do the responses of guilds and the Feral Pigeon differ between spring and winter?

We show that all guilds profited from green structures, and most guilds benefited from trees and grass cover on city squares. Additional green characteristics influenced some guilds. Cavity-breeding birds needed old trees, and ground-nesting birds decreased with the presence of domestic animals but increased with the shrub volume on a square. Also, insectivorous birds increased with an increasing number of old trees on a square. In contrast to these guilds, the Feral Pigeon did not react to any green characteristic but increased with the abundance of people. Only a few guilds showed differing responses for single variables between seasons. A community analysis revealed that squares differed in the abundance of guilds and the Feral Pigeon. We, therefore, confirm the positive effects of creating urban vegetation for many bird guilds but suggest to plan urban green spaces diversely considering the particular needs of different guilds to promote urban biodiversity.

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引用次数: 0

Cliffs support lichen communities unique from nearby forests 悬崖上生长着附近森林特有的地衣群落

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.11.003

Laura M. Boggess , Georgia R. Harrison , James C. Lendemer

Cliffs support rare, endemic, and glacial relict vegetation that may differ from vegetation in surrounding forests. Yet, cliffs are difficult to sample, and rock-dwelling lichens can be challenging to identify; therefore, cliff lichens are often excluded from biodiversity studies. This omission creates fundamental gaps in our understanding of cliff lichens that lead to underestimation of overall community diversity. This study addresses one such gap by asking a basic question: do lichen communities on cliffs differ from rock-dwelling lichen communities in forests? To answer this question, we compared lichen communities from three cliffs in the Linville Gorge (North Carolina, USA; 369 m² of cliff face surveyed) to rock and soil-dwelling lichen communities in forested plots across the same region (Southern Appalachian Mountains, USA, Alabama to North Carolina; 198 1-hectare forested plots). Forest plots were further divided into three groups based on elevation, proximity to Linville Gorge cliffs, and location within the state of North Carolina. A total of 225 rock or soil-dwelling lichen species were found in forest plots throughout the study area, while 104 species were found on cliffs. Two rare cliff-specialist species, Canoparmelia alabamensis, and Chrysothrix susquehannensis, were locally abundant on the studied cliffs but absent from surrounding forests. Our results show that cliffs support 20% of regional rock-dwelling lichen diversity, and that these cliff communities are distinct from those in forests. The high diversity, occurrence of unique species, and presence of rare lichens on cliffs indicate that cliff lichens should be included in biodiversity inventories and stewardship plans. To support this inclusion, we provide the first checklist for the lichens of Linville Gorge. Checklists like this one, including both cliff and non-cliff lichens, provide data on regional diversity and rarity that inform lichen conservation and rock climbing management.

悬崖支撑着稀有的、特有的和冰川遗留的植被，这些植被可能与周围森林的植被不同。然而，悬崖很难取样，居住在岩石上的地衣很难识别；因此，悬崖地衣经常被排除在生物多样性研究之外。这种遗漏在我们对悬崖地衣的理解中造成了根本性的空白，导致对整体群落多样性的低估。这项研究通过提出一个基本问题来解决这样一个差距：悬崖上的地衣群落与森林中的岩石地衣群落有什么不同吗？为了回答这个问题，我们比较了美国北卡罗来纳州林维尔峡谷（Linville Gorge）三个悬崖上的地衣群落；在同一地区(美国南部阿巴拉契亚山脉，阿拉巴马州到北卡罗来纳州；198个1公顷林地)。根据海拔高度、靠近林维尔峡谷悬崖和位于北卡罗来纳州的位置，森林地块进一步分为三组。研究区森林样地共发现225种岩石或土壤地衣，悬崖上共发现104种地衣。两种罕见的悬崖专家物种，Canoparmelia alabamensis和Chrysothrix susquehannensis，在研究的悬崖上大量存在，但在周围的森林中却没有。研究结果表明，悬崖支持了20%的区域岩居地衣多样性，并且这些悬崖群落与森林中的地衣群落不同。崖上地衣的高度多样性、独特物种的出现和珍稀地衣的存在表明崖上地衣应被列入生物多样性清单和管理计划。为了支持这一纳入，我们提供了林维尔峡谷地衣的第一个清单。像这样的清单，包括悬崖和非悬崖地衣，提供了区域多样性和稀有性的数据，为地衣保护和攀岩管理提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of an extreme drought event on clonal reproduction and the acclimation capacity of the succulent plant Sempervivum tectorum L. 极端干旱事件对多肉植物 Sempervivum tectorum L 的克隆繁殖和适应能力的影响

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.10.011

Sabina Villadangos , Sergi Munné-Bosch

Functional traits have been defined as those that affect organismal performance, that is growth and development, reproduction and survival, so they have been generally associated with acclimation and adaptation. Here, we aimed to study the impact of an extreme drought event on clonal reproduction and hormonal mechanisms underlying acclimation of houseleek (Sempervivum tectorum L.), a plant adapted to survive harsh environments. We also explored the validity of growth- and stress-related phytohormones as functional traits to evaluate stress acclimation responses in the field. We compared the response of plants, considering both mother rosettes and newly produced clones, to a very extreme summer drought event occurring in small cliffs in Les Guilleries mountains (NE Spain). We measured various stress makers in the field together with hormonal profiling through a metabolomic approach using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Results showed that clonal propagation was arrested during the study period and revealed a 100-fold increase in abscisic acid content from spring to summer both in mothers and new clones, concomitantly with reductions in relative water content, which decreased by 20% only. The stress-related bioactive jasmonate, jasmonoyl-isoleucine increased simultaneously with abscisic acid, while growth-related hormones, including bioactive cytokinins (2-isopentenyl adenine and trans-zeatin) decreased from spring to summer, which was consistent with growth arrest. It is concluded that S. tectorum adjusts recruitment of new clones during periods of low water availability and withstands extreme drought events during the summer (preventing severe cell turgor loss at soil water contents below 2% and temperatures above 43 ºC) by successfully activating a complex hormonal response that underlies the great capacity of this species to survive extreme climatic events.

功能性状被定义为影响生物体性能的性状，即生长发育、繁殖和生存，因此它们通常与适应和调适有关。在这里，我们的目的是研究极端干旱事件对家燕草（Sempervivum tectorum L.）克隆繁殖的影响以及适应恶劣环境的激素机制。我们还探索了与生长和胁迫相关的植物激素作为功能特征的有效性，以评估田间的胁迫适应反应。我们比较了植物（包括莲座母株和新培育的克隆株）对西班牙东北部吉列里山区小悬崖上发生的夏季极端干旱事件的反应。我们采用液相色谱-串联质谱的代谢组学方法，在田间测量了各种胁迫因子，并进行了激素分析。结果表明，在研究期间，克隆繁殖被抑制，并发现从春季到夏季，母本和新克隆的赤霉酸含量增加了 100 倍，同时相对含水量减少，仅降低了 20%。与胁迫有关的生物活性茉莉酸、茉莉酰异亮氨酸与赤霉酸同时增加，而与生长有关的激素，包括生物活性细胞分裂素（2-异戊烯基腺嘌呤和反玉米素）从春季到夏季减少，这与生长停滞一致。结论是，S. tectorum 通过成功激活复杂的荷尔蒙反应，在低水分供应期调整新克隆的招募，并抵御夏季的极端干旱事件（在土壤含水量低于 2% 和温度高于 43 ºC 时防止严重的细胞张力损失），这种反应是该物种在极端气候事件中生存的强大能力的基础。

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引用次数: 0

Field margin management for promoting plant diversity—A functional approach to investigating the effects of multiple measures on plant community dynamics 促进植物多样性的田边管理--研究多种措施对植物群落动态影响的功能方法

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.10.009

Luise Franke , Christine S. Sheppard , Marco R. Brendel , Carsten M. Buchmann , Viktoria Ferenc , Jinlei Zhu , Frank M. Schurr

Strategies to counteract the loss of arable plant diversity often target field margins. Yet there is still need for research on how arable plant diversity is impacted by the type, scale and diversity of margin management. To assess this experimentally, we combined five measures imposing different disturbance regimes (flower-strip mown twice a year, tilling in spring or autumn, adding sand as substrate, and frequent mowing as a control) at two spatial scales.

We explored how plant community dynamics are affected by both single measures and their combination. We addressed four hypotheses: H1) single measures shift community weighted mean (CWM) values of functional traits and reduce the within-measure community weighted standard deviation (CWSD) of these traits; H2) heavy disturbance (early tilling and sand) causes taxonomic and functional diversity (alpha-diversity) to increase over time; H3) combining different measures increases dissimilarity (beta-diversity) and thus gamma-diversity across measures; and H4) increased spatial heterogeneity of measures promotes all levels of diversity.

We found shifts in CWM and reduced CWSD in flower-strips (smaller seed mass, perennial lifespan) and late-tilling (later flowering-onset) whereas sand and early-tilling tended to increase CWSD (H1). Trends across measures indicate shifts towards species with competitive strategies (H1). Compared to frequently mown controls, heavy disturbance (sand and early-tilling) promoted alpha-diversity over time, despite lower initial diversity. Moderate disturbance (flower-strip, late tilling) initially promoted alpha-diversity, but diversity then did not increase further (H2). Combining different measures promoted diversity compared to single measures, but the similarity between measures increased over time (H3). Scale played a minor role in determining community-composition (H4).

Disturbance regimes imposed by different management of field margins shape the functional composition of arable plant communities. Strategies combining different measures help to balance initial benefits of moderate disturbance with the longer-term diversity gains from heavier disturbance.

应对耕地植物多样性丧失的策略通常以田边为目标。然而，对于田边管理的类型、规模和多样性如何影响耕地植物多样性，仍有研究的必要。为了在实验中评估这一点，我们在两个空间尺度上结合了五种施加不同干扰机制的措施（每年两次花条刈割、春季或秋季翻耕、添加沙子作为基质以及频繁刈割作为对照）。我们提出了四个假设：H1）单一措施会改变功能特征的群落加权平均值（CWM），并降低这些特征的措施内群落加权标准偏差（CWSD）；H2）严重干扰（早期翻耕和沙地）会导致分类和功能多样性（α-多样性）随着时间的推移而增加；H3）不同措施的组合会增加差异（β-多样性），从而增加不同措施间的γ-多样性；H4）措施的空间异质性增加会促进所有层次的多样性。我们发现，花条植物（种子质量较小、多年生寿命）和晚耕植物（开花时间较晚）的 CWM 发生变化，CWSD 减少，而沙生植物和早耕植物的 CWSD 趋于增加（H1）。各项指标的变化趋势表明，植物向具有竞争策略的物种转变（H1）。与经常刈割的对照组相比，尽管最初的多样性较低，但随着时间的推移，严重干扰（沙地和早期翻耕）会促进α-多样性。中度干扰（花条、晚翻耕）最初促进了α-多样性，但随后多样性没有进一步增加（H2）。与单一测量方法相比，将不同测量方法结合起来可促进多样性，但测量方法之间的相似性会随着时间的推移而增加（H3）。不同的田边管理所施加的干扰制度决定了可耕植物群落的功能组成。将不同措施结合起来的策略有助于平衡适度干扰带来的初期效益和较严重干扰带来的长期多样性收益。

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引用次数: 0

Early Career Researchers advocate for raising the profile of bryophyte ecological research 早期职业研究人员倡导提高红叶植物生态研究的地位

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.11.001

Till J. Deilmann , Ditte Marie Christiansen , Mariana García Criado , Theresa Möller , Maren Schüle , Alexander Täuber

Bryophyte research is severely underrepresented compared to vascular plant research, even though we know that bryophytes are crucial components of ecosystems and contribute significantly to ecosystem functions and processes, and thus to ecosystem services. This underrepresentation creates many hurdles and barriers that Early Career Researchers (ECRs) must first overcome to establish in this field, which significantly hinders research now and in the future. Therefore, this work deals with the future of bryophyte research, and bryophyte ecology in particular, which is reflected in the perspectives of ECRs in this scientific field. By listing the many barriers that bryophyte researchers and especially ECRs face, including underrepresentation, funding and publishing, but also possible solutions, we want to raise awareness for and advocate to raise the profile of bryophyte research. We here identify multiple barriers that bryophyte-focused ECRs face and what is needed to overcome them. We address different structural and institutional levels, ranging from early education in schools to academia, funding and publishing. Raising the profile of bryophyte research works on many different levels simultaneously. To improve the prospects of bryophytes and thus increase scientific interest in, and ultimately understanding of, this important group of plants, we need to raise awareness now.

与维管束植物研究相比，红叶植物研究的代表性严重不足，尽管我们知道红叶植物是生态系统的重要组成部分，对生态系统的功能和过程，进而对生态系统服务做出了重大贡献。这种代表性不足的情况造成了许多障碍和壁垒，早期职业研究人员（ECRs）必须首先克服这些障碍和壁垒才能在这一领域立足，这极大地阻碍了现在和未来的研究工作。因此，这项工作涉及红叶植物研究，特别是红叶植物生态学的未来，这反映在 ECR 在这一科学领域的视角中。通过列举红叶植物研究人员，尤其是欧洲红叶植物研究人员所面临的诸多障碍，包括代表性不足、资金和出版，以及可能的解决方案，我们希望提高人们对红叶植物研究的认识，并倡导提高红叶植物研究的地位。我们在此指出了以红叶植物为重点的 ECR 所面临的多重障碍，以及克服这些障碍所需的措施。我们探讨了从学校早期教育到学术界、资金和出版等不同的结构和制度层面。提高红叶植物研究的知名度需要同时在多个不同层面开展工作。为了改善红叶植物的前景，从而提高科学界对这一重要植物群体的兴趣，并最终加深对其的了解，我们现在就需要提高认识。

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引用次数: 0

Conservation translocations in urban environments: State of the knowledge and future directions 城市环境中的保护性迁移：知识现状与未来方向

IF 3 2区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ECOLOGY

Basic and Applied Ecology

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2024.10.008

Julian Brown, Nicholas S.G. Williams, Kylie Soanes

Cities are important for biodiversity conservation and are a central focus in the United Nations Decade of Ecosystem Restoration. Species reintroductions and population reinforcements (i.e. conservation translocations) are an important component of conservation, yet are rare in urban environments, possibly because of perceived risks in highly modified and complex social-ecological urban systems. Here we review the literature describing urban conservation translocations to provide guidance for their effective implementation. We find that urban translocations have been performed for a variety of aims including focal species conservation, improvements in ecosystem functions in the later stages of restoration projects (e.g. seed dispersal in revegetated sites) and for site remediation (e.g. organic pollution removal), and enhancing human-nature connections. Conservation translocations were found in a range of urban habitat types including formal and informal greenspaces, grey spaces, streams, ponds, and marine environments, ranging from near-historic conditions (e.g. remnant/restored sites) to highly modified novel/designed systems. Barriers and enablers varied between terrestrial and aquatic release sites, with predators, habitat suitability, and leaving release sites being more important in terrestrial sites and disturbance (flooding) regime and pollution being more important in aquatic sites. A range of techniques have been applied to mitigate these barriers. Success rates in urban translocations are high (>90 %) and comparable to conservation translocations in general, suggesting they can contribute to urban biodiversity conservation by assisting species to overcome dispersal barriers and occupy otherwise suitable urban habitats. However, evaluation methods vary widely between urban translocation studies. There is also a need for longer-term monitoring of translocation success that might be achieved simultaneously while enhancing human-nature connections through citizen science programs.

城市对生物多样性保护非常重要，也是联合国生态系统恢复十年的核心重点。物种再引入和种群强化（即保护性迁移）是保护工作的重要组成部分，但在城市环境中却很少见，这可能是因为在高度变化和复杂的社会-生态城市系统中存在可感知的风险。在此，我们回顾了有关城市保护性迁移的文献，为其有效实施提供指导。我们发现，进行城市迁移的目的多种多样，包括保护重点物种、在恢复项目的后期阶段改善生态系统功能（如在重新植被的地点播撒种子）、进行场地修复（如清除有机污染）以及加强人与自然的联系。在一系列城市栖息地类型中发现了保护性迁移，包括正规和非正规绿地、灰色空间、溪流、池塘和海洋环境，范围从接近历史条件（如残留/修复场地）到高度改造的新型/设计系统。陆生和水生放归地的障碍和有利因素各不相同，陆生放归地的天敌、栖息地适宜性和离开放归地更为重要，而水生放归地的干扰（洪水）机制和污染更为重要。已经采用了一系列技术来减少这些障碍。城市迁移的成功率很高（90%），可与一般的保护性迁移相媲美，这表明迁移可以帮助物种克服扩散障碍，占据原本合适的城市栖息地，从而为保护城市生物多样性做出贡献。然而，不同城市迁移研究的评估方法大相径庭。此外，还需要对迁移成功与否进行更长期的监测，并通过公民科学计划加强人与自然的联系。

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引用次数: 0