Behavioural Processes最新文献_第8页

Understanding (and appreciating) behavioral complexity of zebrafish novel tank assays 理解（和欣赏）斑马鱼的行为复杂性的新水箱试验。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105230

Nikita I. Golushko , Daniil Matrynov , David S. Galstyan , Kirill V. Apukhtin , Murilo S. de Abreu , Longen Yang , Adam Michael Stewart , Allan V. Kalueff

Zebrafish are rapidly becoming an important model organism in neurobehavioral research. The novel tank diving test is commonly used for assessing locomotor, anxiety-related and other behaviors in adult zebrafish. Assessing characteristic neophobic bottom preference, erratic movements and freezing/immobility behavior, the test represents a fast, easy-to-perform, single-trial novelty-based assay sensitive to pharmacological, genetic and environmental manipulations. Here, we critically evaluate key behavioral parameters in the novel tank test, and multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the assessment of fish behavioral phenotypes, including habituation, homebase, social behaviors, stress responses, novelty/familiarity and personality traits. We also discuss the value of this assay for modeling a broad spectrum of brain phenomena, including generalized anxiety, fear, panic-like, post-traumatic stress- and depression-like behavior. Overall, the emerging behavioral complexity of the novel tank test extends beyond the traditional dichotomic conflict between fear and exploration, likely reflecting multiple overlapping neurobehavioral domains in zebrafish.

斑马鱼正迅速成为神经行为研究的重要模式生物。新型的水箱潜水试验被广泛用于评估成年斑马鱼的运动、焦虑等行为。基于特征的新恐惧症底部偏好，不稳定的运动和冻结/不动行为，该测试代表了一种快速，易于执行，单次试验新颖的检测，对药理学，遗传和环境操作敏感。在此，我们批判性地评估了新型鱼缸试验中的关键行为参数，以及影响鱼类行为表型评估的多种内在和外在因素，包括习惯化、本垒、社会行为、应激反应、新奇/熟悉度和人格特征。我们还讨论了该分析对广谱脑现象建模的价值，包括广泛性焦虑、恐惧、恐慌样、创伤后应激和抑郁样行为。总的来说，新水箱测试的行为复杂性超越了传统的恐惧和探索之间的二分冲突，可能反映了斑马鱼的多个重叠的神经行为领域。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental analysis of choice behavior in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) 日本鳗（Anguilla japonica）选择行为的实验分析。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105227

Shigeru Watanabe

The choice behavior of Japanese eels was analyzed using a generalized matching law. The eels were trained to select between two pipes in a water pool apparatus. Upon entering a pipe, the subjects received reinforcement in the form of a fixed stay duration, which varied from 10 to 2 min, resulting in different reinforcement magnitudes. The application of the generalized matching law successfully predicted the eels' choices and revealed a tendency toward undermatching. Notably, this experiment introduced three novel elements: 1) a new species under study, 2) a novel form of reinforcement, and 3) a discrete trial training method rather than traditional free operant training. These findings broaden the scope of the applicability of the generalized matching law, illustrating its relevance across different species, reinforcement modalities, and training methodologies, thus suggesting universality in the phenomenon of undermatching.

利用广义匹配律分析了日本鳗鲡的选择行为。这些鳗鱼被训练在水池装置中的两根管子之间进行选择。在进入管道后，受试者接受固定停留时间的强化，停留时间从10到2min不等，从而产生不同的强化幅度。应用广义匹配律成功地预测了鳗鱼的选择，并揭示了不匹配的趋势。值得注意的是，该实验引入了三个新元素：1)一个新的研究物种；2)一种新的强化形式；3)一种离散试验训练方法，而不是传统的自由操作训练。这些发现扩大了广义匹配定律的适用性范围，说明了它在不同物种、强化方式和训练方法之间的相关性，从而表明了不匹配现象的普遍性。

引用次数: 0

The function of antennation as courtship in bean beetles 触角在豆甲虫求偶时的功能

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105229

Frances S. Rice , Lia Romanotto , Sylvie Paddon-Jones, Flavia Barbosa

During mating, male bean beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) engage in antennation, a behavior where they rapidly tap the female’s back immediately before intromission. Behavioral observations suggest that antennation may function as courtship in this species, but this has not yet been empirically tested. Here we sought to determine the function of antennation by investigating whether females prefer higher antennation intensity. We tested this by measuring and comparing mating behaviors of females who mated with either control males or males where one antenna had been ablated. By ablating one of the male’s antennae, we were able to manipulate the female’s perception of antennation intensity. We found that when females mated with a single male, the ablation treatment had no effect on the female preference behaviors we measured (latency to copulate, kicking behavior, and clutch size). However, when females were allowed to mate twice, once with a control and once with a manipulated male, we found that females laid more eggs when they mated with a control male. Overall, we found that females show a preference for more intense antennation behavior by increasing their clutch size when they mate multiply. This supports the hypothesis that antennation functions as courtship in this species.

在交配期间，雄性豆甲虫（Callosobruchus maculatus）会进行触须，在进入之前，它们会迅速拍一下雌性的背部。行为观察表明，触角可能在这个物种中起到求爱的作用，但这还没有经过实证检验。在这里，我们试图通过调查雌性是否喜欢更高的触角强度来确定触角的功能。我们通过测量和比较雌性与对照雄性或一只天线被切除的雄性交配的交配行为来测试这一点。通过切除雄性的一根触角，我们能够操纵雌性对触角强度的感知。我们发现，当雌性与单个雄性交配时，消融治疗对我们测量的雌性偏好行为（交配潜伏期、踢腿行为和窝卵数量）没有影响。然而，当雌性被允许交配两次时，一次与对照雄性交配，一次与被操纵的雄性交配，我们发现雌性在与对照雄性交配时产下更多的卵。总的来说，我们发现雌性在交配繁殖时通过增加窝的数量来表现出对更强烈的触角行为的偏好。这支持了该物种的触角功能是求爱的假设。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term variability in the song of the thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and its relations to the territorial behavior of males 画眉夜莺（Luscinia Luscinia）歌声的长期变异性及其与雄性领土行为的关系

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105228

Vladimir Ivanitskii , Julia Bezrukova , Anastasia Grebenkova , Maria Mikhylova , Aleksey Opaev , Andrei Vlasov , Irina Marova

Researchers have paid a lot of attention to the temporal variability of birdsong. Data obtained during long-term observations are of particular interest in this context. In this article, we present evidences of the long-term dynamics of the thrush nightingale singing in the Kursk region (Russia) over a period of almost half a century. The average size of individual repertoires remained relatively stable throughout the entire observation period, despite an almost twofold increase in the total size of the population's repertoire. Over 40 years (1975 – 2014), the population repertoire of song types has changed completely. For five years (2014–2018), the repertoire remained relatively stable, while in the next six years (2018–2023) there was a complete change again. Thus, the evolution of the population repertoires of the song types over time includes both periods of relative stability and periods of rapid changes up to a complete change in the composition of the dialect in just a few years. In playback experiments, we tested male response to changes in song over time to ascertain how song evolution has affected signal efficacy in male–male competition. There were no obvious differences in the response of territorial males to the playback of songs recorded in 1975 and 2023. We hypothesize that the perception of thrush nightingales is well adapted to the numerous and relatively rapid changes in the local dialect, so their response to playback does not significantly depend on the specific recording presented.

研究人员对鸟类鸣叫的时间变异性给予了很大的关注。在这方面，在长期观测中获得的数据特别令人感兴趣。在这篇文章中，我们提出了近半个世纪以来库尔斯克地区（俄罗斯）画眉夜莺歌唱的长期动态证据。在整个观察期间，个体曲目的平均规模保持相对稳定，尽管人口曲目的总规模增加了近两倍。在过去的40年里（1975年至2014年），人们对歌曲类型的保留曲目发生了完全的变化。在2014-2018年的五年中，剧目保持相对稳定，而在接下来的六年（2018-2023年）中，剧目又发生了彻底的变化。因此，随着时间的推移，歌曲类型的人口曲目的演变既包括相对稳定的时期，也包括快速变化的时期，直到方言组成在短短几年内发生完全变化。在回放实验中，我们测试了雄性对歌曲变化的反应，以确定歌曲进化如何影响雄性竞争中的信号效率。领地雄性对1975年和2023年录制的歌曲播放的反应无明显差异。我们假设画鸫夜莺的感知很好地适应了当地方言的大量和相对快速的变化，因此它们对回放的反应并不明显依赖于所呈现的特定录音。

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引用次数: 0

Territorial defense is ineffective at protecting eggs from predation in the endangered Leon Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus) 领土防御在保护濒临灭绝的利昂泉幼鱼的卵免受捕食方面是无效的。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105219

Jennifer L. Snekser , John K. Leiser , Natalie A. van Breukelen , Murray Itzkowitz

In an experimental field study, we examined the effectiveness of territorial defense by male Leon Springs pupfish (Cyprinodon bovinus) in safeguarding eggs from predation. Both Pecos gambusia (Gambusia nobilis) and small C. bovinus intrude into territories to forage and will follow spawning pairs to eat newly deposited eggs. To test whether attacking and chasing these intruders would reduce the number of eggs that territorial males lost to predation, we excluded large males from different portions of their territories but still allowed the smaller fish to access those areas. Males lost many of their eggs to predators, but a similar number and proportion of eggs were lost to predation whether males could or could not defend those portions of the territory. We speculate that the haphazard distribution of egg laying by females may play a more important role than territorial defense in mitigating egg predation and discuss broader concerns of egg predation and habitat loss as threats to the survival of this endangered species.

在野外实验研究中，我们研究了雄性利昂春幼鱼（Cyprinodon bovinus）保护卵免遭捕食的领土防御效果。大羚羊（gambusia nobilis）和小牛牛都侵入领地觅食，并会跟随产卵对吃新产卵的蛋。为了测试攻击和追逐这些入侵者是否会减少领地雄性因捕食而失去的卵的数量，我们将大型雄性排除在其领地的不同部分之外，但仍然允许较小的鱼类进入这些区域。雄性失去了许多卵给捕食者，但无论雄性是否能保护这些领土，被捕食者失去的卵的数量和比例都是相似的。我们推测雌性产卵的随意分布可能比领土防御在减少卵捕食方面发挥更重要的作用，并讨论了卵捕食和栖息地丧失对这种濒危物种生存的威胁。

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引用次数: 0

Nuanced effects of relative body size on social motivation in a highly gregarious catfish 在高度群居的鲶鱼中，相对体型对社会动机的细微影响

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105218

Arne Jungwirth , Jesse N. Kern , Munir Siddiqui , Austin Chiang , Natalie Eisen , Ethan Lac , Gerald Wilkinson , Riva J. Riley

Many factors affect the social strategies that individuals adopt, including environmental parameters, developmental stage, and familiarity, but these are typically investigated in isolation. Understanding how social strategies are shaped by various potentially interacting factors is fundamental to understanding social evolution. We used highly gregarious catfish from the subfamily Corydoradinae to assess how familiarity, environmental cues, and relative body size impact coordination and communication within pairs of fish. Unlike many other model systems, Corydoradinae catfish exhibit clear inter-individual social overtures (termed ‘nudges’) that serve as an easily quantifiable measure of social motivation. Our results show that relative size was a significant predictor of individual nudges across all factor combinations, with smaller individuals nudging at higher rates than their larger partner. However, this effect was most pronounced among socially unfamiliar individuals that shared an environmental background (i.e. diet), but was largely absent when fish were familiar with one another or came from different environmental backgrounds. Cories thus appear to differ from the common behavioral model system three-spined sticklebacks in that familiarity and shared environmental background do not have the same effect on social preferences. Together these results demonstrate that relative body size is important in social interactions of these fish, but that other factors alter its impact. We thus show that individual characteristics affect social motivation in complex ways that likely influence group coordination and composition. This may explain the persistence of the highly heterogeneous groups these fish form in the wild.

许多因素影响个体采取的社会策略，包括环境参数、发展阶段和熟悉程度，但这些通常是孤立的研究。了解社会策略是如何由各种潜在的相互作用因素形成的，是理解社会进化的基础。我们使用高度群居的鲶鱼来评估熟悉度、环境线索和相对体型对鱼对间协调和交流的影响。与许多其他模型系统不同，长尾鲶鱼表现出明确的个体间社会示好（称为“轻推”），这是一种容易量化的社会动机衡量标准。我们的研究结果表明，在所有因素组合中，相对体型是个体轻推的重要预测因素，体型较小的个体轻推的频率高于体型较大的伴侣。然而，这种影响在社会上不熟悉的个体中最为明显，这些个体共享环境背景（即饮食），但当鱼彼此熟悉或来自不同的环境背景时，这种影响在很大程度上不存在。因此，在熟悉度和共同的环境背景对社会偏好的影响上，三刺鱼似乎与常见的行为模型系统三刺鱼有所不同。总之，这些结果表明，相对体型在这些鱼的社会互动中很重要，但其他因素会改变其影响。因此，我们表明个体特征以复杂的方式影响社会动机，可能影响群体的协调和组成。这也许可以解释这些鱼在野外形成的高度异质群体的持久性。

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引用次数: 0

Nursing is rewarding for lactating rabbit does 哺乳对泌乳兔是有益的

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105217

César Huerta , Enrique Meza , Teresa Morales , Raúl G. Paredes , Mario Caba

Investigating affective experiences in animals is inherently challenging. However, the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm offers a valuable method for inferring internal states. Understanding the neural and hormonal mechanisms underlying emotions in animals is crucial for elucidating the biological basis of human emotions. CPP assesses an animal's preference for an environment associated with a rewarding or aversive stimulus. While extensively used to study drug effects, the CPP paradigm has been less frequently applied to investigate the effects of natural stimuli. Furthermore, most studies using this paradigm have been conducted with rodents. This study utilizes the CPP paradigm to investigate the rewarding properties of nursing in lactating rabbits, a unique mammalian behavior that occurs once daily. We found that nursing induced CPP in the lactating doe, which we interpret as a positive affective state—an event fulfilling a motivational drive that occurs only every 24 hours. The results of this study provide valuable insights into the affective state of this species and the neurobiological basis of motivation and reward in a natural context.

研究动物的情感体验本身就是一项挑战。然而，条件位置偏好（CPP）范式为推断内部状态提供了一种有价值的方法。了解动物情绪的神经和激素机制对于阐明人类情绪的生物学基础至关重要。CPP评估动物对与奖励或厌恶刺激相关的环境的偏好。虽然广泛用于研究药物作用，但CPP范式很少用于研究自然刺激的作用。此外，大多数使用这种范式的研究都是在啮齿动物身上进行的。本研究利用CPP范式来研究哺乳兔的奖励特性，哺乳兔是一种独特的哺乳动物行为，每天发生一次。我们发现，哺乳会诱发哺乳期母鹿的CPP，我们将其解释为一种积极的情感状态——一种每24 小时才发生一次的动机驱动事件。这项研究的结果为这个物种的情感状态和自然环境中动机和奖励的神经生物学基础提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

First insights into social behavioral patterns between pairs of bait-attracted mature female tiger sharks from Fuvahmulah Island, Maldives 马尔代夫富瓦穆拉岛一对被诱饵吸引的成熟雌虎鲨之间的社会行为模式

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105216

Francesca Romana Reinero , Filippo Bocchi , Nathan Perisic , Jamie Crouch , Antonio Pacifico , Luca Asshauer , Consuelo Vicariotto , Primo Micarelli

Tiger sharks are predominantly known as solitary animals, yet their opportunistic and generalist predatory nature can drive interactions with conspecifics, including artificial provisioning sites. Underlying social dynamics may influence such instances of grouping behavior. Despite social behavior being an expanding niche in shark science, little is known about the social behavioral patterns of the tiger shark worldwide. Between 2023 and 2024 in Fuvahmulah Island, Maldives, 36 pair-wise non-random social interactions were observed at the provisioning site via video recordings by 40 photo-identified mature female tiger sharks. Social behaviors previously identified in white sharks and tiger sharks across multiple locations, such as give way, swim by, parallel swimming, follow give way, and stand back, have also been documented in tiger sharks from Fuvahmulah Island. Furthermore, this study presents two newly observed antagonistic social behaviors — submission and push away — described here for the first time. Within the mature female tiger shark aggregation in Fuvahmulah, a size-based hierarchy was observed, with certain individuals displaying the majority of dominance and social interactions. The asymmetry in the monthly display of social behaviors suggests an intra-specific variability of tiger shark movements to different home ranges. These findings deepen our knowledge of the tiger shark social behavior, highlighting data gaps in Maldives and ensuring effective conservation measures for this species. Recommendations for future research work at this site are also presented in this paper.

虎鲨主要被认为是独居动物，但它们的机会主义和多面手的掠食性可以推动与同种动物的互动，包括人工供应地点。潜在的社会动力可能会影响这种群体行为。尽管社会行为是鲨鱼科学中一个不断扩大的利基，但全世界对虎鲨的社会行为模式知之甚少。2023年至2024年间，在马尔代夫富瓦穆拉岛，通过录像观察了40只成熟雌性虎鲨在供应地点的36对非随机社会互动。以前在白鲨和虎鲨中发现的社会行为，如让路、游过、平行游泳、跟随让路和退后，也被记录在富瓦穆拉岛的虎鲨身上。此外，本研究首次描述了两种新观察到的对抗性社会行为——服从和推开。在Fuvahmulah的成熟雌虎鲨聚集中，观察到一个基于大小的等级结构，某些个体表现出大多数优势和社会互动。每月社会行为表现的不对称性表明虎鲨在不同活动范围内的种内变异性。这些发现加深了我们对虎鲨社会行为的认识，突出了马尔代夫的数据缺口，并确保对该物种采取有效的保护措施。本文还对今后的研究工作提出了建议。

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引用次数: 0

Light, camera, action: Behavioral responses of the yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus to different lights 光、相机、动作：黄蝎对不同光线的行为反应

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105207

Marina Costa Rodrigues , Gabriel Pimenta Murayama , Lilian Tan Moriyama , Nathalia Ximenes , Luan de Souza , Rodrigo Hirata Willemart

Scorpions cause 150k+ accidents per year in Brazil. Control of their populations involves manual collection and pesticides. Here we tested if light could be used to attract or repel the yellow scorpion Tityus serrulatus, the main responsible for accidents in the country. Based on previous studies on scorpion´s physiological and behavioral reactions to light, we tested wavelengths that correspond to red, green and violet, controlling temperature, absolute irradiance and electromagnetic stimuli. We built a ring arena divided into 5 parts and had the individuals freely walking in the presence of a light/control. We released the scorpions either away from the LED to test attraction or close to the LED to test repellency. Results showed avoidance to green light, and violet light on a smaller portion, that could be due to wavelengths, since those correspond to primary and secondary response peaks of the animal photoreceptors, due to the absolute irradiance of lights or both. These two wavelengths, therefore, have potential for scorpion control and deserve further investigations.

蝎子每年在巴西造成15万+ 事故。控制它们的数量需要人工采集和使用杀虫剂。在这里，我们测试了光是否可以用来吸引或驱逐黄色蝎子Tityus serrulatus，这是该国事故的主要原因。基于之前对蝎子对光的生理和行为反应的研究，我们测试了对应于红色、绿色和紫色的波长，控制温度、绝对辐照度和电磁刺激。我们建造了一个环形竞技场，分为5个部分，让每个人在灯光/控制下自由行走。我们将蝎子释放到远离LED的地方来测试吸引力，或者靠近LED来测试驱避性。结果显示，对绿光和紫光的回避在较小的部分，这可能是由于波长，因为这些对应于动物光感受器的初级和次级响应峰，由于光的绝对辐照度或两者兼而有之。因此，这两个波长具有控制蝎子的潜力，值得进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of temperament traits and its association with visual lateralisation in oval squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) 卵形鱿鱼的气质特征及其与视觉偏侧化的关系

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105206

Yuma Sakurai , Yuzuru Ikeda

Many animals feature a left-right asymmetry of brain, morphological structure, and behaviour, namely, lateralisation, which exhibits individual variation within the same population and species. Such variation of lateralisation may be one of mechanisms underlying temperament traits, which is defined by consistent between-individual variation in behaviour across time and/or contexts. Coleoid cephalopods exhibits the individual variation of lateralisation and temperament traits, but it is unrevealed whether there are associations between them. This study investigated whether visual lateralization is associated with temperament traits in oval squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana that exhibits individual variation of visual lateralization. The visual lateralisation was tested for eye preference against prey, predator, and conspecifics. The temperament traits were tested for activity, aggressiveness, exploration-avoidance, shyness-boldness, and sociability. Although activity, aggressiveness, exploration-avoidance, and shyness-boldness showed between-individual consistency, sociability did not show this trend. Moreover, there was not association among temperament traits, suggesting that these traits are independent. The direction of visual lateralisation (left or right) against prey, predator, and conspecifics was positively associated with aggressiveness, exploration-avoidance, and shyness-boldness. The strength of visual lateralisation (stronger or weaker) against prey was positively associated with aggressiveness. We discuss what those associations play a role in oval squid.

许多动物的大脑、形态结构和行为具有左右不对称，即偏侧化，这在同一种群和物种中表现出个体差异。这种偏侧化的变化可能是气质特征的潜在机制之一，气质特征是由个体之间在时间和/或环境中的一致行为差异来定义的。Coleoid头足类动物在侧化和气质特征上表现出个体差异，但它们之间是否存在关联尚不清楚。本研究探讨了视觉偏侧化是否与表现出视觉偏侧化个体差异的卵形鱿鱼的气质特征相关。视觉侧化测试了对猎物、捕食者和同种动物的眼睛偏好。性情特征被测试为活跃，侵略性，探索-回避，害羞-大胆和社交能力。尽管主动性、攻击性、探索-回避和害羞-大胆表现出个体之间的一致性，但社交能力却没有表现出这种趋势。此外，气质特征之间没有关联，表明这些特质是独立的。对猎物、捕食者和同种动物的视觉侧化方向（左或右）与攻击性、探索-回避和害羞-大胆呈正相关。对猎物的视觉侧化（或强或弱）强度与攻击性呈正相关。我们讨论了这些关联在椭圆形鱿鱼中发挥的作用。

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引用次数: 0