Behavioural Processes最新文献_第7页

Blue light preconditioning as a novel strategy for reducing transport stress in zebrafish 蓝光预处理作为减轻斑马鱼运输应激的新策略。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105260

Longfei Huo , Xiaojing Miao , Xuran Zhang , Yi Ren , Qiqi Fu , Jiali Yang , Muqing Liu

In recent years, zebrafish have become increasingly important in experimental sciences, with transportation being a critical step in their use. However, the vibrations during transportation often induce stress responses in the fish, impairing their physiological functions and even leading to death. As a key environmental modulator, light conditions have been shown to significantly affect the physiological state of fish. In this study, we developed a novel experimental setup integrating an adjustable light source and vibration simulation system to replicate transportation conditions and explore the optimal strategies to alleviate fish stress. First, we tested the wavelength preferences of zebrafish in both static and vibrating environments, finding that zebrafish exhibited a significant preference for 455 nm blue light. Subsequently, under consistent light power and illuminance, we measured the impact of different wavelengths of light on zebrafish anxiety behaviors over a two-month period. Further simulated transportation experiments showed that long-term (2 h daily for 14 days) exposure to blue light (455 nm) effectively reduced anxiety-related behaviors in the simulated transportation environment, while short-term exposure to blue light during transportation alone did not alleviate stress. This study confirms the effectiveness of specific blue light (455 nm) in reducing stress responses induced by vibration and provides key insights into optimizing zebrafish transportation protocols, with a particular emphasis on the necessity of light adaptation prior to transport.

近年来，斑马鱼在实验科学中变得越来越重要，运输是利用斑马鱼的关键步骤。然而，运输过程中的振动往往会引起鱼的应激反应，损害它们的生理功能，甚至导致死亡。作为一种关键的环境调节剂，光条件对鱼类的生理状态有显著影响。在这项研究中，我们开发了一种新的实验装置，集成了可调光源和振动模拟系统，以复制运输条件，并探索缓解鱼类压力的最佳策略。首先，我们测试了斑马鱼在静态和振动环境下的波长偏好，发现斑马鱼对455nm的蓝光表现出明显的偏好。随后，在一致的光功率和照度下，我们在两个月的时间里测量了不同波长的光对斑马鱼焦虑行为的影响。进一步的模拟运输实验表明，长时间（每天2小时，持续14天）暴露于蓝光（455nm）可有效减少模拟运输环境中的焦虑相关行为，而在运输过程中短暂暴露于蓝光并不能缓解压力。该研究证实了特定蓝光（455nm）在减少振动引起的应激反应方面的有效性，并为优化斑马鱼运输方案提供了关键见解，特别强调了运输前光适应的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Almost there: Learning to navigate approximately with a grid map 差不多了：学习用网格地图进行导航

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105245

Joe Morford , Patrick Lewin , Paris Jaggers , Joe Wynn , Tim Guilford , Oliver Padget

Grid map navigation, in which animals use intersecting environmental gradients to judge the spatial relationship between their location and their goal, has been proposed to account for impressive navigational abilities across various taxa. However, the precise mechanisms by which animals navigate using environmental gradients are obscure: first, how do animals extrapolate the spatial distribution of gradients, and second, how do they combine spatial information from multiple gradients? Various models of the extrapolation and combination of spatial gradients have been proposed, but the ontogeny of these mechanisms is little considered. Animals might be predisposed to utilise particular navigational strategies, with these fixed through development; alternatively, mechanisms might arise and change through learning. To investigate this, we trained artificial neural networks, as simple computational learning models, to navigate in virtual bicoordinate grid environments, and tested their outputs against previously proposed models. We found neural networks initially adopted ‘the approximate model’: determining their displacement in each gradient independently and summing these to approximate goalward directions. This supports the suggestion that this model represents a relatively simple mechanism to adopt in complex environments. However, by the end of training, neural networks no longer conformed to the model predictions, hence adopting this mechanism for a limited period only. Thus, the predictions of these models might be met only in certain developmental stages as animals learn. Conversely, the neural networks extrapolated gradients differently depending on the environment. These results facilitate more nuanced predictions of how animal navigation might develop through learning. These predictions should be tested as large tracking datasets of animal movements accumulate.

在网格地图导航中，动物使用交叉的环境梯度来判断它们的位置和目标之间的空间关系，已经被提出来解释在不同分类群中令人印象深刻的导航能力。然而，动物利用环境梯度进行导航的确切机制尚不清楚：首先，动物如何推断梯度的空间分布，其次，它们如何结合来自多个梯度的空间信息？空间梯度外推和组合的各种模型已经被提出，但这些机制的个体发生很少被考虑。动物可能倾向于使用特定的导航策略，这些策略在发育过程中是固定的；或者，机制可能通过学习而产生和改变。为了研究这一点，我们训练了人工神经网络，作为简单的计算学习模型，在虚拟双坐标网格环境中导航，并根据先前提出的模型测试了它们的输出。我们发现神经网络最初采用了“近似模型”：独立确定它们在每个梯度中的位移，并将它们相加以近似的目标方向。这支持了这个模型代表了在复杂环境中采用的相对简单的机制的建议。然而，到训练结束时，神经网络不再符合模型预测，因此只能在有限的时间内采用这种机制。因此，这些模型的预测可能只在动物学习的某些发育阶段才能实现。相反，神经网络根据环境的不同推断出不同的梯度。这些结果有助于更细致地预测动物的导航能力是如何通过学习发展的。随着大量动物运动追踪数据的积累，这些预测应该得到检验。

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引用次数: 0

Quantification of sea turtle swimming patterns using a standardized arena to minimize effort in welfare assessment 使用标准化竞技场对海龟的游泳模式进行量化，以尽量减少福利评估的工作量

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105200

Naoto K. Inoue

Welfare assessment of captive sea turtles has become increasingly important as the need for lifelong care grows. The most valuable indicator of sea turtle welfare is behavioral assessment, as it is non-invasive and more cost-effective than other methods such as physical, nutritional, and environmental assessments. In particular, a higher proportion and longer duration of specific swimming patterns indicate negative sea turtle welfare. However, welfare assessment has been hampered by the efforts required to standardize behavioral criteria across observers and to monitor the environmental factors that influence behavior. To alleviate these efforts, a novel framework to automatically quantify sea turtle swimming within an environmentally standardized arena is proposed in this study. Applying this framework to hatchlings showed its ability to detect individual differences in swimming patterns. Some individuals, with a higher proportion and longer duration of specific swimming patterns, showed signs of poor nutritional or physical condition. These results suggest that accumulating quantitative data through this framework could facilitate the development of individual-level welfare assessment criteria.

随着对终身护理需求的增长，圈养海龟的福利评估变得越来越重要。行为评估是海龟福利最有价值的指标，因为它是无创的，比其他方法（如身体，营养和环境评估）更具成本效益。特别是，特定游泳模式的比例较高和持续时间较长表明海龟的福利为负。然而，福利评估由于需要努力使观察者的行为标准标准化和监测影响行为的环境因素而受到阻碍。为了减轻这些努力，本研究提出了一个新的框架来自动量化海龟在环境标准化舞台上的游泳。将这一框架应用于孵化的幼崽，显示了它探测游泳模式个体差异的能力。某些特定游泳模式的比例较高、持续时间较长的个体，表现出营养或身体状况不佳的迹象。这些结果表明，通过这一框架积累定量数据有助于制定个人层面的福利评估标准。

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引用次数: 0

Anxiety in Brazilian dogs: Typical behaviors, anxiety-inducing situations, and sociodemographic factors 巴西狗的焦虑：典型行为，焦虑诱发情况和社会人口因素

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105241

Maria Cecília de Souza , Gabriel Quaresma Bastos , Crystian Moraes Silva Gomes , Rosana Suemi Tokumaru

Canine anxiety is related to genetic and environmental factors and can significantly impact the wellbeing of both dogs and their guardians. This survey-based study investigated the characteristics of dogs, their environments and routines, as well as the sociodemographic profiles of guardians, alongside the situations that elicit anxiety and the associated behaviors in Brazilian dogs. Data were collected from 795 dogs based on guardian responses to a demographic questionnaire and a culturally and linguistically adapted version of the Lincoln Canine Anxiety Scale for use in Brazil, designed to assess anxious behaviors across various contexts. Results showed that Hearing fireworks and Being left alone were the most frequently reported anxiety-inducing situations, identified by 27.5 % and 20.2 % of participants, respectively. The most frequently reported behaviors were "Alertness" and "Barking, whining, or howling," whereas "Self-harm" and "Chasing tail" were the least reported. Respondents indicated higher anxiety scores for neutered dogs and those adopted from shelters. In contrast, more frequent walks were also associated with lower reported anxiety. Lower anxiety levels were reported for dogs owned by older individuals, male respondents, and those who were married or in stable relationships. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual dog characteristics, daily routines, and guardian demographics when developing strategies for managing and addressing canine anxiety.

狗的焦虑与遗传和环境因素有关，可以显著影响狗和它们的监护人的健康。这项基于调查的研究调查了狗的特征、它们的环境和日常生活，以及监护人的社会人口统计学特征，以及引起巴西狗焦虑的情况和相关行为。根据监护人对人口调查问卷的回答，以及在巴西使用的林肯犬类焦虑量表的文化和语言改编版本，从795只狗中收集数据，旨在评估各种情况下的焦虑行为。结果显示，听到烟花爆竹和独自一人是最常引起焦虑的情况，分别由27.5% %和20.2% %的参与者确定。报告中最常见的行为是“警觉”和“吠叫、呜咽或嚎叫”，而“自残”和“追尾巴”的报告最少。受访者表示，绝育的狗和从收容所收养的狗的焦虑得分更高。相比之下，更频繁的散步也与较低的焦虑有关。据报道，老年人、男性受访者以及已婚或关系稳定的人养的狗的焦虑水平较低。这些发现强调了在制定管理和解决犬类焦虑的策略时，考虑狗的个体特征、日常生活和监护人人口统计数据的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Behavioural variation in the invasive cellar spider Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae) 入侵地穴蛛（蜘蛛目：地穴蛛科）的行为变异。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105259

Alexander R. Salazar , Ann. L. Rypstra

Behaviours such as boldness and exploration are highly plastic and as such, we expect differences between populations, especially for invasive species. In particular, populations at the leading edge of an invasion front may display differences in these behaviours relative to long established core populations as they are often key to their dispersal and invasion success. Likewise, in species with sexual dimorphism, the importance of these behaviours to invasion success may differ for males and females. Here we report on an invasive cellar spider, Pholcus manueli (Araneae: Pholcidae), that is expanding westward across the United States. We investigated whether boldness in response to simulated predator cues (physical and airborne disturbances) and exploration of a novel environment varied across P. manueli’s invasive range and between males and females. We found significant differences in the reaction to the simulated predator cues, but not in exploration. Although there was variation between the leading edge and core, the greatest differences lay between males and females from core populations when exposed to a puff of air. We additionally investigated whether females would be less selective of a potential mate at the leading edge. We found marginal support for this and uncovered interesting details regarding P. manueli’s mating system, wherein smaller females were more likely to mate than large ones. Overall, we found boldness and mating behaviour differences between the leading edge and core, but our data suggest greater differences lay between the sexes.

大胆和探索等行为是高度可塑的，因此，我们预计种群之间存在差异，特别是对于入侵物种。特别是，相对于长期建立的核心种群，处于入侵前沿的种群可能在这些行为上表现出差异，因为它们往往是它们扩散和入侵成功的关键。同样，在两性异形的物种中，这些行为对入侵成功的重要性对于雄性和雌性来说可能是不同的。在这里，我们报告了一种入侵的地窖蜘蛛，Pholcus manueli（蜘蛛目：蜘蛛科），它正在向西扩展穿过美国。我们调查了雄性和雌性对模拟捕食者线索（物理和空气干扰）的反应和对新环境的探索是否在不同的入侵范围内和雄性和雌性之间有所不同。我们发现对模拟捕食者线索的反应有显著差异，但在探索方面没有。虽然前缘和核心之间存在差异，但最大的差异存在于暴露于一股空气中的核心种群的雄性和雌性之间。我们还研究了雌性是否会对处于前沿的潜在配偶不那么挑剔。我们发现了对这一观点的边缘性支持，并发现了关于马努埃利种交配系统的有趣细节，其中体型较小的雌性比体型较大的雌性更有可能交配。总的来说，我们发现前沿和核心之间的大胆和交配行为存在差异，但我们的数据表明，性别之间的差异更大。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating indicators of intentionality, flexibility, and goal-association in domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) facial signals 评估家猫（Felis silvestris catus）面部信号的意向性、灵活性和目标关联指标

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105244

Samantha Dickey , Jayden Garrett , Lauren Scott , Robert W. Miller , Brittany N. Florkiewicz

Although domesticated cats are often perceived as solitary creatures, they display considerable socio-ecological variability in comparison to their wildcat relatives. This diversity has led cats to develop a variety of facial signals to navigate different environments, as well as several communicative mechanisms, including rapid facial mimicry. The extent to which cats have developed complex communication mechanisms remains uncertain. Specifically, it is not clear if cats can produce facial signals intentionally, flexibly, and in a manner that is associated with specific goals in response to their varied environments. The aim of our current study is to evaluate whether cat facial signals demonstrate indicators of intentional, flexible, and goal-directed use. We assessed these three properties using 9 different variables as described in the research literature, along with the average number of variables (out of 9) associated with their facial signals. We also examined whether there are differences in the production of intentional, flexible, and goal-oriented facial signals based on social context (affiliative vs. non-affiliative), as previous studies suggest that these mechanisms are more closely linked to competitive situations. Our results indicate that the facial signals of domestic cats often reflect variables related to goal-oriented behavior. Furthermore, domestic cats are more likely to exhibit certain variables tied to intentional and flexible communication in non-affiliative contexts. However, generally speaking, the facial signals of domesticated cats rarely display variables associated with intentional and flexible communication. This is likely due to their unique social behavior and organization. Our research enhances the understanding of how distinct socio-ecologies influence the evolution of facial signaling and socio-communicative mechanisms, as well as the potential impact of domestication on the interaction strategies of companion animals.

虽然家猫通常被认为是独居动物，但与野猫亲戚相比，它们表现出相当大的社会生态变异性。这种多样性导致猫发展出各种面部信号来导航不同的环境，以及几种交流机制，包括快速面部模仿。猫在多大程度上发展出复杂的交流机制仍不确定。具体来说，目前尚不清楚猫是否能够有意识地、灵活地、以一种与特定目标相关的方式产生面部信号，以应对不同的环境。我们当前研究的目的是评估猫的面部信号是否表现出有意的、灵活的和目标导向的使用指标。我们使用研究文献中描述的9个不同的变量，以及与面部信号相关的变量的平均数量，来评估这三个属性。我们还研究了基于社会背景（隶属与非隶属）的有意识的、灵活的和目标导向的面部信号的产生是否存在差异，因为之前的研究表明，这些机制与竞争情境更密切相关。我们的研究结果表明，家猫的面部信号经常反映与目标导向行为相关的变量。此外，家猫更有可能在非附属环境中表现出与有意和灵活的交流有关的某些变量。然而，一般来说，家养猫的面部信号很少显示与有意和灵活的交流相关的变量。这可能是由于它们独特的社会行为和组织。我们的研究增强了对不同社会生态如何影响面部信号和社会交际机制进化的理解，以及驯化对伴侣动物互动策略的潜在影响。

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引用次数: 0

Increased vigilance to neighbor duets broadcast from unexpected territorial boundaries in rufous horneros 提高警惕邻居二重唱广播从意想不到的领土边界在红角。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105237

Paulo S. Amorim , Pedro Diniz

Many territorial animals can distinguish neighbors from strangers when these categories represent different threat levels. This ability may stem from class-based recognition, where individuals are categorized as neighbors based on habituation or familiarity with shared sensory cues, or from true individual recognition, where specific neighbors are recognized by memorizing their unique sensory signatures. We tested whether rufous horneros (Furnarius rufus), a suboscine bird with year-round territorial pairs that produce distinctive vocal signatures, could associate acoustic and spatial information from neighbors and perceive them as less threatening than strangers, potentially indicating acoustic recognition of neighbors. We simulated territorial interactions by broadcasting neighbor and stranger duets at the neighbor boundary, inhabited by the neighbor, and at an unoccupied boundary, which lacked a neighbor or territory. Birds were more likely to fly toward the speaker in response to stranger (unfamiliar) duets than to neighbor duets at both boundaries. However, owners became more vigilant when hearing a neighbor’s duet from the unoccupied boundary than from the neighbor boundary, while their responses to stranger duets were similar at both boundaries. Although birds detected mismatches between spatial and acoustic cues, their physical (flight toward the speaker) and vocal (likelihood of duetting) aggressive responses were similar toward neighbors regardless of territorial boundary, indicating no immediate retaliation for minor boundary violations. These results suggest that rufous horneros may acoustically recognize specific neighbors and provide insights into the evolution of collective signals in mediating social interactions among non-vocal learners.

当这些类别代表不同的威胁程度时，许多有领土意识的动物可以区分邻居和陌生人。这种能力可能源于基于阶级的识别，在这种识别中，个体根据习惯或对共享感官线索的熟悉程度被分类为邻居，或者来自真正的个体识别，在这种识别中，特定的邻居通过记忆他们独特的感官特征来识别。我们测试了红角鸟（furarius rufus），一种全年都有领地的水下鸟类，能产生独特的声音特征，是否能将邻居的声音和空间信息联系起来，并将它们视为比陌生人更小的威胁，潜在地表明邻居的声音识别。我们通过在邻居边界、邻居居住的边界和没有邻居或领土的无人边界播放邻居和陌生人的二重唱来模拟领土相互作用。在两个边界上，鸟儿更有可能对陌生人（不熟悉）的二重唱做出反应，而不是对邻居的二重唱做出反应。然而，当主人在无人居住的边界听到邻居的二重唱时，他们会比在邻居的边界听到邻居的二重唱时更加警惕，而他们对两个边界的陌生人二重唱的反应是相似的。尽管鸟类发现了空间和声音线索之间的不匹配，但无论领土边界如何，它们的身体（向说话者飞行）和声音（可能是二重唱）攻击反应对邻居都是相似的，这表明轻微的边界侵犯不会立即报复。这些结果表明，红角虫可能在声音上识别特定的邻居，并为在非发声学习者之间调解社会互动的集体信号的进化提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Social dynamics and behavior of zoo-housed red-footed tortoises at different housing densities 不同圈养密度下动物园红足龟的社会动态和行为

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105242

Shannon L. O’Brien, Addie Diaz, Katherine A. Cronin

Within zoos, it is common for animals that are considered solitary to be housed with conspecifics. This may be due to a variety of factors such as spatial constraints within zoos, difficulties associated with transferring animals, breeding goals, and/or other management challenges. However, the welfare implications of housing solitary animals with conspecifics are not well understood. This opportunistic study examined the impact of different housing densities (two versus four individuals) on red-footed tortoise social dynamics and behavior. Agonistic behaviors, primarily mounting, were significantly higher when four tortoises were present. Additionally, the tortoises utilized more of their enclosure when four tortoises were present. Social network analyses revealed that the tortoises had a dominance hierarchy, with high asymmetry and unidirectionality between tortoise dyads. Further, social inactivity decreased when only two tortoises were present. Collectively, the results of this study provide valuable information about the relationship between housing density and behavior in these tortoises, which can inform future study design and management strategies at other institutions that house reptiles socially.

在动物园里，被认为是孤独的动物通常与同类动物住在一起。这可能是由于动物园的空间限制、动物转移的困难、繁殖目标和/或其他管理挑战等多种因素造成的。然而，与同类动物一起独居的动物的福利含义还没有得到很好的理解。本研究考察了不同住房密度（2个或4个个体）对红足龟社会动态和行为的影响。当有四只陆龟时，它们的竞争行为（主要是攀爬）显著增加。此外，当有四只象龟在场时，象龟利用了更多的圈地。社会网络分析表明，陆龟具有优势等级，龟对之间具有高度的不对称性和单向性。此外，当只有两只乌龟在场时，社会活动减少了。总的来说，本研究的结果为这些龟的住房密度和行为之间的关系提供了有价值的信息，这可以为其他社会饲养爬行动物的机构的未来研究设计和管理策略提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term variability in the song of the thrush nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and its relations to the territorial behavior of males 画眉夜莺（Luscinia Luscinia）歌声的长期变异性及其与雄性领土行为的关系

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105228

Vladimir Ivanitskii , Julia Bezrukova , Anastasia Grebenkova , Maria Mikhylova , Aleksey Opaev , Andrei Vlasov , Irina Marova

Researchers have paid a lot of attention to the temporal variability of birdsong. Data obtained during long-term observations are of particular interest in this context. In this article, we present evidences of the long-term dynamics of the thrush nightingale singing in the Kursk region (Russia) over a period of almost half a century. The average size of individual repertoires remained relatively stable throughout the entire observation period, despite an almost twofold increase in the total size of the population's repertoire. Over 40 years (1975 – 2014), the population repertoire of song types has changed completely. For five years (2014–2018), the repertoire remained relatively stable, while in the next six years (2018–2023) there was a complete change again. Thus, the evolution of the population repertoires of the song types over time includes both periods of relative stability and periods of rapid changes up to a complete change in the composition of the dialect in just a few years. In playback experiments, we tested male response to changes in song over time to ascertain how song evolution has affected signal efficacy in male–male competition. There were no obvious differences in the response of territorial males to the playback of songs recorded in 1975 and 2023. We hypothesize that the perception of thrush nightingales is well adapted to the numerous and relatively rapid changes in the local dialect, so their response to playback does not significantly depend on the specific recording presented.

研究人员对鸟类鸣叫的时间变异性给予了很大的关注。在这方面，在长期观测中获得的数据特别令人感兴趣。在这篇文章中，我们提出了近半个世纪以来库尔斯克地区（俄罗斯）画眉夜莺歌唱的长期动态证据。在整个观察期间，个体曲目的平均规模保持相对稳定，尽管人口曲目的总规模增加了近两倍。在过去的40年里（1975年至2014年），人们对歌曲类型的保留曲目发生了完全的变化。在2014-2018年的五年中，剧目保持相对稳定，而在接下来的六年（2018-2023年）中，剧目又发生了彻底的变化。因此，随着时间的推移，歌曲类型的人口曲目的演变既包括相对稳定的时期，也包括快速变化的时期，直到方言组成在短短几年内发生完全变化。在回放实验中，我们测试了雄性对歌曲变化的反应，以确定歌曲进化如何影响雄性竞争中的信号效率。领地雄性对1975年和2023年录制的歌曲播放的反应无明显差异。我们假设画鸫夜莺的感知很好地适应了当地方言的大量和相对快速的变化，因此它们对回放的反应并不明显依赖于所呈现的特定录音。

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引用次数: 0

Housing-dependent variation in goal-tracking behavior predicts use of a spatial strategy in a dual-solution Morris water maze task 目标跟踪行为的住房依赖变异预测了双解莫里斯水迷宫任务中空间策略的使用

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105232

Daniel E. Kochli, Amelia G. Bonsib, Julia E. Totis, Andrea R. Petersen, Caroline V. Drupka, Megan K. Somers, Emilee C. Cramer, Justus T. Williams

Pavlovian Lever Autoshaping (PLA) is a common method for assessing individual differences in addiction vulnerability, while the Morris water maze (MWM) dual solution task may hold promise as a complimentary behavioral assay. In this procedure, brief lever insertion predicts delivery of a food pellet, non-contingent upon behavior. Sign-trackers preferentially interact with the lever, while goal-trackers preferentially interact with the foodcup. To enhance motivation, rats commonly undergo mild food restriction requiring isolation housing—stressful living conditions for a social species. The present work examines the contribution of housing conditions to performance in PLA and a MWM dual solution task. Male and female rats are assigned to one of three housing conditions at weaning: Enriched (four rats per large cage with enrichment objects), Single (singly-housed standard cage with no enrichment), and Raised Enriched (raised under Enriched conditions, but transitioned to Single conditions at eight weeks). Housing conditions influence PLA performance in a sex-dependent manner. Overall, enriched rats engage in more goal-directed behavior while Single and Raised Enriched rats engage in more cue-directed behavior; this pattern is driven by male rats. Additionally, goal-trackers favor a flexible “place” strategy in the MWM. Results suggest that measures of individual differences in goal- vs. cue-directed behavior are highly sensitive to housing conditions; this sensitivity is greater in males.

巴甫洛夫杠杆自动成形（PLA）是评估成瘾脆弱性个体差异的常用方法，而莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）双解任务可能有望作为一种互补的行为分析。在这个过程中，短暂的杠杆插入预测食物颗粒的交付，而不取决于行为。签名跟踪器优先与杠杆交互，而目标跟踪器优先与食物杯交互。为了增强动力，大鼠通常会接受轻微的食物限制，这需要隔离的住房——对于一个群居物种来说，这是一种压力很大的生活条件。本研究考察了住房条件对PLA和MWM双解任务绩效的贡献。雄性和雌性大鼠在断奶时被分配到三种饲养条件中的一种：强化饲养（每个大笼子有浓缩物），单人饲养（单个标准笼子，没有浓缩）和强化饲养（在强化条件下饲养，但在八周后过渡到单人饲养条件）。住房条件以性别依赖的方式影响PLA性能。总体而言，富集的大鼠表现出更多的目标导向行为，而单一和提高富集的大鼠表现出更多的线索导向行为；这种模式是由雄性老鼠驱动的。此外，目标跟踪器在MWM中支持灵活的“位置”策略。结果表明，目标导向行为与线索导向行为的个体差异测量对住房条件高度敏感；这种敏感性在男性中更为明显。

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引用次数: 0