Behavioural Processes最新文献_第7页

Non-masking noise suppresses bird song 非掩蔽噪声抑制了鸟类的鸣叫。

IF 1.5 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105239

Isaac Muñoz-Santos , José Roberto Sosa-López , Alejandro Ariel Ríos-Chelén

Most research on the effects of anthropogenic noise on animal acoustic communication has dealt with masking noise (which frequencies overlap with those of animal vocalizations) and changes in noise-induced vocalizations have been explained as strategies to avoid masking. Still, few studies have addressed the impact of non-masking noise on animal vocal behavior. A previous experiment showed that vermilion flycatchers (Pyrocephalus rubinus) avoid singing during peaks of noise that partially mask their songs, suggesting this is a strategy to improve communication in masking noise. If this were the case, we expect that males should continue to sing when exposed to non-masking noise. Here we tested this idea by exposing 21 free-living males, via a speaker, to edited non-masking traffic noise with maximum frequencies of 2 kHz and 1 kHz. We compared the number of songs the focal male sang in a bout before, during and after noise playback. A low but significant proportion of males immediately stopped singing after the onset of 1 kHz (4/21) and 2 kHz (8/21) filtered noise playbacks. Number of songs between treatments did not differ when males were exposed to the 2 kHz filtered noise playback. However, males sang fewer songs after 1 kHz filtered noise exposure than before exposure. Our study does not discard the possibility that males reduce masking when stopping to sing during noise peaks, but it shows that masking release is not required for males to stop singing. Non-masking noise can disrupt bird song, potentially affecting sexual selection and breeding.

大多数关于人为噪声对动物声通信影响的研究都涉及掩蔽噪声（其频率与动物发声的频率重叠），并且噪声引起的发声变化被解释为避免掩蔽的策略。然而，很少有研究涉及非掩蔽噪声对动物发声行为的影响。先前的一项实验表明，朱红捕蝇鸟（Pyrocephalus rubinus）避免在部分掩盖其歌声的噪音高峰期间唱歌，这表明这是一种在掩盖噪音的情况下改善沟通的策略。如果是这样的话，我们预计雄性在暴露于非掩蔽噪声时应该继续唱歌。在这里，我们通过扬声器将21名自由生活的男性暴露在最大频率为2kHz和1kHz的编辑过的无掩蔽交通噪音中来测试这个想法。我们比较了在噪音播放之前、期间和之后，焦点雄性在一回合中唱歌的数量。在1kHz（4/21）和2kHz（8/21）过滤噪音播放后，有一小部分但很重要的雄性立即停止唱歌。当雄性被暴露在2kHz过滤噪音回放中时，两种处理之间的歌曲数量没有差异。然而，在1kHz过滤后的噪音下，雄性的歌声比之前少了。我们的研究并没有排除这样一种可能性，即雄性在噪音峰值期间停止歌唱时减少掩蔽，但它表明，雄性停止歌唱并不需要释放掩蔽。非掩蔽噪声会干扰鸟类鸣叫，潜在地影响性选择和繁殖。

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引用次数: 0

Resurgence of target behavior after negative punishment of alternative behavior 替代行为负向惩罚后目标行为的复苏

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105238

Angel M. Villalobos , Diego A. Ávila-Rozo , Carolyn M. Ritchey , Carla N. Martinez-Perez , Matthew S. Lamperski , Toshikazu Kuroda , Christopher A. Podlesnik

Resurgence is the recurrence of a previously extinguished target response under the worsening of alternative conditions. Worsening conditions include extinction, reduction in rate and magnitude of reinforcement, delayed reinforcement, and punishment of alternative responding. Previous studies found resurgence from within-subject increases in intensity of shock as positive punishment of alternative responding in rats. The present study aimed to replicate this effect using a response-cost punishment contingency for alternative responding in human participants. During Phase 1, target-button presses were reinforced with points according to a variable-interval (VI) 2-s schedule. During Phase 2, target responses were extinguished, and clicks on the alternative button were reinforced with the same schedule. During Phase 3, a response-cost contingency was superimposed on the VI schedule. In each successive minute, participants lost 100, 320, or 1000 points for alternative responding. Losing points for alternative responses produced resurgence of target responding, but further increasing response-cost magnitude did not increase resurgence. We found some instances of resurgence without accompanying decreases in reinforcer rates; however, as in previous studies, most target increases were accompanied by decreases in reinforcer rates. Because decreases in reinforcer rates complicate attributing resurgence to punishment alone, future research might evaluate wider ranges of punisher rates and magnitudes when studying resurgence-inducing effects of punishment contingencies.

死灰复燃是指在替代条件恶化的情况下，先前熄灭的目标反应再次出现。恶化条件包括消退、强化速率和强度的降低、延迟强化和对替代反应的惩罚。先前的研究发现，在大鼠中，作为替代反应的积极惩罚，被试内部的电击强度增加会再次出现。本研究旨在通过人类参与者的反应成本惩罚偶然性来复制这种效应。在第一阶段，根据可变间隔（VI） 2-s的时间表，对目标按钮的按压进行积分强化。在阶段2中，目标响应被熄灭，选择按钮的点击被同样的时间表强化。在第3阶段，响应成本的偶然性被叠加到第6阶段的计划中。在接下来的每一分钟里，参与者会因选择不同的答案而失去100分、320分或1000分。备选反应的失分会导致目标反应的死灰复燃，但进一步增加反应成本大小并没有增加死灰复燃。我们发现一些复苏的例子没有伴随着强化率的下降；然而，正如以前的研究一样，大多数目标的增加伴随着强化率的降低。由于强化率的降低使单纯的惩罚导致死而复生变得复杂，未来的研究可能会在研究惩罚偶然性诱发死而复生的效应时，评估更大范围的惩罚率和程度。

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引用次数: 0

Increased vigilance to neighbor duets broadcast from unexpected territorial boundaries in rufous horneros 提高警惕邻居二重唱广播从意想不到的领土边界在红角。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105237

Paulo S. Amorim , Pedro Diniz

Many territorial animals can distinguish neighbors from strangers when these categories represent different threat levels. This ability may stem from class-based recognition, where individuals are categorized as neighbors based on habituation or familiarity with shared sensory cues, or from true individual recognition, where specific neighbors are recognized by memorizing their unique sensory signatures. We tested whether rufous horneros (Furnarius rufus), a suboscine bird with year-round territorial pairs that produce distinctive vocal signatures, could associate acoustic and spatial information from neighbors and perceive them as less threatening than strangers, potentially indicating acoustic recognition of neighbors. We simulated territorial interactions by broadcasting neighbor and stranger duets at the neighbor boundary, inhabited by the neighbor, and at an unoccupied boundary, which lacked a neighbor or territory. Birds were more likely to fly toward the speaker in response to stranger (unfamiliar) duets than to neighbor duets at both boundaries. However, owners became more vigilant when hearing a neighbor’s duet from the unoccupied boundary than from the neighbor boundary, while their responses to stranger duets were similar at both boundaries. Although birds detected mismatches between spatial and acoustic cues, their physical (flight toward the speaker) and vocal (likelihood of duetting) aggressive responses were similar toward neighbors regardless of territorial boundary, indicating no immediate retaliation for minor boundary violations. These results suggest that rufous horneros may acoustically recognize specific neighbors and provide insights into the evolution of collective signals in mediating social interactions among non-vocal learners.

当这些类别代表不同的威胁程度时，许多有领土意识的动物可以区分邻居和陌生人。这种能力可能源于基于阶级的识别，在这种识别中，个体根据习惯或对共享感官线索的熟悉程度被分类为邻居，或者来自真正的个体识别，在这种识别中，特定的邻居通过记忆他们独特的感官特征来识别。我们测试了红角鸟（furarius rufus），一种全年都有领地的水下鸟类，能产生独特的声音特征，是否能将邻居的声音和空间信息联系起来，并将它们视为比陌生人更小的威胁，潜在地表明邻居的声音识别。我们通过在邻居边界、邻居居住的边界和没有邻居或领土的无人边界播放邻居和陌生人的二重唱来模拟领土相互作用。在两个边界上，鸟儿更有可能对陌生人（不熟悉）的二重唱做出反应，而不是对邻居的二重唱做出反应。然而，当主人在无人居住的边界听到邻居的二重唱时，他们会比在邻居的边界听到邻居的二重唱时更加警惕，而他们对两个边界的陌生人二重唱的反应是相似的。尽管鸟类发现了空间和声音线索之间的不匹配，但无论领土边界如何，它们的身体（向说话者飞行）和声音（可能是二重唱）攻击反应对邻居都是相似的，这表明轻微的边界侵犯不会立即报复。这些结果表明，红角虫可能在声音上识别特定的邻居，并为在非发声学习者之间调解社会互动的集体信号的进化提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Noise-induced vocal shifts in the Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus) vocal distribution in two different habitats 两种不同栖息地喜马拉雅驼峰（Lophophorus impejanus）声音分布的噪声诱导发声变化

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105236

Rajeev Lochan , Dinesh Kumar Sharma , Anand Kumar

Anthropogenic noise, an unexpected consequence of human activities, is disrupting the natural habitat of the Himalayan Monal and affecting its vocal communication. This study examines the impact of noise on the vocal frequency characteristics of this species across two distinct habitats, one exposed to anthropogenic noise and the other relatively undisturbed. Call parameters and noise variables were analyzed through quantile regression to understand how vocal behavior is influenced in different acoustic environments. The analysis considered multiple quantiles, including the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 95th percentiles, to capture the full range of variation in vocalization patterns. Our study is based on two hypotheses, the first hypothesis proposes that noise influences call frequency, resulting in an increase in call frequency as a response to noise. The second hypothesis suggests that call duration, particularly at the upper 90 % quantiles, exhibits varying responses to noise across different habitats, with longer calls occurring in noisier environments at higher quantiles. The results indicate that at the 10th, 50th, 75th, and 95th quantiles of call peak frequency, the pseudo-R squared values increased to 0.231, 0.215, 0.454, and 0.734, respectively, suggesting an improvement in model fit at higher quantiles. At the 95th quantile, the model accounted for approximately 73.4 % of the variation in peak frequency, whereas lower quantiles, such as the 10th and 50th percentiles, exhibited lower explanatory power. The Mean Absolute Error increased with rising quantiles, from 142.14 at q= 0.1–185.49 at q= 0.95, indicating greater variability in peak frequency at higher quantiles. This trend suggests that noise and vocal characteristics exert a more pronounced influence on the upper range of the vocal distribution, particularly at higher call frequencies, compared to lower frequencies. Additionally, a slight difference in call length was observed.

人为噪音是人类活动的一个意想不到的后果，它正在破坏喜马拉雅山雀的自然栖息地，并影响其声音交流。本研究考察了噪音对该物种在两个不同栖息地的声音频率特征的影响，一个暴露于人为噪音，另一个相对未受干扰。通过分位数回归分析呼叫参数和噪声变量，了解不同声环境对发声行为的影响。该分析考虑了多个分位数，包括第10、25、50、75和95个百分位数，以捕捉发声模式的全部变化范围。我们的研究基于两个假设，第一个假设提出噪音影响呼叫频率，导致呼叫频率增加作为对噪音的响应。第二个假设表明，叫声持续时间，特别是在 %以上的分位数，在不同的栖息地表现出对噪音的不同反应，在更高分位数的嘈杂环境中出现更长的叫声。结果表明，在呼叫峰值频率的第10、第50、第75和第95分位数处，伪r平方值分别增加到0.231、0.215、0.454和0.734，表明在更高分位数处模型拟合得到改善。在第95个分位数处，该模型对峰值频率变化的解释约为73.4 %，而较低的分位数，如第10和第50个分位数，其解释能力较低。平均绝对误差随着分位数的增加而增加，从q= 0.1时的142.14增加到q= 0.95时的185.49，表明高分位数时峰值频率的变变性更大。这一趋势表明，与较低的频率相比，噪音和声音特征对声音分布的较高范围产生更明显的影响，特别是在较高的通话频率下。此外，观察到通话时长略有不同。

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引用次数: 0

Predation risk in two Patagonian Liolaemus lizards: Similar escape behaviour in different environmental contexts 两种巴塔哥尼亚Liolaemus蜥蜴的捕食风险：不同环境下相似的逃跑行为。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105235

Martín Cristian Castillo , Félix Benjamín Cruz , Oscar Aníbal Stellatelli , Candela Victorel , Mauro Iván Bonavita , Gabriela Perotti , Débora Lina Moreno Azócar

Prey species may assess the risk of being preyed upon and consequently decide adequate antipredator behaviours that increase their probability of survival. Predation risk is expected to increase with predation pressure, and conversely, to decrease with habitat complexity. Additionally, the colour pattern of the prey may also influence predation risk and conspicuous animals may experience higher risk than cryptic ones. Here we studied escape behaviour of Liolaemus kolengh and L. zullyae, two Patagonian lizard species occurring in habitats with different complexity and abundance of predators. Additionally, they exhibit sexual dichromatism with colourful males and cryptic females. We predicted that both species would show similar escape behaviour, with males showing more intense responses than females. In the field, we simulated predation events and registered flight initiation distance (FID) and refuge distance (RD), two escape behaviour variables related to predation risk in lizards. As expected, both species showed similar FID and RD, which may be explained by the combination of high abundance of predators-high complexity at the habitat of L. zullyae, and low abundance of predators-low complexity at the site of L. kolengh, but also by similar availability and use of rocks as refuges by the species. Intra-specifically, sex influenced FID of L. kolengh lizards only when perching on bare ground, with females allowing closer approaches than males, probably related to a lower detectability against this background. We suggest that environmental variables, microhabitat use and intrinsic characteristics, such as coloration and sex may interact to influence predation risk and escape behaviour.

被捕食的物种可能会评估被捕食的风险，从而决定适当的反捕食行为，以增加它们的生存几率。捕食风险随着捕食压力的增加而增加，相反，随着栖息地复杂性的增加而降低。此外，猎物的颜色图案也可能影响捕食风险，显眼的动物可能比隐蔽的动物经历更高的风险。本文研究了两种巴塔哥尼亚蜥蜴（Liolaemus kolengh）和L. zullyae的逃跑行为，这两种蜥蜴生活在不同复杂程度和捕食者丰度的栖息地。此外，它们还表现出性别上的二色性，有色彩鲜艳的雄性和神秘的雌性。我们预测这两个物种会表现出相似的逃避行为，雄性比雌性表现出更强烈的反应。在野外，我们模拟了蜥蜴的捕食事件，并记录了与捕食风险相关的两个逃跑行为变量——飞行起始距离（FID）和避难距离（RD）。正如预期的那样，两种物种的FID和RD相似，这可能是由于在L. zullyae栖息地捕食者的高丰度-高复杂性和L. kolengh栖息地捕食者的低丰度-低复杂性的结合，以及物种对岩石的可利用性和利用程度相似。在特异性内，性别仅在栖息在裸露地面时影响L. kolengh蜥蜴的FID，雌性比雄性更接近，可能与在这种背景下较低的可探测性有关。我们认为，环境变量、微生境的使用和内在特征（如颜色和性别）可能相互作用，影响捕食风险和逃跑行为。

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引用次数: 0

Conspecific presence affects foraging decisions of insular and mainland Aegean wall lizards (Podarcis erhardii) 同种存在影响岛屿和大陆爱琴海壁蜥的觅食决策。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-07-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105234

Ioanna Gavriilidi , Cristina Aanei , Clara Vinyeta-Cortada , Panayiotis Pafilis , Raoul Van Damme

Conspecifics often constitute a valuable source of information. For instance, animals are often attracted to a foraging site by the presence of conspecifics, a phenomenon known as ‘local enhancement’. Theory predicts that animals should engage in local enhancement only when associated benefits (efficient resource detection) outweigh the costs (increased interference competition), a trade off that depends on environmental context. Insular and mainland habitats differ in key ecological factors, such as predation pressure, competition, and food availability, which likely affect how animals use social cues while foraging. Here, we compared the local enhancement behaviour of Aegean wall lizards from three small islets, two larger islands, and two mainland sites in Greece. In the wild, lizards were offered food near a transparent container that either held a conspecific (social trials) or was empty (control). We then compared whether and how fast individuals would (1) emerge near, (2) approach, and (3) start eating the food, between social and control situations, and among habitats (mainland, island, or islet). We also looked at whether the presence of conspecifics – confined, or free-roaming when multiple lizards were attracted – provoked interference competition. Conspecific cues influenced foraging decisions in a complex manner. The presence of confined conspecifics had only minor effects, but other free roaming conspecifics accelerated or inhibited foraging activities, depending on their type (emerging, approaching, eating). Insular lizards also engaged in more aggressive interactions than mainland ones. Our results indicate that the costs and benefits of local enhancement may vary geographically, but they are inconclusive due to methodological limitations. Further research is needed to identify the environmental conditions favouring the evolution of local enhancement and social cognition.

具体情况往往构成有价值的信息来源。例如，动物经常被同种生物吸引到觅食地点，这种现象被称为“局部增强”。理论预测，只有当相关收益（有效的资源探测）超过成本（增加干扰竞争）时，动物才会参与局部增强，这种权衡取决于环境背景。岛屿和大陆栖息地在关键生态因素上有所不同，比如捕食压力、竞争和食物供应，这可能会影响动物在觅食时如何使用社会线索。在这里，我们比较了来自希腊三个小岛、两个较大岛屿和两个大陆地点的爱琴海壁虎的局部增强行为。在野外，蜥蜴在一个透明的容器附近获得食物，这个容器要么装有同种动物（社会试验），要么是空的（对照组）。然后，我们比较了个体是否会(1)出现在附近，(2)接近，(3)开始吃食物，在社会和控制情况下，以及在栖息地（大陆，岛屿或小岛）之间。我们还研究了同种蜥蜴的存在——当吸引了多只蜥蜴时，被限制的或自由漫游的——是否会引发干扰竞争。同种线索以复杂的方式影响觅食决策。禁闭同种虫的存在对其影响较小，但其他自由漫游同种虫则根据其类型（出现、接近、进食）加速或抑制其觅食活动。岛屿上的蜥蜴也比大陆上的蜥蜴更具攻击性。我们的研究结果表明，局部增强的成本和收益可能在地理上有所不同，但由于方法的限制，它们是不确定的。需要进一步的研究来确定有利于局部增强和社会认知进化的环境条件。

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引用次数: 0

Movement path as an ethological lens into interval timing 运动路径作为一种行为学镜头进入间隔计时

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105233

Fuat Balcı , Varsovia Hernandez , Ahmet Hoşer , Alejandro León

Interval timing behavior is traditionally investigated in operant chambers based on the very focal responses of the subjects (e.g., head entry to the magazine, lever press). These measures are blind to the movement trajectory of the animals and capture only a tiny segment and sometimes an idiosyncratic component of the animal's behavior. In other words, the state of the temporal expectancy is not observable at every time point in the trial. On the other hand, in nature, temporal expectancies guide actions in a much more complex fashion. For instance, an animal might approach a food patch at different degrees as a function of the expected time of food availability (e.g., nectar collection behavior). The current study aimed to investigate interval timing in a more naturalistic fashion by analyzing the movement trajectory of rats in fixed time (FT-30s) vs. variable time (VT-30s) schedules in modified open field equipment. We observed a temporally patterned movement in FT but not a VT schedule. In the FT schedule, rats moved away from the reward grid after consuming the presented water and were farthest from it at around 15 s, after which they started to approach the reward grid again. There was no such temporal patterning of movement trajectory in the VT schedule. Temporal control in the FT schedule was stronger when water was delivered close to the wall compared to when it was delivered close to the center of the open field. Our results show that movement trajectory may reflect instantaneous temporal expectancy.

间隔计时行为传统上是在操作室中研究的，基于受试者的非常集中的反应（例如，头部进入杂志，杠杆按压）。这些测量对动物的运动轨迹是盲目的，只捕捉到动物行为的一小部分，有时甚至是一个特殊的组成部分。换句话说，时间期望的状态不是在试验的每个时间点都能观察到的。另一方面，在本质上，时间期望以一种复杂得多的方式指导行为。例如，动物可能会以不同的程度接近食物斑块，这是食物可用性预期时间的函数（例如，花蜜采集行为）。本研究旨在通过分析大鼠在固定时间（FT-30s）和可变时间（VT-30s）计划下的运动轨迹，以更自然的方式研究间隔时间。我们观察到FT的时间模式运动，而不是VT时间表。在FT计划中，老鼠在喝完提供的水后离开奖励网格，在15 秒左右离奖励网格最远，之后它们开始再次接近奖励网格。在VT时间表中没有这种运动轨迹的时间模式。当水在靠近墙的地方输送时，比在靠近空地中心的地方输送时，FT计划中的时间控制更强。我们的研究结果表明，运动轨迹可能反映瞬时时间预期。

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引用次数: 0

Housing-dependent variation in goal-tracking behavior predicts use of a spatial strategy in a dual-solution Morris water maze task 目标跟踪行为的住房依赖变异预测了双解莫里斯水迷宫任务中空间策略的使用

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105232

Daniel E. Kochli, Amelia G. Bonsib, Julia E. Totis, Andrea R. Petersen, Caroline V. Drupka, Megan K. Somers, Emilee C. Cramer, Justus T. Williams

Pavlovian Lever Autoshaping (PLA) is a common method for assessing individual differences in addiction vulnerability, while the Morris water maze (MWM) dual solution task may hold promise as a complimentary behavioral assay. In this procedure, brief lever insertion predicts delivery of a food pellet, non-contingent upon behavior. Sign-trackers preferentially interact with the lever, while goal-trackers preferentially interact with the foodcup. To enhance motivation, rats commonly undergo mild food restriction requiring isolation housing—stressful living conditions for a social species. The present work examines the contribution of housing conditions to performance in PLA and a MWM dual solution task. Male and female rats are assigned to one of three housing conditions at weaning: Enriched (four rats per large cage with enrichment objects), Single (singly-housed standard cage with no enrichment), and Raised Enriched (raised under Enriched conditions, but transitioned to Single conditions at eight weeks). Housing conditions influence PLA performance in a sex-dependent manner. Overall, enriched rats engage in more goal-directed behavior while Single and Raised Enriched rats engage in more cue-directed behavior; this pattern is driven by male rats. Additionally, goal-trackers favor a flexible “place” strategy in the MWM. Results suggest that measures of individual differences in goal- vs. cue-directed behavior are highly sensitive to housing conditions; this sensitivity is greater in males.

巴甫洛夫杠杆自动成形（PLA）是评估成瘾脆弱性个体差异的常用方法，而莫里斯水迷宫（MWM）双解任务可能有望作为一种互补的行为分析。在这个过程中，短暂的杠杆插入预测食物颗粒的交付，而不取决于行为。签名跟踪器优先与杠杆交互，而目标跟踪器优先与食物杯交互。为了增强动力，大鼠通常会接受轻微的食物限制，这需要隔离的住房——对于一个群居物种来说，这是一种压力很大的生活条件。本研究考察了住房条件对PLA和MWM双解任务绩效的贡献。雄性和雌性大鼠在断奶时被分配到三种饲养条件中的一种：强化饲养（每个大笼子有浓缩物），单人饲养（单个标准笼子，没有浓缩）和强化饲养（在强化条件下饲养，但在八周后过渡到单人饲养条件）。住房条件以性别依赖的方式影响PLA性能。总体而言，富集的大鼠表现出更多的目标导向行为，而单一和提高富集的大鼠表现出更多的线索导向行为；这种模式是由雄性老鼠驱动的。此外，目标跟踪器在MWM中支持灵活的“位置”策略。结果表明，目标导向行为与线索导向行为的个体差异测量对住房条件高度敏感；这种敏感性在男性中更为明显。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of probabilistic win-paired-cues on loss trials on risky choice in rats 概率赢对提示对大鼠风险选择失败试验的影响

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105231

Connor M. Lambert, Karen G. Anderson

Gambling Disorder affects 1.4 % of the global adult population and can result in detriments to physical, mental, and financial well-being. Electronic gambling machines may be more addictive than other forms of gambling. Electronic gambling machines present a series of audiovisual stimuli concurrently with winning and some losing outcomes. Previous research in human and non-human animals has found increased levels of risky choice when audiovisual stimuli are presented with wins compared to their absence. The present study was arranged to evaluate how a visual stimulus paired with winning outcomes, and presented on some losing outcomes, would influence risky choice in rats using a probability-discounting paradigm. A choice between a smaller, certain outcome and a larger, uncertain outcome (with changing probabilities) was presented. A visual cue was always presented with winning outcomes and was systematically implemented on a proportion of outcomes where a choice was made for the uncertain alternative, but no food reinforcement was delivered. Increases in risky choice were found when the win-associated stimulus was presented on half of all losing outcomes, relative to when it was omitted. Increases in risky choice were observable when choice was between relatively equal value choices and when the value of the smaller, certain alternative was only slightly higher than that of the larger, uncertain alternative. Risky choices were also more likely following a losing trial with the presentation of the win-paired cue than following a win or a loss without the win-paired cue. Implications in electronic gambling machines are discussed.

赌博障碍影响了全球成人人口的1.4% %，并可能对身体、精神和财务健康造成损害。电子赌博机可能比其他形式的赌博更容易上瘾。电子赌博机提供一系列视听刺激，同时伴有输赢结果。先前对人类和非人类动物的研究发现，当视听刺激出现时，与没有出现时相比，它们的风险选择水平更高。本研究的目的是利用概率贴现范式来评估视觉刺激与获胜结果的配对，以及对一些失败结果的呈现如何影响大鼠的风险选择。在一个较小的、确定的结果和一个较大的、不确定的结果（具有变化的概率）之间进行选择。视觉线索总是呈现获胜结果，并系统地执行一定比例的结果，即选择不确定的替代方案，但没有提供食物强化。研究发现，当输赢相关刺激出现在所有输赢结果的一半上时，风险选择的增加，相对于不出现输赢相关刺激的情况。当在价值相对相等的选择之间进行选择时，当较小的、确定的选择的价值仅略高于较大的、不确定的选择的价值时，风险选择的增加是可以观察到的。与没有提示的输赢试验相比，在输赢试验中出现双赢提示后，受试者更有可能做出冒险的选择。讨论了电子赌博机的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding (and appreciating) behavioral complexity of zebrafish novel tank assays 理解（和欣赏）斑马鱼的行为复杂性的新水箱试验。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105230

Nikita I. Golushko , Daniil Matrynov , David S. Galstyan , Kirill V. Apukhtin , Murilo S. de Abreu , Longen Yang , Adam Michael Stewart , Allan V. Kalueff

Zebrafish are rapidly becoming an important model organism in neurobehavioral research. The novel tank diving test is commonly used for assessing locomotor, anxiety-related and other behaviors in adult zebrafish. Assessing characteristic neophobic bottom preference, erratic movements and freezing/immobility behavior, the test represents a fast, easy-to-perform, single-trial novelty-based assay sensitive to pharmacological, genetic and environmental manipulations. Here, we critically evaluate key behavioral parameters in the novel tank test, and multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors that affect the assessment of fish behavioral phenotypes, including habituation, homebase, social behaviors, stress responses, novelty/familiarity and personality traits. We also discuss the value of this assay for modeling a broad spectrum of brain phenomena, including generalized anxiety, fear, panic-like, post-traumatic stress- and depression-like behavior. Overall, the emerging behavioral complexity of the novel tank test extends beyond the traditional dichotomic conflict between fear and exploration, likely reflecting multiple overlapping neurobehavioral domains in zebrafish.

斑马鱼正迅速成为神经行为研究的重要模式生物。新型的水箱潜水试验被广泛用于评估成年斑马鱼的运动、焦虑等行为。基于特征的新恐惧症底部偏好，不稳定的运动和冻结/不动行为，该测试代表了一种快速，易于执行，单次试验新颖的检测，对药理学，遗传和环境操作敏感。在此，我们批判性地评估了新型鱼缸试验中的关键行为参数，以及影响鱼类行为表型评估的多种内在和外在因素，包括习惯化、本垒、社会行为、应激反应、新奇/熟悉度和人格特征。我们还讨论了该分析对广谱脑现象建模的价值，包括广泛性焦虑、恐惧、恐慌样、创伤后应激和抑郁样行为。总的来说，新水箱测试的行为复杂性超越了传统的恐惧和探索之间的二分冲突，可能反映了斑马鱼的多个重叠的神经行为领域。

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引用次数: 0