Behavioural Processes最新文献_第9页

Why do Cattle Egrets forage with cattle? An analysis from an anti-predation perspective 为什么牛白鹭和牛一起觅食？从反捕食角度分析

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105202

Junan Kuang , Yuanxing Ye , Yu Lei , Jiankun Liu , Wenbin Duan , Baoping Qing , Chao Wang , Changqing Ding

The risk-benefit trade-off theory is a fundamental concept in the study of animal behavior strategies and remains a prominent topic in animal ecology. Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus ibis) foraging alongside ungulates has garnered considerable attention. Previous research has highlighted the impact of ungulates on disturbing grassland insects, leading to increased foraging success for Cattle Egrets. However, the risk-benefit relationship from an anti-predator perspective remains underexplored. This study, conducted in Yang County, Shaanxi Province, China, focused on Cattle Egrets and compared the foraging efficiency and flight initiation distance (FID) when foraging alongside cattle (Bos spp.) versus foraging alone. Additionally, our study analyzed the impact of increasing cattle numbers on the FID to assess whether foraging with cattle enhances the perceived safety. We hypothesized that, with more cattle, Cattle Egrets would be less vigilant if they can gain vigilance advantages from cattle. The results indicated significantly higher foraging efficiency and lower FID for Cattle Egrets when foraging with cattle compared to foraging alone, suggests that the presence of cattle enables Cattle Egrets to better tolerate potential predation risks. However, more cattle did not significantly affect the FID, indicating that the perceived predation risk of Cattle Egrets did not reduce with more cattle. The lower FID of Cattle Egrets when foraging with cattle is more likely attributed to higher foraging efficiency rather than lower perceived predation risk in their risk-benefit trade-off. This study explores the mechanism of Cattle Egrets foraging with cattle from an anti-predation perspective, enhancing understanding of this phenomenon and contributing to the risk-benefit trade-off hypothesis.

风险-收益权衡理论是动物行为策略研究中的一个基本概念，也是动物生态学中的一个重要课题。牛白鹭（Bubulcus ibis）与有蹄类动物一起觅食已经引起了相当大的关注。先前的研究强调了有蹄类动物对草地昆虫的影响，从而提高了牛白鹭的觅食成功率。然而，从反捕食者的角度来看，风险-收益关系仍未得到充分探讨。本研究在陕西省阳县以牛白鹭为研究对象，比较了牛白鹭与牛白鹭一起觅食与单独觅食时的觅食效率和飞行起始距离（FID）。此外，我们的研究分析了增加牛的数量对FID的影响，以评估与牛一起觅食是否提高了感知安全性。我们假设，有更多的牛，如果牛白鹭能从牛身上获得警惕优势，它们的警惕性就会降低。结果表明，与单独觅食相比，与牛一起觅食的牛白鹭觅食效率显著提高，FID显著降低，表明牛的存在使牛白鹭能够更好地承受潜在的捕食风险。然而，更多的牛对FID没有显著影响，这表明牛白鹭的感知捕食风险并没有随着牛的增加而降低。与牛一起觅食时，牛白鹭的FID较低更可能是由于觅食效率较高，而不是在风险-收益权衡中感知到的捕食风险较低。本研究从反捕食的角度探讨了牛白鹭与牛一起觅食的机制，增强了对这一现象的理解，并为风险-收益权衡假说提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Invasive social wasp learning abilities when foraging in human modified environments 入侵社会黄蜂在人类改造环境中觅食时的学习能力

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105201

Sabrina Moreyra , Mariana Lozada

The eusocial wasp Vespula germanica has successfully colonised diverse habitats worldwide. This study analyses whether V. germanica can learn to associate their own actions with food availability while foraging in human altered environments by using a Y-maze. We recorded the time taken by wasps to enter the device through a funnel in five consecutive visits; which changed its position randomly on each visit. Initially, food was placed in the funnel in the first two visits, while on the subsequent three visits, the resource was only offered after the wasp entered the device through the funnel. Our results showed that foragers chose the funnel to enter the Y-maze in search of food. Interestingly, on successive visits, when no food was offered, foragers learned to enter the device more rapidly. In sum, the present research reveals that these wasps exhibit diverse learning capabilities, suggesting that their responses can be modified by the consequences they experience. This is the first study to show empirical evidence of learning processes related to changes in motor responses associated with rewarding outcomes in V. germanica. This experimental research contributes to confirming the behavioural plasticity of this species, which could have facilitated its worldwide invasiveness.

群居黄蜂德国黄蜂已经成功地在世界各地的不同栖息地定居。本研究分析了德国小蠊在人类改变的环境中使用y形迷宫觅食时，是否能够学会将自己的行为与食物可用性联系起来。我们记录了黄蜂在连续五次访问中通过漏斗进入设备所需的时间；每次访问都会随机改变位置。最初，在前两次访问中，食物被放置在漏斗中，而在随后的三次访问中，只有在黄蜂通过漏斗进入设备后才提供资源。我们的研究结果表明，觅食者选择漏斗进入y形迷宫寻找食物。有趣的是，在连续的访问中，当没有食物提供时，觅食者学会了更快地进入设备。总之，目前的研究表明，这些黄蜂表现出不同的学习能力，这表明它们的反应可以被它们所经历的后果所改变。这是第一个研究显示经验证据的学习过程相关的运动反应的变化与奖励结果在德国田鼠。这项实验研究有助于确认该物种的行为可塑性，这可能有助于其在全球范围内的入侵。

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引用次数: 0

Aerial urination in Amazon river dolphins: reassessing its social significance and implications for sensory biology 亚马逊河海豚的空中排尿：重新评估其社会意义和对感官生物学的影响

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105192

Kai R. Caspar

Araújo-Wang et al. (2025) reported on aerial urination events in male Amazon river dolphins (Inia araguaiaensis) from the Tocantins River in Brazil, a phenomenon that appears to occur across populations of Inia. The authors argue that this behavior would be indicative of a yet undescribed sensory modality in these animals and that it probably represents an intrasexual display of dominance. However, both of these claims do not appear plausible in light of the limited available data. If indeed functional, aerial urination is more parsimoniously explained as a form of solo or social play.

Araújo-Wang等人（2025）报道了来自巴西托坎廷斯河的雄性亚马逊河海豚（Inia araguaiaensis）的空中排尿事件，这种现象似乎发生在印度的各个种群中。作者认为，这种行为可能表明了这些动物的一种尚未描述的感觉模式，它可能代表了一种雌雄同体的统治表现。然而，鉴于现有数据有限，这两种说法似乎都不可信。如果空中排尿确实有功能，那么更简洁地解释为一种单独或社交游戏的形式。

引用次数: 0

The role of line-of-sight in operant experiments using food reinforcers in guinea pigs 视线在豚鼠食物强化实验中的作用

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105189

Kristie E. Cameron, Cameron Hoult, Thomas W. Walker

The guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) is a species utilized as a model in laboratory science and is a popular companion animal. The study aimed to assess the role of line-of-sight with a food reinforcer in the ramp climbing behaviour of guinea pigs. Ten guinea pigs climbed a ramp of increasing slopes to gain a reinforcer in two conditions. The experimental condition provided constant line-of-sight with the food reinforcer at any angle, via a mirror placed at the top of the ramp. The control condition did not have a mirror. The results showed that guinea pigs had shorter climbing durations and reached ramp heights of up to 63 centimetres, when line-of-sight with the food was maintained. In comparison, ramp climbing was initially faster, but guinea pigs did not climb beyond a height of 18 centimetres in the control condition. The findings highlight the importance of ensuring visual access to reinforcers in behavioural studies and to inform husbandry practices such as providing guidance when ramps are used to enhance enclosures.

豚鼠（Cavia porcellus）是一种在实验室科学中用作模型的物种，是一种受欢迎的伴侣动物。该研究旨在评估视线与食物强化剂在豚鼠爬坡行为中的作用。在两种情况下，10只豚鼠爬上不断增加的斜坡以获得强化物。在实验条件下，通过放置在坡道顶部的镜子，食物强化剂在任何角度都能保持恒定的视线。控制条件下没有镜子。结果表明，当与食物保持视线距离时，豚鼠的攀爬时间较短，爬坡高度可达63厘米。相比之下，在坡道上爬得更快，但在控制条件下，豚鼠爬的高度不超过18厘米。研究结果强调了在行为研究中确保强化物的视觉通道的重要性，并为畜牧业实践提供信息，例如在使用坡道来加强围栏时提供指导。

引用次数: 0

Anxiogenic and anxiolytic modulators differentially affect thigmotaxis and thrashing behavior in adult zebrafish during habituation to the open field test 焦虑性和焦虑性调节剂对成年斑马鱼在野外适应过程中的趋动性和拍打行为有不同的影响

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105199

João V. Borba , Cássio M. Resmim , Barbara D. Fontana , Hevelyn S. Moraes , Mariana L. Müller , Laura Blanco , Angela E. Uchoa , Matthew O. Parker , Denis B. Rosemberg

The Open Field Test (OFT) is a valuable paradigm to study the effects of distinct anxiety-like states on exploratory dynamics. Zebrafish responds to anxiogenic and anxiolytic protocols in the OFT, but the influence of such manipulations on the habituation process is still unclear. Here, we aimed to elucidate how distinct anxiety modulators influence thigmotaxis over time and thrashing behavior. For this, adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) were submitted to the morphine (1.5 mg/L) withdrawal protocol (MOR) and acute conspecific alarm substance (CAS) at 3.5 mL/L for 5 min as anxiogenic exposures. For anxiolytic treatments, we selected acute ethanol (ETOH) at 0.5 % (v/v) for 1 h and acute fluoxetine (FLU) at 100 µg/L for 15 min. Then, fish were individually transferred to a 10-min OFT trial, with posterior analysis of behavioral activity. While MOR responses comprised hyperactivity, higher thigmotaxis, and increased thrashing, CAS showed heightened total immobility. ETOH exposure decreased time spent and distance traveled in the periphery, thrashing behavior, and locomotion. FLU group spent less time in the periphery, showing decreased thigmotaxis and thrashing. Pearson analyses contributed to elucidate how endpoint data correlate to each other, reinforcing the distinct responses observed. Overall, our study reinforces the differential effects evoked by anxiogenic and anxiolytic protocols regarding thigmotaxis. Moreover, our results suggest that thrashing behavior configures a valuable tool to improve behavioral analyses in the OFT, contributing to further in-depth investigations related to distinct anxiety-like states.

开放场测试（OFT）是研究不同焦虑样状态对探索动力学影响的一个有价值的范式。在OFT中，斑马鱼对致焦虑和抗焦虑方案有反应，但这种操作对习惯过程的影响尚不清楚。在这里，我们的目的是阐明不同的焦虑调节剂如何随着时间的推移影响移动性和殴打行为。为此，将成年斑马鱼（Danio rerio）作为焦虑源暴露于吗啡（1.5 mg/L）戒断方案（MOR）和急性同特异性报警物质（CAS） 3.5 mL/L，持续5 min。对于抗焦虑治疗，我们选择急性乙醇（ETOH）浓度为0.5 % (v/v)，持续1 h，急性氟西汀（FLU）浓度为100 µg/L，持续15 min。然后，将鱼单独转移到10分钟的OFT试验中，并对行为活动进行后验分析。虽然MOR反应包括多动、更高的移动性和增加的抖动，但CAS表现出更高的完全不动。ETOH暴露减少了外围活动的时间和距离、打闹行为和运动。流感组在周围停留的时间较短，表现出趋动性和搏动性下降。皮尔逊分析有助于阐明终点数据如何相互关联，加强观察到的不同反应。总的来说，我们的研究强调了焦虑性和抗焦虑性方案在趋近性方面所引起的差异效应。此外，我们的研究结果表明，痛打行为是一种有价值的工具，可以改善OFT中的行为分析，有助于进一步深入研究不同的焦虑样状态。

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引用次数: 0

The investigation of sexual and interspecies disparities in spatial learning and memory across two rodent species 两种啮齿类动物空间学习记忆的性别差异和种间差异研究

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105190

Meilin Zhu, Jing Wang, Yifeng Zhang, Jiqi Lu

Spatial learning and memory are critical for animal survival, enabling adaptation to changing and unpredictable environments. These abilities enhance competitiveness and fitness by supporting navigation, resource acquisition, and predator avoidance. Understanding how spatial learning and memory vary among species with different living conditions can provide insights into the evolutionary pressures shaping these skills. In this study, we examine learning and memory abilities from an ecological perspective by comparing Brandt’s voles (Lasiopodomys brandti) with Kunming mice (Mus musculus) using complex maze tests. Brandt’s voles exhibited significantly shorter total task time (TTT) and fewer number of errors (NEI) compared to Kunming mice, highlighting superior spatial learning ability. Short-term memory (STMR) results revealed no significant differences between species as well as sex. For long-term memory (LTMR), Brandt’s voles demonstrated consistently better retention across all time points, reflected in lower TTT and NEI. While short-term forgetting rates (STFR) were comparable between species, long-term forgetting rates (LTFR) indicated that Kunming mice exhibited higher rates of memory loss over extended periods than Brandt’s voles, with male mice exhibiting higher rates of memory decline than females. Overall, the findings suggest that Brandt’s voles possess enhanced spatial learning and long-term memory capacities, likely reflecting adaptations to their living condition. This study contributes to our understanding of species- and sex-related differences in spatial learning and memory, providing evidence for the ecological basis of these cognitive traits in response to environmental challenges.

空间学习和记忆对动物生存至关重要，使其能够适应不断变化和不可预测的环境。这些能力通过支持导航、获取资源和躲避捕食者来增强竞争力和适应性。了解空间学习和记忆在不同生活条件下的物种之间是如何变化的，可以帮助我们深入了解形成这些技能的进化压力。在这项研究中，我们从生态学的角度考察了勃兰特田鼠（Lasiopodomys brandti）和昆明小鼠（Mus musus）的学习和记忆能力。与昆明小鼠相比，勃兰特田鼠的总任务时间（TTT）显著缩短，错误数（NEI）显著减少，空间学习能力显著提高。短期记忆（STMR）结果显示，物种和性别之间没有显著差异。对于长期记忆（LTMR），勃兰特的田鼠在所有时间点上都表现出更好的记忆力，反映在较低的TTT和NEI上。虽然短期遗忘率（STFR）在物种之间具有可比性，但长期遗忘率（LTFR）表明昆明小鼠在较长时间内表现出比勃兰特田鼠更高的记忆丧失率，雄性小鼠表现出比雌性小鼠更高的记忆衰退率。总的来说，研究结果表明，勃兰特田鼠具有增强的空间学习和长期记忆能力，这可能反映了它们对生活条件的适应。该研究有助于我们理解空间学习和记忆的物种和性别差异，为这些认知特征在应对环境挑战时的生态基础提供证据。

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引用次数: 0

Variation in natural color influences mate choice in a fiddler crab (Leptuca leptodactyla) 自然颜色的变化影响招潮蟹（Leptuca leptodactyla）的配偶选择。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105188

Beatriz Aparecida de Souza, Daniel Marques Almeida Pessoa

In several species, natural variation in visible and ultraviolet (UV) light reflectance has been linked to individual reproductive quality. However, when evaluating the value of UV information, most studies employ experimental treatments that completely block UV light reflection, therefore disregarding individual variation in natural coloration. For instance, we already know that female fiddler crabs might refuse males whose claws are devoid of natural UV light reflectance (i.e., by covering them with sunscreen), yet it is still unclear how the natural variation in male fiddler crab claw coloration affects female mate choice. Here, we examine this question and hypothesize that female fiddler crabs can use natural male color variation as a parameter for partner selection. To investigate the preference of female fiddler crabs we set up an experimental arena in a mangrove area and presented female Leptuca leptodactyla (n = 100) with pairs (n = 100) of conspecific males. After registering a female’s choice, we quantified the natural reflectance (i.e., color) from the enlarged claw of each male, by using a spectrometer, and extracted their colorimetric parameters (i.e., brightness, saturation and hue). Our results showed that females significantly favored males displaying higher brightness and lower green saturation. We discuss the possibility that brightness and saturation are redundant properties of the examined trait, both conveying information about male individual quality to females.

在一些物种中，可见光和紫外线（UV）反射率的自然变化与个体的生殖质量有关。然而，在评估紫外线信息的价值时，大多数研究采用完全阻挡紫外线反射的实验处理，因此忽略了自然颜色的个体差异。例如，我们已经知道雌性招潮蟹可能会拒绝那些爪子没有自然紫外线反射能力的雄性（例如，用防晒霜覆盖它们），但雄性招潮蟹爪子颜色的自然变化如何影响雌性的配偶选择仍然不清楚。在这里，我们研究了这个问题，并假设雌性招潮蟹可以使用雄性的自然颜色变化作为选择伴侣的参数。为了研究招潮蟹对雌性的偏好，我们在红树区内设置了一个实验场所，将雌性招潮蟹（n = 100）与同种雄性招潮蟹配对（n = 100）。在记录了雌性的选择后，我们用光谱仪量化了每只雄性的放大爪子的自然反射率（即颜色），并提取了它们的比色参数（即亮度、饱和度和色调）。我们的研究结果表明，雌性明显偏爱高亮度和低绿色饱和度的雄性。我们讨论了亮度和饱和度是被检测性状的冗余属性的可能性，它们都向雌性传递有关雄性个体质量的信息。

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引用次数: 0

Evidence of AAB, ABA, and ABC renewal procedures for instrumental response in elementary school children 小学儿童工具性反应的AAB、ABA和ABC更新程序的证据

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105191

Rosalia Baiamonte , A. Matías Gámez

The reappearance of undesirable behaviours in educational settings, even after applying extinction techniques, remains a persistent challenge for educators. One mechanism that explains this phenomenon is the renewal effect, which has been well-documented in studies with adult humans and other animals, but still underexplored in children. This study investigated the effects of applying AAB renewal procedures (Experiment 1) and ABA and ABC renewal procedures (Experiment 2) through an instrumental learning task in primary school children. The results revealed that, consistent with previous findings, a context change between the extinction and test phases contributes to the return of previously extinguished behaviour. These findings provide an innovative perspective to carry out experiments aimed at evaluating strategies to mitigate response recovery effects, thereby facilitating the subsequent designing of more effective educational interventions to prevent relapse.

教育环境中不良行为的再现，即使在应用了消除技术之后，仍然是教育工作者面临的一个持续的挑战。解释这一现象的一种机制是更新效应，在对成年人和其他动物的研究中已经有了充分的记录，但对儿童的研究还不够充分。本研究通过一项工具性学习任务，考察了运用AAB更新程序（实验1）和ABA和ABC更新程序（实验2）对小学生学习的影响。结果显示，与之前的发现一致，在灭绝和测试阶段之间的环境变化有助于先前消失的行为的回归。这些发现为开展旨在评估缓解反应恢复效应策略的实验提供了一个创新的视角，从而促进后续设计更有效的教育干预措施以防止复发。

引用次数: 0

Responsiveness to sound temporal features at realistic signal presentation rates in a temperate austral forest frog, Batrachyla leptopus (Batrachylidae) 温带南方森林蛙在真实信号呈现率下对声音时间特征的响应

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105178

Mario Penna , Rigoberto Solís , Felipe N. Moreno-Gómez

Evoked vocal responses of male frogs are quite selective for temporal features contained in conspecific calls. However, responses to sound features not contained in natural vocalizations can also elicit evoked calling, indicating a relative broadness of acoustic recognition spaces. Former studies have shown that Batrachyla leptopus, a frog from the South American temperate forest, responds with calls of potential aggressive content to synthetic stimuli containing elements of such signals and also to novel signal features. The current study explores the vocal responsiveness to signals of diverse temporal structure under realistic conditions of stimulus broadcast, employing presentation rates observed in alternating interactions between pairs of males. The results show that aggressive patterns of response, measured as increased call duration, are specially consistent in exposures to stimuli of novel design, not related to natural vocalizations. These results stress the relevance of hidden recognition preferences, pre-existent perceptual biases and related processes to account for the extant acoustic responsiveness of sound communicating animals, contributing to assess the relevance of aggressive signaling patterns for the evolution of sound communication in anurans

雄蛙的诱发声反应对同种鸣叫的时间特征具有相当的选择性。然而，对自然发声中不包含的声音特征的响应也可以引起诱发呼叫，这表明声音识别空间相对广阔。以前的研究表明，一种来自南美温带森林的蛙类Batrachyla leptopus，对含有这些信号元素的合成刺激和新的信号特征做出反应，发出潜在攻击性内容的叫声。本研究利用观察到的雄性对间交替互动的呈现率，探讨了在刺激广播的现实条件下，声音对不同时间结构信号的反应。结果表明，攻击性的反应模式，以叫声持续时间的增加来衡量，在暴露于新设计的刺激时特别一致，与自然发声无关。这些结果强调了隐藏的识别偏好、预先存在的感知偏差和相关过程与声音交流动物现有的声音反应的相关性，有助于评估攻击信号模式与无脊椎动物声音交流进化的相关性

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引用次数: 0

The elusive nature of forward blocking effect on running-based taste aversion learning in laboratory rats 实验大鼠以奔跑为基础的味觉厌恶学习的前向阻断效应的难以捉摸性。

IF 1.3 4区生物学 Q4 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Behavioural Processes

Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2025.105187

Sadahiko Nakajima, Iho Hasegawa, Maria Nakao, Ai Tanaka, Madoka Abe, Mengwei Li

It is well documented that rats learn to avoid a taste solution consumed immediately before voluntary running in activity wheels, which represents a form of Pavlovian aversive conditioning based on the taste-running association. Although various behavioral phenomena observed in typical Pavlovian preparations, such as fear conditioning, have also been demonstrated in this setup, evidence of the associative blocking effect is limited. The present study aimed to demonstrate this effect, and the first experiment provided some positive evidence. Conditioning rats with serial presentations of two taste solutions followed by an opportunity to run (A → B → running) resulted in reduced aversion to taste A if the rats had prior experience of running after consuming B (B → running), suggesting that the previously established B-running association blocked the A-running association. However, subsequent experiments failed to yield statistically reliable results, raising questions about the robustness of the blocking effect on running-based taste aversion learning.

有充分的证据表明，老鼠学会避免在自愿跑步之前立即食用的味道溶液，这代表了一种基于味觉-跑步关联的巴甫洛夫厌恶条件反射。虽然在典型的巴甫洛夫准备中观察到的各种行为现象，如恐惧条件反射，也在这种设置中得到了证明，但联想阻断效应的证据是有限的。本研究旨在证明这一效应，第一个实验提供了一些积极的证据。对连续呈现两种味道的大鼠进行条件反射（A→B→跑步），如果大鼠在食用B （B→跑步）后有跑步的经验，则大鼠对A味道的厌恶程度降低，这表明先前建立的B-跑步关联阻碍了A-跑步关联。然而，随后的实验未能产生统计上可靠的结果，这就提出了关于阻塞效应在基于跑步的味觉厌恶学习中的稳健性的问题。

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引用次数: 0