Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology最新文献_第3页

Toxicity and physiological effects of a botanical insecticide, matrine, against the mulberry snout moth and evaluation of its residual effect on silkworm 植物性杀虫剂苦参碱对桑鼻蛾的毒性、生理效应及其对家蚕的残留效应评价

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2026.103932

Shabnam Mehrtash , Arash Zibaee , Farjad Rafeie , Ramin Abdoli

Matrine is a naturally occurring heterocyclic compound isolated from the roots of Sophora flavescens, known for its broad insecticidal activity against various pest species. Severe damage caused by Glyphodes pyloalis Walker to mulberry leaves, along with the need for sustainable and eco-friendly control measures, motivated the present study using this plant-based insecticide. In the current study, different concentrations of Matrine caused significant mortality in second-instar larvae of the mulberry snout moth, with LC₁₀, LC₃₀, and LC₅₀ values of 420, 919, and 1582 mg formulated/L, respectively. The LC₃₀ concentration of Matrine significantly reduced several nutritional indices of G. pyloalis larvae, approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), relative consumption rate (RCR), and relative growth rate (RGR). Larvae fed on Matrine-treated mulberry leaves also showed a significant reduction in digestive enzyme activities, including α-amylase, trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, aminopeptidases, and carboxypeptidases. Activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, γ-glutamyltransferase, and both acid and alkaline phosphatases were significantly reduced in treated larvae, while lactate dehydrogenase activity did not differ between treated and control groups. Antioxidant enzymes—including catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase—were significantly induced in Matrine-treated larvae. Statistical analyses further revealed that Matrine negatively affected several economic traits of Bombyx mori, including larval weight, pupal weight, cocoon weight, and cocoon shell weight. Laboratory evidence indicates that Matrine induces rapid mortality and substantial physiological stress in G. pyloalis larvae, while immediate exposure in B. mori results in detectable side effects on key economic parameters. These findings highlight Matrine as a promising and environmentally friendly alternative to synthetic insecticides for protecting mulberry trees and supporting the long-term sustainability of sericulture.

苦参碱是一种天然存在的杂环化合物，从苦参的根中分离出来，以其对多种害虫的广泛杀虫活性而闻名。由于草甘膦对桑叶的危害严重，以及对可持续和生态友好型防治措施的需求，促使本研究使用这种植物基杀虫剂。本研究中，不同浓度苦参碱对桑鼻蛾二龄幼虫的死亡率显著，LC10、LC30和LC50分别为420、919和1582 mg配制/L。苦参碱LC30浓度显著降低了pyloalis幼虫的几种营养指标：近似消化率（AD）、摄入食物转化效率（ECI）、消化食物转化效率（ECD）、相对摄食率（RCR）和相对生长率（RGR）。经苦参碱处理的桑叶也显著降低了幼虫的消化酶活性，包括α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、凝乳胰蛋白酶、弹性酶、氨基肽酶和羧肽酶。丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、γ-谷氨酰转氨酶、酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著降低，乳酸脱氢酶活性与对照组无显著差异。抗氧化酶（包括过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶）在苦参碱处理的幼虫中被显著诱导。统计分析表明，苦参碱对家蚕幼虫重、蛹重、茧重、茧壳重等经济性状均有负向影响。实验室证据表明，苦参碱可导致幽门家蚕幼虫快速死亡和大量生理应激，而立即暴露于家蚕中会对关键经济参数产生可检测到的副作用。这些发现强调了苦参碱作为一种有前景的、环境友好的合成杀虫剂替代品，可用于保护桑树和支持蚕桑养殖的长期可持续性。

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引用次数: 0

Production, chemical characterization and bioactive properties of cell-bound and extracellular biosurfactants from a newly isolated, potential probiotic Lactobacillus strain grown on dairy wastes 一种新分离的潜在益生菌乳酸菌菌株的细胞结合和细胞外生物表面活性剂的生产、化学特性和生物活性

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2026.103922

Dimitra Alimpoumpa, Maria Alexandri, Harris Papapostolou, Nikolaos Kopsahelis

The use of health-promoting microorganisms for biosurfactant (BS) production could expand their applications, especially in novel food formulations. This study investigated fourteen newly isolated lactic acid bacterial strains for their ability to produce cell-bound (CB) and extracellular (EC) BS using deproteinized cheese whey (CW) as substrate. Among the tested isolates, the potential probiotic strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum F254 showed the most promising results in terms of substrate utilization and BS production. In batch bioreactor fermentations with CW as the sole nutrient source, the strain was able to produce 0.25 g/L of cell-bound BS (CB-BS) and 0.51 g/L of extracellular BS (EC-BS). Critical micelle concentration (CMC) was lower for CB-BS (0.20 g/L) compared to the EC-BS (1.07 g/L). ATR-FTIR and chromatographic analyses point to a glycolipopeptide nature for both BS types composed mainly of glucose, galactose, and palmitic acid; however, amino acid profiles differed: CB-BS contained predominantly arginine and glutamic acid, while EC-BS were mainly composed of phenylalanine, isoleucine, and proline. Both BS types were also able to inhibit several pathogenic microorganisms, while EC-BS could completely suppress the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. This is the first report describing simultaneous production and characterization of both CB and EC-BS by L. plantarum F254. The ability to obtain bioactive BS from a potential probiotic strain using dairy waste as substrate demonstrates clear bioprocess and industrial relevance, providing a sustainable route for valorizing CW while generating natural compounds suitable for clean-label food formulations or other high-value applications.

利用有益健康的微生物生产生物表面活性剂（BS）可以扩大其在新型食品配方中的应用。本研究研究了14株新分离的乳酸菌菌株以脱蛋白奶酪乳清（CW）为底物产生细胞结合（CB）和细胞外（EC） BS的能力。在所测试的菌株中，潜在的益生菌菌株植物乳杆菌F254在底物利用和BS生产方面表现出最有希望的结果。在以CW为唯一营养源的间歇生物反应器发酵中，菌株能产生0.25 g/L的细胞结合BS （CB-BS）和0.51 g/L的细胞外BS （EC-BS）。CB-BS的临界胶束浓度（CMC）为0.20 g/L，低于EC-BS的1.07 g/L。ATR-FTIR和色谱分析表明，这两种BS类型主要由葡萄糖、半乳糖和棕榈酸组成的糖多糖肽性质；然而，氨基酸分布不同：CB-BS主要含有精氨酸和谷氨酸，而EC-BS主要由苯丙氨酸、异亮氨酸和脯氨酸组成。两种BS均能抑制多种病原微生物，其中EC-BS能完全抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的生长。这是首次报道L. plantarum F254同时生产CB和EC-BS并进行鉴定。利用乳制品废物作为底物从潜在的益生菌菌株中获得生物活性BS的能力表明了明确的生物过程和工业相关性，为CW的增值提供了可持续的途径，同时产生适合清洁标签食品配方或其他高价值应用的天然化合物。

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引用次数: 0

Targeting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor by 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol an allelopathic compound in rice based on in silico, in vitro, fluorescence and HPLC analyses 基于硅、体外、荧光和高效液相色谱分析的水稻化感化合物2,4-二叔丁基酚靶向乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2026.103945

Apirak Payaka , Sompong Sansenya , Preecha Mansalai , Nipitpon Srimai , Danuyada Wattanaumadechakul , Rattanawan Thubthed , Nattinee Jitprawetand , Thunyakorn Rattanahanvet

2,4-Di tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTNB) has been identified as an allelopathic substance present in plants. The biological activity of 2,4-DTNB relevant to human health has been explored, but evidence linking it to Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains lacking. Here, we evaluated the inhibitory potential and kinetic analysis of 2,4-DTNB based on fluorescence analysis in vitro, in silico. Moreover, the study also uses HPLC analysis to investigate the content of 2,4-DTNB in the Thai rice cultivars. The 2,4-DTNB contained in rice samples was approximately 38.40 ± 0.30 to 290.73 ± 2.48 μg/kg. The effect of all rice extracts has the potential to inhibit AChE. Specifically, the 2,4-DTNB has inhibitory potential against the AChE was 52.05

\pm

2.43 (%). These results demonstrated that the AChE inhibition by rice extracts was independent of both the content and inhibitory potential of 2,4-DTNB. The 2,4-DTNB inhibited the AChE via a mixed-type inhibition mechanism with the K_i of 100.00 μM. Fluorescence analysis indicated that the 2,4-DTNB was bound with aromatic amino acids such as TRP84, PHE330, PHE331, and TYR334, and by the concentration-dependent enhancement of intrinsic fluorescence and synchronous fluorescence changes of aromatic residues, particularly tyrosine, consistent with ligand-induced conformational alterations. The docking results also supported that the 2,4-DTNB was surrounded by amino acids at the midway between PAS and anionic subsite in the active site of AChE. These findings suggest that 2,4-DTNB, an allelopathic substance found in rice, is a potential candidate as an AChE inhibitor for AD treatment.

2,4-二叔丁基酚（2,4- dtnb）已被确定为植物中的化感物质。2,4- dtnb与人类健康相关的生物活性已被探索，但仍缺乏将其与阿尔茨海默病（AD）联系起来的证据。在此，我们基于荧光分析评估了2,4- dtnb的体外抑制潜力和动力学分析。此外，本研究还利用高效液相色谱法分析了泰国水稻品种中2,4- dtnb的含量。水稻样品中2,4- dtnb含量约为38.40±0.30 ~ 290.73±2.48 μg/kg。所有的大米提取物都有抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶的潜力。2,4- dtnb对AChE的抑制电位为52.05±2.43（%）。这些结果表明，水稻提取物对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用与2,4- dtnb的含量和抑制潜力无关。2,4- dtnb通过混合抑制机制抑制AChE， Ki为100.00 μM。荧光分析表明，2,4- dtnb与芳香氨基酸如TRP84、PHE330、PHE331和TYR334结合，并通过浓度依赖性增强的固有荧光和芳香残基（尤其是酪氨酸）的同步荧光变化，符合配体诱导的构象改变。对接结果也支持2,4- dtnb在PAS和AChE活性位点阴离子亚位之间的中间位置被氨基酸包围。这些发现表明，水稻中的化感物质2,4- dtnb是治疗AD的AChE抑制剂的潜在候选物质。

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引用次数: 0

Three-phase partitioning (TPP) purification, characterization and dye decolorization application of laccase from Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48 acaciicola Pseudolagarobasidium TDW-48漆酶的三相分割纯化、表征及染料脱色应用

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2026.103940

Thi Thu Huong Luong, Supattra Poeaim

This study focused on the efficient and economical purification of laccase from P. acaciicola TDW-48 and its application in dye decolorization. Firstly, the P. acaciicola TDW-48's laccase was purified by the three-phase partitioning (TPP) method, and then the artificial neural network-genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) optimization was used to improve the purification yield. The result indicated that the TPP method successfully purified P. acaciicola TDW-48's laccase with a high purification yield. After ANN-GA optimization, the strong interactive effects of the TPP parameters on purification yield were demonstrated by a high-accuracy ANN model (R-value of 0.99918 for all datasets). An optimum TPP system was developed, achieving 138.7 % activity recovery and 1.62-fold purity at a 57.82 % salt concentration, pH 5.75, and a t-butanol/enzyme ratio of 1.5. In the following, the enzyme characteristics and application potential of purified laccase were determined. The P. acaciicola TDW-48's laccase showed a molecular weight of 60.5 kDa and functioned optimally at pH 3 and 30 °C. The kinetic parameters implied high affinity and catalytic efficiency for the ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) substrate, with a low Km (37.9 μM) and a high Vmax (46.01 mM/min). Moreover, the purified laccase showed excellent potential for dye decolorization, with 44 % Congo red, 80 % bromophenol blue, and 58 % phenol red decolorized after 8 h of treatment.

本文主要研究了从紫杉树TDW-48中高效、经济地提纯漆酶及其在染料脱色中的应用。首先，采用三相分割（TPP）法对紫杉树TDW-48漆酶进行纯化，然后采用人工神经网络遗传算法（ANN-GA）优化提高纯化收率。结果表明，采用TPP法纯化了紫杉树TDW-48的漆酶，纯化率较高。经过ANN- ga优化后，通过高精度的ANN模型（所有数据集的r值为0.99918）证明了TPP参数对纯化率的强交互效应。在盐浓度为57.82%、pH为5.75、t-丁醇/酶比为1.5的条件下，最佳TPP体系的活性回收率为138.7%，纯度为1.62倍。本文对纯化漆酶的酶学特性和应用潜力进行了探讨。该漆酶的分子量为60.5 kDa，在pH为3、温度为30℃的条件下具有最佳的酶活性。动力学参数表明，ABTS（2,2′-氮基-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸））底物具有较低的Km （37.9 μM）和较高的Vmax (46.01 mM/min)，具有较高的亲和力和催化效率。此外，纯化的漆酶表现出良好的染料脱色潜力，经过8小时的处理，脱色率为44%刚果红，80%溴酚蓝和58%酚红。

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引用次数: 0

A novel broad-specificity GH51 α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Paenibacillus antarcticus that acts synergistically with other xylanolytic enzymes to completely saccharify arabinoxylans 来自南极芽孢杆菌的一种新型广谱GH51 α- l -阿拉伯糖醛酸苷酶与其他木聚糖水解酶协同作用，使阿拉伯糖醛酸苷完全糖化

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2026.103926

Yesi Maysita , Gayatri Budhi Khrisnamurti , Bauke W. Dijkstra , Ni Nyoman Tri Puspaningsih , Ali Rohman

The genome of the psychrotolerant bacterium Paenibacillus antarcticus KACC 11469 contains a gene for an α-L-arabinofuranosidase. We report biochemical properties of the recombinant product of this gene (rPan-AF51), the first enzyme to be characterized from this bacterium. Sequence and structural analyses identified it as a member of glycoside hydrolase family 51. The enzyme showed optimal activity at pH 6.0 and was stable over the pH range of 6.0–10.0. It exhibited optimal activity at 35 °C and retained both stability and activity at or below this temperature, indicating cold adaptation. rPan-AF51 was highly sensitive to transition-metal ions and detergents, whereas main-group-metal ions, EDTA, β-mercaptoethanol, and ethanol had minimal effect, and monosaccharides caused weak inhibition. rPan-AF51 is an exo-acting enzyme with high activity towards 4-nitrophenyl-α-L-arabinofuranoside (4-NPA); kinetic analysis revealed K_m, V_max, and k_cat values of 0.44 mM, 313 U/mg, and 309 s⁻¹, respectively. Remarkably, the enzyme is able to hydrolyse α-1,2, α-1,3, and α-1,5-L-arabinofuranosidic bonds at the non-reducing termini of α-L-arabinose-containing saccharides. Among the polysaccharides tested, the enzyme was most efficient on debranched sugar beet arabinan (DBAR), followed by partially debranched wheat arabinoxylan (EDWAX) and sugar beet arabinan (ARAB), with k_cat/K_m values of 0.484, 0.346, and 0.240 mL mg⁻¹·s⁻¹, respectively. Finally, rPan-AF51 acted synergistically with β-xylanase and β-xylosidase in the complete saccharification of rye flour arabinoxylan (RAXY), a substrate that is otherwise recalcitrant to complete hydrolysis. These properties make rPan-AF51 a potential catalyst for industrial applications that operate at low to moderate temperatures.

耐寒细菌南极芽孢杆菌KACC 11469的基因组含有一个α- l -阿拉伯糖醛酸苷酶基因。我们报道了该基因的重组产物（rPan-AF51）的生化特性，这是该细菌中第一个被表征的酶。序列和结构分析表明该酶为糖苷水解酶家族51的成员。该酶在pH 6.0时活性最佳，在pH 6.0 ~ 10.0范围内保持稳定。它在35°C时表现出最佳活性，在35°C或更低的温度下保持稳定性和活性，表明其具有冷适应性。rPan-AF51对过渡金属离子和洗涤剂高度敏感，而主基金属离子、EDTA、β-巯基乙醇和乙醇对其影响较小，单糖对其抑制作用较弱。rPan-AF51是一种对4-硝基苯基-α- l-阿拉伯糖醛酸苷（4-NPA）具有高活性的外显作用酶；动力学分析显示，Km、Vmax和kcat值分别为0.44 mM、313 U/mg和309 s−1。值得注意的是，该酶能够水解α- l -阿拉伯糖糖非还原末端的α-1,2, α-1,3和α-1,5- l -阿拉伯糖醛酸键。该酶对脱支的阿拉伯甜菜多糖（DBAR）的降解效率最高，其次是部分脱支的阿拉伯小麦木聚糖（EDWAX）和阿拉伯甜菜多糖（ARAB），其kcat/Km值分别为0.484、0.346和0.240 mL mg−1·s−1。最后，rPan-AF51与β-木聚糖酶和β-木糖苷酶协同作用，使黑麦面粉阿拉伯木聚糖（RAXY）完全糖化，否则这种底物难以完全水解。这些特性使rPan-AF51成为在低至中等温度下工作的工业应用的潜在催化剂。

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引用次数: 0

Bio-stimulants role in modulating the physiological attributes and antioxidant defense system for improving the growth and productivity of flax plants 生物刺激剂在调节亚麻植物生理特性和抗氧化防御系统中的作用，促进亚麻植物的生长和生产力

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2026.103929

A.S.M. Younis , A.A. Ramadan , M.M.S. Abdallah , B.A. Bakry , H.M.S. El-Bassiouny

A field experiment was conducted at the Research and Production Station of the National Research Centre (NRC), Al-Nubaria District, Al-Behaira Governorate, Egypt, during two successive winter seasons, 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. To estimate the effects of foliar application of alanine and biotin (50, 75, and 100 mg/L) on flax (Linum usitatissimum L.; cultivar Sakha-3), growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, seed yield quantity and quality, and some biochemical aspects, grown in sandy soil. Exogenous application of alanine or biotin improved flax growth and yield by stimulating the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), enhanced the activities of key antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase), and increased the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as phenols, flavonoids, β-carotene, lycopene, anthocyanins, and glutathione. Moreover, alanine and biotin concentrations caused significant increases in nutritional values of the yielded seeds as carbohydrates, proteins, and oil percentage. The produced seeds had a higher ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids. It was observed that 75 mg/L of alanine induced the highest % of increase compared to control plants in terms of No. of capsules/plant (44.26 %), capsules yield/plant (70.89 %), seeds yield/plant (40 %), No. of seeds/capsule (36.01 %). Consequently the quantity and quality of seed yield (ton/ha), and oil yield (ton/ha) of flax plants grown in reclaimed sandy soil were increased. Meanwhile, biotin at 100 mg/L improved the quality of oil in terms of unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio compared to the control, being 8.03 vs. 3.72 %, respectively.

在2021/2022年和2022/2023年连续两个冬季，在埃及Al-Behaira省Al-Nubaria区国家研究中心（NRC）的研究和生产站进行了现场试验。研究了叶面施用丙氨酸和生物素（50、75和100 mg/L）对沙质土壤中亚麻（Linum usitatissimum L.; Sakha-3）生长特性、光合色素、籽粒产量和品质及一些生化指标的影响。外源应用丙氨酸或生物素通过刺激吲哚-3-乙酸（IAA）的生物合成，提高关键抗氧化酶（过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、超氧化物歧化酶和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶）的活性，提高非酶抗氧化化合物（如酚类、类黄酮、β-胡萝卜素、番茄红素、花青素和谷胱甘肽）的水平，促进亚麻生长和产量。此外，丙氨酸和生物素浓度显著提高了所产种子的碳水化合物、蛋白质和油脂的营养价值。所生产的种子中不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比例较高。结果表明，与对照植株相比，75 mg/L丙氨酸诱导的氮素含量的增加百分比最高。荚果数/株（44.26%）、荚果数/株（70.89%）、种子数/株（40%）；种子/蒴果占36.01%。结果表明，在复垦砂质土壤上种植的亚麻种子产量（吨/公顷）和油料产量（吨/公顷）的数量和质量均有所提高。同时，生物素浓度为100 mg/L时，与对照相比，不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸比值提高了油脂质量，分别为8.03和3.72%。

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引用次数: 0

Croton grewioides Baill essential oil reduces biofilm formation and the virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 巴豆精油可降低油菜黄单胞菌的生物膜形成和毒力。定

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103913

Caroline Alves Soares , Itamara Bomfim Gois , Luís Fernando de Andrade Nascimento , Larissa Sousa Gois , Jessica Silva Santos , Arie Fitzgerald Blank , Paulo Roberto Gagliardi , Roberta Pereira Miranda Fernandes

Preventing crop losses caused by plant pathogens through sustainable strategies is crucial for food security and environmental protection. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot in crucifers, severely affects Brassica oleracea L. crops worldwide. This study evaluated essential oils (EOs) from Croton grewioides Baill. for their ability to inhibit Xcc virulence factors, focusing on biofilm formation, bacterial motility, and extracellular enzyme activity. Leaves of 25 C. grewioides accessions were subjected to hydrodistillation and the EOs of 5 accessions, selected from antibiofilm activity screening, were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Eugenol was identified as the major compound in accessions CGR-107 (82.86 %), CGR-108 (81.67 %) and CGR-220 (84.92 %), while methyl eugenol (70.10 %) and methyl chavicol (69.17 %) predominated in CGR-311 and CGR-204, respectively. Biofilm formation was significantly reduced, with eugenol being the compound with the highest correlation with antibiofilm activity (VIP = 2.54, PLS-DA, accuracy: 0.65, R²: 0.98, Q²: 0.97). Degradation of preformed biofilms reached 71.47 % (CGR-220). Bacterial displacement was also inhibited, with CGR-311 presenting the smallest displacement area (0.35 cm²). Cellulase, endoglucanase, and protease activities were significantly reduced, with inhibitions of 75.9 % for endoglucanase (CGR-204), 59.0 % for cellulase (CGR-204), and 64.0 % for protease (CGR-107). The CGR-204 accession did not compromise cell viability, suggesting antivirulence action without bactericidal effect. These results indicate that C. grewioides EOs are promising antivirulence agents for the sustainable control of Xcc, with the potential to reduce dependence on synthetic agrochemicals.

通过可持续战略预防植物病原体造成的作物损失对粮食安全和环境保护至关重要。油菜黄单胞菌。油菜霉属（campestris, Xcc）是十字花科植物黑腐病的病原菌，在世界范围内严重危害甘蓝作物。本研究对巴豆精油进行了评价。因为它们能够抑制Xcc毒力因子，重点是生物膜形成，细菌运动和细胞外酶活性。采用加氢蒸馏法对25份金银花叶片进行精馏，并对抗菌膜活性筛选的5份金银花叶片进行气相色谱-质谱联用分析。在CGR-107、CGR-108和CGR-220中，丁香酚占82.86%、81.67%和84.92%，而在CGR-311和CGR-204中，甲基丁香酚占70.10%，甲基chavicol占69.17%。生物膜的形成明显减少，丁香酚是与抗菌膜活性相关性最高的化合物（VIP = 2.54, PLS-DA，准确度：0.65,R2: 0.98, Q2: 0.97）。预成型生物膜的降解率达到71.47% （CGR-220）。细菌位移也受到抑制，CGR-311的位移面积最小（0.35 cm2）。纤维素酶、内切葡聚糖酶和蛋白酶活性显著降低，内切葡聚糖酶（CGR-204）、纤维素酶（CGR-204）和蛋白酶（CGR-107）的抑制率分别为75.9%、59.0%和64.0%。CGR-204的加入不影响细胞活力，表明其抗毒作用没有杀菌作用。这些结果表明，绿芽草是一种很有前景的抗毒剂，可用于Xcc的可持续控制，并有可能减少对合成农药的依赖。

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引用次数: 0

Phytochemical profiling and chitosan nanoencapsulation of Betelvine (Piper betle L) leaf essential oil incorporated into hydrogel to combat multidrug-resistant β-lactamase and mecA-harbouring bacteria: In vitro and In vivo approach 甜菜叶精油在水凝胶中抗多药耐药β-内酰胺酶和meca -细菌的植物化学分析和壳聚糖纳米胶囊化：体外和体内方法

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2026.103941

Adrija Saha , N. Harshitha , Jyotibrata Mitra , Varun Shamanna , K.L. Ravikumar , Sunil S. More , Susweta Das Mitra

Biopolymer-based nanoencapsulation offers a sustainable approach to enhance the efficacy of essential oils as phytopharmaceuticals against high-risk β-lactamase and mecA-positive multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in clinical and veterinary settings. Essential oils from the leaves of two varieties of Piper betel L (Bangla and Sanchi) were extracted and phytochemically profiled to identify the more potent chemotype for biopolymer-based nanoencapsulation and topical formulation. GC-MS analysis showed that the Bangla variety (PBEO-B) contained higher eugenol (39.73 %) and exhibited stronger antibacterial activity (MIC: 0.3125–10 mg/mL) than the Sanchi variety (PBEO-S, eugenol-10.73 % and MIC up to 20 mg/mL). Mechanistic studies confirmed PBEO-B as a potent bacterial membrane disruptor, as confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and leakage of intracellular macromolecules. PBEO-B also exhibited strong antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ of PBEO-B: 42.78 μg/mL). The nanoformulation F3 (PB-CNP) (chitosan:EO = 1:2) achieved the highest encapsulation efficiency (61.5 %) and loading capacity (40.7 %). FTIR and FESEM confirmed encapsulation and spherical morphology. Drug release followed biphasic kinetics (38 % in 2 h; 93 % over 96 h), fitting the Korsmeyer–Peppas mathematical model (R² > 0.9), indicating pseudo-Fickian diffusion. Nanoencapsulation lowered effective doses by 1.25–10-fold against MDR strains. In Galleria mellonella, PB-CNPs improved survival (>60 %) compared to antibiotic (∼40 %) and untreated groups. The PB-CNP hydrogel showed favourable properties (pH 5.4, spreadability ∼205 %, swelling ∼32 %) and prominent zone of inhibition (>12 mm). In a murine MRSA-infected wound model, the hydrogel accelerated healing (∼99.6 % closure by day 21) and reduced bacterial load three-fold versus untreated. These results support chitosan-encapsulated PBEO-B as a promising phytopharmaceutical against MDR infections across sectors challenged by bacterial resistance.

基于生物聚合物的纳米胶囊为提高精油作为植物药在临床和兽医环境中对抗高风险β-内酰胺酶和meca阳性多药耐药（MDR）细菌的功效提供了一种可持续的方法。从两个品种槟榔（孟加拉和桑吉）的叶子中提取精油，并进行植物化学分析，以确定更有效的化学型，用于生物聚合物纳米胶囊化和局部配方。GC-MS分析表明，孟加拉品种（PBEO-B）的丁香酚含量较高（39.73%），抑菌活性（MIC: 0.3125 ~ 10 mg/mL）高于桑吉品种（PBEO-S，丁香酚10.73%，MIC可达20 mg/mL）。机制研究证实PBEO-B是一种有效的细菌膜破坏者，正如场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和细胞内大分子泄漏所证实的那样。PBEO-B具有较强的抗氧化活性（IC50为42.78 μg/mL）。壳聚糖：EO = 1:2的纳米配方F3 （PB-CNP）包封率最高（61.5%），载药量最高（40.7%）。FTIR和FESEM证实了包封和球形形貌。药物释放遵循双相动力学（2 h内38%，96 h内93%），符合Korsmeyer-Peppas数学模型（R2 > 0.9），表明拟菲克扩散。纳米胶囊对耐多药菌株的有效剂量降低了1.25 - 10倍。在mellonella中，与抗生素组（约40%）和未治疗组相比，PB-CNPs提高了生存率（> 60%）。PB-CNP水凝胶表现出良好的性能（pH 5.4，展布性205%，溶胀性32%）和显著的抑制区（12 mm）。在mrsa感染的小鼠伤口模型中，水凝胶加速愈合（21天愈合约99.6%），与未治疗相比，细菌负荷减少了三倍。这些结果支持壳聚糖包封的PBEO-B作为一种有前途的植物药，可以跨部门对抗耐多药感染。

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引用次数: 0

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles by fungal endophytes of the genus Fusarium isolated from Salvia persepolitana, one of the endemic medicinal plants of Iran 伊朗特有药用植物鼠尾草镰刀菌内生真菌绿色合成纳米银

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2026.103953

Reza Mostafazade , Vahid Soheili , Javad Asili , Zahra Tazik , Leila Arabi , Bibi Sedigheh Fazly Bazzaz

Endophytic fungi are plant symbionts that are recognized as a good source of natural products. Moreover, their use in green synthesis doubles their importance. In this study, silver nanoparticles were extracellularly synthesized by Fusarium endophytes associated with Salvia persepolitana, an endemic medicinal plant of Iran, through the reaction of fungal cell filtrate with silver nitrate under dark conditions. After screening, it was determined that Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium avenaceum, and Fusarium falciforme could biosynthesize silver nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were investigated in terms of shape, size, and other characteristics using UV–visible spectrophotometry, DLS, FESEM, and FTIR. The formation was confirmed by the presence of an absorption peak in the range of 400–450 nm using UV–visible spectrophotometry. DLS measurements showed single peak sizes of 52.42 nm, 52.82 nm, and 54.28 nm mediated by F. avenaceum, F. oxysporum, and F. falciforme, respectively. PDI less than 0.3 and a suitable zeta potential indicated monodispersity and stability of the particles. FESEM showed that most of particles were spherical and non-aggregated, with a size of 50–70 nm. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of natural compounds in the synthesis and capping processes. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles using agar well diffusion assay showed that they had notable dose-dependent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (inhibition zone approximately 16.5–21.5 mm) and Escherichia coli (inhibition zone approximately 16–21 mm). In addition, they had good chemical and physical stability. In conclusion, silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Fusarium symbiotic with Salvia persepolitana via green synthesis represent a suitable alternative to synthetic methods.

内生真菌是植物共生体，被认为是天然产物的良好来源。此外，它们在绿色合成中的应用使其重要性加倍。本研究利用伊朗特有药用植物丹参（Salvia persepolitana）内生镰刀菌在黑暗条件下，通过真菌细胞滤液与硝酸银的反应，在细胞外合成了纳米银。经筛选，确定尖孢镰刀菌、avenaceum镰刀菌和镰状镰刀菌可以生物合成纳米银。利用紫外可见分光光度法、DLS、FESEM和FTIR对这些纳米颗粒的形状、大小和其他特性进行了研究。利用紫外可见分光光度法在400-450 nm范围内发现了一个吸收峰，证实了该物质的形成。DLS检测结果显示，avavaceum、f.s oxysporum和f.s falciforme介导的单峰尺寸分别为52.42、52.82和54.28 nm。PDI小于0.3，zeta电位合适，表明颗粒具有单分散性和稳定性。FESEM分析结果表明，大部分颗粒呈球形，无团聚，粒径在50 ~ 70 nm之间。FTIR分析证实了天然化合物在合成和封盖过程中的存在。利用琼脂孔扩散法对纳米颗粒的抑菌活性进行了评价，结果表明纳米颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌（抑菌区约16.5 ~ 21.5 mm）和大肠杆菌（抑菌区约16 ~ 21 mm）具有明显的剂量依赖性。此外，它们具有良好的化学和物理稳定性。综上所述，以镰刀菌与鼠尾草共生为原料，采用绿色合成方法合成纳米银是一种较好的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0

Production of Trichoderma asperellum in a packed-bed reactor with antagonist activity against Fusarium 具有镰孢菌拮抗活性的填充床反应器生产曲霉木霉

IF 3.8 Q2 BIOTECHNOLOGY & APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY

Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103916

Karina Romero-Hernandez, Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez, Mario Rodríguez-Monroy

The fungus Trichoderma asperellum is a biological control agent against phytopathogenic fungi; however, the impact of substrate moisture on its metabolic and antagonistic responses during solid-state fermentation has been little studied, and it was the aim of this research. In addition, the antifungal performance of conidia produced in packed-bed reactors was compared with that of conidia produced in polypropylene bag cultures. Wheat and rice were used as substrates in both systems, and conidial yields were similar in magnitude (1.62 × 10⁸–2.06 × 10⁸ conidia g⁻¹). Still, with wheat, the mycelial growth and conidiation were more uniform, and the protein content and activity of amylases and cellulases were higher than in rice. In the packed-bed reactor with wheat, the highest conidial yield (4.56 × 10⁸ conidia g⁻¹) was obtained at 53 % substrate moisture, while protein content and enzyme activity were negatively affected by increased moisture. Conidia viability (97 %) and germination (91 %) were not affected by moisture content. The T. asperellum conidia produced in the packed-bed reactor inhibited Fusarium spp. mycelial growth by 72–85 %, while those conidia from bag systems inhibited the mycelial growth by 51–78 %. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma conidia produced in two different configurations. Besides, the results demonstrate a relationship between moisture availability and protein metabolism and enzymatic activity in T. asperellum, under solid-state fermentation. The packed-bed reactor using wheat at 53 % moisture content is a potential alternative for producing T. asperellum conidia.

曲霉木霉是植物病原真菌的生物防治剂；然而，在固体发酵过程中，基质水分对其代谢和拮抗反应的影响研究很少，这是本研究的目的。此外，还比较了填充床反应器产生的分生孢子与聚丙烯袋培养产生的分生孢子的抑菌性能。两个体系均以小麦和水稻为底物，分生孢子产量相近（1.62 × 108 ~ 2.06 × 108孢子g−1）。小麦的菌丝生长和分生更为均匀，淀粉酶和纤维素酶的蛋白质含量和活性均高于水稻。在小麦填充床反应器中，当底物含水量为53%时，分生孢子产量最高，为4.56 × 108个g−1，而增加水分对蛋白质含量和酶活性有负面影响。分生孢子存活率（97%）和萌发率（91%）不受水分含量的影响。填充床反应器中产生的曲霉分生孢子对镰刀菌菌丝生长的抑制作用为72 ~ 85%，而袋式反应器中产生的分生孢子对镰刀菌菌丝生长的抑制作用为51 ~ 78%。据我们所知，这是第一个比较两种不同形态的分生木霉拮抗活性的研究。此外，研究结果还表明，在固态发酵条件下，曲霉水分有效性与蛋白质代谢和酶活性之间存在一定的关系。以含水量为53%的小麦为原料的填料床反应器是生产分生曲霉的一种潜在的替代方法。

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引用次数: 0