Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.), a vital vegetable crop, holds immense economic and nutritional significance. The present study aims to investigate the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the growth, yield, and resistance to biotic stress in okra. The experimental methodology included six treatments: seeds soaked in deionized water (control) and seeds soaked in 100 ppm MWCNTs for varying durations (6–30 h). The study assessed pod yield, disease incidence (PDI), and incremental cost-benefit ratio (ICBR) under field conditions during Zaid 2022 and Zaid 2023. Results revealed that MWCNTs-treated seeds significantly enhanced pod yield, with T5 (24-h soaking in 100 ppm MWCNTs) showing maximum improvements in yield per hectare and reduction in PDI by 42 % compared to control. The correlation between MWCNTs treatments and ICBR demonstrated the economic viability of adopting nanotechnology in okra cultivation. The study concludes that the use of MWCNTs not only augments productivity but also provides an eco-friendly approach to mitigating disease impact. Future research should focus on long-term field trials and the molecular mechanisms underlying MWCNTs-induced growth stimulation and disease resistance in okra and similar crops.
{"title":"Management of root rot in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) induced by Rhizoctonia solani: Exploring the role of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in disease mitigation and growth promotion","authors":"Ranjana Meena , Abhishek Dadhich , R.P. Ghasolia , Shailesh Godika , Kewal Chand , Raja Ram Bunker , Pinki Devi Yadav , Suman Chopra , Rohit Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Okra (<em>Abelmoschus esculentus</em> L.), a vital vegetable crop, holds immense economic and nutritional significance. The present study aims to investigate the influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the growth, yield, and resistance to biotic stress in okra. The experimental methodology included six treatments: seeds soaked in deionized water (control) and seeds soaked in 100 ppm MWCNTs for varying durations (6–30 h). The study assessed pod yield, disease incidence (PDI), and incremental cost-benefit ratio (ICBR) under field conditions during Zaid 2022 and Zaid 2023. Results revealed that MWCNTs-treated seeds significantly enhanced pod yield, with T5 (24-h soaking in 100 ppm MWCNTs) showing maximum improvements in yield per hectare and reduction in PDI by 42 % compared to control. The correlation between MWCNTs treatments and ICBR demonstrated the economic viability of adopting nanotechnology in okra cultivation. The study concludes that the use of MWCNTs not only augments productivity but also provides an eco-friendly approach to mitigating disease impact. Future research should focus on long-term field trials and the molecular mechanisms underlying MWCNTs-induced growth stimulation and disease resistance in okra and similar crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phytophthora palmivora is a key pathogen causing root and stem rot in durian. To reduce reliance on synthetic fungicides, antagonistic bacteria with antimicrobial properties have been explored as potential biocontrol agents. This study aimed to identify defensive gene clusters in a soil-isolated antagonistic bacterium that inhibits Ph. palmivora growth in vitro, using whole-genome sequencing. Among 159 bacterial isolates tested, PTKU-123 exhibited the highest antagonistic activity in dual-culture and agar well diffusion assays, with inhibition percentages of 80 % and 78 %, respectively. Based on this strong activity, PTKU-123 was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms. The assembled genome, identified as Priestia aryabhattai, consisted of a 5.15 Mbp circular chromosome with 38.2 % G + C content and 5086 coding sequences. Genome annotation revealed defensive pathways, including glycoside hydrolase-related genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, which degrade microbial cell walls to inhibit pathogen growth. Gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis—such as carotenoids, paeninodin, and surfactin—were also associated with anti-oomycete activity. Notably, genome mining linked biosynthetic gene clusters to the anti-oomycete activity of P. aryabhattai, not previously reported in the Ph. palmivora–durian pathosystem. Crude extracts from P. aryabhattai PTKU-123 at 2 mg/mL inhibited Ph. palmivora growth by 82 % in agar well diffusion assays. The inhibitory effect remained stable at 4 °C and 28 °C for 14 days but declined significantly at 65 °C. Although promising, these results are limited to in vitro conditions. Further in planta or field studies are needed to validate the biocontrol potential of P. aryabhattai PTKU-123 for sustainable durian cultivation.
{"title":"Genome-based analysis and anti-oomycete activity of Priestia aryabhattai PTKU-123 against the durian pathogen Phytophthora palmivora","authors":"Punyaphat Bunroengsak , Naphatsara Uppala , Pongsakorn Kruaweangmol , Kitiya Ekchaweng , Yodying Yingchutrakul , Chutikarn Butkinaree , Sumallika Morakul , Komwit Surachat , Alongkorn Amnuaykanjanasin , Paiboon Tunsagool","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Phytophthora palmivora</em> is a key pathogen causing root and stem rot in durian. To reduce reliance on synthetic fungicides, antagonistic bacteria with antimicrobial properties have been explored as potential biocontrol agents. This study aimed to identify defensive gene clusters in a soil-isolated antagonistic bacterium that inhibits <em>Ph. palmivora</em> growth <em>in vitro</em>, using whole-genome sequencing. Among 159 bacterial isolates tested, PTKU-123 exhibited the highest antagonistic activity in dual-culture and agar well diffusion assays, with inhibition percentages of 80 % and 78 %, respectively. Based on this strong activity, PTKU-123 was sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq and Oxford Nanopore MinION platforms. The assembled genome, identified as <em>Priestia aryabhattai</em>, consisted of a 5.15 Mbp circular chromosome with 38.2 % G + C content and 5086 coding sequences. Genome annotation revealed defensive pathways, including glycoside hydrolase-related genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, which degrade microbial cell walls to inhibit pathogen growth. Gene clusters for secondary metabolite biosynthesis—such as carotenoids, paeninodin, and surfactin—were also associated with anti-oomycete activity. Notably, genome mining linked biosynthetic gene clusters to the anti-oomycete activity of <em>P. aryabhattai</em>, not previously reported in the <em>Ph. palmivora</em>–durian pathosystem. Crude extracts from <em>P. aryabhattai</em> PTKU-123 at 2 mg/mL inhibited <em>Ph. palmivora</em> growth by 82 % in agar well diffusion assays. The inhibitory effect remained stable at 4 °C and 28 °C for 14 days but declined significantly at 65 °C. Although promising, these results are limited to <em>in vitro</em> conditions. Further <em>in planta</em> or field studies are needed to validate the biocontrol potential of <em>P. aryabhattai</em> PTKU-123 for sustainable durian cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103912"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The seeds of the black gram tend to be very vulnerable to infestation by pulse beetles during storage, and this causes massive losses mainly on the quality and economic value. Existing approach methods like the use of neem oil or castor oil treatment have practical restrictions, whereas neem oil treated pulses seeds can become rancid when kept long term storage, chemically engineered fumigants have environmental and human health concerns. This current study proposes a new approach wherein the neem oil transforms into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME-neem oil) to enhance the emission of the volatile organic compounds into fumigation applications. The VOC profile of FAME-neem oil and raw neem oil were examined through Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy analysis. Further the bioassays confirmed fumigant and contact toxicity potential of the FAME-neem oil against pulse beetle. In the fumigation and followed by seed storage experiment, seeds fumigated with FAME-neem oil at 15 mL/kg seeds was the most effective method of retaining the quality of the seeds during storage. Black gram seed storage up to four months indicated that 0 % damage was observed on the seeds fumigated with FAME-neem oil as contradict to 7 % and 25 % damage on raw neem oil and untreated controls respectively. FAME-neem oil was able to mobilize a wider array and increase concentrations of VOCs, which allowed entry into insect tissues and the speed of insect mortality. Although this study did not assess the chemical stability of FAME-neem oil, the enhanced VOC release contributed to improved pest management performance. The results suggest that FAME-neem oil forms an efficient, ecofriendly substitution to conventional chemical fumigants and is a viable solution towards the long run preservation of black gram both for sowing and consumption purpose.
{"title":"Neem oil derived volatiles: A natural strategy to protect black gram (Vigna mungo (L.) hepper) seeds from pulse beetle infestation during storage","authors":"Eevera Tamilmani , Kathalingam Adaikalam , Preetha Gnanadhas , Sharmila Durairaj , Anandhan Jaganathavarma , Geetha Paulchamy Subramanian , Ramesh Rajangam , Parthipan Thangavel","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seeds of the black gram tend to be very vulnerable to infestation by pulse beetles during storage, and this causes massive losses mainly on the quality and economic value. Existing approach methods like the use of neem oil or castor oil treatment have practical restrictions, whereas neem oil treated pulses seeds can become rancid when kept long term storage, chemically engineered fumigants have environmental and human health concerns. This current study proposes a new approach wherein the neem oil transforms into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME-neem oil) to enhance the emission of the volatile organic compounds into fumigation applications. The VOC profile of FAME-neem oil and raw neem oil were examined through Gas Chromatography Mass spectroscopy analysis. Further the bioassays confirmed fumigant and contact toxicity potential of the FAME-neem oil against pulse beetle. In the fumigation and followed by seed storage experiment, seeds fumigated with FAME-neem oil at 15 mL/kg seeds was the most effective method of retaining the quality of the seeds during storage. Black gram seed storage up to four months indicated that 0 % damage was observed on the seeds fumigated with FAME-neem oil as contradict to 7 % and 25 % damage on raw neem oil and untreated controls respectively. FAME-neem oil was able to mobilize a wider array and increase concentrations of VOCs, which allowed entry into insect tissues and the speed of insect mortality. Although this study did not assess the chemical stability of FAME-neem oil, the enhanced VOC release contributed to improved pest management performance. The results suggest that FAME-neem oil forms an efficient, ecofriendly substitution to conventional chemical fumigants and is a viable solution towards the long run preservation of black gram both for sowing and consumption purpose.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing challenges of antibiotic resistance and cancer highlight the need for new bioactive compounds from unexplored ecological niches. This study investigates the gut microbiome of the earthworm Eisenia fetida as a source of fungal metabolites with potential therapeutic value. Four fungal species were isolated from the earthworm gut, and their extracts were screened for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. A key bioactive molecule, comenic acid (HE-1), was isolated from Mycothermus thermophilus extract (HF-3) and demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells (IC50 9.92 μg/mL). In addition, a triglyceride-based compound (DC-2) was isolated from the same fungal extract; however, its functional roles and bioactivities remain to be explored. These findings support E. fetida as a promising source of bioactive fungal metabolites and emphasize the potential of earthworm-associated microbiomes in natural product discovery. Further investigations are required to characterize additional metabolites and evaluate their biological and ecological relevance.
{"title":"Bioactive potential metabolites from gut associated fungal endofauna of Eisenia fetida","authors":"Mohd Hassan , Shamsun Nisa , Manoj Kushwaha , Suruchi Gupta , Sundeep Jaglan , Sanket K. Shukla , Ravail Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing challenges of antibiotic resistance and cancer highlight the need for new bioactive compounds from unexplored ecological niches. This study investigates the gut microbiome of the earthworm <em>Eisenia fetida</em> as a source of fungal metabolites with potential therapeutic value. Four fungal species were isolated from the earthworm gut, and their extracts were screened for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. A key bioactive molecule, comenic acid (HE-1), was isolated from <em>Mycothermus thermophilus</em> extract (HF-3) and demonstrated moderate cytotoxicity against prostate cancer cells (IC<sub>50</sub> 9.92 μg/mL). In addition, a triglyceride-based compound (DC-2) was isolated from the same fungal extract; however, its functional roles and bioactivities remain to be explored. These findings support <em>E</em>. fet<em>ida</em> as a promising source of bioactive fungal metabolites and emphasize the potential of earthworm-associated microbiomes in natural product discovery. Further investigations are required to characterize additional metabolites and evaluate their biological and ecological relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103898"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145881553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103913
Caroline Alves Soares , Itamara Bomfim Gois , Luís Fernando de Andrade Nascimento , Larissa Sousa Gois , Jessica Silva Santos , Arie Fitzgerald Blank , Paulo Roberto Gagliardi , Roberta Pereira Miranda Fernandes
Preventing crop losses caused by plant pathogens through sustainable strategies is crucial for food security and environmental protection. Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc), the causal agent of black rot in crucifers, severely affects Brassica oleracea L. crops worldwide. This study evaluated essential oils (EOs) from Croton grewioides Baill. for their ability to inhibit Xcc virulence factors, focusing on biofilm formation, bacterial motility, and extracellular enzyme activity. Leaves of 25 C. grewioides accessions were subjected to hydrodistillation and the EOs of 5 accessions, selected from antibiofilm activity screening, were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Eugenol was identified as the major compound in accessions CGR-107 (82.86 %), CGR-108 (81.67 %) and CGR-220 (84.92 %), while methyl eugenol (70.10 %) and methyl chavicol (69.17 %) predominated in CGR-311 and CGR-204, respectively. Biofilm formation was significantly reduced, with eugenol being the compound with the highest correlation with antibiofilm activity (VIP = 2.54, PLS-DA, accuracy: 0.65, R2: 0.98, Q2: 0.97). Degradation of preformed biofilms reached 71.47 % (CGR-220). Bacterial displacement was also inhibited, with CGR-311 presenting the smallest displacement area (0.35 cm2). Cellulase, endoglucanase, and protease activities were significantly reduced, with inhibitions of 75.9 % for endoglucanase (CGR-204), 59.0 % for cellulase (CGR-204), and 64.0 % for protease (CGR-107). The CGR-204 accession did not compromise cell viability, suggesting antivirulence action without bactericidal effect. These results indicate that C. grewioides EOs are promising antivirulence agents for the sustainable control of Xcc, with the potential to reduce dependence on synthetic agrochemicals.
{"title":"Croton grewioides Baill essential oil reduces biofilm formation and the virulence of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris","authors":"Caroline Alves Soares , Itamara Bomfim Gois , Luís Fernando de Andrade Nascimento , Larissa Sousa Gois , Jessica Silva Santos , Arie Fitzgerald Blank , Paulo Roberto Gagliardi , Roberta Pereira Miranda Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preventing crop losses caused by plant pathogens through sustainable strategies is crucial for food security and environmental protection. <em>Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris</em> (<em>Xcc</em>), the causal agent of black rot in crucifers, severely affects <em>Brassica oleracea</em> L. crops worldwide. This study evaluated essential oils (EOs) from <em>Croton grewioides</em> Baill. for their ability to inhibit <em>Xcc</em> virulence factors, focusing on biofilm formation, bacterial motility, and extracellular enzyme activity. Leaves of 25 <em>C. grewioides</em> accessions were subjected to hydrodistillation and the EOs of 5 accessions, selected from antibiofilm activity screening, were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Eugenol was identified as the major compound in accessions CGR-107 (82.86 %), CGR-108 (81.67 %) and CGR-220 (84.92 %), while methyl eugenol (70.10 %) and methyl chavicol (69.17 %) predominated in CGR-311 and CGR-204, respectively. Biofilm formation was significantly reduced, with eugenol being the compound with the highest correlation with antibiofilm activity (VIP = 2.54, PLS-DA, accuracy: 0.65, R<sup>2</sup>: 0.98, Q<sup>2</sup>: 0.97). Degradation of preformed biofilms reached 71.47 % (CGR-220). Bacterial displacement was also inhibited, with CGR-311 presenting the smallest displacement area (0.35 cm<sup>2</sup>). Cellulase, endoglucanase, and protease activities were significantly reduced, with inhibitions of 75.9 % for endoglucanase (CGR-204), 59.0 % for cellulase (CGR-204), and 64.0 % for protease (CGR-107). The CGR-204 accession did not compromise cell viability, suggesting antivirulence action without bactericidal effect. These results indicate that <em>C. grewioides</em> EOs are promising antivirulence agents for the sustainable control of <em>Xcc</em>, with the potential to reduce dependence on synthetic agrochemicals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 103913"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maize (Zea mays) is crucial not only for food and medicine but also for its industrial applications and use as animal feed. Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a crucial enzyme in maize, responsible for the assimilation and re-assimilation of ammonia through the formation of glutamine from ammonia and glutamate, accompanied by ATP hydrolysis. Weed infestation significantly reduces maize yields, and while herbicides are used to control weeds, they often interfere with maize's metabolic pathways, thereby affecting crop production. Phosphinothricin Phosphate (P3P), a commonly used broad-spectrum herbicide, inhibits GS in maize, causing ammonia accumulation, decreased glutamine levels, and eventually plant death. This study aims to identify an herbicide that can control weed growth without disrupting the activity of GS in maize, utilizing virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation approaches. The research findings suggest that Bispyribac (PubChem CID: 443031) effectively controls the weed Setaria viridis without interfering with maize's metabolic pathways. Furthermore, site-directed mutations at the active site of GS, specifically R316C and R332C, were found to alter the structural and functional properties of the enzyme, conferring resistance to both Phosphinothricin Phosphate and Bispyribac. This study indicates that Bispyribac is a promising herbicide for weed control in maize fields, and targeted mutations in GS could enhance herbicide resistance in maize, improving crop productivity and sustainability. This study has important implications for agricultural practices, particularly in improving the efficiency and sustainability of maize production.
{"title":"Targeted mutagenesis in glutamine synthetase for improved herbicide resistance and nitrogen utilization in maize","authors":"Sneha Murmu , Mayank Rashmi , Santosh Kumar Behera , Sunil Kumar , Girish Kumar Jha , Jyoti Kumari , Gyan Prakash Mishra , P.V. Vara Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) is crucial not only for food and medicine but also for its industrial applications and use as animal feed. Glutamine synthetase (GS) is a crucial enzyme in maize, responsible for the assimilation and re-assimilation of ammonia through the formation of glutamine from ammonia and glutamate, accompanied by ATP hydrolysis. Weed infestation significantly reduces maize yields, and while herbicides are used to control weeds, they often interfere with maize's metabolic pathways, thereby affecting crop production. Phosphinothricin Phosphate (P3P), a commonly used broad-spectrum herbicide, inhibits GS in maize, causing ammonia accumulation, decreased glutamine levels, and eventually plant death. This study aims to identify an herbicide that can control weed growth without disrupting the activity of GS in maize, utilizing virtual screening and molecular dynamic simulation approaches. The research findings suggest that Bispyribac (PubChem CID: 443031) effectively controls the weed <em>Setaria viridis</em> without interfering with maize's metabolic pathways. Furthermore, site-directed mutations at the active site of GS, specifically R316C and R332C, were found to alter the structural and functional properties of the enzyme, conferring resistance to both Phosphinothricin Phosphate and Bispyribac. This study indicates that Bispyribac is a promising herbicide for weed control in maize fields, and targeted mutations in GS could enhance herbicide resistance in maize, improving crop productivity and sustainability. This study has important implications for agricultural practices, particularly in improving the efficiency and sustainability of maize production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 103914"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103917
Kun Lin , Chao Liu , Yang Liu , Qianqian Xu , Xiaoyu Cao , Yijun Yin , Hai Yan
Carotenoids, classified as tetraterpenoids, have extensive applications in food, medicine and cosmetics. This study elucidated complete carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in Sphingomonas morindae sp. NBD5 through metabolomics. Metabolomic profiling identified 7 carotenes and 8 xanthophylls synthesized by NBD5. Among these, the 4 most abundant carotenoids are β-carotene, phytoene, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. In addition, the growth conditions of S. morindae sp. NBD5 were optimized. In the optimal fermentation culture in a 100 L fermentor, the maximum biomass of NBD5 was OD680 20.5 with feeding the mixture of glucose and yeast extracts and carotenoid content in the culture solution of NBD5 was 214.8 mg/L. Overall, this study is of great significance for understanding the biosynthesis of carotenoids in S. morindae sp. NBD5 and the application in high-value production of carotenoids.
{"title":"Metabolomic analysis of carotenoids biosynthesis by Sphingomonas morindae sp. NBD5","authors":"Kun Lin , Chao Liu , Yang Liu , Qianqian Xu , Xiaoyu Cao , Yijun Yin , Hai Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carotenoids, classified as tetraterpenoids, have extensive applications in food, medicine and cosmetics. This study elucidated complete carotenoid biosynthesis pathway and methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway in <em>Sphingomonas morindae</em> sp. NBD5 through metabolomics. Metabolomic profiling identified 7 carotenes and 8 xanthophylls synthesized by NBD5. Among these, the 4 most abundant carotenoids are β-carotene, phytoene, β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin. In addition, the growth conditions of <em>S</em>. <em>morindae</em> sp. NBD5 were optimized. In the optimal fermentation culture in a 100 L fermentor, the maximum biomass of NBD5 was OD<sub>680</sub> 20.5 with feeding the mixture of glucose and yeast extracts and carotenoid content in the culture solution of NBD5 was 214.8 mg/L. Overall, this study is of great significance for understanding the biosynthesis of carotenoids in <em>S</em>. <em>morindae</em> sp. NBD5 and the application in high-value production of carotenoids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"72 ","pages":"Article 103917"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103908
Gad Elsayed Mohamed Salem , Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy , Zahraa Zakarya Abd El-Hafez Mohammad , Shaymaa A. Mohamed , Neetu Talreja , Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn , Mohammad Ashfaq
The emergence of bacterial resistance has been incessantly increasing and is one of the most pressing global health threats today. Bacterial resistance is a “silent pandemic” that requires immediate, effective intervention rather than deferral to a future scenario. Therefore, the sustainable development of NPs might address issues associated with conventional synthesis while maintaining high biocompatibility. In this regard, the present study focuses on the synthesis of Ag-NPs from waste of Tamarindus indica fruit (WD-TIF-Ag) via a microwave process. The WD-TIF simultaneously acted as a reducing and encapsulating agent, thereby significantly improving the effectiveness of the WD-TIF-Ag composite due to its polyphenol content. The as-prepared WD-TIF-Ag composite was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The data confirms the successful synthesis of spherical Ag-NPs with a primary crystallite size of ∼12.5 nm and composite clusters in the 40–60 nm range. The as-prepared WD-TIF-Ag composite has effective antibacterial activity against both gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli)) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)) bacterial strains. The MIC value (10 μg/mL) and MBC value (40 μg/mL) of the WD-TIF-Ag composite were observed against S. aureus. Therefore, the as-prepared WD-TIF-Ag developed in this study is a facile, cost-effective, and sustainable approach to the development of antibiotics.
{"title":"Synthesis of waste-derived Tamarindus indica fruit (WD-TIF)-based polyphenol-encapsulated Ag-NPs: A next-generation sustainable antibiotic material","authors":"Gad Elsayed Mohamed Salem , Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy , Zahraa Zakarya Abd El-Hafez Mohammad , Shaymaa A. Mohamed , Neetu Talreja , Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn , Mohammad Ashfaq","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of bacterial resistance has been incessantly increasing and is one of the most pressing global health threats today. Bacterial resistance is a “silent pandemic” that requires immediate, effective intervention rather than deferral to a future scenario. Therefore, the sustainable development of NPs might address issues associated with conventional synthesis while maintaining high biocompatibility. In this regard, the present study focuses on the synthesis of Ag-NPs from waste of <em>Tamarindus indica</em> fruit (WD-TIF-Ag) via a microwave process. The WD-TIF simultaneously acted as a reducing and encapsulating agent, thereby significantly improving the effectiveness of the WD-TIF-Ag composite due to its polyphenol content. The as-prepared WD-TIF-Ag composite was characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The data confirms the successful synthesis of spherical Ag-NPs with a primary crystallite size of ∼12.5 nm and composite clusters in the 40–60 nm range. The as-prepared WD-TIF-Ag composite has effective antibacterial activity against both gram-negative (<em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>)) and gram-positive (<em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</em>) bacterial strains. The MIC value (10 μg/mL) and MBC value (40 μg/mL) of the WD-TIF-Ag composite were observed against <em>S. aureus</em>. Therefore, the as-prepared WD-TIF-Ag developed in this study is a facile, cost-effective, and sustainable approach to the development of antibiotics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103908"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103909
Camila Pereira de Lima Chicuta , Andréa Carla de Almeida Barros , Marta Angelo dos Santos , Ruth Rufino do Nascimento , Josiel Santos do Nascimento , Luciano Aparecido Meireles Grillo , Jeinny Christine Gomes Barros , Orlando Francisco da Silva Moura , Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas , Francis Soares Gomes
The Annona fruit borer, Cerconota anonella (Sepp., 1830) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), is a major pest of pine and soursop fruits, and its control commonly relies on synthetic pesticides that pose risks to non-target organisms. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the aqueous seed extract of Crotalaria stipularia and evaluate its insecticidal activity against adult C. anonella. The crude extract was prepared in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), quantified for protein content by the Bradford method, and tested for hemagglutinating activity to confirm the presence of lectins. The phytochemical profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Bioassays were conducted using artificial diets containing 30, 45, or 90 μg of extract protein per mL to assess mortality, feeding deterrence, nutritional parameters, and biochemical changes in the insects. HPLC analysis identified chlorogenic acid (2.8642 mg/kg) and syringaldehyde (0.2763 mg/kg) in the extract. The highest concentration (90 μg protein/mL) caused 50 % mortality after three days and significantly reduced relative growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and the levels of proteins, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the insects. These findings indicate that C. stipularia seed extract disrupts insect metabolism and exhibits promising potential as an eco-friendly alternative for the management of C. anonella.
{"title":"Toxicity of aqueous extract of Crotalaria stipularia (Desv., 1814) against the Annona fruit borer Cerconota anonella (Sepp, 1830) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae)","authors":"Camila Pereira de Lima Chicuta , Andréa Carla de Almeida Barros , Marta Angelo dos Santos , Ruth Rufino do Nascimento , Josiel Santos do Nascimento , Luciano Aparecido Meireles Grillo , Jeinny Christine Gomes Barros , Orlando Francisco da Silva Moura , Johnnatan Duarte de Freitas , Francis Soares Gomes","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>Annona</em> fruit borer, <em>Cerconota anonella</em> (Sepp., 1830) (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae), is a major pest of pine and soursop fruits, and its control commonly relies on synthetic pesticides that pose risks to non-target organisms. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the aqueous seed extract of <em>Crotalaria stipularia</em> and evaluate its insecticidal activity against adult <em>C. anonella</em>. The crude extract was prepared in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), quantified for protein content by the Bradford method, and tested for hemagglutinating activity to confirm the presence of lectins. The phytochemical profile was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Bioassays were conducted using artificial diets containing 30, 45, or 90 μg of extract protein per mL to assess mortality, feeding deterrence, nutritional parameters, and biochemical changes in the insects. HPLC analysis identified chlorogenic acid (2.8642 mg/kg) and syringaldehyde (0.2763 mg/kg) in the extract. The highest concentration (90 μg protein/mL) caused 50 % mortality after three days and significantly reduced relative growth rate, food conversion efficiency, and the levels of proteins, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the insects. These findings indicate that <em>C. stipularia</em> seed extract disrupts insect metabolism and exhibits promising potential as an eco-friendly alternative for the management of <em>C. anonella</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aimed to produce oligosaccharides from the green seaweed Ulva rigida using individual and combined enzymatic treatments with cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase.
Two types of samples were prepared: (1) ulvan polysaccharides (UPS) extracted, and (2) ulva powder (UPo) extracted. The oligosaccharides were analyzed for total sugars, reducing sugars, and monosaccharide composition. Their prebiotic potential was evaluated by assessing the growth of probiotics and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, as well as their stability under gastrointestinal conditions. The cellulase-extracted UPS yielded the highest oligosaccharide concentration at 22.24 ± 0.022 mg/mL (p < 0.05). A combination of cellulase and xylanase extracted from UPo reached 17.83 ± 0.006 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The UPS-extracted significantly enhanced the growth of Lacticaseibacillus casei TISTR 1463 b y up to 496.97 ± 0.013 %, while UPo-extracted showed strong inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (43.74 ± 0.025 %). The oligosaccharides also promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria and improved their survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. L. casei supplemented with UPS showed survival rates of 141.38 ± 0.009 % in α-amylase and 146.51 ± 0.014 % in acidic conditions, though lower survival was observed in bile salt environments. In summary, oligosaccharides sourced from UPS-extracted and UPo-extracted have significant prebiotic properties by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota and inhibiting pathogens, and their incorporation into diets or functional foods may confer substantial health advantages.
{"title":"Enzyme-assisted production of prebiotic sugars from Ulva rigida: A sustainable approach","authors":"Sudathip Chantorn , Weerada Krangkratok , Orawan La-ongkham , Jantana Praiboon","doi":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bcab.2025.103910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to produce oligosaccharides from the green seaweed <em>Ulva rigida</em> using individual and combined enzymatic treatments with cellulase, xylanase, and pectinase.</div><div>Two types of samples were prepared: (1) ulvan polysaccharides (UPS) extracted, and (2) ulva powder (UPo) extracted. The oligosaccharides were analyzed for total sugars, reducing sugars, and monosaccharide composition. Their prebiotic potential was evaluated by assessing the growth of probiotics and inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, as well as their stability under gastrointestinal conditions. The cellulase-extracted UPS yielded the highest oligosaccharide concentration at 22.24 ± 0.022 mg/mL (p < 0.05). A combination of cellulase and xylanase extracted from UPo reached 17.83 ± 0.006 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The UPS-extracted significantly enhanced the growth of <em>Lacticaseibacillus casei</em> TISTR 1463 b y up to 496.97 ± 0.013 %, while UPo-extracted showed strong inhibitory activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em> ATCC 25922 (43.74 ± 0.025 %). The oligosaccharides also promoted the growth of lactic acid bacteria and improved their survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. <em>L. casei</em> supplemented with UPS showed survival rates of 141.38 ± 0.009 % in α-amylase and 146.51 ± 0.014 % in acidic conditions, though lower survival was observed in bile salt environments. In summary, oligosaccharides sourced from UPS-extracted and UPo-extracted have significant prebiotic properties by enhancing beneficial gut microbiota and inhibiting pathogens, and their incorporation into diets or functional foods may confer substantial health advantages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8774,"journal":{"name":"Biocatalysis and agricultural biotechnology","volume":"71 ","pages":"Article 103910"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145838013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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