Pub Date : 2024-09-11eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.94
Anup Shrivastava, Shivani Saini, Dolly Kumari, Sanjai Singh, Jost Adam
Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, the unique properties of two-dimensional materials have sparked intense research interest regarding their use as alternative materials in various photonic applications. Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers have been proposed as transport layers in photovoltaic cells, but the promising characteristics of group IV-VI dichalcogenides are yet to be thoroughly investigated. This manuscript reports on monolayer Ge2Se2 (a group IV-VI dichalcogenide), its optoelectronic behavior, and its potential application in photovoltaics. When employed as a hole transport layer, the material fosters an astonishing device performance. We use ab initio modeling for the material prediction, while classical drift-diffusion drives the device simulations. Hybrid functionals calculate electronic and optical properties to maintain high accuracy. The structural stability has been verified using phonon spectra. The E-k dispersion reveals the investigated material's key electronic properties. The calculations reveal a direct bandgap of 1.12 eV for monolayer Ge2Se2. We further extract critical optical parameters using the Kubo-Greenwood formalism and Kramers-Kronig relations. A significantly large absorption coefficient and a high dielectric constant inspired the design of a monolayer Ge2Se2-based solar cell, exhibiting a high open circuit voltage of Voc = 1.11 V, a fill factor of 87.66%, and more than 28% power conversion efficiency at room temperature. Our findings advocate monolayer Ge2Se2 for various optoelectronic devices, including next-generation solar cells. The hybrid quantum-to-macroscopic methodology presented here applies to broader classes of 2D and 3D materials and structures, showing a path to the computational design of future photovoltaic materials.
自 2004 年发现石墨烯以来,二维材料的独特特性引发了人们对其在各种光子应用中用作替代材料的浓厚研究兴趣。过渡金属二掺杂化合物单层已被提议用作光伏电池的传输层,但 IV-VI 族二掺杂化合物的良好特性仍有待深入研究。本手稿报告了单层 Ge2Se2(一种 IV-VI 族二卤化物)、其光电行为及其在光伏领域的潜在应用。当作为空穴传输层使用时,这种材料能产生惊人的器件性能。我们使用 ab initio 建模进行材料预测,同时使用经典漂移扩散驱动器件模拟。混合函数计算电子和光学特性,以保持高精度。声子光谱验证了结构的稳定性。E-k 色散揭示了所研究材料的关键电子特性。计算显示单层 Ge2Se2 的直接带隙为 1.12 eV。我们利用 Kubo-Greenwood 公式和 Kramers-Kronig 关系进一步提取了临界光学参数。明显较大的吸收系数和较高的介电常数激发了单层 Ge2Se2 太阳能电池的设计灵感,该电池在室温下具有 V oc = 1.11 V 的高开路电压、87.66% 的填充因子和超过 28% 的功率转换效率。我们的研究结果主张将单层 Ge2Se2 用于各种光电设备,包括下一代太阳能电池。本文介绍的量子到微观混合方法适用于更广泛的二维和三维材料与结构,为未来光伏材料的计算设计指明了道路。
{"title":"Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> and its application in photovoltaic devices.","authors":"Anup Shrivastava, Shivani Saini, Dolly Kumari, Sanjai Singh, Jost Adam","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.94","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the discovery of graphene in 2004, the unique properties of two-dimensional materials have sparked intense research interest regarding their use as alternative materials in various photonic applications. Transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers have been proposed as transport layers in photovoltaic cells, but the promising characteristics of group IV-VI dichalcogenides are yet to be thoroughly investigated. This manuscript reports on monolayer Ge<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> (a group IV-VI dichalcogenide), its optoelectronic behavior, and its potential application in photovoltaics. When employed as a hole transport layer, the material fosters an astonishing device performance. We use ab initio modeling for the material prediction, while classical drift-diffusion drives the device simulations. Hybrid functionals calculate electronic and optical properties to maintain high accuracy. The structural stability has been verified using phonon spectra. The <i>E</i>-<i>k</i> dispersion reveals the investigated material's key electronic properties. The calculations reveal a direct bandgap of 1.12 eV for monolayer Ge<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>. We further extract critical optical parameters using the Kubo-Greenwood formalism and Kramers-Kronig relations. A significantly large absorption coefficient and a high dielectric constant inspired the design of a monolayer Ge<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>-based solar cell, exhibiting a high open circuit voltage of <i>V</i> <sub>oc</sub> = 1.11 V, a fill factor of 87.66%, and more than 28% power conversion efficiency at room temperature. Our findings advocate monolayer Ge<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub> for various optoelectronic devices, including next-generation solar cells. The hybrid quantum-to-macroscopic methodology presented here applies to broader classes of 2D and 3D materials and structures, showing a path to the computational design of future photovoltaic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1153-1169"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.93
Supratik Kar, Siyun Yang
Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are widely used in medicine and environmental remediation because of their unique properties. However, their size, surface area, and reactivity can cause toxicity, potentially leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular or DNA damage. In this study, a nano-quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (nano-QSTR) model was initially developed to assess zebrafish toxicity for 24 MONPs. Previously established 23 first- and second-generation periodic table descriptors, along with five newly proposed third-generation descriptors derived from the periodic table, were employed. Subsequently, to enhance the quality and predictive capability of the nano-QSTR model, a nano-quantitative read across structure-toxicity relationship (nano-qRASTR) model was created. This model integrated read-across descriptors with modeled descriptors from the nano-QSTR approach. The nano-qRASTR model, featuring three attributes, outperformed the previously reported simple QSTR model, despite having one less MONP. This study highlights the effective utilization of the nano-qRASTR algorithm in situations with limited data for modeling, demonstrating superior goodness-of-fit, robustness, and predictability (R2 = 0.81, Q2LOO = 0.70, Q2F1/R2PRED = 0.76) compared to simple QSTR models. Finally, the developed nano-qRASTR model was applied to predict toxicity data for an external dataset comprising 35 MONPs, addressing gaps in zebrafish toxicity assessment.
{"title":"Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles.","authors":"Supratik Kar, Siyun Yang","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are widely used in medicine and environmental remediation because of their unique properties. However, their size, surface area, and reactivity can cause toxicity, potentially leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular or DNA damage. In this study, a nano-quantitative structure-toxicity relationship (nano-QSTR) model was initially developed to assess zebrafish toxicity for 24 MONPs. Previously established 23 first- and second-generation periodic table descriptors, along with five newly proposed third-generation descriptors derived from the periodic table, were employed. Subsequently, to enhance the quality and predictive capability of the nano-QSTR model, a nano-quantitative read across structure-toxicity relationship (nano-qRASTR) model was created. This model integrated read-across descriptors with modeled descriptors from the nano-QSTR approach. The nano-qRASTR model, featuring three attributes, outperformed the previously reported simple QSTR model, despite having one less MONP. This study highlights the effective utilization of the nano-qRASTR algorithm in situations with limited data for modeling, demonstrating superior goodness-of-fit, robustness, and predictability (<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> = 0.81, <i>Q</i> <sup>2</sup> <sub>LOO</sub> = 0.70, <i>Q</i> <sup>2</sup> <sub>F1</sub>/<i>R</i> <sup>2</sup> <sub>PRED</sub> = 0.76) compared to simple QSTR models. Finally, the developed nano-qRASTR model was applied to predict toxicity data for an external dataset comprising 35 MONPs, addressing gaps in zebrafish toxicity assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1142-1152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.92
Qui Thanh Hoai Ta, Luan Minh Nguyen, Ngoc Hoi Nguyen, Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen, Dai Hai Nguyen
Rapid recombination of charge carriers in semiconductors is a main drawback for photocatalytic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactions. Herein, we propose a novel catalyst by developing a p-n junction titania-silicon nanowires (TiO2/SiNWs) heterostructure. The structure is fabricated by atomic layer deposition of TiO2 on p-type SiNWs. The TiO2/SiNWs heterostructure exhibited an outstanding OCM performance under simulated solar light irradiation compared to the single components. This enhanced efficiency was attributed to the intrinsic electrical field formed between n-type TiO2 and p-type SiNWs, which forces generated charge carriers to move in opposite directions and suppresses charge recombination. Besides, surface morphology and optical properties of the the p-n TiO2/SiNWs catalyst are also beneficial for the photocatalytic activity. It is expected that the results of this study will provide massive guidance in synthesizing an efficient photocatalyst for CH4 conversion under mild conditions.
半导体中电荷载流子的快速重组是光催化甲烷氧化偶联(OCM)反应的主要缺点。在此,我们通过开发一种 p-n 结二氧化钛-硅纳米线(TiO2/SiNWs)异质结构,提出了一种新型催化剂。该结构是通过在 p 型硅纳米线上原子层沉积 TiO2 制成的。与单一成分相比,TiO2/SiNWs 异质结构在模拟太阳光照射下表现出卓越的 OCM 性能。效率的提高归功于 n 型 TiO2 和 p 型 SiNWs 之间形成的固有电场,该电场迫使产生的电荷载流子向相反的方向移动,从而抑制了电荷重组。此外,p-n TiO2/SiNWs 催化剂的表面形貌和光学特性也有利于提高光催化活性。预计本研究的结果将为在温和条件下合成一种用于转化 CH4 的高效光催化剂提供大量指导。
{"title":"Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiNWs p-n junction catalyst at room temperature.","authors":"Qui Thanh Hoai Ta, Luan Minh Nguyen, Ngoc Hoi Nguyen, Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen, Dai Hai Nguyen","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.15.92","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rapid recombination of charge carriers in semiconductors is a main drawback for photocatalytic oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) reactions. Herein, we propose a novel catalyst by developing a p-n junction titania-silicon nanowires (TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiNWs) heterostructure. The structure is fabricated by atomic layer deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub> on p-type SiNWs. The TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiNWs heterostructure exhibited an outstanding OCM performance under simulated solar light irradiation compared to the single components. This enhanced efficiency was attributed to the intrinsic electrical field formed between n-type TiO<sub>2</sub> and p-type SiNWs, which forces generated charge carriers to move in opposite directions and suppresses charge recombination. Besides, surface morphology and optical properties of the the p-n TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiNWs catalyst are also beneficial for the photocatalytic activity. It is expected that the results of this study will provide massive guidance in synthesizing an efficient photocatalyst for CH<sub>4</sub> conversion under mild conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1132-1141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11403797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.91
Daniel Rothhardt, Amina Kimouche, Tillmann Klamroth, Regina Hoffmann-Vogel
Graphene nanoribbons show exciting electronic properties related to the exotic nature of the charge carriers and to local confinement as well as atomic-scale structural details. The local work function provides evidence for such structural, electronic, and chemical variations at surfaces. Kelvin prove force microscopy can be used to measure the local contact potential difference (LCPD) between a probe tip and a surface, related to the work function. Here we use this technique to map the LCPD of graphene nanoribbons grown on a Au(111) substrate. The LCPD data shows charge transfer between the graphene nanoribbons and the gold substrate. Our results are corroborated with density functional theory calculations, which verify that the maps reflect the doping of the nanoribbons. Our results help to understand the relation between atomic structure and electronic properties both in high-resolution images and in the distance dependence of the LCPD.
{"title":"Local work function on graphene nanoribbons.","authors":"Daniel Rothhardt, Amina Kimouche, Tillmann Klamroth, Regina Hoffmann-Vogel","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.91","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.91","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphene nanoribbons show exciting electronic properties related to the exotic nature of the charge carriers and to local confinement as well as atomic-scale structural details. The local work function provides evidence for such structural, electronic, and chemical variations at surfaces. Kelvin prove force microscopy can be used to measure the local contact potential difference (LCPD) between a probe tip and a surface, related to the work function. Here we use this technique to map the LCPD of graphene nanoribbons grown on a Au(111) substrate. The LCPD data shows charge transfer between the graphene nanoribbons and the gold substrate. Our results are corroborated with density functional theory calculations, which verify that the maps reflect the doping of the nanoribbons. Our results help to understand the relation between atomic structure and electronic properties both in high-resolution images and in the distance dependence of the LCPD.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1125-1131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.90
Katja Höflich, Krzysztof Maćkosz, Chinmai S Jureddy, Aleksei Tsarapkin, Ivo Utke
Direct electron beam writing is a powerful tool for fabricating complex nanostructures in a single step. The electron beam locally cleaves the molecules of an adsorbed gaseous precursor to form a deposit, similar to 3D printing but without the need for a resist or development step. Here, we employ for the first time a silver β-diketonate precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The used compound (hfac)AgPMe3 operates at an evaporation temperature of 70-80 °C and is compatible with commercially available gas injection systems used in any standard scanning electron microscope. Growth of smooth 3D geometries could be demonstrated for tightly focused electron beams, albeit with low silver content in the deposit volume. The electron beam-induced deposition proved sensitive to the irradiation conditions, leading to varying compositions of the deposit and internal inhomogeneities such as the formation of a layered structure consisting of a pure silver layer at the interface to the substrate covered by a deposit layer with low silver content. Imaging after the deposition process revealed morphological changes such as the growth of silver particles on the surface. While these effects complicate the application for 3D printing, the unique deposit structure with a thin, compact silver film beneath the deposit body is interesting from a fundamental point of view and may offer additional opportunities for applications.
{"title":"Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights.","authors":"Katja Höflich, Krzysztof Maćkosz, Chinmai S Jureddy, Aleksei Tsarapkin, Ivo Utke","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.90","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.90","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Direct electron beam writing is a powerful tool for fabricating complex nanostructures in a single step. The electron beam locally cleaves the molecules of an adsorbed gaseous precursor to form a deposit, similar to 3D printing but without the need for a resist or development step. Here, we employ for the first time a silver β-diketonate precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The used compound (hfac)AgPMe<sub>3</sub> operates at an evaporation temperature of 70-80 °C and is compatible with commercially available gas injection systems used in any standard scanning electron microscope. Growth of smooth 3D geometries could be demonstrated for tightly focused electron beams, albeit with low silver content in the deposit volume. The electron beam-induced deposition proved sensitive to the irradiation conditions, leading to varying compositions of the deposit and internal inhomogeneities such as the formation of a layered structure consisting of a pure silver layer at the interface to the substrate covered by a deposit layer with low silver content. Imaging after the deposition process revealed morphological changes such as the growth of silver particles on the surface. While these effects complicate the application for 3D printing, the unique deposit structure with a thin, compact silver film beneath the deposit body is interesting from a fundamental point of view and may offer additional opportunities for applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1117-1124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11368048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142118903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over recent decades, nanomedicine has played an important role in the enhancement of therapeutic outcomes compared to those of conventional therapy. At the same time, nanoparticle drug delivery systems offer a significant reduction in side effects of treatments by lowering the off-target biodistribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Cancer nanomedicine represents the most extensively studied nanotechnology application in the field of pharmaceutics and pharmacology since the first nanodrug for cancer treatment, liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®), has been approved by the FDA. The advancement of cancer nanomedicine and its enormous technological success also included various other target diseases, including hepatic fibrosis. This confirms the versatility of nanomedicine for improving therapeutic activity. In this review, we summarize recent updates of nanomedicine platforms for improving therapeutic efficacy regarding liver fibrosis. We first emphasize the challenges of conventional drugs for penetrating the biological barriers of the liver. After that, we highlight design principles of nanocarriers for achieving improved drug delivery of antifibrosis drugs through passive and active targeting strategies.
{"title":"Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.","authors":"Damai Ria Setyawati, Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas, Riyona Desvy Pratiwi, A'liyatur Rosyidah, Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar, Nunik Gustini, Gita Syahputra, Idah Rosidah, Etik Mardliyati, Tarwadi, Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.89","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.89","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over recent decades, nanomedicine has played an important role in the enhancement of therapeutic outcomes compared to those of conventional therapy. At the same time, nanoparticle drug delivery systems offer a significant reduction in side effects of treatments by lowering the off-target biodistribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredients. Cancer nanomedicine represents the most extensively studied nanotechnology application in the field of pharmaceutics and pharmacology since the first nanodrug for cancer treatment, liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil<sup>®</sup>), has been approved by the FDA. The advancement of cancer nanomedicine and its enormous technological success also included various other target diseases, including hepatic fibrosis. This confirms the versatility of nanomedicine for improving therapeutic activity. In this review, we summarize recent updates of nanomedicine platforms for improving therapeutic efficacy regarding liver fibrosis. We first emphasize the challenges of conventional drugs for penetrating the biological barriers of the liver. After that, we highlight design principles of nanocarriers for achieving improved drug delivery of antifibrosis drugs through passive and active targeting strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1105-1116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.88
Shakhzodjon Uzokboev, Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov, Ra'no Nuritdinova, Salah M Tawfik, Yong-Ill Lee
Sensors are applied to many fields nowadays because of their high sensitivity, low cost, time-saving, user-friendly, and excellent selectivity. Current biomedical and pharmaceutical science has one focus on developing nanoparticle-based sensors, especially biopolymeric nanoparticles. Alginate is a widely used biopolymer in a variety of applications. The hydrogel-forming characteristic, the chemical structure with hydroxy and carboxylate moieties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and water solubility of alginate have expanded opportunities in material and biomedical sciences. Recently, research on alginate-based nanoparticles and their applications has begun. These materials are gaining popularity because of their wide usage potential in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Many review papers describe applications of alginate in the drug delivery field. The current study covers the structural and physicochemical properties of alginate-based nanoparticles. The prospective applications of alginate-based nanomaterials in various domains are discussed, including drug delivery and environmental sensing applications for humidity, heavy metals, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, biomedical sensing applications of alginate-based nanoparticles regarding various analytes such as glucose, cancer cells, pharmaceutical drugs, and human motion will also be reviewed in this paper. Future research scopes highlight existing challenges and solutions.
{"title":"Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications.","authors":"Shakhzodjon Uzokboev, Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov, Ra'no Nuritdinova, Salah M Tawfik, Yong-Ill Lee","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.88","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.88","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensors are applied to many fields nowadays because of their high sensitivity, low cost, time-saving, user-friendly, and excellent selectivity. Current biomedical and pharmaceutical science has one focus on developing nanoparticle-based sensors, especially biopolymeric nanoparticles. Alginate is a widely used biopolymer in a variety of applications. The hydrogel-forming characteristic, the chemical structure with hydroxy and carboxylate moieties, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and water solubility of alginate have expanded opportunities in material and biomedical sciences. Recently, research on alginate-based nanoparticles and their applications has begun. These materials are gaining popularity because of their wide usage potential in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields. Many review papers describe applications of alginate in the drug delivery field. The current study covers the structural and physicochemical properties of alginate-based nanoparticles. The prospective applications of alginate-based nanomaterials in various domains are discussed, including drug delivery and environmental sensing applications for humidity, heavy metals, and hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, biomedical sensing applications of alginate-based nanoparticles regarding various analytes such as glucose, cancer cells, pharmaceutical drugs, and human motion will also be reviewed in this paper. Future research scopes highlight existing challenges and solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1077-1104"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.87
Knarik Khachatryan, Simon Anter, Michael Reichling, Alexander von Schmidsfeld
Laser interferometry is a well-established and widely used technique for precise displacement measurements. In a non-contact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM), it facilitates the force measurement by recording the periodic displacement of an oscillating microcantilever. To understand signal generation in a NC-AFM-based Michelson-type interferometer, we evaluate the non-linear response of the interferometer to the harmonic displacement of the cantilever in the time domain. As the interferometer signal is limited in amplitude because of the spatial periodicity of the interferometer light field, an increasing cantilever oscillation amplitude creates an output signal with an increasingly complex temporal structure. By the fit of a model to the measured time-domain signal, all parameters governing the interferometric displacement signal can precisely be determined. It is demonstrated, that such an analysis specifically allows for the calibration of the cantilever oscillation amplitude with 2% accuracy.
{"title":"Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection.","authors":"Knarik Khachatryan, Simon Anter, Michael Reichling, Alexander von Schmidsfeld","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.87","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.87","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Laser interferometry is a well-established and widely used technique for precise displacement measurements. In a non-contact atomic force microscope (NC-AFM), it facilitates the force measurement by recording the periodic displacement of an oscillating microcantilever. To understand signal generation in a NC-AFM-based Michelson-type interferometer, we evaluate the non-linear response of the interferometer to the harmonic displacement of the cantilever in the time domain. As the interferometer signal is limited in amplitude because of the spatial periodicity of the interferometer light field, an increasing cantilever oscillation amplitude creates an output signal with an increasingly complex temporal structure. By the fit of a model to the measured time-domain signal, all parameters governing the interferometric displacement signal can precisely be determined. It is demonstrated, that such an analysis specifically allows for the calibration of the cantilever oscillation amplitude with 2% accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1070-1076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346308/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique was meticulously evaluated by analyzing the ablation rates, surface plasmon resonance peak positions, and particle size distributions of the obtained colloids. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using the techniques of UV-visible absorption, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, NPs of various sizes ranging from 6 to 35 nm were loaded onto a filter paper by a simple and effective drop-casting approach to achieve flexible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates/sensors. These substrates were tested using a simple, portable Raman device to identify various hazardous chemicals (malachite green, methyl salicylate, and thiram). The stability of the substrates was also systematically investigated by determining the decay percentages in the SERS signals over 60 days. The optimized SERS substrate was subsequently employed to detect chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants such as methyl salicylate (a CWA simulant for sulfur mustard) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (has some structural similarities to the G-series nerve agents) at different laser excitations (325, 532, and 633 nm). A notably higher SERS efficiency for CWA simulants was observed at a 325 nm Raman excitation. Our findings reveal that a higher ablation yield was observed at IR irradiation than those obtained at the other wavelengths. A size decrease of the NPs was noticed by changing the liquid environment to an electrolyte. These findings have significant implications for developing more efficient and stable SERS substrates for chemical detection applications.
{"title":"Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP.","authors":"Sree Satya Bharati Moram, Chandu Byram, Venugopal Rao Soma","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.86","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.86","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study investigates the effects of input wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm) and surrounding liquid environment (distilled water and aqueous NaCl solution) on the picosecond laser ablation on silver (Ag), gold (Au), and Ag/Au alloy targets. The efficacy of the laser ablation technique was meticulously evaluated by analyzing the ablation rates, surface plasmon resonance peak positions, and particle size distributions of the obtained colloids. The nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using the techniques of UV-visible absorption, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, NPs of various sizes ranging from 6 to 35 nm were loaded onto a filter paper by a simple and effective drop-casting approach to achieve flexible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates/sensors. These substrates were tested using a simple, portable Raman device to identify various hazardous chemicals (malachite green, methyl salicylate, and thiram). The stability of the substrates was also systematically investigated by determining the decay percentages in the SERS signals over 60 days. The optimized SERS substrate was subsequently employed to detect chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulants such as methyl salicylate (a CWA simulant for sulfur mustard) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (has some structural similarities to the G-series nerve agents) at different laser excitations (325, 532, and 633 nm). A notably higher SERS efficiency for CWA simulants was observed at a 325 nm Raman excitation. Our findings reveal that a higher ablation yield was observed at IR irradiation than those obtained at the other wavelengths. A size decrease of the NPs was noticed by changing the liquid environment to an electrolyte. These findings have significant implications for developing more efficient and stable SERS substrates for chemical detection applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1054-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11346305/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142071914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-16eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.85
Mattia Bartoli, Francesca Cardano, Erik Piatti, Stefania Lettieri, Andrea Fin, Alberto Tagliaferro
The interfaces between medical implants and living tissues are of great complexity because of the simultaneous occurrence of a wide variety of phenomena. The engineering of implant surfaces represents a crucial challenge in material science, but the further improvement of implant properties remains a critical task. It can be achieved through several processes. Among them, the production of specialized coatings based on carbon-based materials stands very promising. The use of carbon coatings allows one to simultaneously fine-tune tribological, mechanical, and chemical properties. Here, we review applications of nanostructured carbon coatings (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-related materials) for the improvement of the overall properties of medical implants. We are focusing on biological interactions, improved corrosion resistance, and overall mechanical properties, trying to provide a complete overview within the field.
{"title":"Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview.","authors":"Mattia Bartoli, Francesca Cardano, Erik Piatti, Stefania Lettieri, Andrea Fin, Alberto Tagliaferro","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.85","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.85","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interfaces between medical implants and living tissues are of great complexity because of the simultaneous occurrence of a wide variety of phenomena. The engineering of implant surfaces represents a crucial challenge in material science, but the further improvement of implant properties remains a critical task. It can be achieved through several processes. Among them, the production of specialized coatings based on carbon-based materials stands very promising. The use of carbon coatings allows one to simultaneously fine-tune tribological, mechanical, and chemical properties. Here, we review applications of nanostructured carbon coatings (nanodiamonds, carbon nanotubes, and graphene-related materials) for the improvement of the overall properties of medical implants. We are focusing on biological interactions, improved corrosion resistance, and overall mechanical properties, trying to provide a complete overview within the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"1041-1053"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11331541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142003542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}