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Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold. 电子束诱导铂和金沉积过程中的水辅助净化。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.73
Cristiano Glessi, Fabian A Polman, Cornelis W Hagen

Direct fabrication of pure metallic nanostructures is one of the main aims of focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). It was recently achieved for gold deposits by the co-injection of a water precursor and the gold precursor Au(tfac)Me2. In this work results are reported, using the same approach, on a different gold precursor, Au(acac)Me2, as well as the frequently used platinum precursor MeCpPtMe3. As a water precursor MgSO4·7H2O was used. The purification during deposition led to a decrease of the carbon-to-gold ratio (in atom %) from 2.8 to 0.5 and a decrease of the carbon-to-platinum ratio (in atom %) from 6-7 to 0.2. The purification was done in a regular scanning electron microscope using commercially available components and chemicals, which paves the way for a broader application of direct etching-assisted FEBID to obtain pure metallic structures.

直接制造纯金属纳米结构是聚焦电子束诱导沉积(FEBID)的主要目标之一。最近,通过水前驱体和金前驱体 Au(tfac)Me2 的共同注入,实现了金沉积。本研究采用相同的方法,对不同的金前驱体 Au(acac)Me2 和常用的铂前驱体 MeCpPtMe3 进行了研究。水前驱体使用的是 MgSO4-7H2O。沉积过程中的提纯使得碳金比(原子百分比)从 2.8 降至 0.5,碳铂比(原子百分比)从 6-7 降至 0.2。纯化是在普通扫描电子显微镜下使用市场上可买到的元件和化学品完成的,这为更广泛地应用直接蚀刻辅助 FEBID 获得纯金属结构铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models. 综述纳米材料的结构特征以建立纳米 QSAR 模型。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-11 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.71
Salvador Moncho, Eva Serrano-Candelas, Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz, Rafael Gozalbes

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are routinely used to predict the properties and biological activity of chemicals to direct synthetic advances, perform massive screenings, and even to register new substances according to international regulations. Currently, nanoscale QSAR (nano-QSAR) models, adapting this methodology to predict the intrinsic features of nanomaterials (NMs) and quantitatively assess their risks, are blooming. One of the challenges is the characterization of the NMs. This cannot be done with a simple SMILES representation, as for organic molecules, because their chemical structure is complex, including several layers and many inorganic materials, and their size and geometry are key features. In this review, we survey the literature for existing predictive models for NMs and discuss the variety of calculated and experimental features used to define and describe NMs. In the light of this research, we propose a classification of the descriptors including those that directly describe a component of the nanoform (core, surface, or structure) and also experimental features (related to the nanomaterial's behavior, preparation, or test conditions) that indirectly reflect its structure.

定量结构-活性关系(QSAR)模型通常用于预测化学品的性质和生物活性,以指导合成进展,进行大规模筛选,甚至根据国际法规注册新物质。目前,纳米尺度 QSAR(纳米 QSAR)模型正在蓬勃发展,这种方法可用于预测纳米材料(NMs)的内在特征并定量评估其风险。挑战之一是纳米材料的特征描述。这不能像有机分子那样用简单的 SMILES 表示法来完成,因为它们的化学结构复杂,包括多层和多种无机材料,而且它们的尺寸和几何形状是关键特征。在这篇综述中,我们调查了有关现有 NM 预测模型的文献,并讨论了用于定义和描述 NM 的各种计算和实验特征。根据这项研究,我们提出了一种描述符分类方法,其中包括直接描述纳米形式成分(核心、表面或结构)的描述符,以及间接反映其结构的实验特征(与纳米材料的行为、制备或测试条件有关)。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures. 利用微质材料减少旋转叶片表面阻力的研究。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-10 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.70
Qinsong Zhu, Chen Zhang, Fuhang Yu, Yan Xu

To enhance the aerodynamic performance of aero engine blades, simulations and experiments regarding microtextures to reduce the flow loss on the blade surfaces were carried out. First, based on the axisymmetric characteristics of the impeller, a new simulation method was proposed to determine the aerodynamic parameters of the blade model through the comparison of flow field characteristics and simulation results. Second, the placement position and geometrical parameters (height, width, and spacing) of microtextures with lower energy loss were determined by our simulation of microtextures on the blade surface, and the drag reduction mechanism was analyzed. Triangular ribs with a height of 0.2 mm, a width of 0.3 mm, and a spacing of 0.2 mm exhibited the best drag reduction, reducing the energy loss coefficient and drag by 1.45% and 1.31% for a single blade, respectively. Finally, the blades with the optimal microtexture parameters were tested in the wind tunnel. The experimental results showed that the microtexture decreased energy loss by 3.7% for a single blade under 57° angle of attack and 136.24 m/s, which was favorable regarding the drag reduction performance of the impeller with 45 blades.

为了提高航空发动机叶片的气动性能,研究人员进行了有关微混合物的模拟和实验,以减少叶片表面的流动损失。首先,根据叶轮的轴对称特性,提出了一种新的模拟方法,通过流场特性和模拟结果的比较来确定叶片模型的气动参数。其次,通过对叶片表面微纹理的模拟,确定了能量损失较小的微纹理的放置位置和几何参数(高度、宽度和间距),并分析了其减阻机理。高度为 0.2 毫米、宽度为 0.3 毫米、间距为 0.2 毫米的三角形肋条的阻力降低效果最好,单个叶片的能量损失系数和阻力分别降低了 1.45% 和 1.31%。最后,采用最佳微纹理参数的叶片在风洞中进行了测试。实验结果表明,在 57° 攻角和 136.24 米/秒的条件下,微纹理使单个叶片的能量损失降低了 3.7%,这对 45 片叶片的叶轮的减阻性能是有利的。
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引用次数: 0
When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases. 当纳米药物遇上热带疾病。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-08 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.69
Eder Lilia Romero, Katrien Van Bocxlaer, Fabio Rocha Formiga
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引用次数: 0
Intermixing of MoS2 and WS2 photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation. 将 MoS2 和 WS2 光催化剂混合用于亚甲基蓝的光降解。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.68
Maryam Al Qaydi, Nitul S Rajput, Michael Lejeune, Abdellatif Bouchalkha, Mimoun El Marssi, Steevy Cordette, Chaouki Kasmi, Mustapha Jouiad

Visible-light-driven photocatalysis using layered materials has garnered increasing attention regarding the degradation of organic dyes. Herein, transition-metal dichalcogenides MoS2 and WS2 prepared by chemical vapor deposition as well as their intermixing are evaluated for photodegradation (PD) of methylene blue under solar simulator irradiation. Our findings revealed that WS2 exhibited the highest PD efficiency of 67.6% and achieved an impressive PD rate constant of 6.1 × 10-3 min-1. Conversely, MoS2 displayed a somewhat lower PD performance of 43.5% but demonstrated remarkable stability. The intriguing result of this study relies on the synergetic effect observed when both MoS2 and WS2 are combined in a ratio of 20% of MoS2 and 80% of WS2. This precise blend resulted in an optimized PD efficiency and exceptional stability reaching 97% upon several cycles. This finding underscores the advantageous outcomes of intermixing WS2 and MoS2, shedding light on the development of an efficient and enduring photocatalyst for visible-light-driven photodegradation of methylene blue.

利用层状材料的可见光驱动光催化技术降解有机染料的研究越来越受到关注。在此,我们评估了通过化学气相沉积法制备的过渡金属二卤化物 MoS2 和 WS2 以及它们的混合物在太阳模拟器照射下对亚甲基蓝的光降解(PD)效果。我们的研究结果表明,WS2 的光降解效率最高,达到 67.6%,光降解速率常数为 6.1 × 10-3 min-1。相反,MoS2 的光致脱色性能稍低,仅为 43.5%,但却表现出显著的稳定性。本研究令人感兴趣的结果是,当 MoS2 和 WS2 以 20% 的 MoS2 和 80% 的 WS2 的比例混合时,观察到了协同效应。这种精确的混合带来了优化的 PD 效率和卓越的稳定性,在多次循环后达到 97%。这一发现强调了 WS2 和 MoS2 混合使用的优势,为开发一种高效、持久的光催化剂提供了启示,该催化剂可用于可见光驱动的亚甲基蓝光降解。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis of silver-palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study. 利用独立来源的共溅射合成银钯 Janus 纳米粒子:实验和理论研究。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-04 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.67
Maria J Martínez-Carreón, Francisco Solís-Pomar, Abel Fundora, Claudio D Gutiérrez-Lazos, Sergio Mejía-Rosales, Hector N Fernández-Escamilla, Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez, Manuel F Meléndrez, Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Janus-type nanoparticles are important because of their ability to combine distinct properties and functionalities in a single particle, making them extremely versatile and valuable in various scientific, technological, and industrial applications. In this work, bimetallic silver-palladium Janus nanoparticles were obtained for the first time using the inert gas condensation technique. In order to achieve this, an original synthesis equipment built by Mantis Ltd. was modified by the inclusion of an additional magnetron in a second chamber, which allowed us to use two monometallic targets to sputter the two metals independently. With this arrangement, we could find appropriate settings at room temperature to promote the synthesis of bimetallic Janus nanoparticles. The structural properties of the resulting nanoparticles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the chemical composition was analyzed by TEM energy dispersive spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), which, together with structural analysis, confirmed the presence of Janus-type nanostructures. Results of molecular dynamics and TEM simulations show that the differences between the crystalline structures of the Pd and Ag regions observed in the TEM micrographs can be explained by small mismatches in the orientations of the two regions of the particle. A density functional theory structural aims to understand the atomic arrangement at the interface of the Janus particle.

Janus 型纳米粒子之所以重要,是因为它们能够在单个粒子中结合不同的特性和功能,使其在各种科学、技术和工业应用中具有极高的通用性和价值。本研究首次利用惰性气体冷凝技术获得了银钯双金属 Janus 纳米粒子。为了实现这一目标,我们对 Mantis 有限公司制造的原合成设备进行了改装,在第二个腔室中增加了一个磁控管,这样我们就可以使用两个单金属靶来独立溅射两种金属。通过这种安排,我们可以在室温下找到合适的设置,以促进双金属 Janus 纳米粒子的合成。我们用透射电子显微镜(TEM)研究了所得纳米粒子的结构特性,并用 TEM 能量色散光谱(TEM-EDS)分析了其化学成分。分子动力学和 TEM 模拟的结果表明,TEM 显微照片中观察到的钯区和银区结晶结构之间的差异可以用颗粒两个区域取向的微小错配来解释。密度泛函理论结构旨在了解 Janus 粒子界面上的原子排列。
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引用次数: 0
Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate. 四羰基丙烯酸甲酯铁的电子诱导配体流失。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.66
Hlib Lyshchuk, Atul Chaudhary, Thomas F M Luxford, Miloš Ranković, Jaroslav Kočišek, Juraj Fedor, Lisa McElwee-White, Pamir Nag

We probe the separation of ligands from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate (Fe(CO)4(C4H6O2) or Fe(CO)4MA) induced by the interaction with free electrons. The motivation comes from the possible use of this molecule as a nanofabrication precursor and from the corresponding need to understand its elementary reactions fundamental to the electron-induced deposition. We utilize two complementary electron collision setups and support the interpretation of data by quantum chemical calculations. This way, both the dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment fragmentation channels are characterized. Considerable differences in the degree of precursor fragmentation in these two channels are observed. Interesting differences also appear when this precursor is compared to structurally similar iron pentacarbonyl. The present findings shed light on the recent electron-induced chemistry of Fe(CO)4MA on a surface under ultrahigh vacuum.

我们探究了自由电子作用下配体与丙烯酸四羰基甲基铁(Fe(CO)4(C4H6O2) 或 Fe(CO)4MA)的分离。研究的动机来自于将这种分子用作纳米制造前体的可能性,以及了解电子诱导沉积的基本反应的相应需求。我们利用了两种互补的电子碰撞设置,并通过量子化学计算来支持对数据的解释。这样,解离电离和解离电子附着碎片通道都得到了表征。在这两种途径中观察到的前驱体破碎程度存在很大差异。将这种前体与结构相似的五羰基铁进行比较,也会发现有趣的差异。本研究结果揭示了在超高真空条件下,Fe(CO)4MA 表面最近的电子诱导化学反应。
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引用次数: 0
Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material. 含有不同盐类的电纺聚琥珀酰亚胺支架可作为潜在的伤口敷料。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.65
Veronika Pálos, Krisztina S Nagy, Rita Pázmány, Krisztina Juriga-Tóth, Bálint Budavári, Judit Domokos, Dóra Szabó, Ákos Zsembery, Angela Jedlovszky-Hajdu

In this research, we applied electrospinning to create a two-component biodegradable polymeric scaffold containing polysuccinimide (PSI) and antibacterial salts. Antibacterial agents for therapeutical purposes mostly contain silver ions which are associated with high environmental impact and, in some cases, may cause undesired immune reactions. In our work, we prepared nanofibrous systems containing antibacterial and tissue-regenerating salts of zinc acetate or strontium nitrate in different concentrations, whose structures may be suitable for developing biomedical wound dressing systems in the future. Several experiments have been conducted to optimize the physicochemical, mechanical, and biological properties of the scaffolds developed for application as wound dressings. The scaffold systems obtained by PSI synthesis, salt addition, and fiber formation were first investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In almost all cases, different salts caused a decrease in the fiber diameter of PSI polymer-based systems (<500 nm). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to verify the presence of salts in the scaffolds and to determine the interaction between the salt and the polymer. Another analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, was carried out to determine strontium and zinc atoms in the scaffolds. Our result showed that the salts influence the mechanical properties of the polymer scaffold, both in terms of specific load capacity and relative elongation values. According to the dissolution experiments, the whole amount of strontium nitrate was dissolved from the scaffold in 8 h; however, only 50% of the zinc acetate was dissolved. In addition, antibacterial activity tests were performed with four different bacterial strains relevant to skin surface injuries, leading to the appearance of inhibition zones around the scaffold discs in most cases. We also investigated the potential cytotoxicity of the scaffolds on human tumorous and healthy cells. Except for the ones containing zinc acetate salt, the scaffolds are not cytotoxic to either tumor or healthy cells.

在这项研究中,我们应用电纺丝技术制造了一种含有聚琥珀酰亚胺(PSI)和抗菌盐的双组分可生物降解聚合物支架。用于治疗目的的抗菌剂大多含有银离子,而银离子对环境的影响很大,在某些情况下还可能引起不良的免疫反应。在我们的工作中,我们制备了含有不同浓度的醋酸锌或硝酸锶抗菌盐和组织再生盐的纳米纤维系统,其结构可能适用于未来生物医学伤口敷料系统的开发。为了优化所开发的支架的物理化学、机械和生物特性,我们进行了多项实验,以便将其应用于伤口敷料。首先用扫描电子显微镜研究了通过 PSI 合成、加盐和纤维形成获得的支架系统。几乎在所有情况下,不同的盐分都会导致 PSI 聚合物体系的纤维直径减小 (
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引用次数: 0
Exploring surface charge dynamics: implications for AFM height measurements in 2D materials. 探索表面电荷动力学:二维材料中原子力显微镜高度测量的意义。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-07-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.64
Mario Navarro-Rodriguez, Andres M Somoza, Elisa Palacios-Lidon

An often observed artifact in atomic force microscopy investigations of individual monolayer flakes of 2D materials is the inaccurate height derived from topography images, often attributed to capillary or electrostatic forces. Here, we show the existence of a Joule dissipative mechanism related to charge dynamics and supplementing the dissipation due to capillary forces. This particular mechanism arises from the surface conductivity and assumes significance specially in the context of 2D materials on insulating supports. In such scenarios, the oscillating tip induces in-plane charge currents that in many circumstances constitute the main dissipative contribution to amplitude reduction and, consequently, affect the measured height. To investigate this phenomenon, we conduct measurements on monolayer flakes of co-deposited graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide. Subsequently, we introduce a general model that elucidates our observations. This approach offers valuable insights into the dynamics of surface charges and their intricate interaction with the tip.

在对二维材料的单个单层薄片进行原子力显微镜研究时,经常会观察到一个假象,即从形貌图像中得出的高度不准确,这通常归因于毛细管力或静电力。在这里,我们展示了一种与电荷动力学相关的焦耳耗散机制的存在,并对毛细力导致的耗散进行了补充。这种特殊机制源于表面电导率,在绝缘支撑物上的二维材料中具有特殊意义。在这种情况下,振荡尖端会诱发面内电荷电流,在许多情况下,这些电荷电流是振幅降低的主要耗散因素,因此会影响测量高度。为了研究这一现象,我们对共沉积氧化石墨烯和还原氧化石墨烯的单层薄片进行了测量。随后,我们引入了一个通用模型来阐明我们的观察结果。这种方法为了解表面电荷的动态及其与尖端之间错综复杂的相互作用提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. 用于光催化降解亚甲基蓝的生物质源碳量子点的绿色合成。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.63
Dalia Chávez-García, Mario Guzman, Viridiana Sanchez, Rubén D Cadena-Nava

Water pollution, significantly influenced by the discharge of synthetic dyes from industries, such as textiles, poses a persistent global threat to human health. Among these dyes, methylene blue, particularly prevalent in the textile sector, exacerbates this issue. This study introduces an innovative approach to mitigate water pollution through the synthesis of nanomaterials using biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from grape pomace and watermelon peel. Utilizing the hydrothermal method at temperatures between 80 and 160 °C over periods ranging from 1 to 24 h, CQDs were successfully synthesized. A comprehensive characterization of the CQDs was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy, confirming their high quality. The photocatalytic activity of the CQDs in degrading methylene blue was evaluated under both sunlight and incandescent light irradiation, with measurements taken at 20 min intervals over a 2 h period. The CQDs, with sizes ranging from 1-10 nm, demonstrated notable optical properties, including upconversion and down-conversion luminescence. The results revealed effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight, highlighting the potential for scalable production of these cost-effective catalytic nanomaterials for synthetic dye degradation.

纺织等行业排放的合成染料严重影响了水污染,对人类健康构成了持续的全球性威胁。在这些染料中,亚甲基蓝在纺织行业尤为普遍,加剧了这一问题。本研究介绍了一种创新方法,即利用从葡萄渣和西瓜皮中提取的生物质碳量子点(CQDs)合成纳米材料,从而减轻水污染。利用水热法,在 80 至 160 °C 的温度下,经过 1 至 24 小时,成功合成了碳量子点。利用紫外-可见光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、动态光散射、拉曼光谱和发光光谱对 CQDs 进行了全面表征,证实了它们的高质量。在日光和白炽灯照射下,对 CQDs 降解亚甲基蓝的光催化活性进行了评估,测量时间为 2 小时,每隔 20 分钟测量一次。尺寸为 1-10 纳米的 CQDs 表现出显著的光学特性,包括上转换和下转换发光。研究结果表明,亚甲基蓝在阳光下能有效地进行光催化降解,这凸显了可规模化生产这些具有成本效益的催化纳米材料用于合成染料降解的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
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Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
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