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Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue. 用于光催化降解亚甲基蓝的生物质源碳量子点的绿色合成。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-25 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.63
Dalia Chávez-García, Mario Guzman, Viridiana Sanchez, Rubén D Cadena-Nava

Water pollution, significantly influenced by the discharge of synthetic dyes from industries, such as textiles, poses a persistent global threat to human health. Among these dyes, methylene blue, particularly prevalent in the textile sector, exacerbates this issue. This study introduces an innovative approach to mitigate water pollution through the synthesis of nanomaterials using biomass-derived carbon quantum dots (CQDs) from grape pomace and watermelon peel. Utilizing the hydrothermal method at temperatures between 80 and 160 °C over periods ranging from 1 to 24 h, CQDs were successfully synthesized. A comprehensive characterization of the CQDs was performed using UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman spectroscopy, and luminescence spectroscopy, confirming their high quality. The photocatalytic activity of the CQDs in degrading methylene blue was evaluated under both sunlight and incandescent light irradiation, with measurements taken at 20 min intervals over a 2 h period. The CQDs, with sizes ranging from 1-10 nm, demonstrated notable optical properties, including upconversion and down-conversion luminescence. The results revealed effective photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight, highlighting the potential for scalable production of these cost-effective catalytic nanomaterials for synthetic dye degradation.

纺织等行业排放的合成染料严重影响了水污染,对人类健康构成了持续的全球性威胁。在这些染料中,亚甲基蓝在纺织行业尤为普遍,加剧了这一问题。本研究介绍了一种创新方法,即利用从葡萄渣和西瓜皮中提取的生物质碳量子点(CQDs)合成纳米材料,从而减轻水污染。利用水热法,在 80 至 160 °C 的温度下,经过 1 至 24 小时,成功合成了碳量子点。利用紫外-可见光谱、傅立叶变换红外光谱、动态光散射、拉曼光谱和发光光谱对 CQDs 进行了全面表征,证实了它们的高质量。在日光和白炽灯照射下,对 CQDs 降解亚甲基蓝的光催化活性进行了评估,测量时间为 2 小时,每隔 20 分钟测量一次。尺寸为 1-10 纳米的 CQDs 表现出显著的光学特性,包括上转换和下转换发光。研究结果表明,亚甲基蓝在阳光下能有效地进行光催化降解,这凸显了可规模化生产这些具有成本效益的催化纳米材料用于合成染料降解的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties. 重复水热生长过程和快速热退火对氧化铜薄膜性能的影响。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.62
Monika Ozga, Eunika Zielony, Aleksandra Wierzbicka, Anna Wolska, Marcin Klepka, Marek Godlewski, Bogdan J Kowalski, Bartłomiej S Witkowski

This paper presents an investigation into the influence of repeating cycles of hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing (HT+RTA) on the properties of CuO thin films. An innovative hydrothermal method ensures homogeneous single-phase films initially. However, their electrical instability and susceptibility to cracking under the influence of temperature have posed a challenge to their utilization in electronic devices. To address this limitation, the HT+RTA procedure has been developed, which effectively eliminated the issue. Comprehensive surface analysis confirmed the procedure's ability to yield continuous films in which the content of organic compounds responsible for the formation of cracks significantly decreases. Structural analysis underscored the achieved improvements in the crystalline quality of the films. The implementation of the HT+RTA procedure significantly enhances the potential of CuO films for electronic applications. Key findings from Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis demonstrate the possibility of modulating the work function of the material. In addition, scanning capacitance microscopy measurements provided information on the changes in the local carrier concentration with each repetition. These studies indicate the increased usefulness of CuO thin films obtained from the HT+RTA procedure, which expands the possibilities of their applications in electronic devices.

本文研究了重复循环的水热生长过程和快速热退火(HT+RTA)对氧化铜薄膜特性的影响。一种创新的水热法最初可确保获得均匀的单相薄膜。然而,它们在温度影响下的电不稳定性和易开裂性对其在电子设备中的应用提出了挑战。为了解决这一局限性,我们开发了 HT+RTA 程序,有效地解决了这一问题。全面的表面分析证实,该工艺能够生成连续的薄膜,其中导致裂纹形成的有机化合物含量显著降低。结构分析强调了薄膜结晶质量的改善。HT+RTA 程序的实施大大提高了氧化铜薄膜在电子应用方面的潜力。开尔文探针力显微镜分析的主要发现证明了调节材料功函数的可能性。此外,扫描电容显微镜测量提供了每次重复时局部载流子浓度变化的信息。这些研究表明,通过 HT+RTA 程序获得的氧化铜薄膜的实用性得到了提高,从而扩大了其在电子设备中应用的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate. 多层基板聚焦离子束溅射的水平集模拟。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-06-24 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.61
Alexander V Rumyantsev, Nikolai I Borgardt, Roman L Volkov, Yuri A Chaplygin

The evolution of a multilayer sample surface during focused ion beam processing was simulated using the level set method and experimentally studied by milling a silicon dioxide layer covering a crystalline silicon substrate. The simulation took into account the redeposition of atoms simultaneously sputtered from both layers of the sample as well as the influence of backscattered ions on the milling process. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to produce tabulated data on the angular distributions of sputtered atoms and backscattered ions. Two sets of test structures including narrow trenches and rectangular boxes with different aspect ratios were experimentally prepared, and their cross sections were visualized in scanning transmission electron microscopy images. The superimposition of the calculated structure profiles onto the images showed a satisfactory agreement between simulation and experimental results. In the case of boxes that were prepared with an asymmetric cross section, the simulation can accurately predict the depth and shape of the structures, but there is some inaccuracy in reproducing the form of the left sidewall of the structure with a large amount of the redeposited material. To further validate the developed simulation approach and gain a better understanding of the sputtering process, the distribution of oxygen atoms in the redeposited layer derived from the numerical data was compared with the corresponding elemental map acquired by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.

使用水平集方法模拟了聚焦离子束加工过程中多层样品表面的演变,并通过铣削覆盖在晶体硅衬底上的二氧化硅层进行了实验研究。模拟考虑了同时从样品两层溅射出的原子的再沉积以及背散射离子对研磨过程的影响。蒙特卡洛模拟生成了溅射原子和反向散射离子角度分布的表格数据。实验制备了两组测试结构,包括不同长宽比的窄沟和矩形框,并在扫描透射电子显微镜图像中观察了它们的横截面。将计算出的结构剖面叠加到图像上显示,模拟结果与实验结果之间的一致性令人满意。在制备横截面不对称的盒子时,模拟能准确预测结构的深度和形状,但在再沉积大量材料的情况下,对结构左侧壁形状的再现存在一定的误差。为了进一步验证所开发的模拟方法并更好地了解溅射过程,我们将数值数据得出的再沉积层中氧原子的分布与能量色散 X 射线显微分析获得的相应元素图进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO2/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode. 在二氧化钛/石墨烯量子点修饰电极上同时电化学测定尿酸和次黄嘌呤。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-20 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.60
Vu Ngoc Hoang, Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa, Nguyen Quang Man, Le Vu Truong Son, Le Van Thanh Son, Vo Thang Nguyen, Le Thi Hong Phong, Ly Hoang Diem, Kieu Chan Ly, Ho Sy Thang, Dinh Quang Khieu

A TiO2/graphene quantum dots composite (TiO2/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO2/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. The TiO2/GQDs-GCE exhibits better electrochemical activity for uric acid and hypoxanthine than GQDs/GCE or TiO2/GCE in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Under optimized conditions, the calibration plots were linear in the range from 1.00 to 15.26 μM for both uric acid and hypoxanthine. The limits of detection of this method were 0.58 and 0.68 μM for uric acid and hypoxanthine, respectively. The proposed DPV method was employed to determine uric acid and hypoxanthine in urine samples with acceptable recovery rates.

通过原位合成从咖啡渣中提取的石墨烯量子点(GQDs)和过氧钛络合物得到的 TiO2/GQDs 复合材料(TiO2/GQDs)被用作同时电化学测定尿酸和次黄嘌呤的电极改性剂。研究人员通过光致发光、X 射线衍射、拉曼光谱、高分辨率透射电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线绘图对 TiO2/GQDs 材料进行了表征。在差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)测量中,TiO2/GQDs-GCE 对尿酸和次黄嘌呤的电化学活性优于 GQDs/GCE 或 TiO2/GCE。在优化条件下,尿酸和次黄嘌呤的校准图在 1.00 至 15.26 μM 范围内呈线性关系。尿酸和次黄嘌呤的检出限分别为 0.58 和 0.68 μM。采用DPV法测定尿样中的尿酸和次黄嘌呤,回收率良好。
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引用次数: 0
Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-k material at the drain. 利用低功耗活金属带和漏极低 K 材料降低垂直隧道场效应晶体管的次阈值波动。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-19 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.59
Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan, Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan

In this research paper, a vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) structure containing a live metal strip and a material with low dielectric constant is designed, and its performance metrics are analyzed in detail. Low-k SiO2 is incorporated in the channel-drain region. A live molybdenum metal strip with low work function is placed in a high-k HfO2 layer in the source-channel region. The device is examined by the parameters I off, subthreshold swing, threshold voltage, and I on/I off ratio. The introduction of a live metal strip in the dielectric layer closer to the source-channel interface results in a minimum subthreshold slope and a good I on/I off ratio. The low-k material at the drain reduces the gate-to-drain capacitance. Both the SiO2 layer and the live metal strip show excellent leakage current reduction to 1.4 × 10-17 A/μm. The design provides a subthreshold swing of 5 mV/decade, which is an excellent improvement in TFETs, an on-current of 1.00 × 10-5 A/μm, an I on/I off ratio of 7.14 × 1011, and a threshold voltage of 0.28 V.

本文设计了一种包含活金属带和低介电常数材料的垂直隧道场效应晶体管(TFET)结构,并对其性能指标进行了详细分析。在沟道-漏极区域加入了低介电常数的二氧化硅。在源沟道区的高 k HfO2 层中放置了具有低功函数的活钼金属带。通过 I off、阈下摆动、阈值电压和 I on/I off 比等参数对该器件进行了检验。在更靠近源极-沟道界面的介电层中引入活金属带,可实现最小的亚阈值斜率和良好的 I on/I off 比。漏极的低 k 材料降低了栅极到漏极的电容。二氧化硅层和活金属带都显示出出色的漏电流降低效果,达到 1.4 × 10-17 A/μm。该设计的阈下摆幅为 5 mV/decade,是对 TFET 的出色改进,导通电流为 1.00 × 10-5 A/μm,I on/I off 比为 7.14 × 1011,阈值电压为 0.28 V。
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引用次数: 0
Elastic modulus of β-Ga2O3 nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques. 通过共振和三点弯曲技术测量的β-Ga2O3 纳米线的弹性模量。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-18 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.58
Annamarija Trausa, Sven Oras, Sergei Vlassov, Mikk Antsov, Tauno Tiirats, Andreas Kyritsakis, Boris Polyakov, Edgars Butanovs

Due to the recent interest in ultrawide bandgap β-Ga2O3 thin films and nanostructures for various electronics and UV device applications, it is important to understand the mechanical properties of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs). In this work, we investigated the elastic modulus of individual β-Ga2O3 NWs using two distinct techniques - in-situ scanning electron microscopy resonance and three-point bending in atomic force microscopy. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesised NWs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The resonance tests yielded the mean elastic modulus of 34.5 GPa, while 75.8 GPa mean value was obtained via three-point bending. The measured elastic moduli values indicate the need for finely controllable β-Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices.

由于近年来人们对超宽带隙 β-Ga2O3 薄膜和纳米结构在各种电子和紫外器件中的应用产生了浓厚的兴趣,因此了解 Ga2O3 纳米线 (NW) 的机械特性非常重要。在这项工作中,我们使用两种不同的技术--原位扫描电子显微镜共振和原子力显微镜三点弯曲--研究了单个 β-Ga2O3 纳米线的弹性模量。利用 X 射线衍射、透射电子显微镜和扫描电子显微镜研究了合成 NW 的结构和形态特性。共振测试得到的平均弹性模量为 34.5 GPa,而通过三点弯曲得到的平均值为 75.8 GPa。测得的弹性模量值表明,在考虑将β-Ga2O3 NW应用于未来的纳米级器件之前,需要采用精细可控的β-Ga2O3 NW合成方法,并对其机械性能进行详细的后期检查。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system. 利用耦合悬臂系统增强多频原子力显微镜的高阶模态响应。
IF 2.6 4区 材料科学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.57
Wendong Sun, Jianqiang Qian, Yingzi Li, Yanan Chen, Zhipeng Dou, Rui Lin, Peng Cheng, Xiaodong Gao, Quan Yuan, Yifan Hu

Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) utilizes the multimode operation of cantilevers to achieve rapid high-resolution imaging and extract multiple properties. However, the higher-order modal response of traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than other enhancement methods, making it easier to be widely used. However, previous studies were limited to theoretical analysis and preliminary simulations regarding ideal conditions. In this paper, we undertake a more comprehensive investigation of the coupled system, taking into account the influence of probe and excitation surface sizes on the modal response. To facilitate the exploration of the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the coupled system in practical applications, a macroscale experimental platform is established. By conducting finite element analysis and experiments, we compare the performance of the coupled system with that of traditional cantilevers and quantify the enhancement in higher-order modal response. Also, the optimal conditions for the enhancement of macroscale cantilever modal response are explored. Additionally, we also supplement the characteristics of this model, including increasing the modal frequency of the original cantilever and generating additional resonance peaks, demonstrating the significant potential of the coupled system in various fields of AFM.

多频原子力显微镜(AFM)利用悬臂的多模操作实现快速高分辨率成像并提取多种特性。然而,传统矩形悬臂在空气中的高阶模态响应较弱,影响了多频原子力显微镜检测的灵敏度。为解决这一问题,我们之前提出了一种桥/悬臂耦合系统模型,以增强悬臂的高阶模态响应。与其他增强方法相比,该模型更简单、成本更低,因此更容易得到广泛应用。然而,以往的研究仅限于理论分析和理想条件下的初步模拟。在本文中,我们对耦合系统进行了更全面的研究,考虑了探头和激励面尺寸对模态响应的影响。为了便于探索耦合系统在实际应用中的有效性和最佳条件,我们建立了一个宏观实验平台。通过进行有限元分析和实验,我们比较了耦合系统与传统悬臂的性能,并量化了高阶模态响应的增强效果。同时,我们还探索了增强宏观悬臂模态响应的最佳条件。此外,我们还对该模型的特性进行了补充,包括提高原始悬臂的模态频率和产生额外的共振峰,从而展示了耦合系统在原子力显微镜各个领域的巨大潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Gold nanomakura: nanoarchitectonics and their photothermal response in association with carrageenan hydrogels 纳米金仓:纳米结构及其与卡拉胶水凝胶的光热反应
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-07 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.56
Nabojit Das, ‡. Vikas, Akash Kumar, Sanjeev Soni, R. Rayavarapu
Photothermal conversion of light into heat energy is an intrinsic optical property of metal nanoparticles when irradiated using near-infrared radiation. However, the impact of size and shape on the photothermal behaviour of gold nanomakura particles possessing optical absorption within 600–700 nm as well as on incorporation in hydrogels is not well reported. In this study, nanomakura-shaped anisotropic gold nanoparticles (AuNMs) were synthesized via a surfactant-assisted seed-mediated protocol. Quaternary cationic surfactants having variable carbon tail length (n = 16, 14, 12) were used as capping for tuning the plasmon peak of gold nanomakura within a 600–700 nm wavelength. The aspect ratio as well as anisotropy of synthesized gold nanomakura can influence photothermal response upon near-infrared irradiation. The role of carbon tail length was evident via absorption peaks obtained from longitudinal surface plasmon resonance analysis at 670, 650, and 630 nm in CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of morphology and surrounding milieu of the synthesized nanomakuras on photothermal conversion is investigated owing to their retention of plasmonic stability. Interestingly, we found that photothermal conversion was exclusively assigned to morphological features (i.e., nanoparticles of higher aspect ratio showed higher temperature change and vice versa irrespective of the surfactant used). To enable biofunctionality and stability, we used kappa-carrageenan- (k-CG) based hydrogels for incorporating the nanomakuras and further assessed their photothermal response. Nanomakura particles in association with k-CG were also able to show photothermal conversion, depicting their ability to interact with light without hindrance. The CTAB-AuNM, MTAB-AuNM, and DTAB-AuNM after incorporation into hydrogel beads attained up to ≈17.2, ≈17.2, and ≈15.7 °C, respectively. On the other hand, gold nanorods after incorporation into k-CG did not yield much photothermal response as compared to that of AuNMs. The results showed a promising platform to utilize nanomakura particles along with kappa-carrageenan hydrogels for enabling usage on nanophotonic, photothermal, and bio-imaging applications.
用近红外辐射照射金属纳米粒子时,光能转化为热能是其固有的光学特性。然而,关于尺寸和形状对具有 600-700 纳米光吸收的纳米樱金粒子的光热行为以及与水凝胶结合的影响,目前还没有很好的报道。本研究通过表面活性剂辅助的种子介导方案合成了纳米樱形各向异性金纳米粒子(AuNMs)。具有可变碳尾部长度(n = 16、14、12)的季铵阳离子表面活性剂被用作封端,用于在 600-700 纳米波长范围内调节纳米金马库拉的等离子峰。合成的金纳米村的长宽比和各向异性会影响近红外照射时的光热响应。在 CTAB-AuNM、MTAB-AuNM 和 DTAB-AuNM 中,通过纵向表面等离子体共振分析获得的吸收峰分别在 670、650 和 630 纳米波长处,碳尾长度的作用显而易见。此外,我们还研究了合成的纳米瘤的形态和周围环境对光热转换的影响,因为它们保持了等离子体稳定性。有趣的是,我们发现光热转换完全归因于形态特征(即无论使用何种表面活性剂,高宽比的纳米粒子显示出更高的温度变化,反之亦然)。为了实现生物功能性和稳定性,我们使用了基于卡帕卡拉胶(k-CG)的水凝胶来加入纳米樱,并进一步评估了它们的光热反应。与 k-CG 结合在一起的纳米樱颗粒也能进行光热转换,这说明它们能够不受阻碍地与光相互作用。将 CTAB-AuNM、MTAB-AuNM 和 DTAB-AuNM 加入水凝胶珠后,温度分别高达 ≈17.2、≈17.2 和 ≈15.7℃。另一方面,与 AuNMs 相比,掺入 k-CG 后的金纳米棒产生的光热响应并不明显。研究结果表明,纳米樱颗粒与卡帕卡拉胶水凝胶是一个很有前景的平台,可用于纳米光子、光热和生物成像应用。
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引用次数: 0
Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales 功能性纤维界面:生物毛发的跨尺度灵感
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-06 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.55
Guillermo J Amador, Brett Klaassen van Oorschot, Caiying Liao, Jianing Wu, Da Wei
Hair, or hair-like fibrillar structures, are ubiquitous in biology, from fur on the bodies of mammals, over trichomes of plants, to the mastigonemes on the flagella of single-celled organisms. While these long and slender protuberances are passive, they are multifunctional and help to mediate interactions with the environment. They provide thermal insulation, sensory information, reversible adhesion, and surface modulation (e.g., superhydrophobicity). This review will present various functions that biological hairs have been discovered to carry out, with the hairs spanning across six orders of magnitude in size, from the millimeter-thick fur of mammals down to the nanometer-thick fibrillar ultrastructures on bateriophages. The hairs are categorized according to their functions, including protection (e.g., thermal regulation and defense), locomotion, feeding, and sensing. By understanding the versatile functions of biological hairs, bio-inspired solutions may be developed across length scales.
毛发或类似毛发的纤维状结构在生物学中无处不在,从哺乳动物身上的毛皮、植物的毛状体到单细胞生物鞭毛上的乳突。虽然这些细长的突起是被动的,但它们具有多种功能,有助于调解与环境的相互作用。它们提供隔热、感官信息、可逆粘附和表面调节(如超疏水性)。本综述将介绍已发现的生物毛发所具有的各种功能,毛发的大小跨越六个数量级,从哺乳动物毫米厚的皮毛到噬菌体上纳米厚的纤维超微结构。毛发根据其功能进行分类,包括保护(如热调节和防御)、运动、进食和感知。通过了解生物绒毛的多种功能,可以开发出跨长度尺度的生物启发解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives 在有机溶剂中激光合成纳米颗粒--产品、反应和前景
IF 3.1 4区 材料科学 Q1 Physics and Astronomy Pub Date : 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.54
Th. Fromme, S. Reichenberger, K. Tibbetts, Stephan Barcikowski
Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) is an established method for producing functional and durable nanomaterials and catalysts in virtually any liquid of choice. While the redox reactions during laser synthesis in water are fairly well understood, the corresponding reactions in organic liquids remain elusive, particularly because of the much greater complexity of carbon chemistry. To this end, this article first reviews the knowledge base of chemical reactions during LSPC and then deduces identifiable reaction pathways and mechanisms. This review also includes findings that are specific to the LSPC method variants laser ablation (LAL), fragmentation (LFL), melting (LML), and reduction (LRL) in organic liquids. A particular focus will be set on permanent gases, liquid hydrocarbons, and solid, carbonaceous species generated, including the formation of doped, compounded, and encapsulated nanoparticles. It will be shown how the choice of solvent, synthesis method, and laser parameters influence the nanostructure formation as well as the amount and chain length of the generated polyyne by-products. Finally, theoretical approaches to address the mechanisms of organic liquid decomposition and carbon shell formation are highlighted and discussed regarding current challenges and future perspectives of LSPC using organic liquids instead of water.
激光合成和胶体加工(LSPC)是一种成熟的方法,几乎可以在任何液体中生产功能性和耐用的纳米材料和催化剂。虽然人们对激光在水中合成过程中的氧化还原反应相当了解,但对有机液体中的相应反应仍难以捉摸,特别是因为碳化学的复杂性要高得多。为此,本文首先回顾了 LSPC 过程中化学反应的知识基础,然后推断出可识别的反应途径和机制。本综述还包括针对有机液体中 LSPC 方法变体激光烧蚀(LAL)、破碎(LFL)、熔化(LML)和还原(LRL)的研究成果。重点将放在生成的永久气体、液态碳氢化合物和固态碳质物种上,包括掺杂、复合和封装纳米粒子的形成。研究将展示溶剂、合成方法和激光参数的选择如何影响纳米结构的形成,以及生成的聚炔副产品的数量和链长。最后,重点介绍了解决有机液体分解和碳壳形成机制的理论方法,并讨论了使用有机液体代替水的 LSPC 目前面临的挑战和未来前景。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
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