Pub Date : 2025-11-04eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.134
Mikhail Tarasov, Mikhail Fominskii, Aleksandra Gunbina, Artem Krasilnikov, Maria Mansfeld, Dmitrii Kukushkin, Andrei Maruhno, Valeria Ievleva, Mikhail Strelkov, Daniil Zhogov, Konstantin Arutyunov, Vyacheslav Vdovin, Vladislav Stolyarov, Valerian Edelman
The superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) tunnel junction structure is the basic building block for various cryogenic devices. Microwave detectors, electron coolers, primary thermometers, and Aharonov-Bohm interferometers have been fabricated by various methods and measured at temperatures down to 100 mK. The manufacturing methods included Dolan-type shadow evaporation, Manhattan-type shadow evaporation, and magnetron sputtering with selective etching of superconducting and normal metal electrodes. Improvement in ultimate sensitivity is achieved by suspending the absorber above the substrate. Best responsivity of up to 30 electrons per photon at a frequency of 350 GHz, or 72000 A/W, and voltage responsivity up to 3.9 × 109 V/W were obtained with a black body radiation source and series of band-pass filters. The specially designed SINIS arrays are intended to detect 90 GHz radiation at the "Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal" (romanized Russian: "Bolshoi Teleskop Alt-azimutalnyi", BTA) with noise equivalent power of less than 10-16 W·Hz-1/2. The receiver in a 3He cryostat with an optical window was mounted at the Nasmyth focus of the BTA and tested at a temperature of 260 mK with a IMPATT diode radiation source.
{"title":"Quantum circuits with SINIS structures.","authors":"Mikhail Tarasov, Mikhail Fominskii, Aleksandra Gunbina, Artem Krasilnikov, Maria Mansfeld, Dmitrii Kukushkin, Andrei Maruhno, Valeria Ievleva, Mikhail Strelkov, Daniil Zhogov, Konstantin Arutyunov, Vyacheslav Vdovin, Vladislav Stolyarov, Valerian Edelman","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.134","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) tunnel junction structure is the basic building block for various cryogenic devices. Microwave detectors, electron coolers, primary thermometers, and Aharonov-Bohm interferometers have been fabricated by various methods and measured at temperatures down to 100 mK. The manufacturing methods included Dolan-type shadow evaporation, Manhattan-type shadow evaporation, and magnetron sputtering with selective etching of superconducting and normal metal electrodes. Improvement in ultimate sensitivity is achieved by suspending the absorber above the substrate. Best responsivity of up to 30 electrons per photon at a frequency of 350 GHz, or 72000 A/W, and voltage responsivity up to 3.9 × 10<sup>9</sup> V/W were obtained with a black body radiation source and series of band-pass filters. The specially designed SINIS arrays are intended to detect 90 GHz radiation at the \"Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal\" (romanized Russian: \"Bolshoi Teleskop Alt-azimutalnyi\", BTA) with noise equivalent power of less than 10<sup>-16</sup> W·Hz<sup>-1/2</sup>. The receiver in a <sup>3</sup>He cryostat with an optical window was mounted at the Nasmyth focus of the BTA and tested at a temperature of 260 mK with a IMPATT diode radiation source.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1931-1941"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12599397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145494318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.133
Peiyang Gao
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become significant vehicles in the delivery of therapeutic substances, particularly for nucleic acid vaccines and gene therapies. A key component in the nanoparticle formulation is polyethylene glycol-modified (i.e., PEGylated) lipids (PEG lipids), which can significantly influence the stability, cell interactions, and overall effectiveness of LNP delivery vehicles. This review collates insights into the role of PEG lipids in LNPs by illustrating how the PEG chains arrange on the nanoparticle surface and the potential impacts on LNPs' physicochemical properties by varying surface PEG density or PEG chemistry. Subsequently, PEG conformations are discussed in terms of their modulation of protein corona formation, cellular uptake, and immunogenic responses, particularly the pathways of anti-PEG antibody production and complement activation. Building on these understandings, functionalized PEG lipids are reviewed for ligand conjugation and targeted LNP delivery function. Promising alternatives to replace the benchmark PEG lipids are also systematically reviewed to address PEGylation associated immunogenicity. By conducting a critical analysis of the recent literature and identifying potent candidates for PEGylation strategies or PEG-free platforms, this review aims to provide insights and support the advancement of LNP mediated delivery.
{"title":"PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation.","authors":"Peiyang Gao","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.133","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become significant vehicles in the delivery of therapeutic substances, particularly for nucleic acid vaccines and gene therapies. A key component in the nanoparticle formulation is polyethylene glycol-modified (i.e., PEGylated) lipids (PEG lipids), which can significantly influence the stability, cell interactions, and overall effectiveness of LNP delivery vehicles. This review collates insights into the role of PEG lipids in LNPs by illustrating how the PEG chains arrange on the nanoparticle surface and the potential impacts on LNPs' physicochemical properties by varying surface PEG density or PEG chemistry. Subsequently, PEG conformations are discussed in terms of their modulation of protein corona formation, cellular uptake, and immunogenic responses, particularly the pathways of anti-PEG antibody production and complement activation. Building on these understandings, functionalized PEG lipids are reviewed for ligand conjugation and targeted LNP delivery function. Promising alternatives to replace the benchmark PEG lipids are also systematically reviewed to address PEGylation associated immunogenicity. By conducting a critical analysis of the recent literature and identifying potent candidates for PEGylation strategies or PEG-free platforms, this review aims to provide insights and support the advancement of LNP mediated delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1914-1930"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12580994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145443669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.132
Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva, Douglas Dourado, Thayse Silva Medeiros, Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú, Maria Cecilia Queiroga Dos Santos, Daiane Rodrigues Dos Santos, Mylena Lemos Dos Santos, Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein, Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa, Fabio Rocha Formiga
Mosquitoes of the Aedes genus are responsible for the transmission of arboviruses that seriously affect public health. Given the increasing resistance to traditional insecticides and their negative environmental impacts, the need for safer alternatives arises. In this context, natural produts such as essential oils (EOs) have been studied for their larvicidal and repellent properties against Aedes aegypti, due to the presence of compounds such as terpenoids and phenols. However, the usage of EOs is limited due to some properties such as poor water solubility, high volatility, and intrinsic oxidation sensitivity. Thus, the development of novel formulations to efficiently deliver bioactives represents an innovative approach for Aedes aegypti control. In this context, nanothecnology provides smart formulations with improved drug solubility, controlled release, and protection against degradation. Nanoemulsions are colloidal systems with droplets of 20 to 500 nm, which improve the dispersion of the compounds, protect their active properties, and enhance their efficacy. This review addresses the potential of nanoemulsions as efficient carriers of EOs, and how this approach could emerge as ecological alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Herein, the focus was kept on targeting larvicidal and repellent activities against Ae. aegypti. For that, 23 studies were analyzed, which demonstrated a significant increase in the efficacy of nanoemulsions with EOs compared to that of free EOs, in both activities. However, the repellent activity has been less explored, present in only three of the studies evaluated, in the last 10 years. Correlatingh with this, other aspects such as botanical species of EOs, mechanisms of action, composition, and characteristics of nanoemulsions are discussed. In addition, this review highlights challenges and perspectives on pharmaceutical nanotechnology towards nanoemulsions as safe, effective, and eco-friendly tools for controlling Ae. Aegypti.
{"title":"Targeting the vector of arboviruses <i>Aedes aegypti</i> with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties.","authors":"Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva, Douglas Dourado, Thayse Silva Medeiros, Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú, Maria Cecilia Queiroga Dos Santos, Daiane Rodrigues Dos Santos, Mylena Lemos Dos Santos, Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein, Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa, Fabio Rocha Formiga","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.132","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.132","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes of the <i>Aedes</i> genus are responsible for the transmission of arboviruses that seriously affect public health. Given the increasing resistance to traditional insecticides and their negative environmental impacts, the need for safer alternatives arises. In this context, natural produts such as essential oils (EOs) have been studied for their larvicidal and repellent properties against <i>Aedes aegypti</i>, due to the presence of compounds such as terpenoids and phenols. However, the usage of EOs is limited due to some properties such as poor water solubility, high volatility, and intrinsic oxidation sensitivity. Thus, the development of novel formulations to efficiently deliver bioactives represents an innovative approach for <i>Aedes aegypti</i> control. In this context, nanothecnology provides smart formulations with improved drug solubility, controlled release, and protection against degradation. Nanoemulsions are colloidal systems with droplets of 20 to 500 nm, which improve the dispersion of the compounds, protect their active properties, and enhance their efficacy. This review addresses the potential of nanoemulsions as efficient carriers of EOs, and how this approach could emerge as ecological alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Herein, the focus was kept on targeting larvicidal and repellent activities against <i>Ae. aegypti</i>. For that, 23 studies were analyzed, which demonstrated a significant increase in the efficacy of nanoemulsions with EOs compared to that of free EOs, in both activities. However, the repellent activity has been less explored, present in only three of the studies evaluated, in the last 10 years. Correlatingh with this, other aspects such as botanical species of EOs, mechanisms of action, composition, and characteristics of nanoemulsions are discussed. In addition, this review highlights challenges and perspectives on pharmaceutical nanotechnology towards nanoemulsions as safe, effective, and eco-friendly tools for controlling <i>Ae. Aegypti.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1894-1913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12581004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145443834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.131
Vsevolod I Ruzhickiy, Anastasia A Maksimovskaya, Sergey V Bakurskiy, Andrey E Schegolev, Maxim V Tereshonok, Mikhail Yu Kupriyanov, Nikolay V Klenov, Igor I Soloviev
We demonstrate the programmable control of kinetic soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction (all-JJ) networks through a novel tunable cell design. This cell enables on-demand switching of transmission lines and operates across defined parameter regimes supporting diverse dynamical modes. By introducing a structural asymmetry into a transmission line, we implement a Josephson diode that enforces unidirectional soliton propagation. The programmability of the kinetic inductance then provides a crucial mechanism to selectively enable or disable this diode functionality. By engineering artificial inhomogeneity into the circuit architecture, we enhance robustness in all-JJ logic circuits, 2D transmission line all-JJ lattices, and neuromorphic computing systems.
{"title":"Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks.","authors":"Vsevolod I Ruzhickiy, Anastasia A Maksimovskaya, Sergey V Bakurskiy, Andrey E Schegolev, Maxim V Tereshonok, Mikhail Yu Kupriyanov, Nikolay V Klenov, Igor I Soloviev","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.131","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate the programmable control of kinetic soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction (all-JJ) networks through a novel tunable cell design. This cell enables on-demand switching of transmission lines and operates across defined parameter regimes supporting diverse dynamical modes. By introducing a structural asymmetry into a transmission line, we implement a Josephson diode that enforces unidirectional soliton propagation. The programmability of the kinetic inductance then provides a crucial mechanism to selectively enable or disable this diode functionality. By engineering artificial inhomogeneity into the circuit architecture, we enhance robustness in all-JJ logic circuits, 2D transmission line all-JJ lattices, and neuromorphic computing systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1883-1893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12581002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145443869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.130
Ermes Scarano, Elisabet K Arvidsson, August K Roos, Erik Holmgren, Riccardo Borgani, Mats O Tholén, David B Haviland
We demonstrate atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging with a microcantilever force transducer where an integrated superconducting microwave resonant circuit detects cantilever deflection using the principles of cavity optomechanics. We discuss the detector responsivity and added noise, pointing to its crucial role in the context of force sensitivity. Through analysis of noise measurements we determine the effective temperature of the cantilever eigenmode and we determine the region of detector operation in which the sensor is thermal-noise-limited. Our analysis shows that the force-sensor design is a significant improvement over piezoelectric force sensors commonly used in low-temperature AFM. We discuss the potential for further improvement of the sensor design to achieve optimal detection at the standard quantum limit. We demonstrate AFM operation with surface-tracking feedback in both amplitude-modulation and frequency-modulation modes.
{"title":"Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer.","authors":"Ermes Scarano, Elisabet K Arvidsson, August K Roos, Erik Holmgren, Riccardo Borgani, Mats O Tholén, David B Haviland","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.130","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrate atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging with a microcantilever force transducer where an integrated superconducting microwave resonant circuit detects cantilever deflection using the principles of cavity optomechanics. We discuss the detector responsivity and added noise, pointing to its crucial role in the context of force sensitivity. Through analysis of noise measurements we determine the effective temperature of the cantilever eigenmode and we determine the region of detector operation in which the sensor is thermal-noise-limited. Our analysis shows that the force-sensor design is a significant improvement over piezoelectric force sensors commonly used in low-temperature AFM. We discuss the potential for further improvement of the sensor design to achieve optimal detection at the standard quantum limit. We demonstrate AFM operation with surface-tracking feedback in both amplitude-modulation and frequency-modulation modes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1873-1882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.129
Shrutika Sawant, Anne Marie Power, J Gerard Wall
Marine organisms such as barnacles rely on a complex underwater adhesive system, driven by self-assembly and intermolecular associations between cement proteins, for permanent attachment to a variety of surface types. In this study, we investigated the influence of environmental parameters on the self-assembly of recombinant cp19k, a key adhesive protein in Pollicipes pollicipes. Using TEM imaging, a low pH (4.0) and high salt concentration (600 mM NaCl) environment, mimicking P. pollicipes gland conditions, was identified to promote the formation of extended, needle-like fibrils by the cp19k protein. The β-amyloid nature of fibrils formed under these conditions and at high pH/low salt concentration was confirmed by Thioflavin T assay. Non-fibrillar cp19k adhered most effectively to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces under low pH/low salt concentration conditions, while pre-formed fibrils retained their adhesion ability upon switching to a high pH/high salt concentration environment, which was designed to mimic the change in the protein environment upon secretion in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that fibril formation occurs in the acidic, iso-osmotic gland of the barnacle, with delayed cement curing enabling fibril secretion for sustained adhesion of the organism. The study provides insight into the environmental sensitivity of cp19k structure-function dynamics and may support the design of bioinspired adhesives and biomaterials.
藤壶等海洋生物依靠复杂的水下粘附系统,由水泥蛋白之间的自组装和分子间结合驱动,永久附着在各种表面类型上。在这项研究中,我们研究了环境参数对重组蛋白cp19k自组装的影响。通过TEM成像,我们发现低pH(4.0)和高盐浓度(600 mM NaCl)的环境,模拟了P. policipes的腺体条件,促进cp19k蛋白形成延长的针状原纤维。在这些条件下和高pH/低盐浓度下形成的原纤维具有β-淀粉样质的性质。非纤原cp19k在低pH/低盐浓度条件下对亲水性和疏水性表面的粘附最有效,而预形成的原纤维在切换到高pH/高盐浓度环境后仍保持其粘附能力,这是为了模拟体内分泌时蛋白质环境的变化。这些发现支持了一种假设,即藤壶的酸性等渗透腺中形成了纤维,延迟的水泥固化使纤维的分泌能够维持生物体的粘附。该研究为cp19k结构-功能动力学的环境敏感性提供了深入的见解,并可能为仿生粘合剂和生物材料的设计提供支持。
{"title":"Self-assembly and adhesive properties of <i>Pollicipes pollicipes</i> barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength.","authors":"Shrutika Sawant, Anne Marie Power, J Gerard Wall","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.129","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine organisms such as barnacles rely on a complex underwater adhesive system, driven by self-assembly and intermolecular associations between cement proteins, for permanent attachment to a variety of surface types. In this study, we investigated the influence of environmental parameters on the self-assembly of recombinant cp19k, a key adhesive protein in <i>Pollicipes pollicipes</i>. Using TEM imaging, a low pH (4.0) and high salt concentration (600 mM NaCl) environment, mimicking <i>P. pollicipes</i> gland conditions, was identified to promote the formation of extended, needle-like fibrils by the cp19k protein. The β-amyloid nature of fibrils formed under these conditions and at high pH/low salt concentration was confirmed by Thioflavin T assay. Non-fibrillar cp19k adhered most effectively to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces under low pH/low salt concentration conditions, while pre-formed fibrils retained their adhesion ability upon switching to a high pH/high salt concentration environment, which was designed to mimic the change in the protein environment upon secretion in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that fibril formation occurs in the acidic, iso-osmotic gland of the barnacle, with delayed cement curing enabling fibril secretion for sustained adhesion of the organism. The study provides insight into the environmental sensitivity of cp19k structure-function dynamics and may support the design of bioinspired adhesives and biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1863-1872"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-22eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.128
Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva, Joice Catiane Soares Martins, Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz, Júlio Abreu Miranda, Danilo Rodrigues de Souza, Éverton do Nascimento Alencar, Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa, Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza
The growing interest in green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles reflects a global shift toward sustainable, eco-friendly technologies in biomedical innovation, particularly in dentistry. This scoping review examines the rising focus on these nanoparticles regarding their antimicrobial, regenerative, and therapeutic potential in dental applications. Among the metals studied, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles dominate because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and enhanced biocompatibility, achieved through phytochemically mediated synthesis. Conventional nanoparticle production often relies on toxic reagents and energy-intensive processes, posing environmental and clinical challenges. In contrast, green synthesis, using plant extracts, fungi, or bacteria, offers a sustainable alternative by leveraging natural reducing agents like polyphenols and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds not only facilitate nanoparticle formation but also improve stability and biological efficacy, making them ideal for dental applications such as caries prevention, endodontic disinfection, and periodontal regeneration. Our analysis of 98 studies reveals India as the leading contributor (78.6%), driven by its rich biodiversity and strong research infrastructure. Key plant families including Lamiaceae and Fabaceae were frequently employed due to their high phenolic content. Despite promising results, gaps remain, such as the predominance of in vitro studies (68.7%) and insufficient cytotoxicity assessments (47.8%), underscoring the need for translational research. This review highlights the transformative potential of green-synthesized nanoparticles in dentistry, merging technological advancement with ecological responsibility. Future work should prioritize clinical trials, long-term safety evaluations, and standardized protocols to fully realize their therapeutic benefits.
{"title":"On the road to sustainability - application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review.","authors":"Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva, Joice Catiane Soares Martins, Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz, Júlio Abreu Miranda, Danilo Rodrigues de Souza, Éverton do Nascimento Alencar, Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa, Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.128","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing interest in green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles reflects a global shift toward sustainable, eco-friendly technologies in biomedical innovation, particularly in dentistry. This scoping review examines the rising focus on these nanoparticles regarding their antimicrobial, regenerative, and therapeutic potential in dental applications. Among the metals studied, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles dominate because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and enhanced biocompatibility, achieved through phytochemically mediated synthesis. Conventional nanoparticle production often relies on toxic reagents and energy-intensive processes, posing environmental and clinical challenges. In contrast, green synthesis, using plant extracts, fungi, or bacteria, offers a sustainable alternative by leveraging natural reducing agents like polyphenols and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds not only facilitate nanoparticle formation but also improve stability and biological efficacy, making them ideal for dental applications such as caries prevention, endodontic disinfection, and periodontal regeneration. Our analysis of 98 studies reveals India as the leading contributor (78.6%), driven by its rich biodiversity and strong research infrastructure. Key plant families including Lamiaceae and Fabaceae were frequently employed due to their high phenolic content. Despite promising results, gaps remain, such as the predominance of in vitro studies (68.7%) and insufficient cytotoxicity assessments (47.8%), underscoring the need for translational research. This review highlights the transformative potential of green-synthesized nanoparticles in dentistry, merging technological advancement with ecological responsibility. Future work should prioritize clinical trials, long-term safety evaluations, and standardized protocols to fully realize their therapeutic benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1851-1862"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.126
Victória Louise Pinto Freire, Mariana Farias Alves-Silva, Johny W de Freitas Oliveira, Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa, Alianda Maira Cornélio, Marcelo de Souza-Silva, Thayse Silva Medeiros, Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior
Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania spp., is a neglected tropical disease that poses a significant challenge to the public health in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly low-income individuals. Current therapies are limited due to severe adverse reactions to currently available drugs, high cost, low patient adherence, and even the emergence of resistant strains. Examining safer and more effective alternatives, natural compounds such as phytol - a diterpene derived from chlorophyll - have attracted attention due to their broad biological activities. To increase their solubility, stability, and cell delivery, nanotechnology-based systems, such as nanoemulsions (NEs), represent a promising approach. In this study, soybean oil nanoemulsions loaded with phytol (PHYT-NE) were developed using the phase inversion composition (PIC) method, and then characterized and evaluated. The PHYT-NE had a mean droplet diameter close to 200 nm, a polydispersity index of less than 0.2, spherical shape, and a pH value compatible with cutaneous application. The formulation showed high colloidal stability for at least 30 days of storage and at least 15 days even under stress conditions, with no signs of macroscopic instability or changes in droplet size. The cytocompatibility of NEs was confirmed in 3T3 fibroblasts at the concentrations tested, indicating potential safety for in vivo trials. Notably, PHYT-NE exhibited significant time-dependent leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes, with lower IC50 values (up to five times lower at 48 hours) and up to 75% parasite death after 48 hours, showing greater antiparasitic activity compared to that of free phytol. Although the use of promastigotes represents a limitation, this model was used as a proof-of-concept, with promising evidence of the potential of PHYT-NE. Future studies in macrophage models infected with intracellular amastigotes will be essential to confirm the observed efficacy and validate the potential of PHYT-NE as a safe and effective topical therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis.
{"title":"Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i>.","authors":"Victória Louise Pinto Freire, Mariana Farias Alves-Silva, Johny W de Freitas Oliveira, Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa, Alianda Maira Cornélio, Marcelo de Souza-Silva, Thayse Silva Medeiros, Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.126","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis, caused by protozoa of the genus <i>Leishmania</i> spp., is a neglected tropical disease that poses a significant challenge to the public health in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly low-income individuals. Current therapies are limited due to severe adverse reactions to currently available drugs, high cost, low patient adherence, and even the emergence of resistant strains. Examining safer and more effective alternatives, natural compounds such as phytol - a diterpene derived from chlorophyll - have attracted attention due to their broad biological activities. To increase their solubility, stability, and cell delivery, nanotechnology-based systems, such as nanoemulsions (NEs), represent a promising approach. In this study, soybean oil nanoemulsions loaded with phytol (PHYT-NE) were developed using the phase inversion composition (PIC) method, and then characterized and evaluated. The PHYT-NE had a mean droplet diameter close to 200 nm, a polydispersity index of less than 0.2, spherical shape, and a pH value compatible with cutaneous application. The formulation showed high colloidal stability for at least 30 days of storage and at least 15 days even under stress conditions, with no signs of macroscopic instability or changes in droplet size. The cytocompatibility of NEs was confirmed in 3T3 fibroblasts at the concentrations tested, indicating potential safety for in vivo trials. Notably, PHYT-NE exhibited significant time-dependent leishmanicidal activity against <i>Leishmania amazonensis</i> promastigotes, with lower IC<sub>50</sub> values (up to five times lower at 48 hours) and up to 75% parasite death after 48 hours, showing greater antiparasitic activity compared to that of free phytol. Although the use of promastigotes represents a limitation, this model was used as a proof-of-concept, with promising evidence of the potential of PHYT-NE. Future studies in macrophage models infected with intracellular amastigotes will be essential to confirm the observed efficacy and validate the potential of PHYT-NE as a safe and effective topical therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1826-1836"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-21eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.127
Nguyen Thi Nhan, Tran Le Luu
The widespread use of plastic has led to microplastics (MPs) being released in many water sources. MP contamination in water supply systems is a global concern due to their persistence and ability to adsorb toxic pollutants. Despite having effectiveness, conventional water treatment processes still have limited efficiency in removing MPs, especially smaller particles. Thus, it requires researchers to develop effective and sustainable strategies to deal with this matter. Many studies have shown that adsorbent nanomaterials have potential for the removal of MPs from water. This review evaluates the current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials in removing MPs from water supply systems. It discusses the occurrences and removal efficiency of MPs in water supply systems, as well as the mechanisms and performance when applying these materials for treatment. In addition, the related risk of adsorbent nanomaterials is also considered. Microplastics from land-based sources and wastewater plants persist in water supplies, with conventional treatments removing only 40-70%, especially struggling with smaller particles. Based mainly on mechanisms like electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and surface complexation, adsorbent nanomaterials achieve over 90% removal of MPs and can recovery. Their effectiveness depends on material properties and environmental factors, but challenges remain in scale-up and related risks. Adsorbent nanomaterials show promising potential to enhance MP removal through specific properties. Although some related risks are discussed, these materials provide a foundation for developing sustainable, effective solutions to mitigate MPs pollution in the water supply system.
{"title":"Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review.","authors":"Nguyen Thi Nhan, Tran Le Luu","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.127","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The widespread use of plastic has led to microplastics (MPs) being released in many water sources. MP contamination in water supply systems is a global concern due to their persistence and ability to adsorb toxic pollutants. Despite having effectiveness, conventional water treatment processes still have limited efficiency in removing MPs, especially smaller particles. Thus, it requires researchers to develop effective and sustainable strategies to deal with this matter. Many studies have shown that adsorbent nanomaterials have potential for the removal of MPs from water. This review evaluates the current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials in removing MPs from water supply systems. It discusses the occurrences and removal efficiency of MPs in water supply systems, as well as the mechanisms and performance when applying these materials for treatment. In addition, the related risk of adsorbent nanomaterials is also considered. Microplastics from land-based sources and wastewater plants persist in water supplies, with conventional treatments removing only 40-70%, especially struggling with smaller particles. Based mainly on mechanisms like electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, pore filling, hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, and surface complexation, adsorbent nanomaterials achieve over 90% removal of MPs and can recovery. Their effectiveness depends on material properties and environmental factors, but challenges remain in scale-up and related risks. Adsorbent nanomaterials show promising potential to enhance MP removal through specific properties. Although some related risks are discussed, these materials provide a foundation for developing sustainable, effective solutions to mitigate MPs pollution in the water supply system.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1837-1850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557419/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20eCollection Date: 2025-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.124
Evgeniy S Seliverstov, Evgeniya A Tarasenko, Olga E Lebedeva
Recent research in alternate sources of energy such as piezoelectric energy conversion devices has positioned layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as promising candidates among the other two-dimensional materials. With their unique flexible layered structure, LDHs hold great potential for piezocatalysis and powering smart wearable electronics. Despite their promise, this area of study is still in its infancy and this review explores its recent advances. The discussion encompasses LDH-based piezoelectric nanogenerators, piezocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic properties of LDHs, and composite material synergies that enhance the overall electroactive performance. Looking to the future, systematic research into the effects of LDHs' composition and structure on piezoelectric properties will be crucial to unlock their full potential. This mini-review aims to inspire the audience with valuable ideas for the development of new LDH-based piezoelectric materials, thereby contributing to the development of next-generation high-performance piezoelectric devices.
{"title":"Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators.","authors":"Evgeniy S Seliverstov, Evgeniya A Tarasenko, Olga E Lebedeva","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.16.124","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.16.124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research in alternate sources of energy such as piezoelectric energy conversion devices has positioned layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as promising candidates among the other two-dimensional materials. With their unique flexible layered structure, LDHs hold great potential for piezocatalysis and powering smart wearable electronics. Despite their promise, this area of study is still in its infancy and this review explores its recent advances. The discussion encompasses LDH-based piezoelectric nanogenerators, piezocatalytic and piezo-photocatalytic properties of LDHs, and composite material synergies that enhance the overall electroactive performance. Looking to the future, systematic research into the effects of LDHs' composition and structure on piezoelectric properties will be crucial to unlock their full potential. This mini-review aims to inspire the audience with valuable ideas for the development of new LDH-based piezoelectric materials, thereby contributing to the development of next-generation high-performance piezoelectric devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"16 ","pages":"1812-1817"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12557415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145385295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}