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Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges. 液体激光烧蚀合成纳米材料:现状与挑战。
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-11-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.137
Natalie Tarasenka

Shape-and size-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials has been a long-term aim and challenge of modern nanotechnology. Despite many synthesis methods are still mainly focused on the production of near-spherical NPs, a number of emerging applications require nanomaterials of nonspherical shape and developed surface, which determine the functional performance of nanostructured devices. Laser ablation in liquids has been demonstrated as a clean, simple, and versatile NP synthesis method. However, the conditions of NP formation and growth are favouring the production of spherical NPs. There are fewer studies of shape control during laser ablation. With that in mind, this perspective article represents a view on the current stage of the development of laser ablation in liquids from the perspective of shape control of the forming nanomaterials. The key parameters influencing the NP shape are highlighted, including the composition of a liquid, laser focusing conditions and introduction of external fields, and the mechanism of their impact on the conditions for anisotropic NP formation and growth. The description of the methods developed for the control over nanomaterial morphology is summarized by the vision of the current challenges and development routes of laser ablation in liquids.

纳米材料的形状和尺寸控制合成一直是现代纳米技术的长期目标和挑战。尽管许多合成方法仍然主要集中在近球形纳米粒子的生产上,但许多新兴应用需要非球形和发达表面的纳米材料,这决定了纳米结构器件的功能性能。液体激光烧蚀已被证明是一种清洁、简单、通用的NP合成方法。然而,NP的形成和生长条件有利于球形NP的产生。关于激光烧蚀过程中形状控制的研究较少。鉴于此,本文从纳米材料成形的形状控制角度对液体激光烧蚀的发展现状进行了展望。重点介绍了影响NP形状的关键参数,包括液体的组成、激光聚焦条件和外场的引入,以及它们对各向异性NP形成和生长条件的影响机制。概述了纳米材料形态控制方法的发展,展望了液体激光烧蚀目前面临的挑战和发展方向。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis. 原子力显微镜热偏转分析的短期傅里叶变换使机械性能测量成为可能。
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-11-06 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.136
Thomas Mathias, Roland Bennewitz, Philip Egberts

Contact resonance atomic force microscopy (CR-AFM) has been used in many studies to characterize variations in the elastic and viscoelastic constants of materials along a heterogeneous surface. In almost all experimental work, the quantitative modulus of the surface is calculated in reference to a known reference material, rather than calculated directly from the dynamics models of the cantilever. We measured the cantilever displacement with very high sampling frequencies over the course of the experiment and captured its oscillations that result from thermal energy. Using short-term Fourier transformations, it was possible to fit the thermal resonance peak of the normal displacement to track the frequency and Q-factor of the cantilever during an experiment, using a similar process to that used to calibrate the normal bending stiffness of cantilevers. With this quantitative data, we have used the dynamic mechanics models relating the contact stiffness of the tip/cantilever pressing into a surface with the oscillation frequency of the cantilever and show that they did not accurately model the experiment. Several material combinations of tip and sample were examined; tip size and cantilever stiffness demonstrate that existing models cannot capture the physics of this problem. While concrete solutions to use analytical models to interpret CR-AFM data have not been found, a possible solution may include revisiting the analytical model to capture a potentially more complex system than the current model, improved matching the cantilever/sample stiffness to obtain a larger variation in contact stiffness with frequency, or investigating the use of higher-order modes that may achieve this improved match.

接触共振原子力显微镜(CR-AFM)已在许多研究中用于表征材料沿非均质表面的弹性和粘弹性常数的变化。在几乎所有的实验工作中,表面的定量模量是根据已知的参考材料计算的,而不是直接从悬臂梁的动力学模型计算的。在实验过程中,我们用非常高的采样频率测量了悬臂位移,并捕获了由热能引起的振荡。使用短期傅里叶变换,可以拟合法向位移的热共振峰值,以跟踪实验期间悬臂梁的频率和q因子,使用与用于校准悬臂梁的法向弯曲刚度类似的过程。有了这些定量数据,我们使用了动态力学模型,将尖端/悬臂压入表面的接触刚度与悬臂的振荡频率联系起来,并表明它们不能准确地模拟实验。研究了几种尖端和样品的材料组合;尖端尺寸和悬臂刚度表明,现有的模型不能捕捉到这个问题的物理性质。虽然还没有找到使用分析模型来解释CR-AFM数据的具体解决方案,但可能的解决方案可能包括重新访问分析模型以捕获可能比当前模型更复杂的系统,改进匹配悬臂梁/样品刚度以获得接触刚度随频率的更大变化,或者研究使用高阶模式来实现这种改进的匹配。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis. 通过固层分解分析评价聚焦离子束诱导沉积的金属有机前驱体。
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-11-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.135
Benedykt R Jany, Katarzyna Madajska, Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak, Franciszek Krok, Iwona B Szymańska

The development of modern metal deposition techniques like focused ion/electron beam-induced deposition (FIBID/FEBID) relies heavily on the availability of metal-organic precursors of particular properties. To create a new precursor, extensive testing using specialized gas injection systems is required along with time-consuming and costly chemical analysis typically conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This process can be quite challenging due to its complexity and expense. Here, the response of new metal-organic precursors, in the form of supported thick layers, to the ion beam irradiation is studied through analysis of the chemical composition and morphology of the resulting structures. This is done using SEM backscattered electron/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy along with machine learning data processing techniques. This approach enables a comprehensive fast examination of precursor decomposition processes during FIB irradiation and provides valuable insights into how the precursor's composition influences the final properties of the metal-rich deposits. Although solid-layer irradiation differs from gas-phase deposition, we think that our method can be employed to optimize pre-screen and score new potential precursors for FIB applications by significantly reducing the time required and conserving valuable resources.

聚焦离子/电子束诱导沉积(FIBID/FEBID)等现代金属沉积技术的发展在很大程度上依赖于具有特定性质的金属有机前驱体的可用性。为了制造新的前驱体,需要使用专门的气体注入系统进行广泛的测试,以及耗时且昂贵的化学分析,通常使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行。由于其复杂性和费用,这个过程可能相当具有挑战性。在这里,新的金属有机前驱体,以支撑厚层的形式,对离子束辐照的响应进行了研究,通过分析所产生的结构的化学成分和形态。这是使用扫描电镜背散射电子/能量色散x射线光谱学以及机器学习数据处理技术完成的。这种方法能够全面快速地检测FIB辐照过程中的前驱体分解过程,并为前驱体的组成如何影响富金属矿床的最终性质提供有价值的见解。虽然固体层辐照与气相沉积不同,但我们认为我们的方法可以通过显着减少所需时间和节省宝贵资源来优化预筛选和评分FIB应用的新的潜在前体。
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引用次数: 0
Quantum circuits with SINIS structures. 具有SINIS结构的量子电路。
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-11-04 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.134
Mikhail Tarasov, Mikhail Fominskii, Aleksandra Gunbina, Artem Krasilnikov, Maria Mansfeld, Dmitrii Kukushkin, Andrei Maruhno, Valeria Ievleva, Mikhail Strelkov, Daniil Zhogov, Konstantin Arutyunov, Vyacheslav Vdovin, Vladislav Stolyarov, Valerian Edelman

The superconductor-insulator-normal metal-insulator-superconductor (SINIS) tunnel junction structure is the basic building block for various cryogenic devices. Microwave detectors, electron coolers, primary thermometers, and Aharonov-Bohm interferometers have been fabricated by various methods and measured at temperatures down to 100 mK. The manufacturing methods included Dolan-type shadow evaporation, Manhattan-type shadow evaporation, and magnetron sputtering with selective etching of superconducting and normal metal electrodes. Improvement in ultimate sensitivity is achieved by suspending the absorber above the substrate. Best responsivity of up to 30 electrons per photon at a frequency of 350 GHz, or 72000 A/W, and voltage responsivity up to 3.9 × 109 V/W were obtained with a black body radiation source and series of band-pass filters. The specially designed SINIS arrays are intended to detect 90 GHz radiation at the "Big Telescope Alt-azimuthal" (romanized Russian: "Bolshoi Teleskop Alt-azimutalnyi", BTA) with noise equivalent power of less than 10-16 W·Hz-1/2. The receiver in a 3He cryostat with an optical window was mounted at the Nasmyth focus of the BTA and tested at a temperature of 260 mK with a IMPATT diode radiation source.

超导体-绝缘体-普通金属-绝缘体-超导体(SINIS)隧道结结构是各种低温器件的基本组成部分。微波探测器、电子冷却器、初级温度计和Aharonov-Bohm干涉仪已经用各种方法制造,并在低至100 mK的温度下进行测量。制造方法包括多兰式阴影蒸发、曼哈顿式阴影蒸发和磁控溅射,选择性蚀刻超导和普通金属电极。通过将吸收器悬浮在衬底之上,可以提高最终灵敏度。在350 GHz (72000 a /W)频率下,采用黑体辐射源和一系列带通滤波器获得了最高达30个电子/光子的最佳响应率和3.9 × 109 V/W的电压响应率。特别设计的SINIS阵列旨在探测“大望远镜替代方位角”(Bolshoi Teleskop Alt-azimutalnyi, BTA)的90 GHz辐射,噪声等效功率小于10-16 W·Hz-1/2。将带有光学窗口的3He低温恒温器中的接收器安装在BTA的Nasmyth焦点上,并使用IMPATT二极管辐射源在260 mK的温度下进行测试。
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引用次数: 0
PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation. 聚乙二醇化脂质在脂质纳米颗粒传递动力学和治疗创新。
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-10-30 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.133
Peiyang Gao

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have become significant vehicles in the delivery of therapeutic substances, particularly for nucleic acid vaccines and gene therapies. A key component in the nanoparticle formulation is polyethylene glycol-modified (i.e., PEGylated) lipids (PEG lipids), which can significantly influence the stability, cell interactions, and overall effectiveness of LNP delivery vehicles. This review collates insights into the role of PEG lipids in LNPs by illustrating how the PEG chains arrange on the nanoparticle surface and the potential impacts on LNPs' physicochemical properties by varying surface PEG density or PEG chemistry. Subsequently, PEG conformations are discussed in terms of their modulation of protein corona formation, cellular uptake, and immunogenic responses, particularly the pathways of anti-PEG antibody production and complement activation. Building on these understandings, functionalized PEG lipids are reviewed for ligand conjugation and targeted LNP delivery function. Promising alternatives to replace the benchmark PEG lipids are also systematically reviewed to address PEGylation associated immunogenicity. By conducting a critical analysis of the recent literature and identifying potent candidates for PEGylation strategies or PEG-free platforms, this review aims to provide insights and support the advancement of LNP mediated delivery.

脂质纳米颗粒(LNPs)已成为递送治疗物质的重要载体,特别是在核酸疫苗和基因治疗中。纳米颗粒配方中的一个关键成分是聚乙二醇修饰(即聚乙二醇化)脂质(PEG脂质),它可以显著影响LNP递送载体的稳定性、细胞相互作用和整体有效性。这篇综述通过说明PEG链如何排列在纳米颗粒表面,以及通过改变表面PEG密度或PEG化学对LNPs的物理化学性质的潜在影响,整理了对LNPs中PEG脂质的作用的见解。随后,PEG构象在蛋白冠形成、细胞摄取和免疫原性反应的调节方面进行了讨论,特别是抗PEG抗体产生和补体激活的途径。基于这些认识,功能化的PEG脂类对配体偶联和LNP靶向递送功能进行了综述。有希望的替代品取代基准PEG脂也系统地审查,以解决PEGylation相关的免疫原性。通过对近期文献进行批判性分析,并确定PEGylation策略或无peg平台的有效候选物,本综述旨在提供见解并支持LNP介导递送的进展。
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引用次数: 0
Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties. 以精油为基础的纳米乳剂靶向虫媒病毒载体埃及伊蚊:重点研究杀幼虫和驱避特性
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-10-28 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.132
Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva, Douglas Dourado, Thayse Silva Medeiros, Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú, Maria Cecilia Queiroga Dos Santos, Daiane Rodrigues Dos Santos, Mylena Lemos Dos Santos, Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein, Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa, Fabio Rocha Formiga

Mosquitoes of the Aedes genus are responsible for the transmission of arboviruses that seriously affect public health. Given the increasing resistance to traditional insecticides and their negative environmental impacts, the need for safer alternatives arises. In this context, natural produts such as essential oils (EOs) have been studied for their larvicidal and repellent properties against Aedes aegypti, due to the presence of compounds such as terpenoids and phenols. However, the usage of EOs is limited due to some properties such as poor water solubility, high volatility, and intrinsic oxidation sensitivity. Thus, the development of novel formulations to efficiently deliver bioactives represents an innovative approach for Aedes aegypti control. In this context, nanothecnology provides smart formulations with improved drug solubility, controlled release, and protection against degradation. Nanoemulsions are colloidal systems with droplets of 20 to 500 nm, which improve the dispersion of the compounds, protect their active properties, and enhance their efficacy. This review addresses the potential of nanoemulsions as efficient carriers of EOs, and how this approach could emerge as ecological alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Herein, the focus was kept on targeting larvicidal and repellent activities against Ae. aegypti. For that, 23 studies were analyzed, which demonstrated a significant increase in the efficacy of nanoemulsions with EOs compared to that of free EOs, in both activities. However, the repellent activity has been less explored, present in only three of the studies evaluated, in the last 10 years. Correlatingh with this, other aspects such as botanical species of EOs, mechanisms of action, composition, and characteristics of nanoemulsions are discussed. In addition, this review highlights challenges and perspectives on pharmaceutical nanotechnology towards nanoemulsions as safe, effective, and eco-friendly tools for controlling Ae. Aegypti.

伊蚊属蚊子负责传播严重影响公共卫生的虫媒病毒。鉴于对传统杀虫剂的抗药性日益增强及其对环境的负面影响,需要更安全的替代品。在这种情况下,人们研究了精油等天然产物对埃及伊蚊的杀幼虫和驱避特性,因为它们含有萜类和酚类等化合物。然而,由于其水溶性差、挥发性高和固有氧化敏感性等特性,EOs的使用受到限制。因此,开发新的配方来有效地提供生物活性是控制埃及伊蚊的一种创新方法。在这种情况下,纳米技术提供了具有改善药物溶解度,控制释放和防止降解的智能配方。纳米乳液是一种粒径在20 ~ 500 nm之间的胶体体系,它可以改善化合物的分散性,保护其活性特性,提高其功效。这篇综述阐述了纳米乳液作为EOs高效载体的潜力,以及这种方法如何成为合成杀虫剂的生态替代品。因此,本文将重点研究其对伊蚊的杀幼虫和驱避活性。蚊。为此,我们分析了23项研究,结果表明,与游离EOs相比,含有EOs的纳米乳液在两种活性方面的功效都有显著提高。然而,驱避活性的探索较少,在过去的10年里,只有3项研究被评估。与此相关,讨论了其他方面,如EOs的植物种类,作用机制,组成和纳米乳液的特性。此外,本文还强调了纳米药物技术在纳米乳液作为安全、有效和环保的控制Ae的工具方面所面临的挑战和前景。蚊。
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引用次数: 0
Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks. 全约瑟夫逊结逻辑单元和网络中的可编程孤子动力学。
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-10-28 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.131
Vsevolod I Ruzhickiy, Anastasia A Maksimovskaya, Sergey V Bakurskiy, Andrey E Schegolev, Maxim V Tereshonok, Mikhail Yu Kupriyanov, Nikolay V Klenov, Igor I Soloviev

We demonstrate the programmable control of kinetic soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction (all-JJ) networks through a novel tunable cell design. This cell enables on-demand switching of transmission lines and operates across defined parameter regimes supporting diverse dynamical modes. By introducing a structural asymmetry into a transmission line, we implement a Josephson diode that enforces unidirectional soliton propagation. The programmability of the kinetic inductance then provides a crucial mechanism to selectively enable or disable this diode functionality. By engineering artificial inhomogeneity into the circuit architecture, we enhance robustness in all-JJ logic circuits, 2D transmission line all-JJ lattices, and neuromorphic computing systems.

通过一种新颖的可调谐单元设计,我们证明了全约瑟夫森结(all-JJ)网络中运动孤子动力学的可编程控制。该单元能够按需切换传输线,并在支持多种动态模式的定义参数范围内运行。通过在传输线中引入结构不对称,我们实现了一个约瑟夫森二极管,以强制单向孤子传播。动态电感的可编程性为选择性地启用或禁用该二极管功能提供了关键机制。通过在电路结构中引入人工非均匀性,我们增强了全jj逻辑电路、二维传输线全jj晶格和神经形态计算系统的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 0
Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer. 具有微波腔光机械换能器的低温AFM。
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-10-24 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.130
Ermes Scarano, Elisabet K Arvidsson, August K Roos, Erik Holmgren, Riccardo Borgani, Mats O Tholén, David B Haviland

We demonstrate atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging with a microcantilever force transducer where an integrated superconducting microwave resonant circuit detects cantilever deflection using the principles of cavity optomechanics. We discuss the detector responsivity and added noise, pointing to its crucial role in the context of force sensitivity. Through analysis of noise measurements we determine the effective temperature of the cantilever eigenmode and we determine the region of detector operation in which the sensor is thermal-noise-limited. Our analysis shows that the force-sensor design is a significant improvement over piezoelectric force sensors commonly used in low-temperature AFM. We discuss the potential for further improvement of the sensor design to achieve optimal detection at the standard quantum limit. We demonstrate AFM operation with surface-tracking feedback in both amplitude-modulation and frequency-modulation modes.

我们演示了原子力显微镜(AFM)与微悬臂力传感器的成像,其中集成的超导微波谐振电路利用腔光力学原理检测悬臂挠度。我们讨论了探测器的响应性和附加噪声,指出了它在力灵敏度方面的关键作用。通过对噪声测量结果的分析,确定了悬臂梁本征模的有效温度,并确定了探测器工作的热噪声限制区域。我们的分析表明,力传感器的设计是一个显着的改进,通常用于低温AFM压电力传感器。我们讨论了进一步改进传感器设计以在标准量子极限下实现最佳检测的潜力。我们演示了在调幅和调频模式下具有表面跟踪反馈的AFM操作。
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引用次数: 0
Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength. 水蛭藤蔓胶结蛋白cp19k的自组装及粘接性能:pH和离子强度的影响
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-10-23 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.129
Shrutika Sawant, Anne Marie Power, J Gerard Wall

Marine organisms such as barnacles rely on a complex underwater adhesive system, driven by self-assembly and intermolecular associations between cement proteins, for permanent attachment to a variety of surface types. In this study, we investigated the influence of environmental parameters on the self-assembly of recombinant cp19k, a key adhesive protein in Pollicipes pollicipes. Using TEM imaging, a low pH (4.0) and high salt concentration (600 mM NaCl) environment, mimicking P. pollicipes gland conditions, was identified to promote the formation of extended, needle-like fibrils by the cp19k protein. The β-amyloid nature of fibrils formed under these conditions and at high pH/low salt concentration was confirmed by Thioflavin T assay. Non-fibrillar cp19k adhered most effectively to hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces under low pH/low salt concentration conditions, while pre-formed fibrils retained their adhesion ability upon switching to a high pH/high salt concentration environment, which was designed to mimic the change in the protein environment upon secretion in vivo. These findings support the hypothesis that fibril formation occurs in the acidic, iso-osmotic gland of the barnacle, with delayed cement curing enabling fibril secretion for sustained adhesion of the organism. The study provides insight into the environmental sensitivity of cp19k structure-function dynamics and may support the design of bioinspired adhesives and biomaterials.

藤壶等海洋生物依靠复杂的水下粘附系统,由水泥蛋白之间的自组装和分子间结合驱动,永久附着在各种表面类型上。在这项研究中,我们研究了环境参数对重组蛋白cp19k自组装的影响。通过TEM成像,我们发现低pH(4.0)和高盐浓度(600 mM NaCl)的环境,模拟了P. policipes的腺体条件,促进cp19k蛋白形成延长的针状原纤维。在这些条件下和高pH/低盐浓度下形成的原纤维具有β-淀粉样质的性质。非纤原cp19k在低pH/低盐浓度条件下对亲水性和疏水性表面的粘附最有效,而预形成的原纤维在切换到高pH/高盐浓度环境后仍保持其粘附能力,这是为了模拟体内分泌时蛋白质环境的变化。这些发现支持了一种假设,即藤壶的酸性等渗透腺中形成了纤维,延迟的水泥固化使纤维的分泌能够维持生物体的粘附。该研究为cp19k结构-功能动力学的环境敏感性提供了深入的见解,并可能为仿生粘合剂和生物材料的设计提供支持。
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引用次数: 0
On the road to sustainability - application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review. 在可持续发展的道路上——通过绿色合成获得的金属纳米颗粒在牙科中的应用:范围综述。
IF 2.7 4区 材料科学 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2025-10-22 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.16.128
Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva, Joice Catiane Soares Martins, Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz, Júlio Abreu Miranda, Danilo Rodrigues de Souza, Éverton do Nascimento Alencar, Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa, Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

The growing interest in green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles reflects a global shift toward sustainable, eco-friendly technologies in biomedical innovation, particularly in dentistry. This scoping review examines the rising focus on these nanoparticles regarding their antimicrobial, regenerative, and therapeutic potential in dental applications. Among the metals studied, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles dominate because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and enhanced biocompatibility, achieved through phytochemically mediated synthesis. Conventional nanoparticle production often relies on toxic reagents and energy-intensive processes, posing environmental and clinical challenges. In contrast, green synthesis, using plant extracts, fungi, or bacteria, offers a sustainable alternative by leveraging natural reducing agents like polyphenols and flavonoids. These bioactive compounds not only facilitate nanoparticle formation but also improve stability and biological efficacy, making them ideal for dental applications such as caries prevention, endodontic disinfection, and periodontal regeneration. Our analysis of 98 studies reveals India as the leading contributor (78.6%), driven by its rich biodiversity and strong research infrastructure. Key plant families including Lamiaceae and Fabaceae were frequently employed due to their high phenolic content. Despite promising results, gaps remain, such as the predominance of in vitro studies (68.7%) and insufficient cytotoxicity assessments (47.8%), underscoring the need for translational research. This review highlights the transformative potential of green-synthesized nanoparticles in dentistry, merging technological advancement with ecological responsibility. Future work should prioritize clinical trials, long-term safety evaluations, and standardized protocols to fully realize their therapeutic benefits.

对绿色合成金属纳米颗粒的兴趣日益增长,反映了全球在生物医学创新方面向可持续、环保技术的转变,特别是在牙科领域。本文综述了这些纳米颗粒在牙科应用中的抗菌、再生和治疗潜力。在所研究的金属中,银和氧化锌纳米颗粒占主导地位,因为它们具有广谱抗菌活性和增强的生物相容性,通过植物化学介导的合成实现。传统的纳米颗粒生产往往依赖于有毒试剂和能源密集型工艺,这给环境和临床带来了挑战。相比之下,使用植物提取物、真菌或细菌的绿色合成,通过利用多酚和类黄酮等天然还原剂,提供了一种可持续的替代方案。这些生物活性化合物不仅促进纳米颗粒的形成,而且还提高了稳定性和生物功效,使它们成为预防龋齿、根管消毒和牙周再生等牙科应用的理想选择。我们对98项研究的分析显示,印度是主要贡献者(78.6%),这得益于其丰富的生物多样性和强大的研究基础设施。主要植物科包括Lamiaceae和Fabaceae,由于它们的高酚含量而经常被使用。尽管取得了令人鼓舞的结果,但差距仍然存在,例如体外研究占主导地位(68.7%)和细胞毒性评估不足(47.8%),强调了翻译研究的必要性。这篇综述强调了绿色合成纳米颗粒在牙科领域的变革潜力,将技术进步与生态责任相结合。未来的工作应优先考虑临床试验、长期安全性评估和标准化方案,以充分实现其治疗效益。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
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