Pub Date : 2024-06-24eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.62
Monika Ozga, Eunika Zielony, Aleksandra Wierzbicka, Anna Wolska, Marcin Klepka, Marek Godlewski, Bogdan J Kowalski, Bartłomiej S Witkowski
This paper presents an investigation into the influence of repeating cycles of hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing (HT+RTA) on the properties of CuO thin films. An innovative hydrothermal method ensures homogeneous single-phase films initially. However, their electrical instability and susceptibility to cracking under the influence of temperature have posed a challenge to their utilization in electronic devices. To address this limitation, the HT+RTA procedure has been developed, which effectively eliminated the issue. Comprehensive surface analysis confirmed the procedure's ability to yield continuous films in which the content of organic compounds responsible for the formation of cracks significantly decreases. Structural analysis underscored the achieved improvements in the crystalline quality of the films. The implementation of the HT+RTA procedure significantly enhances the potential of CuO films for electronic applications. Key findings from Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis demonstrate the possibility of modulating the work function of the material. In addition, scanning capacitance microscopy measurements provided information on the changes in the local carrier concentration with each repetition. These studies indicate the increased usefulness of CuO thin films obtained from the HT+RTA procedure, which expands the possibilities of their applications in electronic devices.
{"title":"Effect of repeating hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing on CuO thin film properties.","authors":"Monika Ozga, Eunika Zielony, Aleksandra Wierzbicka, Anna Wolska, Marcin Klepka, Marek Godlewski, Bogdan J Kowalski, Bartłomiej S Witkowski","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.62","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.62","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper presents an investigation into the influence of repeating cycles of hydrothermal growth processes and rapid thermal annealing (HT+RTA) on the properties of CuO thin films. An innovative hydrothermal method ensures homogeneous single-phase films initially. However, their electrical instability and susceptibility to cracking under the influence of temperature have posed a challenge to their utilization in electronic devices. To address this limitation, the HT+RTA procedure has been developed, which effectively eliminated the issue. Comprehensive surface analysis confirmed the procedure's ability to yield continuous films in which the content of organic compounds responsible for the formation of cracks significantly decreases. Structural analysis underscored the achieved improvements in the crystalline quality of the films. The implementation of the HT+RTA procedure significantly enhances the potential of CuO films for electronic applications. Key findings from Kelvin probe force microscopy analysis demonstrate the possibility of modulating the work function of the material. In addition, scanning capacitance microscopy measurements provided information on the changes in the local carrier concentration with each repetition. These studies indicate the increased usefulness of CuO thin films obtained from the HT+RTA procedure, which expands the possibilities of their applications in electronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"743-754"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-24eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.61
Alexander V Rumyantsev, Nikolai I Borgardt, Roman L Volkov, Yuri A Chaplygin
The evolution of a multilayer sample surface during focused ion beam processing was simulated using the level set method and experimentally studied by milling a silicon dioxide layer covering a crystalline silicon substrate. The simulation took into account the redeposition of atoms simultaneously sputtered from both layers of the sample as well as the influence of backscattered ions on the milling process. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to produce tabulated data on the angular distributions of sputtered atoms and backscattered ions. Two sets of test structures including narrow trenches and rectangular boxes with different aspect ratios were experimentally prepared, and their cross sections were visualized in scanning transmission electron microscopy images. The superimposition of the calculated structure profiles onto the images showed a satisfactory agreement between simulation and experimental results. In the case of boxes that were prepared with an asymmetric cross section, the simulation can accurately predict the depth and shape of the structures, but there is some inaccuracy in reproducing the form of the left sidewall of the structure with a large amount of the redeposited material. To further validate the developed simulation approach and gain a better understanding of the sputtering process, the distribution of oxygen atoms in the redeposited layer derived from the numerical data was compared with the corresponding elemental map acquired by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.
使用水平集方法模拟了聚焦离子束加工过程中多层样品表面的演变,并通过铣削覆盖在晶体硅衬底上的二氧化硅层进行了实验研究。模拟考虑了同时从样品两层溅射出的原子的再沉积以及背散射离子对研磨过程的影响。蒙特卡洛模拟生成了溅射原子和反向散射离子角度分布的表格数据。实验制备了两组测试结构,包括不同长宽比的窄沟和矩形框,并在扫描透射电子显微镜图像中观察了它们的横截面。将计算出的结构剖面叠加到图像上显示,模拟结果与实验结果之间的一致性令人满意。在制备横截面不对称的盒子时,模拟能准确预测结构的深度和形状,但在再沉积大量材料的情况下,对结构左侧壁形状的再现存在一定的误差。为了进一步验证所开发的模拟方法并更好地了解溅射过程,我们将数值数据得出的再沉积层中氧原子的分布与能量色散 X 射线显微分析获得的相应元素图进行了比较。
{"title":"Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate.","authors":"Alexander V Rumyantsev, Nikolai I Borgardt, Roman L Volkov, Yuri A Chaplygin","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.61","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.61","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The evolution of a multilayer sample surface during focused ion beam processing was simulated using the level set method and experimentally studied by milling a silicon dioxide layer covering a crystalline silicon substrate. The simulation took into account the redeposition of atoms simultaneously sputtered from both layers of the sample as well as the influence of backscattered ions on the milling process. Monte Carlo simulations were applied to produce tabulated data on the angular distributions of sputtered atoms and backscattered ions. Two sets of test structures including narrow trenches and rectangular boxes with different aspect ratios were experimentally prepared, and their cross sections were visualized in scanning transmission electron microscopy images. The superimposition of the calculated structure profiles onto the images showed a satisfactory agreement between simulation and experimental results. In the case of boxes that were prepared with an asymmetric cross section, the simulation can accurately predict the depth and shape of the structures, but there is some inaccuracy in reproducing the form of the left sidewall of the structure with a large amount of the redeposited material. To further validate the developed simulation approach and gain a better understanding of the sputtering process, the distribution of oxygen atoms in the redeposited layer derived from the numerical data was compared with the corresponding elemental map acquired by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"733-742"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11216083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141475815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-20eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.60
Vu Ngoc Hoang, Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa, Nguyen Quang Man, Le Vu Truong Son, Le Van Thanh Son, Vo Thang Nguyen, Le Thi Hong Phong, Ly Hoang Diem, Kieu Chan Ly, Ho Sy Thang, Dinh Quang Khieu
A TiO2/graphene quantum dots composite (TiO2/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO2/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. The TiO2/GQDs-GCE exhibits better electrochemical activity for uric acid and hypoxanthine than GQDs/GCE or TiO2/GCE in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Under optimized conditions, the calibration plots were linear in the range from 1.00 to 15.26 μM for both uric acid and hypoxanthine. The limits of detection of this method were 0.58 and 0.68 μM for uric acid and hypoxanthine, respectively. The proposed DPV method was employed to determine uric acid and hypoxanthine in urine samples with acceptable recovery rates.
{"title":"Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO<sub>2</sub>/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode.","authors":"Vu Ngoc Hoang, Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa, Nguyen Quang Man, Le Vu Truong Son, Le Van Thanh Son, Vo Thang Nguyen, Le Thi Hong Phong, Ly Hoang Diem, Kieu Chan Ly, Ho Sy Thang, Dinh Quang Khieu","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.60","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A TiO<sub>2</sub>/graphene quantum dots composite (TiO<sub>2</sub>/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO<sub>2</sub>/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray mapping. The TiO<sub>2</sub>/GQDs-GCE exhibits better electrochemical activity for uric acid and hypoxanthine than GQDs/GCE or TiO<sub>2</sub>/GCE in differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurements. Under optimized conditions, the calibration plots were linear in the range from 1.00 to 15.26 μM for both uric acid and hypoxanthine. The limits of detection of this method were 0.58 and 0.68 μM for uric acid and hypoxanthine, respectively. The proposed DPV method was employed to determine uric acid and hypoxanthine in urine samples with acceptable recovery rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"719-732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this research paper, a vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) structure containing a live metal strip and a material with low dielectric constant is designed, and its performance metrics are analyzed in detail. Low-k SiO2 is incorporated in the channel-drain region. A live molybdenum metal strip with low work function is placed in a high-k HfO2 layer in the source-channel region. The device is examined by the parameters Ioff, subthreshold swing, threshold voltage, and Ion/Ioff ratio. The introduction of a live metal strip in the dielectric layer closer to the source-channel interface results in a minimum subthreshold slope and a good Ion/Ioff ratio. The low-k material at the drain reduces the gate-to-drain capacitance. Both the SiO2 layer and the live metal strip show excellent leakage current reduction to 1.4 × 10-17 A/μm. The design provides a subthreshold swing of 5 mV/decade, which is an excellent improvement in TFETs, an on-current of 1.00 × 10-5 A/μm, an Ion/Ioff ratio of 7.14 × 1011, and a threshold voltage of 0.28 V.
本文设计了一种包含活金属带和低介电常数材料的垂直隧道场效应晶体管(TFET)结构,并对其性能指标进行了详细分析。在沟道-漏极区域加入了低介电常数的二氧化硅。在源沟道区的高 k HfO2 层中放置了具有低功函数的活钼金属带。通过 I off、阈下摆动、阈值电压和 I on/I off 比等参数对该器件进行了检验。在更靠近源极-沟道界面的介电层中引入活金属带,可实现最小的亚阈值斜率和良好的 I on/I off 比。漏极的低 k 材料降低了栅极到漏极的电容。二氧化硅层和活金属带都显示出出色的漏电流降低效果,达到 1.4 × 10-17 A/μm。该设计的阈下摆幅为 5 mV/decade,是对 TFET 的出色改进,导通电流为 1.00 × 10-5 A/μm,I on/I off 比为 7.14 × 1011,阈值电压为 0.28 V。
{"title":"Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-<i>k</i> material at the drain.","authors":"Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan, Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.59","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this research paper, a vertical tunnel field-effect transistor (TFET) structure containing a live metal strip and a material with low dielectric constant is designed, and its performance metrics are analyzed in detail. Low-<i>k</i> SiO<sub>2</sub> is incorporated in the channel-drain region. A live molybdenum metal strip with low work function is placed in a high-<i>k</i> HfO<sub>2</sub> layer in the source-channel region. The device is examined by the parameters <i>I</i> <sub>off</sub>, subthreshold swing, threshold voltage, and <i>I</i> <sub>on</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>off</sub> ratio. The introduction of a live metal strip in the dielectric layer closer to the source-channel interface results in a minimum subthreshold slope and a good <i>I</i> <sub>on</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>off</sub> ratio. The low-<i>k</i> material at the drain reduces the gate-to-drain capacitance. Both the SiO<sub>2</sub> layer and the live metal strip show excellent leakage current reduction to 1.4 × 10<sup>-17</sup> A/μm. The design provides a subthreshold swing of 5 mV/decade, which is an excellent improvement in TFETs, an on-current of 1.00 × 10<sup>-5</sup> A/μm, an <i>I</i> <sub>on</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>off</sub> ratio of 7.14 × 10<sup>11</sup>, and a threshold voltage of 0.28 V.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"713-718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141452705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.58
Annamarija Trausa, Sven Oras, Sergei Vlassov, Mikk Antsov, Tauno Tiirats, Andreas Kyritsakis, Boris Polyakov, Edgars Butanovs
Due to the recent interest in ultrawide bandgap β-Ga2O3 thin films and nanostructures for various electronics and UV device applications, it is important to understand the mechanical properties of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs). In this work, we investigated the elastic modulus of individual β-Ga2O3 NWs using two distinct techniques - in-situ scanning electron microscopy resonance and three-point bending in atomic force microscopy. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesised NWs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The resonance tests yielded the mean elastic modulus of 34.5 GPa, while 75.8 GPa mean value was obtained via three-point bending. The measured elastic moduli values indicate the need for finely controllable β-Ga2O3 NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices.
{"title":"Elastic modulus of β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques.","authors":"Annamarija Trausa, Sven Oras, Sergei Vlassov, Mikk Antsov, Tauno Tiirats, Andreas Kyritsakis, Boris Polyakov, Edgars Butanovs","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.58","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.58","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Due to the recent interest in ultrawide bandgap β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> thin films and nanostructures for various electronics and UV device applications, it is important to understand the mechanical properties of Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanowires (NWs). In this work, we investigated the elastic modulus of individual β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NWs using two distinct techniques - in-situ scanning electron microscopy resonance and three-point bending in atomic force microscopy. The structural and morphological properties of the synthesised NWs were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission and scanning electron microscopies. The resonance tests yielded the mean elastic modulus of 34.5 GPa, while 75.8 GPa mean value was obtained via three-point bending. The measured elastic moduli values indicate the need for finely controllable β-Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NW synthesis methods and detailed post-examination of their mechanical properties before considering their application in future nanoscale devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"704-712"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-17eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.57
Wendong Sun, Jianqiang Qian, Yingzi Li, Yanan Chen, Zhipeng Dou, Rui Lin, Peng Cheng, Xiaodong Gao, Quan Yuan, Yifan Hu
Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) utilizes the multimode operation of cantilevers to achieve rapid high-resolution imaging and extract multiple properties. However, the higher-order modal response of traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than other enhancement methods, making it easier to be widely used. However, previous studies were limited to theoretical analysis and preliminary simulations regarding ideal conditions. In this paper, we undertake a more comprehensive investigation of the coupled system, taking into account the influence of probe and excitation surface sizes on the modal response. To facilitate the exploration of the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the coupled system in practical applications, a macroscale experimental platform is established. By conducting finite element analysis and experiments, we compare the performance of the coupled system with that of traditional cantilevers and quantify the enhancement in higher-order modal response. Also, the optimal conditions for the enhancement of macroscale cantilever modal response are explored. Additionally, we also supplement the characteristics of this model, including increasing the modal frequency of the original cantilever and generating additional resonance peaks, demonstrating the significant potential of the coupled system in various fields of AFM.
{"title":"Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system.","authors":"Wendong Sun, Jianqiang Qian, Yingzi Li, Yanan Chen, Zhipeng Dou, Rui Lin, Peng Cheng, Xiaodong Gao, Quan Yuan, Yifan Hu","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.57","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) utilizes the multimode operation of cantilevers to achieve rapid high-resolution imaging and extract multiple properties. However, the higher-order modal response of traditional rectangular cantilever is weaker in air, which affects the sensitivity of multifrequency AFM detection. To address this issue, we previously proposed a bridge/cantilever coupled system model to enhance the higher-order modal response of the cantilever. This model is simpler and less costly than other enhancement methods, making it easier to be widely used. However, previous studies were limited to theoretical analysis and preliminary simulations regarding ideal conditions. In this paper, we undertake a more comprehensive investigation of the coupled system, taking into account the influence of probe and excitation surface sizes on the modal response. To facilitate the exploration of the effectiveness and optimal conditions for the coupled system in practical applications, a macroscale experimental platform is established. By conducting finite element analysis and experiments, we compare the performance of the coupled system with that of traditional cantilevers and quantify the enhancement in higher-order modal response. Also, the optimal conditions for the enhancement of macroscale cantilever modal response are explored. Additionally, we also supplement the characteristics of this model, including increasing the modal frequency of the original cantilever and generating additional resonance peaks, demonstrating the significant potential of the coupled system in various fields of AFM.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"694-703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11196946/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141449567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-31eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.53
Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi, Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar, Larissa Otubo, Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza, Almir Oliveira Neto, Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva
In this study, we present a novel approach for the exfoliation of titanium nitride (TiN) powders utilizing a rapid, facile, and environmentally friendly non-thermal plasma method. This method involves the use of an electric arc and nitrogen as the ambient gas at room temperature to generate ionized particles. These ionized species interact with the ceramic crystal of TiN, resulting in a pronounced structural expansion. The exfoliated TiN products were comprehensively characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Remarkably, the cubic crystal structure of TiN was effectively retained, while the (200) crystal plane d-spacing increased from 2.08 to 3.09 Å, accompanied by a reduction in crystallite size and alterations in Raman vibrational modes. Collectively, these findings provide compelling evidence for the successful exfoliation of TiN structures using our innovative non-thermal plasma method, opening up exciting possibilities for advanced material applications.
在本研究中,我们提出了一种利用快速、简便、环保的非热等离子体方法剥离氮化钛(TiN)粉末的新方法。这种方法使用电弧和氮气作为环境气体,在室温下产生电离粒子。这些电离粒子与钛镍陶瓷晶体相互作用,产生明显的结构膨胀。利用透射电子显微镜、X 射线衍射和拉曼光谱对剥离的 TiN 产品进行了全面表征。值得注意的是,TiN 的立方晶体结构得到了有效保留,而 (200) 晶面 d 间距从 2.08 Å 增加到 3.09 Å,同时晶体尺寸减小,拉曼振动模式也发生了变化。总之,这些发现为利用我们创新的非热等离子体方法成功剥离 TiN 结构提供了令人信服的证据,为先进材料的应用开辟了令人兴奋的可能性。
{"title":"Exfoliation of titanium nitride using a non-thermal plasma process.","authors":"Priscila Jussiane Zambiazi, Dolores Ribeiro Ricci Lazar, Larissa Otubo, Rodrigo Fernando Brambilla de Souza, Almir Oliveira Neto, Cecilia Chaves Guedes-Silva","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.53","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.53","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we present a novel approach for the exfoliation of titanium nitride (TiN) powders utilizing a rapid, facile, and environmentally friendly non-thermal plasma method. This method involves the use of an electric arc and nitrogen as the ambient gas at room temperature to generate ionized particles. These ionized species interact with the ceramic crystal of TiN, resulting in a pronounced structural expansion. The exfoliated TiN products were comprehensively characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. Remarkably, the cubic crystal structure of TiN was effectively retained, while the (200) crystal plane d-spacing increased from 2.08 to 3.09 Å, accompanied by a reduction in crystallite size and alterations in Raman vibrational modes. Collectively, these findings provide compelling evidence for the successful exfoliation of TiN structures using our innovative non-thermal plasma method, opening up exciting possibilities for advanced material applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"631-637"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11181301/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.52
Julian Thomas, Stanislav N Gorb, Thies H Büscher
The mechanism by which insects achieve attachment and locomotion across diverse substrates has long intrigued scientists, prompting extensive research on the functional morphology of attachment pads. In stick insects, attachment and locomotion are facilitated by two distinct types of smooth cuticular attachment pads: the primary adhesion force-generating arolium and the friction force-generating euplantulae. They are both supported by an adhesive secretion delivered into the interspace between the attachment pads and the substrate. In this study, we analysed and compared internal morphology, material composition and ultrastructure, as well as the transportation pathways in both adhesive organs in the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata using scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our observations revealed structural differences between both attachment pads, reflecting their distinct functionality. Furthermore, our results delineate a potential pathway for adhesive secretions, originating from exocrine epidermal cells and traversing various layers before reaching the surface. Within the attachment pad, the fluid may influence the viscoelastic properties of the pad and control the attachment/detachment process. Understanding the material composition of attachment pads and the distribution process of the adhesive secretion can potentially aid in the development of more effective artificial attachment systems.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect <i>Medauroidea extradentata</i> (Phasmatodea).","authors":"Julian Thomas, Stanislav N Gorb, Thies H Büscher","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.52","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.52","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanism by which insects achieve attachment and locomotion across diverse substrates has long intrigued scientists, prompting extensive research on the functional morphology of attachment pads. In stick insects, attachment and locomotion are facilitated by two distinct types of smooth cuticular attachment pads: the primary adhesion force-generating arolium and the friction force-generating euplantulae. They are both supported by an adhesive secretion delivered into the interspace between the attachment pads and the substrate. In this study, we analysed and compared internal morphology, material composition and ultrastructure, as well as the transportation pathways in both adhesive organs in the stick insect <i>Medauroidea extradentata</i> using scanning electron microscopy, micro-computed tomography, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Our observations revealed structural differences between both attachment pads, reflecting their distinct functionality. Furthermore, our results delineate a potential pathway for adhesive secretions, originating from exocrine epidermal cells and traversing various layers before reaching the surface. Within the attachment pad, the fluid may influence the viscoelastic properties of the pad and control the attachment/detachment process. Understanding the material composition of attachment pads and the distribution process of the adhesive secretion can potentially aid in the development of more effective artificial attachment systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"612-630"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11181264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141417535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.45
Hannah Boeckers, Atul Chaudhary, Petra Martinović, Amy V Walker, Lisa McElwee-White, Petra Swiderek
The electron-induced decomposition of Fe(CO)4MA (MA = methyl acrylate), which is a potential new precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID), was investigated by surface science experiments under UHV conditions. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to monitor deposit formation. The comparison between Fe(CO)4MA and Fe(CO)5 revealed the effect of the modified ligand architecture on the deposit formation in electron irradiation experiments that mimic FEBID and cryo-FEBID processes. Electron-stimulated desorption and post-irradiation thermal desorption spectrometry were used to obtain insight into the fate of the ligands upon electron irradiation. As a key finding, the deposits obtained from Fe(CO)4MA and Fe(CO)5 were surprisingly similar, and the relative amount of carbon in deposits prepared from Fe(CO)4MA was considerably less than the amount of carbon in the MA ligand. This demonstrates that electron irradiation efficiently cleaves the neutral MA ligand from the precursor. In addition to deposit formation by electron irradiation, the thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)4MA and Fe(CO)5 on an Fe seed layer prepared by EBID was compared. While Fe(CO)5 sustains autocatalytic growth of the deposit, the MA ligand hinders the thermal decomposition in the case of Fe(CO)4MA. The heteroleptic precursor Fe(CO)4MA, thus, offers the possibility to suppress contributions of thermal reactions, which can compromise control over the deposit shape and size in FEBID processes.
{"title":"Electron-induced deposition using Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>MA and Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> - effect of MA ligand and process conditions.","authors":"Hannah Boeckers, Atul Chaudhary, Petra Martinović, Amy V Walker, Lisa McElwee-White, Petra Swiderek","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.45","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.45","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The electron-induced decomposition of Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>MA (MA = methyl acrylate), which is a potential new precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID), was investigated by surface science experiments under UHV conditions. Auger electron spectroscopy was used to monitor deposit formation. The comparison between Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>MA and Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> revealed the effect of the modified ligand architecture on the deposit formation in electron irradiation experiments that mimic FEBID and cryo-FEBID processes. Electron-stimulated desorption and post-irradiation thermal desorption spectrometry were used to obtain insight into the fate of the ligands upon electron irradiation. As a key finding, the deposits obtained from Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>MA and Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> were surprisingly similar, and the relative amount of carbon in deposits prepared from Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>MA was considerably less than the amount of carbon in the MA ligand. This demonstrates that electron irradiation efficiently cleaves the neutral MA ligand from the precursor. In addition to deposit formation by electron irradiation, the thermal decomposition of Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>MA and Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> on an Fe seed layer prepared by EBID was compared. While Fe(CO)<sub>5</sub> sustains autocatalytic growth of the deposit, the MA ligand hinders the thermal decomposition in the case of Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>MA. The heteroleptic precursor Fe(CO)<sub>4</sub>MA, thus, offers the possibility to suppress contributions of thermal reactions, which can compromise control over the deposit shape and size in FEBID processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"500-516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11092064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140921013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.15.44
Veaceslav Ursaki, Tudor Braniste, Victor Zalamai, Emil Rusu, Vladimir Ciobanu, Vadim Morari, Daniel Podgornii, Pier Carlo Ricci, Rainer Adelung, Ion Tiginyanu
Aeromaterials represent a class of increasingly attractive materials for various applications. Among them, aero-ZnS has been produced by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on sacrificial ZnO templates consisting of networks of microtetrapods and has been proposed for microfluidic applications. In this paper, a cost-effective technological approach is proposed for the fabrication of aero-ZnS by using physical vapor transport with Sn2S3 crystals and networks of ZnO microtetrapods as precursors. The morphology of the produced material is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while its crystalline and optical qualities are assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. We demonstrate possibilities for controlling the composition and the crystallographic phase content of the prepared aerogels by the duration of the technological procedure. A scheme of deep energy levels and electronic transitions in the ZnS skeleton of the aeromaterial was deduced from the PL analysis, suggesting that the produced aerogel is a potential candidate for photocatalytic and sensor applications.
航空材料是一类在各种应用中越来越有吸引力的材料。其中,气相锌盐是通过在由微四面体网络组成的牺牲性氧化锌模板上进行氢化物气相外延而制备的,并已被提出用于微流体应用。本文提出了一种具有成本效益的技术方法,以 Sn2S3 晶体和 ZnO 微网状物网络为前驱体,利用物理气相传输技术制造气态 ZnS。我们用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了所制材料的形态,并分别用 X 射线衍射(XRD)分析和光致发光(PL)光谱评估了其结晶和光学质量。我们展示了通过工艺流程的长短来控制所制备气凝胶的成分和结晶相含量的可能性。从光致发光分析中推导出了气凝胶材料 ZnS 骨架中的深能级和电子跃迁方案,这表明所制备的气凝胶是光催化和传感器应用的潜在候选材料。
{"title":"Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods.","authors":"Veaceslav Ursaki, Tudor Braniste, Victor Zalamai, Emil Rusu, Vladimir Ciobanu, Vadim Morari, Daniel Podgornii, Pier Carlo Ricci, Rainer Adelung, Ion Tiginyanu","doi":"10.3762/bjnano.15.44","DOIUrl":"10.3762/bjnano.15.44","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aeromaterials represent a class of increasingly attractive materials for various applications. Among them, aero-ZnS has been produced by hydride vapor phase epitaxy on sacrificial ZnO templates consisting of networks of microtetrapods and has been proposed for microfluidic applications. In this paper, a cost-effective technological approach is proposed for the fabrication of aero-ZnS by using physical vapor transport with Sn<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> crystals and networks of ZnO microtetrapods as precursors. The morphology of the produced material is investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while its crystalline and optical qualities are assessed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, respectively. We demonstrate possibilities for controlling the composition and the crystallographic phase content of the prepared aerogels by the duration of the technological procedure. A scheme of deep energy levels and electronic transitions in the ZnS skeleton of the aeromaterial was deduced from the PL analysis, suggesting that the produced aerogel is a potential candidate for photocatalytic and sensor applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":8802,"journal":{"name":"Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology","volume":"15 ","pages":"490-499"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11070954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140849341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}