Battery Energy最新文献

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have emerged as a highly promising energy storage technology, featuring high energy density, low cost, and excellent safety. However, insufficient cycling stability induced by side reactions and dendrite growth on the anode severely hinders their practical applications. Herein, a vacancy-rich rare earth oxide/carbon composite anode material is synthesized. The porous structure of the conductive carbon framework serves to disperse ion flux and promote uniform Zn deposition, while the unique hydrophobicity of the rare earth oxide effectively suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction. Furthermore, La doping not only introduces defects such as vacancies that act as active sites for Zn deposition to induce uniform nucleation and growth, but also generates oxygen vacancies that reduce the charge transfer resistance at the electrode-electrolyte interface, enhance the diffusion coefficient of the electrode, and accelerate ion migration within the electrode. Benefiting from these distinctive advantages, the LC-3|Zn battery exhibits a low voltage hysteresis of 61.2 mV and a low nucleation overpotential of 27.1 mV. The battery designed based on this anode achieves exceptional long cycle stability, maintaining 100% capacity retention after 5500 cycles.

This study develops a novel MOF-235@Co₉S₈ composite via hydrothermal synthesis to overcome the limitations of MOF-235 as a sulfur host in lithium-sulfur batteries, such as poor conductivity and weak polysulfide adsorption. Serving as a multifunctional matrix, Co₉S₈ promotes MOF-235 nucleation, resulting in smaller particles and increasing the specific surface area by 76.7% (reaching 147.6 m² g⁻¹) compared to pure MOF-235. The optimized MOF-235@5%Co₉S₈/S cathode delivers a high initial discharge capacity of 859.3 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 C and maintains 556.4 mAh g⁻¹ after 500 cycles, achieving a capacity retention of 64.7% and substantially outperforming the unmodified MOF-235/S. These enhancements arise from the synergistic effects of Co₉S₈, which improves electrical conductivity and lithium-ion diffusion, chemically anchors polysulfides through polar Co─S bonds, and catalytically accelerates polysulfide conversion, effectively suppressing the detrimental shuttle effect. This composite demonstrates excellent potential for high-performance, long-cycle-life lithium-sulfur batteries.

In this era, electric vehicles (EVs) have become widely popular in the transportation sector because of their smaller carbon footprint and less noise. The charging stations for EVs are rapidly increasing to meet their charging demands in a shorter time. The hybrid charging stations, combined with renewable sources like solar and wind energy, offer an environmentally friendly solution for the massive adoption of EVs. However, the additional load of EV charging stresses the utility grid, and the intermittency of these renewable sources adds uncertainty to the performance of charging stations. The load management of the EVCS faces challenges during the unavailability of renewable energy and peak demand hours. This research focuses on the demand side management of the EV load through a coordinated demand response strategy that effectively schedules the EVs and employs a multi-objective optimization technique to balance operational cost and Loss of Power Supply Probability (LPSP) of the charging station. Three commonly used optimization algorithms, namely Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition (MOEA/D) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II), are analyzed for a hybrid fast EVCS to determine an optimal trade-off solution that can improve economic feasibility and reliability. Sensitivity analysis of these techniques is performed to analyse the solution of each algorithm under perturbations.

An efficient recycling strategy is of importance for reducing the environmental impact of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), alleviating resource shortages, and achieving high-value utilization of battery waste. State-of-the-art materials upcycling enables the transformation of spent battery materials into advanced materials with improved performance through modification with external substances. In this work, we introduce an upcycling strategy based on spent LIBs overdischarge, which enables the incorporation of Cu and Li from the anode into LiCoO₂ for the construction of modified LiCoO₂ with structural stability and rate performance. During overdischarge, the anode potential reaches the oxidation potential of Cu foil, generating Cu ions that migrate under the electric field and deposit on the cathode. Simultaneously, lithium from the decomposition of the solid electrolyte interphase on the anode supplements the lithium deficiency in LiCoO₂. These Cu and Li, combined with cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) species formed during cycling and Al contamination introduced during the recycling process, contribute to the formation of CEI phases and Cu coated, and Al and Cu doped LiCoO₂ with a stable interface and improved ionic transport properties. Compared with commercial and degraded materials, the upcycled cathode exhibits obvious advantages, delivering an initial capacity of 164.04 mAh g⁻¹ and maintaining 97.4% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.5 C. At high current densities of 2 C and 5 C, the material retains capacities of 147.2 mAh g⁻¹ and 132.6 mAh g⁻¹, respectively. This study demonstrates that introducing beneficial elements during the recycling of spent LIBs enables concurrent improvements in battery performance, cost efficiency, and resource utilization.

Supercapacitors have gained significant attention as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, bridging the performance gap between batteries and conventional capacitors. Despite the rapid growth of research in this field, persistent methodological inconsistencies and reporting inaccuracies continue to undermine its reproducibility and the ability to make meaningful comparisons. Common issues include miscalculations of capacitance, inappropriate electrode mass loading, and improper use of electrochemical parameters. Additionally, the overlap between battery-like and pseudocapacitive behaviours in nanostructured electrode materials complicates their classification and performance evaluation processes. This Perspective critically analyzes the experimental and analytical practices that shape supercapacitor research and provides a structured framework for accurate measurement, data interpretation, and material categorisation. A systematic set of guidelines (Do's and Don'ts) is proposed to mitigate recurring errors in electrode characterisation and device fabrication. Focusing on aqueous asymmetric systems, this review outlines best practices for their design, evaluation, and reporting, proposing a coherent roadmap toward their standardised development and reliable commercialisation as efficient, high-performance energy storage devices.

Elevating the operation voltage is a key strategy to boost the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. For stable high-voltage lithium-ion battery operation, it is effective to utilize fluorides, which have high oxidative stability, as a coating material for oxide cathode materials. However, the fluoride/oxide heterointerface can cause undesired insulating layer formation; therefore, it is necessary to clarify a key factor for fluorides as coating materials. Herein, a systematic investigation of lithium ternary fluorides (Li_xMF₆; M = Al, Ti, Si, Sn, Zr, and Ge) is conducted, which have sufficient ionic conductivity and oxidative stability. These fluorides are simply synthesized by cation exchange method, and coated on a standard cathode material LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ (NMC). Among them, Li₃AlF₆ exhibits superior chemical compatibility with NMC, forming a stable interfacial layer that minimizes cycle degradation under high-voltage operation (up to 4.6 V). These findings identify interfacial chemical stability as the most critical factor for effective cathode coatings, and offer a practical guideline for the rational design of advanced protective layers for high-voltage cathode materials.

While defect engineering is a pivotal strategy for enhancing zinc-based battery performance, current approaches predominantly focus on electronic state modulation, ignoring the critical role of phonon kinetics and electron–phonon interactions in energy transfer. Herein, we employ first-principles calculations to investigate the distinct lattice vibrational responses to anion vacancies in ZnO and ZnS systems. Our analysis reveals a fundamental divergence in phonon characteristics despite their crystallographic similarities. In ZnO, oxygen vacancies induce a heterogeneous phonon response characterized by simultaneous redshifts and blueshifts, resulting in a disordered phonon environment prone to incoherent scattering and internal energy dissipation. Conversely, sulfur vacancies in ZnS trigger a uniform and coherent redshift across the sulfur atoms. We propose that this constructive interference of lattice modes establishes a favorable channel for coherent phonon-electron energy transfer, facilitating carrier transport while minimizing local thermal stress. These findings establish the defect-induced phonon response as a novel descriptor for the rational design of high-rate energy storage materials and provide theoretical guidance for the development of battery technologies.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their high theoretical energy density, cost-effectiveness, and environmental sustainability. However, issues such as polysulfides shuttling and lithium dendrite formation hinder their practical applications. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and their composites with carbon-based materials have emerged as innovative solutions, offering synergistic advantages such as improved chemical adsorption, enhanced reaction kinetics, and robust physical confinement of active materials. This review explores the structural and functional properties of LDH@carbon-based materials and their applications in Li-S batteries. Key aspects include the synthesis methods of LDH derivatives and their role as sulfur hosts, separators, and interlayers. By highlighting their performance-improving mechanisms, this paper identifies the challenges and research gaps and the importance of continued development in this field to advance Li-S battery technology.

Accurate state-of-charge (SoC) estimation in lithium-ion batteries is crucial for efficient energy management, safe operation, and extended battery lifespan. Although sliding mode observers (SMOs) are widely used for this purpose, conventional first-order designs often suffer from chattering and slow convergence, resulting in noisy and less reliable estimation signals. This paper proposes a finite-time second-order sliding mode observer (SO-SMO) for accurate SoC estimation based on an equivalent circuit model of the battery. The proposed observer analytically derives a closed-form expression for the finite convergence time, enabling predictable estimation dynamics. Moreover, it eliminates chattering and significantly improves estimation smoothness and robustness against modeling uncertainties and measurement noise. A comparative analysis with the Extended Kalman Filter and traditional SMO demonstrates that the proposed method achieves higher estimation accuracy and faster convergence while maintaining lower computational complexity, making it well-suited for real-time applications. Theoretical analysis and simulation results confirm that the SO-SMO offers a superior balance between accuracy, robustness, and efficiency, establishing its potential for next-generation battery management systems in electric and hybrid vehicles.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were homogeneously deposited on the surface of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and then encapsulated by an outer titanium oxide (TiO₂) layer. This SiO₂/Ag/TiO₂ geometry (denoted as SiO₂-Ag@TiO₂ nanoreactor, where “@” denotes a gap) composite was successfully developed via a conventional sacrificial method followed by partial etching. This special SiO₂, Ag, TiO₂ bearing-construction (BC) catalyst exhibits superior catalytic and exceptional stability performance when used in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under ultraviolet light (UV light) and visible light, compared with pure TiO₂ shell and traditional Ag/TiO₂ yolk–shell (Ag-TiO₂). This enhanced catalytic efficiency is primarily attributed to synergistic effects derived from Ag NPs “locking and guarding” mechanism in the presence of amino-SiO₂ and outer TiO₂. In this regard, our rational BC design concept proposed a state-of-the-art strategy and provided an opportunity to shorten the distance between theory and practical applications in solar conversion, such as water splitting technology, photovoltaic, and solar cells.