Battery Energy最新文献

The development of efficient, stable, and cost-effective bifunctional electrocatalysts, particularly those based on earth-abundant elements, is essential for the advancement and large-scale deployment of rechargeable zinc–air batteries (ZABs). In this study, we report the synthesis and electrochemical evaluation of FeMnOx–graphene composites as bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen reduction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reactions (OER). Three catalysts were prepared using a patented process by Gnanomat SL with different graphene nanoplatelets of different physicochemical properties and characterized through XRD, TEM, STEM-EDS, XPS, TGA, and BET analyses. All samples exhibited poor crystallinity and, according to XPS analysis, showed similar surface phases attributed to Fe₂O₃ or Fe³⁺ oxyhydroxide species and Mn₃O₄. Meanwhile, the graphene support influenced the final surface area and oxide dispersion of the composite. Electrochemical testing using a three-electrode system revealed that FeMn-graphene composites, synthesized with high-surface-area graphene, exhibit promising bifunctional activity for both the ORR and OER. Full-cell ZAB testing confirmed improved charge-discharge performance and excellent cycling stability over 500 h at 10 mA cm⁻². These findings highlight the potential of FeMnOx–graphene composites as sustainable and efficient bifunctional air electrodes, providing an attractive alternative to bifunctional catalysts based on critical elements like Co.

Nanotechnology is emerging as a transformative force in the electric vehicle (EV) industry, offering sustainable, renewable and innovative solutions to longstanding challenges in battery performance, energy efficiency, material weight, and environmental sustainability. This review synthesizes recent advancements in nanomaterials and their integration into EV technologies. Nanostructured silicon anodes demonstrate energy densities up to 4200 mAh/gnearly ten times higher than conventional graphite anodeswhile graphene-enhanced supercapacitors deliver power densities in the range of 10–100 kW/kg, enabling rapid energy delivery. Lightweight nanocomposites reduce overall vehicle mass by 20%–30%, translating to a 10%–15% improvement in energy efficiency. Thermoelectric nanomaterials can recover 5%–10% of waste heat, and high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (25%–28%) offer auxiliary power solutions, potentially extending vehicle range by 10%–15%. Additionally, nanotechnology facilitates closed-loop recycling systems capable of recovering up to 95% of critical raw materials, while enhancing battery lifespan by approximately 30%, thus mitigating environmental impact. However, key barriers such as high production costs (e.g., graphene at $100–$1000 per gram) and limited cycle life (300–500 cycles) remain. Future innovations aim to reduce production costs by 50%–70% and significantly improve durability. Projections suggest that by 2030, nanotechnology could increase EV range by 30%–50%, reduce charging times by up to 50%, and lower manufacturing costs by 20%–30%, contributing to a 30%–50% reduction in transportation-related greenhouse gas emissions by 2050.

Vanadium is classified as a “critical metal”; therefore, the recycling of vanadium-containing wastes–such as electrolytes from redox flow cells–represents a valuable contribution towards the more sustainable use of this element. Among various methods for processing concentrated vanadium-containing leachates, the precipitation of NH₄VO₃ is particularly favourable, as pure V₂O₅ can be obtained through thermal treatment of the resulting precipitate. In a novel approach, N-cetyl-N,N,N, trimethylammonium bromide (CTABr), a representative of larger quaternary organic ammonium ions, was investigated for precipitation of V(V) from a diluted, neutral V(V) solution. These ions decompose upon incineration, releasing V₂O₅ from the collected precipitate. CTABr was added to a waste electrolyte containing 2,076 mg L⁻¹ (40.76 mM) of vanadium, and the V-containing precipitate was collected. Using a CTABr:V molar ratio of 1.23:1 the vanadium concentration in the filtrate was reduced to 14 mg L⁻¹ V, corresponding to over 94% removal of the initial vanadium content. Elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the incinerated residue indicated a V₂O₅ content of 66 wt.%, without further optimisation. This new method demonstrates a general approach for the efficient recovery of vanadium from diluted waste electrolytes and vanadium-containing leachates.

Amine-based chloroaluminate electrolytes were developed and assessed in this initial feasibility study, the first investigation of this family for aluminium batteries. Primary, secondary, and tertiary amines with different aliphatic chain lengths were evaluated as precursors. Electrochemical performance was measured by potentiometry, real time viscosity changes were probed with a quartz crystal resonator, and aluminium deposit morphology was characterised by optical and atomic force microscopy. Two systems emerged as promising. Triethylamine/AlCl₃ remained solid without additives up to 313 K. Under polarisation, quartz crystal resonator measurements showed a sharp, reversible decrease in effective viscosity near the electrode, consistent with a localised potential induced solid to liquid transition reported in ionic liquids, and an associated increase in ionic transport. Dodecylamine, AlCl₃ displayed an electrochemical stability window of approximately 1.5 V, comparable to electrolytes already explored for charge storage devices. Both electrolytes exhibited high Faradaic efficiency and redox reversibility, and produced smooth, uniform aluminium deposits. The distinctive features observed here motivate mechanistic studies, long term stability testing, and a systematic survey of amines to develop an optimal solid-state aluminium electrolyte for future devices.

Separators play a critical role in ensuring the performance and, most importantly, the safety of Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, a novel HDPE-based separator with exceptional performance and safety features is developed through a comprehensive and multifaceted method, including Al₂O₃ nanowires as reinforcing filler to enhance mechanical strength, boehmite (AlOOH) nanoparticle coating to improve dimensional stability, and electron irradiation to enhance the binding efficiency of PVDF binder through crosslinking. The resultant separator has mechanical strength 2.57 times that of a bare HDPE separator and thermal shrinkage of only 3.22% in contrast to 90% for bare HDPE at 150°C. The ionic conductivity and battery performance, including rate capability and cycling performance, underscore the superiority of the resultant separator over the bare HDPE separator. This innovative approach provides a promising pathway for developing high-performance separators, addressing critical challenges in advanced LIB applications.

In the quest for cost-effective and safe aqueous zinc ion batteries for specific applications, resourceful biomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their diverse surface chemistry, structural diversity, biocompatibility, and environmental friendliness. Herein, we mitigate water activity and the proliferation of zinc dendrites by integrating fresh ginger, which contains the main component (5S)-5-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)decan-3-one (denoted as 6G), into the aqueous ZnSO₄ electrolyte (ZSO). This straightforward method demonstrates that the 6G electrolyte additive not only alters the initial hydrogen bond but also creates an extraordinary Zn²⁺ solvation shell. In situ optical microscopy further validates the homogeneous and dense deposition of zinc, attributed to the adsorption of 6G on the zinc slab. The innovative ZSO+6G electrolyte provides Zn||Zn symmetric cells with exceptional cycle stability for 1550 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm⁻². Meanwhile, the Zn||Cu asymmetric cell attains an impressive average Coulombic efficiency of 99.26% at 1 mA cm⁻². This study introduces an appealing method for optimizing electrolytes using bio-materials to adjust coordination chemistry for the enhancement of durable zinc anodes.

This study introduces a multifunctional carbon fiber–carbon nanotube (CFCNT) architecture as a lightweight, thermally stable, and recyclable current collector for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Compatible with both graphite anodes and LiFePO₄ cathodes, the CFCNT platform reduces collector mass to 4.4 mg/cm²—substantially lower than conventional copper (10.1 mg/cm²) and aluminum (5.1 mg/cm²) while enhancing electrical conductivity and interfacial stability. Full pouch cells employing CFCNT collectors achieve an initial capacity of 153 mAh/g and retain 126 mAh/g after 150 cycles (0.11% fade per cycle), with > 91% coulombic efficiency. Safety testing reveals minimal thermal response (< 2°C rise) during nail penetration, underscoring robust mechanical and electrochemical resilience. Critically, the architecture enables direct recovery and reuse of electrodes and current collectors, supporting a closed-loop recycling strategy. These results position CFCNT collectors as a viable pathway toward safer, high-performance, and circular energy storage technologies.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their tunable redox-active properties and environmental benefits. However, the influence of electrolytes on COF-based battery performance remains poorly understood at the molecular level. In this study, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interaction between terephthalaldehyde and 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene COF (DAAQ-TFP-COF) and two organic electrolytes: lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) and LiPF₆ in a mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC/DEC). Our simulations reveal different lithium coordination environments: while LiTFSI in TEGDME shows better salt dissociation, LiPF₆ in EC/DEC exhibits higher lithium self-diffusion coefficients, despite greater coordination to the COF structure. We identify that lithium transport is primarily mediated by the organic solvent, with COF coordination sites hindering mobility. These findings highlight the importance of electrolyte selection in optimizing COF-based electrodes for LIBs and provide novel insights into the interplay between structural properties and ionic dynamics in porous frameworks.

Lithium-ion batteries are essential in modern energy systems, supplying electricity to many consumer products that require dependable operation. This study introduces a novel method for predicting the remaining useful life (RUL) and end-of-life (EoL) of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) using the long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The process includes getting the data ready, using exponential smoothing (ES), making a sequence, using the double lightning search algorithm (DLSA) to find the best hyperparameters, and doing iterative LSTM modeling. ES is utilized to preprocess data, reduce noise, and improve input quality for the subsequent model phases, while the iterative integration of LSTM modeling and DLSA hyperparameter optimization enhances capacity estimates across the entire battery lifecycle. The model performance is assessed using basic statistical measures, indicating consistent accuracy in predicting the state of health (SOH) and RUL. The way the time series is set up lets the LSTM accurately find important time-based relationships, even when there is much noise. Adaptive hyperparameter selection through DLSA safeguards against fluctuating degradation rates, yielding an average error of under ±0.002 ampere-hours in capacity prediction. Systematic sampling and normalization make calculations faster without changing the quality of the data. Data from the NASA Prognostics Center of Excellence on LIB performance and degradation are used to validate the model. This predictive modeling approach shows how data smoothing, deep learning, and intelligent search algorithms can improve RUL and EoL forecasts for real-time battery health monitoring and operational safety.

Aqueous zinc-based batteries (ZIBs) are considered promising energy storage solutions, particularly targeting low-cost applications needed for levelling electricity production from renewable energy sources. However, numerous challenges need to be overcome to bring the technology to the market, chiefly including cathode dissolution, dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution reaction, and zinc corrosion. The optimisation of the electrolyte, particularly the use of gel-polymer electrolytes (GPEs), is demonstrated as a viable approach to solve or mitigate such issues. In this respect, a comparative study of two GPEs based on biopolymers, agarose and sodium alginate, is presented here. Despite the fast and facile preparation procedure, the GPEs demonstrate to be strongly effective in suppressing dendrite and byproduct formation on zinc metal anodes, due to the abundant ─OH groups along the chains in polymeric matrices. The electrochemical behaviour of GPEs is evaluated in terms of galvanostatic cycling in laboratory-scale zinc metal cells with a CaV₆O₁₆·3H₂O cathode at low and high active material loadings of 2.5 and 5 mg cm⁻², respectively. Resulting cycling performances in terms of specific capacity and rate capability are comparable (low loading electrodes) and even outperform (high loading electrodes) those obtained with a standard liquid electrolyte (2M ZnSO₄) laboratory-scale cell, thus accounting for the promising prospects of the bio-polymer GPEs as an alternative green, sustainable electrolyte for next-generation Zn-based batteries.