Battery Energy最新文献

Front Cover: Solid-state electrolytes are essential for developing safe and efficient lithium metal batteries. In article number BTE.70007, Xinhao Yang and co-workers investigate the effect of AlF₃ incorporation on lithium borate glass electrolytes, revealing a counterintuitive performance deterioration. While fluoride additives are widely used to enhance interfacial stability, their incorporation into the glass matrix was found to reduce ionic conductivity and lead to early short-circuiting under moderate current densities. In contrast, fluoride-free lithium borate glasses exhibited excellent thermal stability, wide electrochemical windows, and maintained stable operation for 500 hours under current densities ranging from 0.04 to 1 mA cm^-2. This work provides critical insights into the complex interplay between fluoride content, glass chemistry, and electrochemical performance, offering new guidelines for interfacial design in solid-state batteries.

Alkaline aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFB) show great potential as viable options for storing energy in commercial power grids. While there has been notable advancement in the development of anolytes, there has been a lack of focus on the catholyte component. In this study, we present a novel all-alkaline AORFB that utilizes a highly soluble catholyte based on manganese (Mn). The formulated combination of catholyte, MnO₄^–/NaOH, has remarkably high solubility, approximately 3.9 M, and possesses a theoretical capacity of 105 Ah L^–1. This capacity is the greatest among all reported catholytes thus far. Half-cell experiments indicate that there is a high level of reversibility and stability, with minimal capacity degradation over time. In addition to three-electrode configuration, the efficacy of MnO₄^–/NaOH is evaluated in full-cell redox flow systems utilizing alizarin as anolyte. The AORFB shows an open circuit voltage of approximately 1.3 V, which is nearly 250 mV higher than the state-of-the-art ferrocyanide-based AORFBs. This resulted in an energy and power output that is approximately 20% higher. In addition, the system exhibits consistent performance with minimal decrease in capacity (0.1% per day) while achieving approximately 85% energy efficiency and 100% coulombic efficiency. The impact of the cutoff potential and plausible degradation mechanisms of the catholyte are also discussed. The findings of this electrolyte formulation offer fresh impetus for developing high-capacity all-alkaline AORFBs.

This study reports the utilization of indium oxychloride (InOCl) as a promising electrode material for rechargeable lithium-ion battery (LIB), magnesium ion battery (MIB), and aluminum ion battery (AIB). The anodic properties of InOCl are carefully investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations to explore structural, electronic, transport, and electrochemical characteristics. The results reveal that InOCl stores more metal ions than the commercially used anode materials. The values of the charge capacity are found as 3604, 4700, 2820 mAhg⁻¹ for LIBs, MIBs and AIBs,respectively which shows that InOCl could be a capable anode material. The open circuit voltage of the host material is given as 2.05 V for Li, 1.7 V for Mg and 0.95 V for Al, respectively. The volume expansion is calculated as 9.12%, 3.6% and 15.5% for LIBs, MIBs and AIBs, respectively which points to resilience of the host against swelling during charge/discharge cycles. The electrochemical performance of the host is studied on the basis of diffusion kinetics and transition barrier faced by Li-ions, Mg-ions and Al-ions. The minimum energy barrier is calculated as 0.20, 0.80, and 0.44 eV whereas the values of diffusion coefficient are calculated as 1.14 × 10⁻⁹, 1.1 × 10^–11, and 0.88 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s for LIBs, MIBs and AIBs, respectively. Furthermore, the respective values of ionic conductivity are calculated as 10.32 × 10⁻², 1.1 × 10⁻², and for 8.50 × 10⁻³ S/m.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a frontier technology for high-sensitivity analysis of molecules and chemical substances, and a useful tool in the sensing field relying on fingerprint recognition ability, high sensitivity, multiple detection, biocompatibility, and so forth. SERS substrates have been well concerned attributed to their ability to enhance Raman signals, which makes them useful in various applications, including sensing and detection. At the same time, flexible SERS substrates enable sample loads to meet requirements and, therefore, have high sensitivity for Raman detection, but the detection capacity is still limited. In this paper, the basic principle and method of SERS were reviewed, and some new trends of micro- and nanostructured SERS substrates were reviewed from the aspects of material, matrix type, preparation, and application.

Solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is a potential way to solve the safety problems of lithium metal batteries (LMBs), and Li_6.5La₃Zr_1.5Ta_0.5O₁₂ (LLZTO) is one of the most extensive research SSEs due to its good air stability and wide electrochemical window. However, the residual alkali on LLZTO surface limits its application with polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF)-contained binders, and the uncontrollable lithium dendrites growing between the grain boundaries of LLZTO particles would lead to rapid capacity fading and potential short circuit risk. Herein, by in situ coating Li₃PO₄ (LPO) on LLZTO particles (LLZTO@LPO) evenly, the residual alkali on the LLZTO surface is neutralized and the pH value is reduced to 8.84. The modified LLZTO can be mixed with PVDF solution and shows good fluidity without a cross-linking reaction, making the subsequent ceramic coating on the separator feasible. The LLZTO@LPO coating polyethylene (PE) separator can achieve 1400 h (115% increase) stable cycling under 1 mA cm⁻² current density in the Li∥Li symmetrical cell and 80% capacity retention after 260 cycles (NCM622-Li coin cell with 3 mAh cm⁻² loading). Furthermore, the LLZTO SSE pellets were prepared with the LLZTO@LPO and assembled in coin cell. The critical current density (CCD) result increases from 0.7 to 1.6 mA cm⁻² owing to that the LPO coating effectively inhibits the lithium dendrites formation through LLZTO grain boundaries. This work provides a strategy for fabricating the coating layer on LLZTO to improve the stability of LMBs.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries offer high theoretical energy density, yet their practical application is limited by critical issues, including the polysulfide shuttle effect and irregular lithium deposition. To address these issues, we employ a natural protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), to functionalize the commercial separator for enhancing the performance of Li-S batteries. The functionalization is prepared by well integrating denatured BSA and a polar polymer, poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) (PHFP), onto separators via a viable solution process. BSA features ionizable functional groups, imparts a negatively charged surface, enabling both the repulsion of polysulfides toward the cathode and favorable interactions with lithium ions at the anode interface. The PHFP matrix ensures mechanical integrity and thermal stability while maintaining the denatured conformation of BSA to expose its functional active sites. The resulting BSA-PHFP-modified separator exhibits enhanced electrolyte wettability, promotes uniform lithium-ion flux, and effectively mitigates shuttle-induced degradation. As a result, the modified separator enables Li-S cells to deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 782.1 mAh g⁻¹ and retain 414 mAh g⁻¹ over 500 cycles at 0.5 A g⁻¹. This study highlights the promise of bio-derived materials in designing multifunctional components in advancing high-performance Li-S battery systems.

Anode-less all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are emerging as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage, offering exceptional energy density, inherent safety, and streamlined manufacturability. However, their widespread adoption is hindered by the risk of internal short-circuiting stemming from the uncontrolled propagation of lithium (Li) dendrites, especially during high-current operation. This study introduces a nanoscale dual-layer lithiophilic architecture for the anode-less electrode—a gold (Au) film as the outer layer with a magnesium (Mg) layer underneath—to address this challenge. By exploiting the divergent electrochemical kinetics of these metals, Li nucleation is selectively confined to the underlying Mg layer, while the Au overlayer serves as a conformal barrier to mitigate dendrite penetration. The engineered interface enabled stable cycling with 81.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles at a high current density of 3.5 mA cm⁻² and room temperature (25°C), alongside robust operation in a pouch-cell configuration under a modest stack pressure of 4 MPa. These findings highlight the strategic importance of dual-metal lithiophilic designs with the ability to synergistically tailor the nucleation dynamics, as a scalable pathway for practical anode-less ASSBs.

Aqueous rechargeable zinc-iodine (Zn-I₂) batteries have emerged as a promising energy storage solution, offering benefits such as affordability, high energy density, and enhanced safety. However, challenges like the thermodynamic instability of the iodine cathode and undesirable interfacial reactions at the zinc anode lead to issues such as slow redox kinetics, multiple iodide shuttles, and zinc dendrites. This paper reviews the basic working principles of Zn-I₂ batteries, describes the scientific problems within the iodine conversion and zinc stripping-plating processes, and details specific strategies to solve the Zn-I₂ battery problems with a focus on the electrolyte optimization. In view of the fact that aqueous Zn-I₂ batteries are still in their infancy, the review aims to provide insights for optimizing their design and advancing their real-world applications.

The energy management system (EMS) is becoming a focal point of research in the renewable energy sector, especially when integrating PV solar systems, BESS, and a standby diesel generator of a microgrid (MG). The EMS controls, monitors, and manages the power dispatch of different integrated sources based on the strategy that balances the demand with the supply, with the available energy sources related to solar and BESS. The EMS application strategy directly affects the BESS SOH and, thus, increases its operational remaining useful lifetime (RUL). Therefore, this study develops an intelligent EMS (iEMS) implemented within the MG based on predictive artificial neural network (ANN) control power dispatch strategy. The proposed iEMS has proved to be effective and accurate (MAE = 6.43%) which improved and optimized the BESS SOH through the prosecution of a 6-h prediction on blackout occurrence and noncritical load shedding. Consequently the iEMS preserved the SOH to 33% (an increase of 45% compared to classical EMS) and decreased the blackout occurrence by 56% (−5203 h) in contrast with the classical EMS where the SOH reached 20% and blackout occurrences totaled 11,899 h. This proves that the model is effective, and the control logic avoids high loads being dispatched from the BESS at critical time intervals where the AI model predicts a blackout occurrence.

Sodium batteries are a suitable alternative to lithium batteries due to the limited availability of lithium metal resources. Research on polymer electrolytes based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in sodium batteries has been limited. However, studies on PMMA-based polymer electrolytes in sodium batteries have shown that the use of fillers is an effective method for improving the ionic conductivity of PMMA. Another approach that can significantly enhance the conductivity of this type of electrolyte is the introduction of porosity into the electrolyte. In the present study, the electrochemical properties of a porous polymer electrolyte based on PMMA are investigated. The cross-linked PMMA-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are prepared via a photopolymerization technique, and the porosity of the prepared electrolyte is achieved through an etching method using a solvent. The results showed that the introduction of porosity enhances the ionic conductivity of GPEs in sodium-ion batteries. The optimized GPE exhibited an ionic conductivity of 1.56 mS cm⁻¹ at room temperature, excellent electrochemical stability (upper 4.5 V), and a specific capacity of 138.9 mAh g⁻¹. These findings highlight the potential of porous PMMA-based GPEs for the development of high-performance sodium ion batteries, offering a viable pathway toward next-generation energy storage technologies.