Battery Energy最新文献

Simulation models are of great importance in understanding the complexities of the internal electrochemical processes within batteries, aiding in design optimization and advancing energy storage technologies. One of the central challenges lies in predicting battery lifespan and elucidating side reactions under extreme operating conditions. This study aims to design an electrochemical model that considers multiple side reactions to predict the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries in high temperature environments. First, a basic simulation framework is established using a simplified electrochemical-mechanical coupling model. Subsequently, multiscale characterization of aged batteries is performed to identify five types of side reactions, encompassing phenomena such as solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth, cracking of negative electrode particles, electrolyte oxidation and decomposition/deposition of active materials. A comprehensive battery life prediction model is constructed by modeling these side reactions. Finally, the accuracy of the life prediction is validated using high temperature cycling data. The conclusions reveal that electrolyte decomposition and the loss of active material are the primary causes of battery degradation under high temperature conditions.

This study presents a detailed comparative study of lactone-based electrolytes (γ-valerolactone, GVL and γ-butyrolactone, GBL) combined with lithium imide-based salts, namely lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and lithium bis(fluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). Propylene carbonate is employed as a reference electrolyte solvent. The physicochemical properties of these electrolyte systems are determined experimentally and further calculated using our developed computational model. Besides, in-silico investigations are used to reveal valuable insights into the molecular interactions of the electrolyte components, such as self-diffusion coefficients and radial distribution functions. Furthermore, the suitability of lactone-based electrolytes for electrochemical applications is demonstrated by their promising rate capability and cycling stability over 200 cycles in graphite half-cells, especially with 1 M LiTFSI and 2 wt% vinylene carbonate, together with their favorable performance on lithium iron phosphate. An excellent capacity retention achieved in a full-cell configuration (> 80% after 200 cycles) further validates the potential of lactones as battery solvent alternatives, with GVL standing out due to its bio-based origin.

Capacity fading during cycling remains a significant challenge for silicon-based anode materials in Li-ion batteries. Amorphous, sub-stoichiometric silicon carbide (a-SiC_x) nanoparticles have proven to be more stable than pure silicon, albeit with lower lithiation capacities. The incorporation of carbon during the nanoparticle synthesis is highly effective in the suppression of crystalline phases during both synthesis and cycling. In this study, a-SiC_x materials with varying carbon concentrations (up to 22 wt.%) were produced via gas-phase synthesis in a hot-wall reactor. The primary objective is to understand the mechanism of carbon incorporation into the silicon particles, and secondly its impact on material properties and battery performance. Based on extensive materials science investigations and NMR analyses, we have determined that carbon is incorporated together with hydrogen, which further promotes amorphization. Furthermore, cycling analysis shows a strongly increased stability with 85% retention after 200 cycles for materials with more than 10 wt.% carbon, probably mainly due to a reduced buildup of internal resistances and reduced volume expansion. Furthermore, crystalline Si-Li-phases cannot be formed in this material during lithiation enabling deep lithiations, and Coulombic efficiency is increased. These results suggest that a-SiC_x is a promising alternative to pure silicon as an anode material.

Front Cover: Aqueous rechargeable zinc-iodine batteries have emerged as a promising energy storage solution. In article number BTE.20250017, Fei Huang, Weihua Xu and Huibing He provide an in-depth summary and analysis of the current challenges and solutions facing these batteries. The core of their research focuses on the recent strategies for optimizing aqueous zinc-iodine batteries, including accelerating iodine conversion, promoting uniform zinc ion deposition, inhibiting multi-iodide shuttling, lowering energy barriers, electrostatic shielding, and bidentate coordination complexation. This review aims to provide insights and advance the real-world applications of aqueous zinc-iodine batteries.

Hard carbon (HC), an amorphous carbon-based material, is a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its sustainability and electrochemical performance. Direct carbonization offers a simple and energy-efficient synthesis route with relatively high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE), though often at the expense of capacity. To overcome this limitation, both pre-treatment and post-treatment strategies have been developed to enhance HC properties. pre-treatment methods modify structural characteristics during synthesis by increasing structural disorder, surface activity, and defect density. In contrast, post-treatment methods improve the electrochemical behavior of the final product, yet remain comparatively underexplored. These two approaches serve complementary functions and, when integrated, offer potential for optimizing performance. This review discusses the methodologies, benefits, limitations, and impact of various pre- and post-treatment strategies for HC anodes in SIBs. Advancing understanding in this area is essential for the development of high-performance and sustainable SIB technologies.

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have quickly become one of the most popular energy storage sources for electronic devices. The LIB cathode significantly affects the battery's energy density, safety, lifespan, and cost, and LIBs exhibit better chemical and thermal stability. Among various cathode materials, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) has gained significant attention due to its excellent safety, low toxicity, cost-effectiveness, and structural stability, making it a preferred choice for commercial and high-performance battery applications. However, the electrochemical performance of LiFePO₄ is strongly influenced by its morphology and nanostructure. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of hydrothermally synthesized LiFePO₄ nanomaterials, focusing on their structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties. A detailed discussion of 1D, 2D, and 3D LiFePO₄ nanostructures is presented, highlighting their impact on Li-ion transport, conductivity, and overall battery performance. Furthermore, the electronic structure of LiFePO₄ is examined for its charge storage mechanisms. A novel aspect of this review is the application of machine learning techniques to analyze specific capacity variations under different hydrothermal synthesis conditions and electrochemical parameters, offering insights into performance optimization. Finally, the global challenges, prospects, and research opportunities for LiFePO₄-based LIBs are discussed, providing a roadmap for further advancements in this field.

The increasing reliance on renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and portable electronics has intensified the demand for advanced energy storage systems that are both efficient and sustainable. Among the critical components of these systems, electrode materials play a pivotal role in determining performance. In this context, bismuth vanadate (BVO) has emerged as a highly promising material, thanks to its distinctive structural and electrochemical properties. BVO offers immense potential across various energy storage technologies, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) and supercapacitors. Its unique characteristics, such as efficient ion intercalation and robust battery-like behavior, position it as an ideal candidate for next-generation devices. Recent advances in morphological optimization have further enhanced the specific capacitance and cycling stability of BVO-based materials, paving the way for significant progress in energy storage technology. Furthermore, innovative approaches, such as leveraging BVO's photocatalytic capabilities in ZIBs, offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly route to energy storage. This review highlights the transformative potential of BVO as an electrode material, emphasizing its role in addressing the pressing need for energy storage technologies that support clean and renewable energy initiatives. Through detailed exploration, it underscores the adaptability and promise of BVO in shaping the future of sustainable energy solutions.

The interface problem caused by the contact between electrode and solid electrolyte (SE) is the main factor hindering the development of solid-state batteries. And adding liquid electrolyte (LE) at the interface to form a solid–liquid hybrid electrolyte is the common strategy. The ion transport kinetics at the SE/LE interface include an active role for the (de)solvation of ions, and the energy barrier for Li⁺ transport between the liquid and solid phases is closely related to the solvation capacity of the solvent. Herein, the influence of the solvation structure of the electrolyte itself on the interface is investigated. Compared to dimethyl carbonate (DMC), the lower Li⁺ binding energy of tetrahydrofuran (THF) is more easily desolvated at the solid–liquid interface, allowing the formation of abundant aggregates and the generation of inorganic-rich interfacial phases, leading to interfacial compatibility. Using the combination of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based SPE and THF-based LE, the cycle performance and rate performance of LiFePO₄(LFP) |SPE|Li batteries are improved. The Li/Li symmetric cell can achieve stable cycling over 1000 h at a current density of 0.05 mA cm⁻², and LFP/Li half-cell retains 93% of its initial capacity after 100 cycles at 0.5 C. This study can provide inspiration for the design of solid–LE interface.

All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with sulfide-based solid electrolytes (SEs) are promising next-generation lithium-ion batteries owing to their high energy density and safety. The composite electrode is crucial in electrochemical performance, and SE coating on the cathode active material (CAM) is an effective strategy for improving the composite electrode structure. However, despite the importance of conducting agents (CAs) in composite electrodes, their impact on the SE coating process has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, the effect of CA incorporation during the SE coating process on the morphology of the coating layer, composite electrode structure, and resulting electrochemical performance of ASSBs were examined. When the SE coating excluded CA (SE@CAM), a dense SE layer was formed on the CAM surface. By contrast, incorporating carbon black (Super P) during SE coating (SE–SP@CAM) resulted in a Super P-rich SE coating layer, reducing the active surface area and electrical conductivity of electrode and resulting in poor electrochemical performance. Meanwhile, incorporating vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF, 1D CA) during the SE coating process (SE–VGCF@CAM) resulted in the formation of VGCF-embedded SE coating layer. This enlarged the active surface area and facilitated electron conduction, yielding an electrochemical performance higher than that of SE–SP@CAM and comparable to that of SE@CAM. This study revealed the impact of CA incorporation during the SE coating process on the morphology of the coating layer and composite electrode structure. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of the mixing protocol and CA selection in electrode fabrication, offering valuable insights into developing high-performance ASSBs.

Lithium–sulfur batteries offer high theoretical energy density, affordability, and environmental friendliness, but lack commercial viability due to performance issues stemming from Li dendrite growth and the shuttle effect. In this study, we apply a positively charged amino acid in a surface coating for commercial polypropylene separators, endowing it with shuttle-inhibiting and anode-stabilizing functions. The amino acid-modified separator (A-PC@PP) features a nanocomposite interlayer of L-Arginine (Arg), polyacrylic acid (PAA), and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) to trap and convert polysulfides. Meanwhile, Arg and PAA functional groups introduced throughout the separator homogenize the flux of Li⁺, suppressing the growth of dendrites on the Li metal anode. Arising from these favorable functions, Li-S cells equipped with A-PC@PP separators show excellent rate capability (> 530 mAh/g at an ultrahigh current density of 5 A/g) and improved cycling stability (with a low decay rate of 0.068% per cycle for 500 cycles at 0.5 A/g). This study showcases the viability of a promising and abundant amino acid in addressing the critical issues of Li-S batteries.