Battery Energy最新文献

The lead-acid battery system is designed to perform optimally at ambient temperature (25°C) in terms of capacity and cyclability. However, varying climate zones enforce harsher conditions on automotive lead-acid batteries. Hence, they aged faster and showed lower performance when operated at extremity of the optimum ambient conditions. In this work, a systematic study was conducted to analyze the effect of varying temperatures (−10°C, 0°C, 25°C, and 40°C) on the sealed lead acid. Enersys® Cyclon (2 V, 5 Ah) cells were cycled at C/10 rate using a battery testing system. Environmental aging results in shorter cycle life due to the degradation of electrode and grid materials at higher temperatures (25°C and 40°C), while at lower temperatures (−10°C and 0°C), negligible degradation was observed due to slower kinetics and reduced available capacity. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis were used to evaluate the degradation mechanism and chemical and morphological changes.

To follow up on the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have been developed as promising carbon alternatives for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Although attractive, it is still a great challenge to fulfill their capacity utilization with high cycling performance. Herein, a nanoemulsion-directed method has been developed to control the spherical arrangement of ZnS@C units with both penetrating macropores from the center to the surface and inner mesopores distributed among the bulks. With respect to ion diffusion, the penetrating macropores could serve as the built-in ion-buffer reservoirs to keep a steady flow of electrolyte, while the inner mesopores facilitate the ion diffusion across the whole bulks. In terms of stability, the radical porous structure could work as self-supported vertical bones to accommodate the volume change from both lateral and vertical sides. Besides, the localized carbon distributed among the ZnS nanoparticles not only acts as binding agents to join the numerous ZnS nanoparticles but also endows the radical bones with effective electron transmission capability. As a proof of concept, such hydrangea-like ZnS@C nanospheres deliver sodium storage performance with high-rate and long-cycling capability. This nanoemulsion-directed approach is anticipated for other TMSs with penetrating pores for post-lithium-ion batteries applications.

To build an environment-friendly energy-based society, it is important to develop stable and high-performance batteries as an energy storage system. However, there are still unresolved challenges associated with safety issues, slow kinetics, and lifetime. To overcome these problems, it is essential to understand the battery systems including cathode, electrolyte, and anode. Using a well-controlled material system such as epitaxial films, textured films, and single crystals can be a powerful strategy to investigate the relationship between microstructural and electrochemical properties. In this review, we discuss the need for research with well-controlled materials system and recent progress in the well-controlled cathode, solid-state-electrolyte, and anode materials for Li-ion batteries. Enhanced stability and electrochemical performance due to the facilitation of prolonged and endured Li-ion transport in facet-controlled battery materials are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and future directions utilizing the well-controlled battery system for high-performance battery are proposed.

The design and fabrication of flexible, porous, conductive electrodes with customizable functions become the prime challenge in the development of new-generation wearable electronics, especially for rechargeable batteries. Here, the NiCo bialloy particulate catalyst-loaded self-supporting carbon foam framework (NiCo@SCF) as a flexible electrode has been fabricated through one facile adsorption-pyrolysis method using a commercial melamine foam. Compared with the electrode with Pt/C and Ir/C benchmark catalysts, the NiCo@SCF electrode exhibited superior bifunctional electrocatalytic performance in alkaline media with a half-wave potential of 0.906 V for oxygen reduction reaction, an overpotential of 286 mV at j = 10 mA cm⁻² for oxygen evolution reaction, and stable bifunctional performance with a small degradation after 20,000 voltammetric cycles. The as-assembled aqueous zinc–air battery (ZAB) with NiCo@SCF as a self-supporting air cathode demonstrated a high peak power density of 178.6 mW cm⁻² at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² and a stable voltage gap of 0.94 V over a 540 h charge−discharge operation. Remarkably, the as-assembled flexible solid-state ZAB with self-supporting NiCo@SCF as the air cathode presented an engaging peak power density of 80.1 mW cm⁻² and excellent durability of 95 h undisrupted operation, showing promise for the design of wearable ZAB. The demonstrated electrode fabrication approach exemplifies a facile, large-scale avenue toward functional electrodes, potentially extendable to other wearable electronics for broader applications.

Sulfur particles coated by activation of metal alkoxide precursors, aluminum–sulfur (Alu–S) and vanadium–sulfur (Van–S), were produced by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma technology under low temperature and ambient pressure conditions. We report a safe, solvent-free, low-cost, and low-energy consumption coating process that is compatible for sustainable technology up-scaling. NMR, XPS, SEM, and XRD characterization methods were used to determine the chemical characteristics and the superior behavior of Li–S cells using metal oxide-based coated sulfur materials. The chemical composition of the coatings is a mixture of the different elements present in the metal alkoxide precursor. The presence of alumina Al₂O₃ within the coating was confirmed. Multi-C rate and long-term galvanostatic cycling at rate C/10 showed that the rate capability losses and capacity fade could be highly mitigated for the Li–S cells containing the coated sulfur materials in comparison to the references uncoated (raw) sulfur. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) confirm the lower charge-transfer resistance and potential hysteresis in the electrodes containing the coated sulfur particles. Our results show that the electrochemical performance of the Li–S cells based on the different coating materials can be ranked as Alu-S > Van-S > Raw sulfur.

Manganese-based compounds have been regarded as the most promising cathode materials for rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their high theoretical capacity. Unfortunately, aqueous Zn–manganese dioxide (MnO₂) batteries have poor cycling stability and are unstable across a wide temperature range, severely limiting their commercial application. Cationic preinsertion and defect engineering might increase active sites and electron delocalization, which render the high mobility of the MnO₂ cathode when operated across a wide temperature range. In the present work, for the first time, we successfully introduced lithium ions and ammonium ions into manganese dioxide (LNMO_d@CC) by an electrodeposition combined with low-temperature calcination route using spent lithium manganate as a raw material. The obtained LNMO_d@CC exhibits a high reversible capacity (300 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹) and an outstanding long lifespan of over 9000 cycles at 5.0 A g⁻¹ with a capacity of 152 mAh g⁻¹, which is significant for both the high-value recycling of spent lithium manganate batteries and high-performance modification for MnO₂ cathodes. Besides, the LNMO_d@CC demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance across wide temperature ranges (0–50°C). This strategy simultaneously alleviates the shortage of raw materials and fabricates electrodes for new battery systems. This work provides a new strategy for recovering cathode materials of spent lithium-ion batteries and designing aqueous multivalent ion batteries.

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) are often criticized for their low discharge capacity and poor cyclic capability despite their inherent high working voltage, low manufacturing cost, and environmental friendliness. To solve these shortcomings, many attempts and efforts have been devoted, but all ended in unsatisfactory results. Herein, a hierarchical porous carbon nanosphere anode with ultrahigh nitrogen doping is developed, which exhibits fast ion transport kinetics and excellent Li⁺ storage capability. Moreover, employing a concentrated electrolyte is expected to bring a series of advantages such as stable SEI for facilitating ion transmission, enhanced cycling performance, high specific capacity, and operation voltage. These advantages endow the assembled full DIBs with excellent performance as a super-high specific discharge capacity of 351 mAh g⁻¹ and can be cycled stably for 1300 cycles with Coulombic efficiency (CE) remaining at 99.5%; a high operating voltage range of 4.95–3.63 V and low self-discharge rate of 2.46% h⁻¹ with stable fast charging-slow discharging performance. Through electrochemical measurements and physical characterizations, the possible working mechanism of the proof-of-concept full battery and the structural variations of electrodes during cycling are investigated. The design strategy of novel battery system in this work will promote the development of high-performance DIBs.

Front Cover: In article number BTE2.20220064, P. W. Menezes and co-workers present a systematic summarization of the specific functional units involving electrodes, separators, interface modifiers, and electrolytes that metal-organic frameworks can act as in advanced secondary batteries as well as their related design strategies to underline their functions.

Back Cover: In article number BTE2.20220049, Zhihong Liu and co-workers have shown that A polyvinylene carbonate based quasi solid-state composite polymer electrolyte with high ionic conductivity is demonstrated for lithium-ion battery. Multiple function of SN induced the rapid transference of lithium ion in quasi solid-state composite polymer electrolyte.

Recycling lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is fundamental for resource recovery, reducing energy consumption, decreasing emissions, and minimizing environmental risks. The inherited properties of materials and design are not commonly attributed to the complexity of recycling LIBs and their effects on the recycling process. The state-of-the-art battery recycling methodology consequently suffers from poor recycling efficiency and high consumption from issues with the cathode and the binder material. As a feasibility study, high-energy-density cathode material LiFeMnPO₄ with a water-soluble polyacrylic acid (PAA) binder is extracted with dilute hydrochloric acid at room temperature under oxidant-free conditions. The cathode is wholly leached with high purity and is suitable for reuse. The cathode is easily separated from its constituent materials and reduces material and energy consumption during recycling by 20% and 7%, respectively. This strategy is utilized to fabricate recyclable-oriented LiFeMnPO₄/graphite LIBs with a PAA binder and carbon paper current collector. Finally, the limitation of the solubility of the binder is discussed in terms of recycling. This research hopefully provides guidance for recycling-oriented design for the circular economy of the LIB industry.