Battery Energy最新文献

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted a lot of attention owing to their low cost, as well as similar working mechanism and manufacturing technique to lithium-ion batteries. However, the practical application of SIBs is severely hindered by limited electrode materials. Disordered carbons are reported to be promising as anode materials for SIBs. Here, for the first time, calcium lignosulfonate (LSCa), one papermaking waste, is explored as a novel low-cost precursor for carbon materials of SIBs. The optimized LSCa-derived carbon delivers a high reversible capacity of 317 mA h g⁻¹ at 30 mA g⁻¹ with ~60% plateau capacity, and it retains a capacity of 170 mA h g⁻¹ even at 3000 mA g⁻¹. These achievements are ascribed to the larger d₀₀₂ values, smaller defects, and more closed pores, compared with the original sample from the direct carbonization of LSCa.

The global transition toward sustainable energy sources has prompted a paradigm shift in the field of energy storage. The separator is an important component in rechargeable batteries, which facilitates the rapid passage of ions and ensures the safety and efficiency of the electrochemical process by preventing direct contact between the anode and cathode. Traditional polyolefin-based separators induce environmental concerns due to their nonbiodegradable nature. Biomass-based separators derived from renewable sources such as plant fibers, agricultural waste, and biopolymers have emerged as promising alternatives to traditional polymer separators. In this review, we summarize the current state and development of biomass-based separators for high-performance batteries, including innovative manufacturing techniques, novel biomass materials, functionalization strategies, performance evaluation methods, and potential applications. The review also delves into the environmental impact and sustainability analysis of biomass-based separators, offering insights into the potential of biomass as the most sustainable resource for future energy storage solutions. This review could provide a holistic understanding of the advancements and potential of biomass-based separators, shedding light on the path toward sustainable and efficient energy storage based on biomass-derived separators.

Front Cover: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as a new type of functional materials, have received much attention in recent years. In article number BTE.20230074, Ben-jian Xin and Xing-long Wu summary and analyses the recent advances of MOFs in the field of sodium/potassium ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs). In addition, this paper describes the working principle, advantages and challenges of MOFs in SIBs/PIBs, strategies to improve the electrochemical performance. It provides some guidance for the future application of MOFs in SIBs/PIBs.

Back Cover: Vanadium disulfide, as a representative anode material for lithium-ion batteries, plays a crucial role in promoting the development of batteries. In article number BTE.20240001, Lu Wang, Hao Dang, Tianqi He, Rui Liu, Rui Wang and Fen Ran modified vanadium disulfide as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. By encapsulating vanadium disulfide with polydopamine, on the one hand, the structural collapse of vanadium disulfide is suppressed, and on the other hand, the adhesive function is exerted, achieving rapid storage of lithium ions, which has certain reference significance for the design of fast-charging lithium-ion batteries.

The importance of network binder for improving cycling lifespan of silicon (Si) anode needs no further emphasis. However, the linear structure of natural polymer hardly creates a robust network binder. Herein, we propose a facile strategy of establishing a robust network binder by using small molecules of tartaric acid (TA) to locally link sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Through hydrogen or covalent bonds, the resultant CMC-TA binder exhibits improved tensile and adhesive properties. The Si anode using CMC-TA binder delivers a satisfactory specific capacity of 2213 mAh g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at the rate of 0.2 C, with a capacity retention rate of 68.8%. This result has well confirmed the effectiveness of using small molecules to reinforce hydrogen-bonding linking between CMC and between Si particles for a high-performance Si anode.

Developing promising substitutes of lithium (Li) metal anode that suffers from a serious interfacial instability against the solid electrolyte (SE) is a formidable challenge for the all-solid-state battery. Aluminum (Al), a highly potential candidate owing to its high specific capacity and relatively low working potential, however, cannot withstand stable cycling in all-solid-state battery due to the fast structural collapse caused by the solid/solid contact at the Al/SE interface. Herein, a Li spreading layer consisting of metallic nickel (Ni) particles at the Al surface is proposed to raise the performance of Al anode in all-solid-state battery. Owing to the immiscibility between Ni and Li solid phases, this Li spreading layer can enable a uniform distribution of Li atoms over the electrode surface followed by a stable Li–Al alloying/dealloying processes, suppressing the stress deformation at the Al/SE interface and significantly improving the cycling performance of Al anode in all-solid-state battery. The modified Al anode not only outperforms the bare Al significantly, but also exhibits superior cyclability and rate ability compared with the Li anode. This work provides an efficient strategy to promote the application of Al anode in all-solid-state battery, and is expected to be generalized for other alloy anodes.

Front Cover: The recycling of graphite negative electrodes of spent lithium batteries meets the requirements of environmental protection and realizes the recycling of resources. In article number BTE.20230067, Ji et al. utilized the hydrothermal method to recycle the graphite negative electrodes of spent lithium batteries, chose different removal methods for different impurity metals, and finally repaired the graphite by medium temperature calcination. The performance of the regenerated graphite was greatly improved, and the purpose of high efficiency and low energy consumption resourceful recycling of spent graphite was realized.

As a typical representative of vanadium-based sulfides, vanadium disulfide has attracted the attention of researchers ascribed to its high theoretical capacity and unique crystal structure. However, overcoming its structural collapse while achieving dual functionalization that serves as both active material and binder remains challenging. This study designs a dopamine-coating vanadium disulfide core-shell structure through the synergistic effect of V-O bonds and hydrogen bonds between vanadium disulfide and dopamine, which is further employed as a dual-function electrode material. The polydopamine-coated vanadium disulfide without binder exhibits specific capacity of 682.03 mAh g⁻¹, and the Coulombic efficiency of 99.78% at a current density of 200 mA g⁻¹ after 400 cycles. More importantly, at a larger current density of 1000 mA g⁻¹, the specific capacity is 385.44 mAh g⁻¹ after 1500 cycles. After 3150 cycles, the specific capacity is 200.32 mAh g⁻¹ at 2000 mA g⁻¹. Electrochemical kinetics analysis displays that the polydopamine-coated vanadium disulfide without binder exhibits fast ion-diffusion kinetics, with the order of magnitude of ion-diffusion coefficients ranging from 10⁻¹¹ to 10⁻¹². This kind of material has the potential to be a significantly promising electrode material for “fast-charging” lithium-ion batteries.

Battery cell balancing plays a vital role in maximizing the performance of the battery system by enhancing battery system capacity and prolonging the battery system life expectancy. Active cell balancing using power converters is a promising approach to maintaining uniform state of charges (SoCs) and temperatures across battery cells. The SoC balancing function in the battery management system (BMS) increases the battery pack capacity, and the temperature balancing function mitigates variations in the aging of battery cells due to unbalanced temperatures. In this work, a finite-state machine-based control design is proposed for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) battery cells in series to balance SoCs and temperatures using flyback converters. The primary objective of this design is to ensure balanced SoCs by the end of the charging session while mitigating the temperature imbalance during the charging process. To achieve the SoC and temperature balancing functions using the same balancing circuits, a finite-state machine control design decides on the operating mode, and a balancing strategy balances either temperature or SoC depending on the operating mode. The proposed control design has the advantages of low computational burden, simple implementation compared to the optimization-based controller found in the literature, and the proposed balancing strategy offers faster balancing speed compared to conventional methods. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is validated on battery cell RC models in series with unbalanced SoCs and temperatures.

Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) represent a promising energy storage solution owing to the abundance of potassium resources. The efficacy of KIBs relies significantly on the electrochemical attributes of both their electrode materials and electrolytes. In the current investigation, we synthesized a layered compound K₂[(VOHPO₄)₂(C₂O₄)]·2H₂O via a heterogeneous nucleation approach and assessed its viability as a cathode material for KIBs. When integrated with a salt-concentrated electrolyte with oxidation stability over 6 V, the compounds exhibit a high discharge potential of 4.1 V (vs. K⁺/K) alongside a reversible capacity of 106.2 mAh g⁻¹. Furthermore, there is no capacity decay after 500 cycles at 100 mA g⁻¹. This study shows the promise of layered metal organic frameworks as high-potential materials for KIBs.