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Status of INO-ICAL Detector INO-ICAL检测器状态
Pub Date : 2018-10-07 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73171-1_11
V. Singh
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of Amorphous Germanium Electrical Contacts and Surface Coatings on High Purity Germanium Radiation Detectors 高纯锗辐射探测器非晶锗电触点及表面涂层的优化
Pub Date : 2018-09-09 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.34748.08327/1
M. Amman
Semiconductor detector fabrication technologies developed decades ago are widely employed today to produce gamma-ray detectors from large volume, single crystals of high purity Ge (HPGe). Most all of these detectors are used exclusively for spectroscopy measurements and are of simple designs with only two impurity based electrical contacts produced with B implantation and Li diffusion. Though these technologies work well for the simple spectroscopy detectors, the Li contact in particular is thick and lacks room temperature stability in a manner that makes it inappropriate for many of the more complex detectors needed for gamma-ray imaging and particle tracking applications. Thin films of amorphous semiconductors such as sputter deposited amorphous Ge (a-Ge) are the basis for an alternative electrical contact that is easy to fabricate, thin, and can be finely segmented. The a-Ge also functions well as a passivation coating on the HPGe surfaces not covered by the electrical contacts. The properties of the a-Ge affect the performance of the resultant detectors, and these properties substantially depend on and are controllable through the sputter deposition process parameters. The subject of this paper is this interconnection of fabrication process parameters, a-Ge properties, and detector performance. The properties of a-Ge thin film electrical resistance, a-Ge contact electron injection, and room temperature storage stability were evaluated as a function of the sputter process parameters of sputter gas pressure and sputter gas H2 composition. Two different sputter deposition systems were used to produce a-Ge resistors and HPGe detectors with a-Ge electrical contacts. These samples were electrically characterized as a function of temperature. A summary of this study and discussion of the relevance of the findings to the optimization of detector performance are given in this paper.
几十年前开发的半导体探测器制造技术今天被广泛应用于从高纯度锗(HPGe)的大体积单晶中生产伽马射线探测器。大多数这些探测器都专门用于光谱测量,并且设计简单,只有通过B注入和Li扩散产生的两个杂质基电触点。虽然这些技术适用于简单的光谱探测器,但Li接触层特别厚,缺乏室温稳定性,这使得它不适合用于伽马射线成像和粒子跟踪应用所需的许多更复杂的探测器。非晶半导体薄膜,如溅射沉积的非晶锗(a-Ge),是易于制造、薄且可精细分割的替代电触点的基础。在未被电触点覆盖的HPGe表面上,a- ge也可以作为钝化涂层。砷锗材料的性能影响了探测器的性能,而这些性能很大程度上取决于溅射沉积工艺参数,并可通过溅射沉积工艺参数进行控制。本文的主题就是这种制备工艺参数、锗锗特性和探测器性能之间的相互关系。研究了a- ge薄膜电阻性能、a- ge接触电子注入性能和室温储存稳定性与溅射气体压力和H2成分等溅射工艺参数的关系。使用两种不同的溅射沉积系统来生产a-Ge电阻器和带有a-Ge电触点的HPGe探测器。这些样品的电学特征是温度的函数。本文对这项研究进行了总结,并讨论了研究结果与探测器性能优化的相关性。
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引用次数: 14
X-ray coherent diffraction imaging with an objective lens: Towards three-dimensional mapping of thick polycrystals 用物镜的x射线相干衍射成像:厚多晶的三维映射
Pub Date : 2018-08-31 DOI: 10.1103/PHYSREVRESEARCH.2.033031
A. Pedersen, V. Chamard, C. Detlefs, T. Zhou, D. Carbone, H. Poulsen
We report on a new x-ray imaging method, which combines the high spatial resolution of coherent diffraction imaging with the ability of dark field microscopy to map grains within thick polycrystalline specimens. An x-ray objective serves to isolate a grain and avoid overlap of diffraction spots. Iterative oversampling routines are used to reconstruct the shape and strain field within the grain from the far field intensity pattern. The limitation on resolution caused by the finite numerical aperture of the objective is overcome by the Fourier synthesis of several diffraction patterns. We demonstrate the method by an experimental study of a ~500 nm Pt grain for the two cases of a real and a virtual image plane. In the latter case the spatial resolution is 13 nm rms. Our results confirm that no information on the pupil function of the lens is required and that lens aberrations are not critical.
我们报道了一种新的x射线成像方法,该方法结合了相干衍射成像的高空间分辨率和暗场显微镜在厚多晶样品中绘制颗粒的能力。x射线物镜的作用是隔离颗粒,避免衍射点重叠。利用迭代过采样程序从远场强度图重构晶粒内部的形状场和应变场。物镜的有限数值孔径对分辨率的限制是通过几种衍射图样的傅立叶合成来克服的。在实像面和虚像面两种情况下,对~500 nm Pt晶粒进行了实验研究。在后一种情况下,空间分辨率为rms 13 nm。我们的结果证实,没有信息的瞳孔功能的镜头是必需的,镜头的像差不是关键。
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引用次数: 4
A novel water-Cherenkov detector design with retro-reflectors to produce antipodal rings 一种新型的水-切伦科夫探测器设计,带有反向反射器以产生对映环
Pub Date : 2018-08-29 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1288376
L. Berns
Since Kamiokande, the basic design of water-Cherenkov detectors has not changed: the walls of a water tank are lined with photodetectors that capture Cherenkov photons produced by relativistic particles. However, with this design the majority of photons are lost in insensitive regions between photodetectors, while at the same time most photodetectors are outside the ring and remain dark. To fix both issues at once, we propose fixing retro-reflectors between all photodetectors. These devices will reflect uncollected photons back through their emission point onto photodetectors at the other side of the tank, producing a secondary, delayed Cherenkov ring. Numerical simulations show that, due to the parallax effect of this antipodal ring, our system can yield up to 2x improvement of detector vertex and angle resolutions. This improvement would be beneficial for kinematic selection of multi-ring events and would lower detector costs by decreasing the number of required photodetectors.
自神冈德以来,水-切伦科夫探测器的基本设计没有改变:水箱的墙壁上排列着光电探测器,捕捉相对论粒子产生的切伦科夫光子。然而,在这种设计中,大多数光子在光电探测器之间的不敏感区域丢失,而同时大多数光电探测器在环外并且保持黑暗。为了同时解决这两个问题,我们建议在所有光电探测器之间安装反向反射器。这些装置将未收集的光子通过其发射点反射回坦克另一侧的光电探测器上,产生二次延迟切伦科夫环。数值模拟表明,由于对映环的视差效应,我们的系统可以使探测器的顶点和角度分辨率提高2倍。这种改进将有利于多环事件的运动学选择,并通过减少所需光电探测器的数量来降低探测器的成本。
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引用次数: 1
Internal Backgrounds in the Water Phase of SNO SNO水相内部背景
Pub Date : 2018-08-28 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1302929
I. Lam, F. C. Collaboration
SNO+ is a neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0nubetabeta$) search experiment using 780 tonnes of tellurium-loaded liquid scintillator. The experiment is currently collecting data in the first of three planned phases, in which the detector is filled with ultrapure water. During this phase, the cleanliness of the water can be assayed using in situ measurements of $^{214}$Bi and $^{208}$Tl (daughter nuclei of $^{238}$U and $^{232}$Th, respectively). These results will both inform preparation for scintillator fill and support water phase physics analyses like the search for invisible nucleon decay modes.
SNO+是一个无中微子双β衰变($0nubetabeta$)搜索实验,使用780吨装载碲的液体闪烁体。该实验目前正在收集三个计划阶段中的第一个阶段的数据,在这个阶段,探测器充满了超纯水。在此阶段,可以使用原位测量$^{214}$ Bi和$^{208}$ Tl(分别为$^{238}$ U和$^{232}$ Th的子核)来测定水的清洁度。这些结果将为闪烁体填充的准备工作提供信息,并支持水相物理分析,如寻找不可见的核子衰变模式。
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引用次数: 0
Neutron detection in the SNO+ water phase. SNO+水相的中子探测。
Pub Date : 2018-08-21 DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1300938
Y. Liu, S. Andringa, D. Auty, F. Barão, R. Bayes, E. Caden, C. Grant, J. Grove, B. Krar, A. Latorre, L. Lebanowski, J. Lidgard, J. Maneira, P. Mekarski, S. Nae, T. Pershing, I. Semenec, K. Singh, P. Skensved, B. Tam, A. A. F. T. A. Collaboration
SNO+ is a multipurpose neutrino experiment located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector started taking physics data in May 2017 and is currently completing its first phase, as a pure water Cherenkov detector. The low trigger threshold of the SNO+ detector allows for a substantial neutron detection efficiency, as observed with a deployed ^{241}Am^{9}Be source. Using a statistical analysis of one hour AmBe calibration data, we report a neutron capture constant of 208.2 + 2.1(stat.) us and a lower bound of the neutron detection efficiency of 46% at the center of the detector.
SNO+是一个多用途中微子实验,位于加拿大萨德伯里的SNOLAB地下约2公里处。该探测器于2017年5月开始采集物理数据,目前正在完成其第一阶段,作为纯水切伦科夫探测器。SNO+探测器的低触发阈值允许大量的中子探测效率,正如部署的^{241}Am^{9}Be源所观察到的那样。通过对1小时AmBe校准数据的统计分析,我们报告了探测器中心的中子捕获常数为208.2 + 2.1(stat.) us,中子探测效率的下限为46%。
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引用次数: 0
Real-Time Digital Signal Recovery for a Low-Pass Transfer Function System with Multiple Complex Poles 具有多个复极点的低通传递函数系统的实时数字信号恢复
Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.20944/preprints201807.0388.v2
Jhinhwan Lee
In order to solve the problems of waveform distortion and signal delay by many physical and electrical systems with linear low-pass transfer characteristics with multiple complex poles, a general digital-signal-processing (DSP)-based method of real-time recovery of the original source waveform from the distorted output waveform is proposed. From the convolution kernel representation of a multiple-pole low-pass transfer function with an arbitrary denominator polynomial with real valued coefficients, it is shown that the source waveform can be accurately recovered in real time using a particular moving average algorithm with real-valued DSP computations only, even though some or all of the poles are complex. The proposed digital signal recovery method is DC-accurate and unaffected by initial conditions, transient signals, and resonant amplitude enhancement. This method can be applied to most sensors and amplifiers operating close to their frequency response limits or around their resonance frequencies to accurately deconvolute the multiple-pole characteristics and to improve the overall performances of data acquisition systems and digital feedback control systems.
为了解决具有多个复杂极点的线性低通传输特性的许多物理和电气系统的波形失真和信号延迟问题,提出了一种基于通用数字信号处理(DSP)的从失真输出波形中实时恢复原始源波形的方法。从具有实值系数的任意分母多项式的多极低通传递函数的卷积核表示中可以看出,即使某些或所有极点是复杂的,使用特定的移动平均算法仅进行实值DSP计算也可以准确地实时恢复源波形。所提出的数字信号恢复方法具有直流精度,且不受初始条件、瞬态信号和谐振幅度增强的影响。这种方法可以应用于大多数工作在频率响应极限附近或谐振频率附近的传感器和放大器,以准确地反卷积多极特性,并提高数据采集系统和数字反馈控制系统的整体性能。
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引用次数: 0
A Letter of Intent for MATHUSLA: a dedicated displaced vertex detector above ATLAS or CMS. MATHUSLA意向书:ATLAS或CMS之上的专用位移顶点检测器。
Pub Date : 2018-07-17 DOI: 10.2172/1493061
C. Alpigiani, A. Ball, L. Barak, J. Beacham, Yan Benhammo, T. Cao, P. Camarri, R. Cardarelli, M. Rodríguez-Cahuantzi, J. Chou, D. Curtin, M. Diamond, G. Sciascio, M. Drewes, S. Eno, E. Etzion, R. Essig, J. Evans, O. Fischer, S. Giagu, Brandon Gomes, A. Haas, Y. Heng, G. Iaselli, K. Johns, M. Karagoz, L. Kasper, A. Kvam, D. Lazic, Liang Li, B. Liberti, Zhen Liu, H. Lubatti, G. Marsella, M. McCullough, D. McKeen, P. Meade, G. Mizrachi, D. Morrissey, M. M. Moshe, K. S. Caballero-Mora, Piter A. Paye Mamani, A. Policicchio, M. Proffitt, M. Reggiani-Guzzo, J. Rothberg, R. Santonico, M. Schioppa, J. Shelton, B. Shuve, M. Vasquez, D. Stolarski, A. Roeck, A. F. Tellez, G. T. Muñoz, M. I. M. Hernández, Y. Silver, S. A. Thayil, E. Torró, Yuhsin Tsai, J. C. Arteaga-Velázquez, G. Watts, C. Young, J. Zurita
In this Letter of Intent (LOI) we propose the construction of MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles), a dedicated large-volume displaced vertex detector for the HL-LHC on the surface above ATLAS or CMS. Such a detector, which can be built using existing technologies with a reasonable budget in time for the HL-LHC upgrade, could search for neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) with up to several orders of magnitude better sensitivity than ATLAS or CMS, while also acting as a cutting-edge cosmic ray telescope at CERN to explore many open questions in cosmic ray and astro-particle physics. We review the physics motivations for MATHUSLA and summarize its LLP reach for several different possible detector geometries, as well as outline the cosmic ray physics program. We present several updated background studies for MATHUSLA, which help inform a first detector-design concept utilizing modular construction with Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) as the primary tracking technology. We present first efficiency and reconstruction studies to verify the viability of this design concept, and we explore some aspects of its total cost. We end with a summary of recent progress made on the MATHUSLA test stand, a small-scale demonstrator experiment currently taking data at CERN Point 1, and finish with a short comment on future work.
在这份意向书(LOI)中,我们提议在ATLAS或CMS表面上为HL-LHC建造一个专用的大体积位移顶点探测器MATHUSLA (MAssive Timing Hodoscope for Ultra-Stable neutraL pArticles)。这种探测器可以在HL-LHC升级之前利用现有技术和合理的预算建造,可以以比ATLAS或CMS高几个数量级的灵敏度搜索中性长寿命粒子(LLPs),同时也可以作为CERN的尖端宇宙射线望远镜,探索宇宙射线和天体粒子物理学中的许多悬而未决的问题。我们回顾了MATHUSLA的物理动机,总结了几种不同可能的探测器几何形状的LLP到达,并概述了宇宙射线物理程序。我们为MATHUSLA提供了几项最新的背景研究,这些研究有助于为第一个探测器设计概念提供信息,该概念利用电阻板室(rpc)作为主要跟踪技术的模块化结构。我们提出了第一个效率和重建研究,以验证这一设计概念的可行性,并探讨了其总成本的一些方面。最后,我们总结了MATHUSLA试验台的最新进展,这是一个目前在欧洲核子研究中心1号点采集数据的小规模示范实验,并对未来的工作进行了简短的评论。
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引用次数: 65
The water system and radon measurement system of Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory 江门地下中微子观测站的供水系统和氡测量系统
Pub Date : 2018-06-28 DOI: 10.5281/ZENODO.1290267
Cong Guo
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 ktons liquid scintillator detector with multi-purpose measurements. Due to low background requirement of the experiment, a multi-veto system ,which consists of a water Cherenkov detector and a top tracker detector, for passive shielding and cosmic muon detection is required.In order to keep the water quality good and remove the radon in the water, a ultrapure water system, a radon removal system adn radon concentration measurement system have been designed.In this poster, the detail informaton of them have been presented.
江门地下中微子天文台(JUNO)是一个20万吨的液体闪烁体探测器,具有多用途测量。由于实验背景要求低,需要一个由水切伦科夫探测器和顶部跟踪探测器组成的多通道系统,用于被动屏蔽和宇宙介子探测。为了保持水质良好,去除水中的氡,设计了超纯水系统、除氡系统和氡浓度测量系统。在这张海报中,详细介绍了他们的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Flexible and Scalable Data-Qcquisition Using the $artdaq$ Toolkit 灵活和可扩展的数据采集使用$artdaq$ Toolkit
Pub Date : 2018-06-14 DOI: 10.2172/1460789
K. Biery, E. Flumerfelt, J. Freeman, W. Ketchum, G. Lukhanin, Adam Lyon, R. Rechenmacher, Ryan Rivera, L. Uplegger, M. Votava
The Real-Time Systems Engineering Department of the Scientific Computing Division at Fermilab is developing a flexible, scalable, and powerful data-acquisition (DAQ) toolkit which serves the needs of experiments from bench-top hardware tests to large high-energy physics experiments. The toolkit provides data transport and event building capabilities with the option for experimenters to inject art analysis code at key points in the DAQ for filtering or monitoring. The toolkit also provides configuration management, run control, and low-level hardware communication utilities. Firmware blocks for several commercial data acquisition boards are provided, allowing experimenters to approach the DAQ from a high level. A fully-functional DAQ "solution" of the toolkit is provided in otsdaq, sacrificing some flexibility in favor of being ready-to-use. artdaq is being used for several current and upcoming experiments, and will continue to be refined and expanded for use in the next generation of neutrino and muon experiments.
费米实验室科学计算部的实时系统工程部正在开发一种灵活的、可扩展的、功能强大的数据采集(DAQ)工具包,以满足从台式硬件测试到大型高能物理实验的实验需求。该工具包提供了数据传输和事件构建功能,并为实验人员提供了在DAQ的关键点注入艺术分析代码以进行过滤或监控的选项。该工具包还提供了配置管理、运行控制和低级硬件通信实用程序。提供了几个商业数据采集板的固件块,允许实验人员从高水平接近DAQ。在otsdaq中提供了一个功能齐全的DAQ“解决方案”,牺牲了一些灵活性,以便随时可用。Artdaq正在用于几个当前和即将进行的实验,并将继续改进和扩展用于下一代中微子和μ子实验。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors
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