Pub Date : 2012-10-02DOI: 10.2174/1874279301206010046
M. Nørgaard
Patients with haematological malignancies are at increased risk of infections not only because of the malignancy itself but also because of neutropenia induced by intensive chemotherapeutic treatment, and the cytotoxic effect on the cells that line the alimentary tract. In haematological malignancy patients with a compromised inflammatory response, the classic signs and symptoms of infection may be masked. The results of blood cultures therefore play an important diagnostic role. Bacteraemia is a relatively common serious complication occurring in around 15% of patients with haematological malignancies within the first years after diagnosis but the risk varies between different types of haematological malignancies. Other risk factors for bacteraemia are presence of mucositis, neutropenia, and use of central venous catheters. Invasive fungal diseases are also serious infectious complications in this population. Viral infections are particularty often in patients that have received a bone marrow transplant. Future work in this field could focus on potential modifiable risk factors and on how time since haematological diagnosis may influence risk of infection.
{"title":"Risk of Infections in Adult Patients with Haematological Malignancies","authors":"M. Nørgaard","doi":"10.2174/1874279301206010046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301206010046","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with haematological malignancies are at increased risk of infections not only because of the malignancy itself but also because of neutropenia induced by intensive chemotherapeutic treatment, and the cytotoxic effect on the cells that line the alimentary tract. In haematological malignancy patients with a compromised inflammatory response, the classic signs and symptoms of infection may be masked. The results of blood cultures therefore play an important diagnostic role. Bacteraemia is a relatively common serious complication occurring in around 15% of patients with haematological malignancies within the first years after diagnosis but the risk varies between different types of haematological malignancies. Other risk factors for bacteraemia are presence of mucositis, neutropenia, and use of central venous catheters. Invasive fungal diseases are also serious infectious complications in this population. Viral infections are particularty often in patients that have received a bone marrow transplant. Future work in this field could focus on potential modifiable risk factors and on how time since haematological diagnosis may influence risk of infection.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"46-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-10-02DOI: 10.2174/1874279301206010052
Laura-Maria Holm Wackerhausen, J. G. Hansen
In this paper, we review data on the risk of infectious diseases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including the efficacy of antibiotics for prevention and treatment of acute COPD exacerbations, with a focus on more recent studies. Studies indicate that immunological mechanisms in COPD are impaired, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. Exacerbations are often infectious in origin (viral and/or bacterial) although pathogens may also be present in the lungs of person with stable COPD. The detailed mechanisms of exacerbations remain under investigation. Despite great variations in design and operational definitions of outcome, studies consistently find that patients with COPD are at an increased risk of respiratory infections. Patients with COPD do not appear to be at an increased risk of infections outside the respiratory system, but only a small number of studies have addressed this. The role of antibiotics in the management of acute exacerbations of COPD is disputed. However, findings from recent studies suggest that antibiotics are effective, although primarily in patients admitted to the hospital, thus representing patients with more severe exacerbations. Still, the question of antibiotic efficacy for different clinically well-defined subgroups of COPD exacerbation as well as the choice of the most appropriate antibiotic for these subgroups is uncertain. Antibiotics may also be efficacious in exacerbation prevention. Recent studies on the efficacy of macrolides for the prevention of COPD exacerbations demonstrated promising results. Nevertheless, questions on the risk-benefit ratio of macrolides, efficacy in subgroups of COPD patients, and long-term effects remain unanswered.
{"title":"Risk of Infectious Diseases in Patients with COPD","authors":"Laura-Maria Holm Wackerhausen, J. G. Hansen","doi":"10.2174/1874279301206010052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301206010052","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we review data on the risk of infectious diseases in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including the efficacy of antibiotics for prevention and treatment of acute COPD exacerbations, with a focus on more recent studies. Studies indicate that immunological mechanisms in COPD are impaired, leading to increased susceptibility to infection. Exacerbations are often infectious in origin (viral and/or bacterial) although pathogens may also be present in the lungs of person with stable COPD. The detailed mechanisms of exacerbations remain under investigation. Despite great variations in design and operational definitions of outcome, studies consistently find that patients with COPD are at an increased risk of respiratory infections. Patients with COPD do not appear to be at an increased risk of infections outside the respiratory system, but only a small number of studies have addressed this. The role of antibiotics in the management of acute exacerbations of COPD is disputed. However, findings from recent studies suggest that antibiotics are effective, although primarily in patients admitted to the hospital, thus representing patients with more severe exacerbations. Still, the question of antibiotic efficacy for different clinically well-defined subgroups of COPD exacerbation as well as the choice of the most appropriate antibiotic for these subgroups is uncertain. Antibiotics may also be efficacious in exacerbation prevention. Recent studies on the efficacy of macrolides for the prevention of COPD exacerbations demonstrated promising results. Nevertheless, questions on the risk-benefit ratio of macrolides, efficacy in subgroups of COPD patients, and long-term effects remain unanswered.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"52-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-08-16DOI: 10.2174/1874279301206010021
N. Bisharat, Tatiana Gorlachev, Y. Keness
Pseudomonas stutzeri is infrequently isolated from clinical material and rarely associated with invasive infections in human. During the past decade we have witnessed a significant increase in the number of P. stutzeri isolations from clinical material. Review of the hospital's experience revealed 93 isolations, the vast majority were from wounds and urine. Eighteen patients suffered from Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteremia. Ten patients died (10.8%) from whom only in two cases, death could be directly attributed to the infection. Despite the significant increase in P. stutzeri isolation from clinical material, it's still rarely associated with adverse clinical outcome and usually represents colonization rather than infection.
{"title":"10-Years Hospital Experience in Pseudomonas stutzeri and LiteratureReview","authors":"N. Bisharat, Tatiana Gorlachev, Y. Keness","doi":"10.2174/1874279301206010021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301206010021","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas stutzeri is infrequently isolated from clinical material and rarely associated with invasive infections in human. During the past decade we have witnessed a significant increase in the number of P. stutzeri isolations from clinical material. Review of the hospital's experience revealed 93 isolations, the vast majority were from wounds and urine. Eighteen patients suffered from Pseudomonas stutzeri bacteremia. Ten patients died (10.8%) from whom only in two cases, death could be directly attributed to the infection. Despite the significant increase in P. stutzeri isolation from clinical material, it's still rarely associated with adverse clinical outcome and usually represents colonization rather than infection.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-04-25DOI: 10.2174/1874279301206010015
G. Cota, T. Fereguetti, M. R. Sousa
Febrile neutropenia causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy. During the last decade, some trials have shown reduction in febrile episodes and bacteraemia with antibiotic prophylaxis. On the other hand, the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in units practicing quinolones prophylaxis has been described and there is justified concern about the implications of this fact. Recent published guidelines now recommend quinolones prophylaxis for patients with neutropenia expected to last as least 7 days. They are based in a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled or no treatment-controlled trials of quinolone prophylaxis, which demonstrated risk reduction in mortality among drug treated recipients. In contrast, previous meta-analyses and the two major trials with two thirds of the number of patients of the largest meta-analysis failed to show this survival advantage. Using two sensitive tests, Egger's and Trim and Fill methods, we found a "small study effect" which acts exaggerating and making the result positive when they are probably neutral. In spite of the considerable number of trials and reviews involving prophylactic antibiotics for neutropenic patients, available evidence is hypothesis generator but not sufficient to state there is mortality benefit.
发热性中性粒细胞减少症在接受抗肿瘤化疗的患者中引起显著的发病率和死亡率。在过去十年中，一些试验表明，通过抗生素预防可以减少发热发作和菌血症。另一方面，在实施喹诺酮类药物预防的单位中出现了氟喹诺酮耐药细菌，对这一事实的影响有理由感到关切。最近出版的指南现在建议中性粒细胞减少症患者预防喹诺酮类药物预计持续至少7天。它们是基于对喹诺酮预防的安慰剂对照或无治疗对照试验的荟萃分析，这些试验表明接受药物治疗的患者死亡率风险降低。相比之下，之前的荟萃分析和两项主要试验的三分之二的患者数量最大的荟萃分析未能显示出这种生存优势。使用两个敏感的测试，Egger's和Trim and Fill方法，我们发现了一种“小研究效应”，当结果可能是中性的时候，它会夸大并使结果成为阳性。尽管有相当数量的试验和综述涉及中性粒细胞减少患者的预防性抗生素，现有的证据是假设，但不足以说明有死亡率的好处。
{"title":"Antibiotic Prophylaxis with Quinolones in Afebrile Neutropenic Patients: Is there Enough Evidence for Mortality Effect?","authors":"G. Cota, T. Fereguetti, M. R. Sousa","doi":"10.2174/1874279301206010015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301206010015","url":null,"abstract":"Febrile neutropenia causes significant morbidity and mortality in patients receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy. During the last decade, some trials have shown reduction in febrile episodes and bacteraemia with antibiotic prophylaxis. On the other hand, the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in units practicing quinolones prophylaxis has been described and there is justified concern about the implications of this fact. Recent published guidelines now recommend quinolones prophylaxis for patients with neutropenia expected to last as least 7 days. They are based in a meta-analysis of placebo-controlled or no treatment-controlled trials of quinolone prophylaxis, which demonstrated risk reduction in mortality among drug treated recipients. In contrast, previous meta-analyses and the two major trials with two thirds of the number of patients of the largest meta-analysis failed to show this survival advantage. Using two sensitive tests, Egger's and Trim and Fill methods, we found a \"small study effect\" which acts exaggerating and making the result positive when they are probably neutral. In spite of the considerable number of trials and reviews involving prophylactic antibiotics for neutropenic patients, available evidence is hypothesis generator but not sufficient to state there is mortality benefit.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-03-20DOI: 10.2174/1874279301206010012
M. Mlika, A. Ayadi-Kaddour, F. Mezni
Background: Multiple thoracic hydatidosis is uncommon even in endemic countries. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old Caucasian man came to our observation with a 10-day history of basi-thoracic chest pain and dyspnea. Chest X-ray showed a well limited cardiac opacity associated to an opacity of the upper lobe of the right lung. Chest CT-scan showed a mediastinal cyst evoking a hydatid cyst in the left ventricle associated to a right pleural effusion. The patient underwent surgery that consisted in the drainage of multiple pericardial cysts, cystectomy of a left ventricle cyst and right pleural cystectomy. Microscopic examination showed a pleuro-pulmonary and cardio- pericardial hydatidosis. The patient was treated with albendazole and did not present complications or recurrences after one year of follow up. Conclusion: Multiple thoracic hydatidosis is rare. Cardiac location is most challenging because it is difficult to manage and life threatening. Treatment modalities continue to be based mainly on surgery. Preventive measures are necessary to avoid disease recurrence.
{"title":"Multiple Thoracic Hydatidosis: A Case Report","authors":"M. Mlika, A. Ayadi-Kaddour, F. Mezni","doi":"10.2174/1874279301206010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301206010012","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Multiple thoracic hydatidosis is uncommon even in endemic countries. Case Presentation: A 37-year-old Caucasian man came to our observation with a 10-day history of basi-thoracic chest pain and dyspnea. Chest X-ray showed a well limited cardiac opacity associated to an opacity of the upper lobe of the right lung. Chest CT-scan showed a mediastinal cyst evoking a hydatid cyst in the left ventricle associated to a right pleural effusion. The patient underwent surgery that consisted in the drainage of multiple pericardial cysts, cystectomy of a left ventricle cyst and right pleural cystectomy. Microscopic examination showed a pleuro-pulmonary and cardio- pericardial hydatidosis. The patient was treated with albendazole and did not present complications or recurrences after one year of follow up. Conclusion: Multiple thoracic hydatidosis is rare. Cardiac location is most challenging because it is difficult to manage and life threatening. Treatment modalities continue to be based mainly on surgery. Preventive measures are necessary to avoid disease recurrence.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"12-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-02-10DOI: 10.2174/1874279301206010001
S. Banu, S. Hossain, M. K. M. Uddin, Toufiq Rahman, R. Khatun, K. Zaman, M. Quaiyum, F. V. Leth
Diagnosis of tuberculosis in a field setting depends on the quality of specimens submitted for smear- microscopy. Macroscopic assessment (sputum or saliva) of the specimen for suitability for further examination is common practice in routine care. We examined whether macroscopic assessment could correctly identify sputum specimens based on four published algorithms using microscopic features in the setting of active case finding in a community survey. The study included 901 randomly selected adults who reported cough for 3 weeks or more in the national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Bangladesh. A single specimen of each was assessed with microscopy and microscopy (Gram-stain) to classify it as either sputum or saliva. The primary outcome was the agreement between the two assessment methods (Kappa statistic) From 901 specimens, 561 (62%) were macroscopically classified as saliva and 340 (38%) as sputum. From these, 888 Gram-stained slides could be examined for microscopic features. The agreement between the macroscopic assessment with any of the four microscopy algorithms for sputum was very poor (all Kappa's below 0.1). While macroscopic assessment of submitted specimens might be of value in routine care, it is not warranted in a setting of active case finding in a community survey. Submitting a specimen in the first place should be the primary goal in this setting.
{"title":"Comparison of Macroscopic and Microscopic Assessment of Specimens Collected for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis","authors":"S. Banu, S. Hossain, M. K. M. Uddin, Toufiq Rahman, R. Khatun, K. Zaman, M. Quaiyum, F. V. Leth","doi":"10.2174/1874279301206010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301206010001","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnosis of tuberculosis in a field setting depends on the quality of specimens submitted for smear- microscopy. Macroscopic assessment (sputum or saliva) of the specimen for suitability for further examination is common practice in routine care. We examined whether macroscopic assessment could correctly identify sputum specimens based on four published algorithms using microscopic features in the setting of active case finding in a community survey. The study included 901 randomly selected adults who reported cough for 3 weeks or more in the national tuberculosis prevalence survey in Bangladesh. A single specimen of each was assessed with microscopy and microscopy (Gram-stain) to classify it as either sputum or saliva. The primary outcome was the agreement between the two assessment methods (Kappa statistic) From 901 specimens, 561 (62%) were macroscopically classified as saliva and 340 (38%) as sputum. From these, 888 Gram-stained slides could be examined for microscopic features. The agreement between the macroscopic assessment with any of the four microscopy algorithms for sputum was very poor (all Kappa's below 0.1). While macroscopic assessment of submitted specimens might be of value in routine care, it is not warranted in a setting of active case finding in a community survey. Submitting a specimen in the first place should be the primary goal in this setting.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-01-01DOI: 10.2174/1874279301206010005
Elisa Lloyd-Smith, Mark Tyndall, Ruth Zhang, Eric Grafstein, Sam Sheps, Evan Wood, Julio Montaner, Thomas Kerr
Introduction: Cutaneous injection-related infections (CIRI) are a primary reason injection drug users (IDU) access the emergency department (ED).
Methodology: Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we examined predictors of ED use for CIRI, stratified by sex, among 1083 supervised injection facility (SIF) users.
Results: Over a four-year period, 289 (27%) visited the ED for CIRI, yielding an incidence density for females of 23.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3 - 29.0) and males of 19.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 16.7 - 22.1). Factors associated with ED use for CIRI among females included residing in the Downtown Eastside (DTES) (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.06 [1.13 - 3.78]) and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 4.48 [2.76 - 7.30]). Among males, requiring assistance with injection (AHR = 1.38 [1.01 - 1.90]), being HIV-positive (AHR = 1.85 [1.34 - 2.55]), and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 2.97 [1.93 - 4.57]) were associated with an increased likelihood of an ED visit for CIRI.
Conclusion: These results suggest SIF nurses have facilitated referral of hospital treatment for CIRI, highlighting the need for continued development of efficient and collaborative efforts to reduce the burden of CIRI.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF CUTANEOUS INJECTION-RELATED INFECTIONS AMONG INJECTION DRUG USERS AT AN EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT.","authors":"Elisa Lloyd-Smith, Mark Tyndall, Ruth Zhang, Eric Grafstein, Sam Sheps, Evan Wood, Julio Montaner, Thomas Kerr","doi":"10.2174/1874279301206010005","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1874279301206010005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cutaneous injection-related infections (CIRI) are a primary reason injection drug users (IDU) access the emergency department (ED).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we examined predictors of ED use for CIRI, stratified by sex, among 1083 supervised injection facility (SIF) users.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a four-year period, 289 (27%) visited the ED for CIRI, yielding an incidence density for females of 23.8 (95% confidence interval (CI): 19.3 - 29.0) and males of 19.2 per 100 person-years (95% CI: 16.7 - 22.1). Factors associated with ED use for CIRI among females included residing in the Downtown Eastside (DTES) (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 2.06 [1.13 - 3.78]) and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 4.48 [2.76 - 7.30]). Among males, requiring assistance with injection (AHR = 1.38 [1.01 - 1.90]), being HIV-positive (AHR = 1.85 [1.34 - 2.55]), and being referred to hospital by SIF nurses (AHR = 2.97 [1.93 - 4.57]) were associated with an increased likelihood of an ED visit for CIRI.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results suggest SIF nurses have facilitated referral of hospital treatment for CIRI, highlighting the need for continued development of efficient and collaborative efforts to reduce the burden of CIRI.</p>","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"6 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856908/pdf/nihms493966.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31955648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-12-13DOI: 10.2174/1874279301105010135
M. Hsieh, Ya-Yun Lin, Yu-Kuei Hsu, Jeng‐Fu Yang, Yu-Chun Hsu, Wu-Cheng Chen, C. Dai, Ming‐Lung Yu, Chi-Kung Ho
Many foreigners enter Taiwan for the purpose of marriage or study, or as dependants or relatives of Taiwanese citizens. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportions of these immigrants infected with intestinal parasites. A total of 2875 foreigners from 39 countries or regions underwent stool examination in our hospital within the study period, and the merthiolate iodine formaldehyde method was used to diagnose intestinal parasite infections. In total, 214 foreigners (7.4%) were found to be infected, and hookworm was identified as the most prevalent intestinal parasite (2.92%). Infection was most prevalent in the Vietnamese foreigners (46.3%), followed by the Chinese (38.8%), and was more prevalent in females (92.3%) than in males. Among the intestinal parasites identified, hookworm (2.92%), Trichuris trichiura (1.18%), and Blastocystis hominis (1.14%) were the three most prevalent. Infection was most prevalent in the foreign brides group (11.9 %), hookworm and Trichuris trichiura being the two most common species of intestinal parasite in the foreign brides and foreign dependants/relatives of Taiwanese citizens, while the proportion of foreign students infected was lower. Most foreigners enter Taiwan for the purpose of marriage or study, or as dependants/relatives of Taiwanese citizens, and originate from countries or regions in which public health is poorer than in Taiwan. Therefore, close monitoring and examination of these foreigners continue to be indicated.
{"title":"Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Foreigners Detected by Stool Examination in Taiwan","authors":"M. Hsieh, Ya-Yun Lin, Yu-Kuei Hsu, Jeng‐Fu Yang, Yu-Chun Hsu, Wu-Cheng Chen, C. Dai, Ming‐Lung Yu, Chi-Kung Ho","doi":"10.2174/1874279301105010135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301105010135","url":null,"abstract":"Many foreigners enter Taiwan for the purpose of marriage or study, or as dependants or relatives of Taiwanese citizens. The aim of this study was to investigate the proportions of these immigrants infected with intestinal parasites. A total of 2875 foreigners from 39 countries or regions underwent stool examination in our hospital within the study period, and the merthiolate iodine formaldehyde method was used to diagnose intestinal parasite infections. In total, 214 foreigners (7.4%) were found to be infected, and hookworm was identified as the most prevalent intestinal parasite (2.92%). Infection was most prevalent in the Vietnamese foreigners (46.3%), followed by the Chinese (38.8%), and was more prevalent in females (92.3%) than in males. Among the intestinal parasites identified, hookworm (2.92%), Trichuris trichiura (1.18%), and Blastocystis hominis (1.14%) were the three most prevalent. Infection was most prevalent in the foreign brides group (11.9 %), hookworm and Trichuris trichiura being the two most common species of intestinal parasite in the foreign brides and foreign dependants/relatives of Taiwanese citizens, while the proportion of foreign students infected was lower. Most foreigners enter Taiwan for the purpose of marriage or study, or as dependants/relatives of Taiwanese citizens, and originate from countries or regions in which public health is poorer than in Taiwan. Therefore, close monitoring and examination of these foreigners continue to be indicated.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"135-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-02DOI: 10.2174/1874279301105010127
T. C. Ngo, D. T. Nguyen, H. Tran, Hoai Thu Nguyen, Thi Phuong Lan Nguyen, B. M. Nguyen, Nhu DuongTran, T. Yamashiro, K. Morita, Tran Hien Nguyen, M. Ehara
Strains of V. cholerae O1 were isolated from the sewage and a pond near the first patient's house and also from domestic vegetables obtained at a neighboring market. From 24 October 2007 to 25 June 2009, 1,505 cases were confirmed positive for V. cholerae O1 (biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa) in 22 cities and provinces in northern Vietnam. On May 8 and May 12, 2009, epidemic strains of V. cholerae O1 were isolated from dogs in slaughter houses in Hanoi and from dogs in cages in Thanh Hoa, respectively. Isolates of V. cholerae O1 in Laos and Thailand were found to be the same clone as those isolates from dogs, patients and environmental water samples in northern Vietnam. Although the transmission routes of cholera differed between the northern and southern provinces of Vietnam, the same clonality was observed among isolates from 2007 to 2010.
{"title":"Imported Dogs as Possible Vehicles of Vibrio Cholerae O1 Causing Cholera Outbreaks in Northern Vietnam","authors":"T. C. Ngo, D. T. Nguyen, H. Tran, Hoai Thu Nguyen, Thi Phuong Lan Nguyen, B. M. Nguyen, Nhu DuongTran, T. Yamashiro, K. Morita, Tran Hien Nguyen, M. Ehara","doi":"10.2174/1874279301105010127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874279301105010127","url":null,"abstract":"Strains of V. cholerae O1 were isolated from the sewage and a pond near the first patient's house and also from domestic vegetables obtained at a neighboring market. From 24 October 2007 to 25 June 2009, 1,505 cases were confirmed positive for V. cholerae O1 (biotype El Tor, serotype Ogawa) in 22 cities and provinces in northern Vietnam. On May 8 and May 12, 2009, epidemic strains of V. cholerae O1 were isolated from dogs in slaughter houses in Hanoi and from dogs in cages in Thanh Hoa, respectively. Isolates of V. cholerae O1 in Laos and Thailand were found to be the same clone as those isolates from dogs, patients and environmental water samples in northern Vietnam. Although the transmission routes of cholera differed between the northern and southern provinces of Vietnam, the same clonality was observed among isolates from 2007 to 2010.","PeriodicalId":88330,"journal":{"name":"The open infectious diseases journal","volume":"5 1","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68060339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-01DOI: 10.2174/1874279301105010120
B. Christenson, S. Sylvan
This descriptive analysis of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is based on data regulated by the Swedish Communicable Disease Act and consists of free testing and treatment, partner tracing and notification. Today, chlamydia is the only STI that affects the general population in Sweden. In the past gonorrhoea and syphilis had an appreciable effect on the general population. However, in the 1990s both of these diseases became rare. HIV has almost exclusively been restricted to three subpopulations (men who have sex with men, injecting drug users and people from HIV endemic countries). The Swedish strategy employed to reduce gonorrhoea and syphilis has been highly successful as demonstrated by a substantial decrease in the incidence of gonorrhoea and syphilis in the mid-1990s. A recent slight increase in syphilis and HIV might be due to the introduction of highly active antiviral therapy (HAART) that may have promoted promiscuous behaviour. The present chlamydia strategy, which focuses on opportunistic screening, partner tracing and condom use, has failed despite being one of the world`s most all comprehensive plans. The number of chlamydia cases more than doubled after 1998, and in 2007, the number was the highest ever recorded in Sweden. This noticeable increase in chlamydia cases has important implications and suggests that greater attention should be given to transmission dynamics, including the effects of screening programmes and acquired immunity. Complication and clearance rates after asymptomatic chlamydia infection need to be established, but the most important goal is to encourage behavioural changes in terms of fewer episodes of unprotected sexual intercourse and fewer sexual partners.
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