: Human exposure to heavy metals is associated with higher rates of immunological deficiencies, autoimmunity, and cancer. Chronic exposure to lead contributes to abnormalities in immunomodulation while cadmium is linked to breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Prenatal exposure to these metals impacts both the development and function of immune cells. The concept of one health underscores the importance of the interface between human, animal, and environmental health. Herein, we highlight heavy metal exposure via honey consumption as an example of the critical intersection of these factors as they relate to immunological impacts and downstream pathologies.
{"title":"An Immunological Argument for One Health","authors":"Mark Brown, Mai Awad, Christian Schmidt","doi":"10.3844/ajisp.2022.5.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2022.5.8","url":null,"abstract":": Human exposure to heavy metals is associated with higher rates of immunological deficiencies, autoimmunity, and cancer. Chronic exposure to lead contributes to abnormalities in immunomodulation while cadmium is linked to breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Prenatal exposure to these metals impacts both the development and function of immune cells. The concept of one health underscores the importance of the interface between human, animal, and environmental health. Herein, we highlight heavy metal exposure via honey consumption as an example of the critical intersection of these factors as they relate to immunological impacts and downstream pathologies.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46671142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-711871/V1
M. Ruggiero
Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for COVID-19, is associated with immune-mediated responses that lead to dysregulated activation of proteolytic enzymes; these contribute to damage to the endothelium, thrombosis, hypercoagulability, and other hematologic complications that include thrombotic thrombocytopenia, a complication of severe COVID-19 as well as a potentially fatal adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccination. Here, it is demonstrated that proteolysis of plasma proteins leads to sequential release of endogenous glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), first chondroitin sulfate (CS), followed by heparin (HP). The extension and degree of what is called "proteolytic storm" determines whether only one endogenous type of GAGs (CS), or both (CS and HP), are released. Sulfated GAGs such as CS and HP exert a protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, sustained and excessive release of endogenous HP may be responsible for thrombotic thrombocytopenia just as it happens in HP-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) a well-known side effect of HP administration that results in thromboembolisms in atypical sites, thrombocytopenia, and synthesis of autoantibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4) that contribute to platelet aggregation. It is concluded that release of endogenous HP as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis occurring during COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination may play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of the disease as well as in adverse reactions to vaccination.
{"title":"Release of endogenous chondroitin sulfate and heparin as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis in COVID-19","authors":"M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-711871/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-711871/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pathogen responsible for COVID-19, is associated with immune-mediated responses that lead to dysregulated activation of proteolytic enzymes; these contribute to damage to the endothelium, thrombosis, hypercoagulability, and other hematologic complications that include thrombotic thrombocytopenia, a complication of severe COVID-19 as well as a potentially fatal adverse effect of COVID-19 vaccination. Here, it is demonstrated that proteolysis of plasma proteins leads to sequential release of endogenous glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), first chondroitin sulfate (CS), followed by heparin (HP). The extension and degree of what is called \"proteolytic storm\" determines whether only one endogenous type of GAGs (CS), or both (CS and HP), are released. Sulfated GAGs such as CS and HP exert a protective role against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, sustained and excessive release of endogenous HP may be responsible for thrombotic thrombocytopenia just as it happens in HP-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) a well-known side effect of HP administration that results in thromboembolisms in atypical sites, thrombocytopenia, and synthesis of autoantibodies directed against platelet factor 4 (PF4) that contribute to platelet aggregation. It is concluded that release of endogenous HP as consequence of dysregulated proteolysis occurring during COVID-19 or COVID-19 vaccination may play a fundamental role in the pathophysiology of the disease as well as in adverse reactions to vaccination.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42816295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajisp.2021.25.39
Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo, J. Willcox, M. Lappas
Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia Deptartment of School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research – Epworth HealthCare Partnership, Institute of Health Transformation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
{"title":"Punicalagin Suppresses Mediators Involved in Labor Onset and Progression in vitro","authors":"Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo, J. Willcox, M. Lappas","doi":"10.3844/ajisp.2021.25.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2021.25.39","url":null,"abstract":"Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia School of Allied Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia Deptartment of School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia Centre for Quality and Patient Safety Research – Epworth HealthCare Partnership, Institute of Health Transformation, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43253168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Loveday U. Zebedee, Zaccheus Awortu Jeremiah, N. Jonathan, E. Agoro
Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
{"title":"Chronic and Acute Effect of Tramadol Intoxication on Some Immunological Parameters","authors":"Loveday U. Zebedee, Zaccheus Awortu Jeremiah, N. Jonathan, E. Agoro","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2021.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2021.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajisp.2021.47.50
I. Milosevic
: Essential hypertension is a rise of arterial blood pressure whose etiology is unknown. Immune complexes are complexes created by the binding of an antibody to the antigen. They are also called circulating immune complexes because of its precipitation in peripheral blood vessels, commonly on the places of their bifurcation and the places of higher blood pressure (glomerules of kidney or synovia). The goal of this study is to, by statistical estimation, connect essential hypertension and immune complexes as a cause of many appearances. With this aim, two groups of twenty-five examinees were questionnaire about their frequency and how long they ailed acut streptococcal tonsillitis, which may latter cause poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis as a consequence of immune complex creation. In doing so, examinees were also questionnaired about immune complex diseases (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Polynodosa Arteritis (PA), and Poststreptococcal Glomerulonepritis (PSG)). After all, they were questionnaired, about how frequently and how long they used penicillin as a therapy, which also may, in certain occasions, affect the creation of immune complexes. Examined groups were formed by patients suffering from essential hypertension, and the control groups were formed by randomly chosen examinees. By statistical estimating data from the mentioned questionnaire, we concluded that the frequency of past acute streptococcal tonsillitis in patients with essential hypertension has statistical significance and the frequency of past or actual immune complex diseases (SLE, PA, PSG); and using penicillin as a therapy does not have statistical significance.
{"title":"Exploring the Role of Immune Complexes in Essential Hypertension","authors":"I. Milosevic","doi":"10.3844/ajisp.2021.47.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2021.47.50","url":null,"abstract":": Essential hypertension is a rise of arterial blood pressure whose etiology is unknown. Immune complexes are complexes created by the binding of an antibody to the antigen. They are also called circulating immune complexes because of its precipitation in peripheral blood vessels, commonly on the places of their bifurcation and the places of higher blood pressure (glomerules of kidney or synovia). The goal of this study is to, by statistical estimation, connect essential hypertension and immune complexes as a cause of many appearances. With this aim, two groups of twenty-five examinees were questionnaire about their frequency and how long they ailed acut streptococcal tonsillitis, which may latter cause poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis as a consequence of immune complex creation. In doing so, examinees were also questionnaired about immune complex diseases (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Polynodosa Arteritis (PA), and Poststreptococcal Glomerulonepritis (PSG)). After all, they were questionnaired, about how frequently and how long they used penicillin as a therapy, which also may, in certain occasions, affect the creation of immune complexes. Examined groups were formed by patients suffering from essential hypertension, and the control groups were formed by randomly chosen examinees. By statistical estimating data from the mentioned questionnaire, we concluded that the frequency of past acute streptococcal tonsillitis in patients with essential hypertension has statistical significance and the frequency of past or actual immune complex diseases (SLE, PA, PSG); and using penicillin as a therapy does not have statistical significance.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42970924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-04DOI: 10.3844/ajisp.2020.27.30
Elif Güdeloğlu, V. Altan
Both Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are idiosyncratic severe mucocutaneous reactions, usually to drugs or infections, characterized by blistering and epithelial sloughing. Although rare, SJS and TEN are destructive diseases; in serious cases the acute phase may be followed by a variety of systemic complications, including multiorgan failure and death. Ibuprofen is a universal antipyretic and analgesic non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug which is widely used in practice and considered as relatively safe. Hereby we introduce an Ibuprofen induced SJS case in a 14-year-old Somalian female with chief complaint of extensive skin rashes accompanied by ulceration, mild fever and difficulty in swallowing for two days. Soon after the patient was diagnosed as Ibuprofen associated SJS, she was treated with systemic corticosteroids in addition to general measures. The sign and symptoms started to resolute as soon as the second day of approval and at the seventh day the patient was discharged from the hospital. It was noteworthy that the findings of SJS/TEN appeared in relatively shorter time after the usage of accused drug compared to the previous knowledge, as well as it was remarkable. In addition, it is noticeable, that easily accessible drugs such as ibuprofen, which are frequently used in children, are not as innocent as it is thought. Moreover that is important to inform and closely follow the patients for the development of delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions.
{"title":"A Reasonable Outcome with Systemic Corticosteroids in a Case of Ibuprofen Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome","authors":"Elif Güdeloğlu, V. Altan","doi":"10.3844/ajisp.2020.27.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2020.27.30","url":null,"abstract":"Both Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are idiosyncratic severe mucocutaneous reactions, usually to drugs or infections, characterized by blistering and epithelial sloughing. Although rare, SJS and TEN are destructive diseases; in serious cases the acute phase may be followed by a variety of systemic complications, including multiorgan failure and death. Ibuprofen is a universal antipyretic and analgesic non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug which is widely used in practice and considered as relatively safe. Hereby we introduce an Ibuprofen induced SJS case in a 14-year-old Somalian female with chief complaint of extensive skin rashes accompanied by ulceration, mild fever and difficulty in swallowing for two days. Soon after the patient was diagnosed as Ibuprofen associated SJS, she was treated with systemic corticosteroids in addition to general measures. The sign and symptoms started to resolute as soon as the second day of approval and at the seventh day the patient was discharged from the hospital. It was noteworthy that the findings of SJS/TEN appeared in relatively shorter time after the usage of accused drug compared to the previous knowledge, as well as it was remarkable. In addition, it is noticeable, that easily accessible drugs such as ibuprofen, which are frequently used in children, are not as innocent as it is thought. Moreover that is important to inform and closely follow the patients for the development of delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"16 1","pages":"27-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/ajisp.2020.27.30","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43657064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-18DOI: 10.3844/ajisp.2020.19.26
M. Hamada, Y. Sakurai, Tomohiro Takeda
Pediatric allergic diseases are primarily caused by an IgE-dependent immunological reaction. Despite studies reporting the involvement of T follicular Helper (TfH) cells, especially type 2 TfH cells, in class-switching to IgE production in B cells, TfH subset skewing in peripheral blood in pediatric allergy patients remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of type 2 TfH cells in the pathogenic mechanism underlying pediatric allergic diseases. We analyzed TfH subsets (type 1, type 2 and type 17) in peripheral blood from pediatric patients with (allergy group, 35 patients) and without (non-allergy group, 26 individuals) allergic diseases via flow cytometry to determine the percentage of each TfH subset in the total TfH cell repertoire. Furthermore, the eosinophil percentage and serum total IgE and Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (TARC) levels were measured. No significant differences were observed in sex and age between the allergy and non-allergy groups. Since IgE levels were significantly higher in the allergy group than in the non-allergy group, no significant overlap was observed in the number of patients in the allergy and non-allergy groups. Although the total IgE and TARC levels and the eosinophil percentage were significantly higher in the allergy group than in the non-allergy group, the TfH subset analysis did not display a significant skewing of specific TfH subset cells. These results suggest the occurrence of either limited changes in peripheral blood TfH cells or the involvement of the immune cell subtype TfH13 in pediatric allergic diseases.
{"title":"Blood-Circulating Type 2 Follicular Helper T Cells in Pediatric Allergy Patients","authors":"M. Hamada, Y. Sakurai, Tomohiro Takeda","doi":"10.3844/ajisp.2020.19.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2020.19.26","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric allergic diseases are primarily caused by an IgE-dependent immunological reaction. Despite studies reporting the involvement of T follicular Helper (TfH) cells, especially type 2 TfH cells, in class-switching to IgE production in B cells, TfH subset skewing in peripheral blood in pediatric allergy patients remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the possible involvement of type 2 TfH cells in the pathogenic mechanism underlying pediatric allergic diseases. We analyzed TfH subsets (type 1, type 2 and type 17) in peripheral blood from pediatric patients with (allergy group, 35 patients) and without (non-allergy group, 26 individuals) allergic diseases via flow cytometry to determine the percentage of each TfH subset in the total TfH cell repertoire. Furthermore, the eosinophil percentage and serum total IgE and Thymus and Activation-Regulated Chemokine (TARC) levels were measured. No significant differences were observed in sex and age between the allergy and non-allergy groups. Since IgE levels were significantly higher in the allergy group than in the non-allergy group, no significant overlap was observed in the number of patients in the allergy and non-allergy groups. Although the total IgE and TARC levels and the eosinophil percentage were significantly higher in the allergy group than in the non-allergy group, the TfH subset analysis did not display a significant skewing of specific TfH subset cells. These results suggest the occurrence of either limited changes in peripheral blood TfH cells or the involvement of the immune cell subtype TfH13 in pediatric allergic diseases.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"16 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41467831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We describe the case of a 57-years-old male healthy professional who added to his nutritional plan a novel, extremely biodiverse, probiotic and a supplement based on microbial chondroitin sulfate, vitamin D3 and ultrapure phosphatidylcholine to improve his healthy life expectancy. After three months of such a nutritional regimen, serum alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) activity was 0.40 that is a value below the minimum level established for adults (normal values: 0.50-0.95 nMol/mL/min). C-reactive Protein (CRP) was less than 1 (normal values: 0.00-5.00 mg/L), a value significantly lower than that recorded before this experience. At the end of the observation period, serum albumin level was 45 g/L, a value very close to the maximum reference value (normal values: 32.00-46.00 g/L). The Prognostic Inflammatory Nutritional Index (PINI) score was 0.05, a value that is close to the minimum calculated value (normal values: 0.00-1.00) and suggests a very low risk of death for all causes. Observation in silico and experiments in vitro demonstrated that both the probiotic and the supplement formed complexes with human nagalase with an efficiency 100 fold higher than that of purified Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF). The collection of these observations suggests that the combination of this probiotic and this supplement may lead to overall beneficial effects on health as evidenced by positive changes of indicators of immune system function and healthy aging such as nagalase, CRP, albumin and PINI score.
{"title":"Consumption of an Extremely Biodiverse Probiotic and a Supplement based on Microbial Chondroitin Sulfate is Associated with Very Low Serum Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (Nagalase) Activity and Decrease of C-reactive Protein Values","authors":"M. Carter, S. Pacini, M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2020.8.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2020.8.18","url":null,"abstract":"We describe the case of a 57-years-old male healthy professional who added to his nutritional plan a novel, extremely biodiverse, probiotic and a supplement based on microbial chondroitin sulfate, vitamin D3 and ultrapure phosphatidylcholine to improve his healthy life expectancy. After three months of such a nutritional regimen, serum alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) activity was 0.40 that is a value below the minimum level established for adults (normal values: 0.50-0.95 nMol/mL/min). C-reactive Protein (CRP) was less than 1 (normal values: 0.00-5.00 mg/L), a value significantly lower than that recorded before this experience. At the end of the observation period, serum albumin level was 45 g/L, a value very close to the maximum reference value (normal values: 32.00-46.00 g/L). The Prognostic Inflammatory Nutritional Index (PINI) score was 0.05, a value that is close to the minimum calculated value (normal values: 0.00-1.00) and suggests a very low risk of death for all causes. Observation in silico and experiments in vitro demonstrated that both the probiotic and the supplement formed complexes with human nagalase with an efficiency 100 fold higher than that of purified Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF). The collection of these observations suggests that the combination of this probiotic and this supplement may lead to overall beneficial effects on health as evidenced by positive changes of indicators of immune system function and healthy aging such as nagalase, CRP, albumin and PINI score.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"16 1","pages":"8-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2020.8.18","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42244807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study was to verify whether NCCRP-1 is a marker of a unique type of cells in teleost, so-called NCC, or an ubiquitin, like in cytotoxic cells. Therefore, common carp peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated and tested for the binding of fluorescent NCCRP-1 antibody to stained MAIT, γδ T and T cells following stress treatments. The results were analyzed by a confocal microscope. The results revealed the presence of NCCRP-1 in γδ T, MAIT and T cells in more than one type of leukocytes. γδ T cells were the dominant population in carp leukocytes. Therefore, it was concluded that there might be no presence of NCC cells in the common carp leukocytes and that the NCC marker,NCCRP-1, acts probably as an ubiquitin in cytotoxic cells such as γδ T and MAIT cells, which were abundant in peripheral blood leukocytes of common carp.
{"title":"NCCRP-1 Might Not be a Marker of so Called NCC Cells in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Leukocytes","authors":"M. Shimon-Hophy, Avi Jacob, R. Avtalion","doi":"10.3844/ajisp.2020.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2020.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to verify whether NCCRP-1 is a marker of a unique type of cells in teleost, so-called NCC, or an ubiquitin, like in cytotoxic cells. Therefore, common carp peripheral blood leukocytes were isolated and tested for the binding of fluorescent NCCRP-1 antibody to stained MAIT, γδ T and T cells following stress treatments. The results were analyzed by a confocal microscope. The results revealed the presence of NCCRP-1 in γδ T, MAIT and T cells in more than one type of leukocytes. γδ T cells were the dominant population in carp leukocytes. Therefore, it was concluded that there might be no presence of NCC cells in the common carp leukocytes and that the NCC marker,NCCRP-1, acts probably as an ubiquitin in cytotoxic cells such as γδ T and MAIT cells, which were abundant in peripheral blood leukocytes of common carp.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/ajisp.2020.1.7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we describe the changes associated with the consumption of an extremely biodiverse probiotic yogurt in a 55-year-old female from South Vietnam. In August 2019, the subject voluntarily embarked on a three-month nutritional experience and decided to share her experience with the goal of advancing scientific knowledge in the field of nutritional health. Consumption of this biodiverse probiotic yogurt was associated with a decrease in serum alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) activity, increased elimination of toxic metals and non-metal toxicants, a trend toward normalization of the lipid profile, and a trend toward a rebalance of the gut microbiota.
{"title":"Effects on the immune system of a three-month consumption of an extremely diverse probiotic yogurt: decrease of serum alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, detoxification and gut microbiota normalization","authors":"Jerry Blythe, M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.31232/osf.io/gqcdz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31232/osf.io/gqcdz","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we describe the changes associated with the consumption of an extremely biodiverse probiotic yogurt in a 55-year-old female from South Vietnam. In August 2019, the subject voluntarily embarked on a three-month nutritional experience and decided to share her experience with the goal of advancing scientific knowledge in the field of nutritional health. Consumption of this biodiverse probiotic yogurt was associated with a decrease in serum alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (nagalase) activity, increased elimination of toxic metals and non-metal toxicants, a trend toward normalization of the lipid profile, and a trend toward a rebalance of the gut microbiota.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46911329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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