Pub Date : 2017-01-28DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.107.113
S. Pacini, M. Ruggiero
It is estimated that the first processed food products consumed by humans pertained to the category of fermented foods and beverages such as beer, wine, sauerkraut, fermented sausage as well as fermented milk derivatives such as yogurt and kefir. Thus, fermented foods are endowed with undisputed healthy properties due to the presence of probiotic microbes that not only help supporting the healthy human microbiota, but also produce bioactive or bio-available metabolites that contribute to the host's wellbeing. It is widely acknowledged that modulation of the immune system is one of the beneficial effects associated with consuming fermented food products rich in live probiotics and this effect is being exploited in the field of natural immunotherapy. Here we describe the genesis and development of a novel, non-dairy product that may represent a novelty in the field of probiotic drinks since it combines the healthy properties of dairy-based products with the properties of non-dairy probiotic drinks. The major improvements over the existing non-dairy probiotic drinks consist in the number and diversity of probiotic strains endowed with health-promoting properties and in the presence of a glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, that is, at the same time, a newly identified prebiotic and a supplement known to modulate the immune system.
{"title":"Description of a Novel Probiotic Concept: Implications for the Modulation of the Immune System","authors":"S. Pacini, M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2017.107.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2017.107.113","url":null,"abstract":"It is estimated that the first processed food products consumed by humans pertained to the category of fermented foods and beverages such as beer, wine, sauerkraut, fermented sausage as well as fermented milk derivatives such as yogurt and kefir. Thus, fermented foods are endowed with undisputed healthy properties due to the presence of probiotic microbes that not only help supporting the healthy human microbiota, but also produce bioactive or bio-available metabolites that contribute to the host's wellbeing. It is widely acknowledged that modulation of the immune system is one of the beneficial effects associated with consuming fermented food products rich in live probiotics and this effect is being exploited in the field of natural immunotherapy. Here we describe the genesis and development of a novel, non-dairy product that may represent a novelty in the field of probiotic drinks since it combines the healthy properties of dairy-based products with the properties of non-dairy probiotic drinks. The major improvements over the existing non-dairy probiotic drinks consist in the number and diversity of probiotic strains endowed with health-promoting properties and in the presence of a glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, that is, at the same time, a newly identified prebiotic and a supplement known to modulate the immune system.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"107-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2017.107.113","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42609435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-12-11DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2016.99.106
Mahi Balcı, M. Erçin
The histopathological assessment of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions is relatively subjective. The distinguishing criteria established by WHO effectively reproducible when all selection criteria were fulfilling but sometimes fail to provide a reliable diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mast cell counts and their distribution among OLP and lichenoid lesions. The density and localization of mast cells was examined in 22 patients with a diagnosis of OLP (11 patients) or oral lichenoid reactions (11 patients) by c-kit/CD117 immunohistochemical and toluidine blue histochemical staining. Data were analyzed using either the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests. No significant difference in the total number of mast cells was observed between the two groups (P = 0.599); however, a significant difference was observed in mast cell counts between reticular and junctional zones (P<0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that mast cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of oral inflammation; however, the ability of mast cell measurements to reliably differentiate between lichen planus and other lichenoid mimickers was limited as the number of mast cells was found to be increased in both the conditions.
{"title":"Evaluation of Mast Cell Distribution in Oral Lichen Planus and Lichenoid Lesions by Immunohistochemical and Histochemical Analysis","authors":"Mahi Balcı, M. Erçin","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2016.99.106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2016.99.106","url":null,"abstract":"The histopathological assessment of Oral Lichen Planus (OLP) and oral lichenoid lesions is relatively subjective. The distinguishing criteria established by WHO effectively reproducible when all selection criteria were fulfilling but sometimes fail to provide a reliable diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mast cell counts and their distribution among OLP and lichenoid lesions. The density and localization of mast cells was examined in 22 patients with a diagnosis of OLP (11 patients) or oral lichenoid reactions (11 patients) by c-kit/CD117 immunohistochemical and toluidine blue histochemical staining. Data were analyzed using either the Kruskal-Wallis or Mann-Whitney U tests. No significant difference in the total number of mast cells was observed between the two groups (P = 0.599); however, a significant difference was observed in mast cell counts between reticular and junctional zones (P<0.05). The findings of the present study suggest that mast cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of oral inflammation; however, the ability of mast cell measurements to reliably differentiate between lichen planus and other lichenoid mimickers was limited as the number of mast cells was found to be increased in both the conditions.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"99-106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2016.99.106","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-21DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2016.91.98
M. Schwalb, Margit Taubmann, S. Hines, H. Reinwald, M. Ruggiero
Here we describe the results of a novel type of complementary immunotherapy of cancer that is based on a combination of ketogenic diet, administration of an emulsion made of chondroitin sulfate, vitamin D3 and oleic acid and of a fermented milk and colostrum product. The results here reported are consistent with current knowledge concerning the biological and clinical effects of each one of the elements used in the approach described in this study. Based on our results, we suggest that, among the different approaches to the complementary immunotherapy of cancer, those strategies based on ad-hoc formulated nutritional plans and on food supplements that stimulate the immune system and fight inflammation appear to be most promising. Thus, these approaches are characterized by inherent low toxicity and the possibility to use them in conjunction with conventional anti-cancer therapies targeting cancer cells such as radiation or chemotherapies.
{"title":"Clinical Observation of a Novel, Complementary, Immunotherapeutic Approach based on Ketogenic Diet, Chondroitin Sulfate, Vitamin D 3 , Oleic Acid and a Fermented Milk and Colostrum Product","authors":"M. Schwalb, Margit Taubmann, S. Hines, H. Reinwald, M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2016.91.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2016.91.98","url":null,"abstract":"Here we describe the results of a novel type of complementary immunotherapy of cancer that is based on a combination of ketogenic diet, administration of an emulsion made of chondroitin sulfate, vitamin D3 and oleic acid and of a fermented milk and colostrum product. The results here reported are consistent with current knowledge concerning the biological and clinical effects of each one of the elements used in the approach described in this study. Based on our results, we suggest that, among the different approaches to the complementary immunotherapy of cancer, those strategies based on ad-hoc formulated nutritional plans and on food supplements that stimulate the immune system and fight inflammation appear to be most promising. Thus, these approaches are characterized by inherent low toxicity and the possibility to use them in conjunction with conventional anti-cancer therapies targeting cancer cells such as radiation or chemotherapies.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"7 1","pages":"91-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2016.91.98","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-31DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2016.83.90
Kayla Burrell, A. Player
Recent data show the IL32 gene has at least nine transcript variants. The aim of this current study is to characterize the different transcript variants based on the latest sequencing data deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and determine which variants are responsible for the differential pattern of gene expression previously observed in MCF7 compared to MDA MB231 cell lines. Analyses of the nine transcript variants showed their sequences were incredibly similar. Other than variant 9, all of the variants differed from variant 1 by deletions. PCR analyses showed that the longer transcript variants contributed more to differential gene expression observed in the MDA MB231 compared to MCF7 cell lines. Because of the similarities between the variant sequences, when determining differential expression in the breast cell lines, investigators should consider strategies that target analyses of a combination of the longer IL32 transcript variants.
{"title":"Analyses of the Interleukin32 Transcript Variants in Breast Cancer Cell Lines","authors":"Kayla Burrell, A. Player","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2016.83.90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2016.83.90","url":null,"abstract":"Recent data show the IL32 gene has at least nine transcript variants. The aim of this current study is to characterize the different transcript variants based on the latest sequencing data deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and determine which variants are responsible for the differential pattern of gene expression previously observed in MCF7 compared to MDA MB231 cell lines. Analyses of the nine transcript variants showed their sequences were incredibly similar. Other than variant 9, all of the variants differed from variant 1 by deletions. PCR analyses showed that the longer transcript variants contributed more to differential gene expression observed in the MDA MB231 compared to MCF7 cell lines. Because of the similarities between the variant sequences, when determining differential expression in the breast cell lines, investigators should consider strategies that target analyses of a combination of the longer IL32 transcript variants.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2016.83.90","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-26DOI: 10.3844/ajisp.2016.69.76
A. Tanelian, D. F. Jaber, N. A. Akl, A. Abdelnoor
Earlier reports indicated that Bovine Cartilage (BC) had anti-tumor effects but only a few in vitro and in vivo investigations were conducted to assess its mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to investigate some of the proposed mechanisms of action of BC on mouse melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo and to determine if its effect on tumor cells is selective. One hundred and ten mice were divided into 5 groups and received Intraperitoneal (IP) injections of melanoma cells followed by treatment with BC using different routes of administration. Following a daily treatment period of 16 days, serum levels of VEGF and IL-12 were determined by ELISA at 2, 4 and 6 h after the last treatment dose. Additionally, 10 mice from each group were monitored for survival for 20 days post-last treatment. Moreover, melanoma and mouse mononuclear cells were incubated separately with increasing BC concentrations for 48 h and percent viability was determined. A significant decrease in the serum levels of VEGF and significant increase in the serum levels of IL-12 were observed in the groups treated with BC. Moreover 20% survival rate was noted in the group treated with BC both orally and IP, whereas 10% survival was noted in the groups given BC either IP or orally. In vitro, total eradication of melanoma cells was observed with 1000 μg mL-1 of BC. BC was not toxic to mouse mononuclear cells. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of BC was best observed when combined IP and oral doses were given and it appears that two of its actions are by activating macrophages as indicated by increases in IL-12 levels and blocking angiogenesis as indicated by decreases in VEGF levels. Finally BC showed selective toxicity against melanoma cells.
{"title":"The Effect of Bovine Cartilage on the Growth of Mouse B16F10 Melanoma Cells in vitro and in vivo","authors":"A. Tanelian, D. F. Jaber, N. A. Akl, A. Abdelnoor","doi":"10.3844/ajisp.2016.69.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2016.69.76","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier reports indicated that Bovine Cartilage (BC) had anti-tumor effects but only a few in vitro and in vivo investigations were conducted to assess its mechanism of action. The aim of this study was to investigate some of the proposed mechanisms of action of BC on mouse melanoma cells both in vitro and in vivo and to determine if its effect on tumor cells is selective. One hundred and ten mice were divided into 5 groups and received Intraperitoneal (IP) injections of melanoma cells followed by treatment with BC using different routes of administration. Following a daily treatment period of 16 days, serum levels of VEGF and IL-12 were determined by ELISA at 2, 4 and 6 h after the last treatment dose. Additionally, 10 mice from each group were monitored for survival for 20 days post-last treatment. Moreover, melanoma and mouse mononuclear cells were incubated separately with increasing BC concentrations for 48 h and percent viability was determined. A significant decrease in the serum levels of VEGF and significant increase in the serum levels of IL-12 were observed in the groups treated with BC. Moreover 20% survival rate was noted in the group treated with BC both orally and IP, whereas 10% survival was noted in the groups given BC either IP or orally. In vitro, total eradication of melanoma cells was observed with 1000 μg mL-1 of BC. BC was not toxic to mouse mononuclear cells. The in vivo anti-tumor effect of BC was best observed when combined IP and oral doses were given and it appears that two of its actions are by activating macrophages as indicated by increases in IL-12 levels and blocking angiogenesis as indicated by decreases in VEGF levels. Finally BC showed selective toxicity against melanoma cells.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"69-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/ajisp.2016.69.76","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-14DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2016.77.82
M. Ruggiero
Email: marco.drruggiero@gmail.com Abstract: In this Editorial I reinterpret the results observed with the Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) at the light of two recent papers published on this topic. According to the results and the hypothesis emerging from these papers, the biological and clinical effects thus far attributed to GcMAF are indeed to be ascribed to a glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, that binds both the precursor and the active form of GcMAF. Such an interpretation has the advantage of solving all the contradictions and inconsistencies that have recently characterized the field of GcMAF-based immunotherapy. This novel interpretation is particularly apt at explaining the results observed in vitro and in vivo concerning the administration of GcMAF to autistic subjects.
{"title":"Gc Protein-Derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) and Autism: Do Clinical Results Require a Novel Interpretation?","authors":"M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2016.77.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2016.77.82","url":null,"abstract":"Email: marco.drruggiero@gmail.com Abstract: In this Editorial I reinterpret the results observed with the Gc protein-derived Macrophage Activating Factor (GcMAF) at the light of two recent papers published on this topic. According to the results and the hypothesis emerging from these papers, the biological and clinical effects thus far attributed to GcMAF are indeed to be ascribed to a glycosaminoglycan, chondroitin sulfate, that binds both the precursor and the active form of GcMAF. Such an interpretation has the advantage of solving all the contradictions and inconsistencies that have recently characterized the field of GcMAF-based immunotherapy. This novel interpretation is particularly apt at explaining the results observed in vitro and in vivo concerning the administration of GcMAF to autistic subjects.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2016.77.82","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-29DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2016.52.55
S. Sel, Mark A. Brown, J. Storsberg, C. Schmidt
{"title":"What You See Is What You Get","authors":"S. Sel, Mark A. Brown, J. Storsberg, C. Schmidt","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2016.52.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2016.52.55","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"52-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2016.52.55","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-30DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2016.61.68
R. Josef, Král Vlastimil, Rajnohova Dobiasova Lucie, Svozil Vladimir, P. Petr, V. Vaclav
Asthma Bronchiale (AB) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways currently affecting around 350,000,000 patients in the world. A steady increase in prevalence of this disease was the incentive for our study of the prevalence of AB in the Czech Republic. Special attention was focused on possible differential regional incidence. We found that prevalence of this disease in an age group 0-14 years is 5.21%, in age group of 15-19 is 11.5%. In the 2000-2013 period, we observed a 268% increase in the 0-14 group and 685% increase in the 15-19 group. Using published materials, we used medical costs values from other European countries, which are in range of 600 to 3,200 dollars to calculate the finacial burden in the Czech Republic. When we used a conservative estimate of $1,200, the total costs of AB treatment in the 0-14 years group is $66,475,200 per year. When compared with the year 2000, the increase in financial costs is more than $50,000,000, with the anticipated increase of $30,000,000 every single year. These findings indicate that there is a necessity to increase interest in primary prevention and early diagnosis of this disease.
{"title":"Prevalence of Asthma Bronchiale in the Czech Republic and its Economic Burden","authors":"R. Josef, Král Vlastimil, Rajnohova Dobiasova Lucie, Svozil Vladimir, P. Petr, V. Vaclav","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2016.61.68","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2016.61.68","url":null,"abstract":"Asthma Bronchiale (AB) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways currently affecting around 350,000,000 patients in the world. A steady increase in prevalence of this disease was the incentive for our study of the prevalence of AB in the Czech Republic. Special attention was focused on possible differential regional incidence. We found that prevalence of this disease in an age group 0-14 years is 5.21%, in age group of 15-19 is 11.5%. In the 2000-2013 period, we observed a 268% increase in the 0-14 group and 685% increase in the 15-19 group. Using published materials, we used medical costs values from other European countries, which are in range of 600 to 3,200 dollars to calculate the finacial burden in the Czech Republic. When we used a conservative estimate of $1,200, the total costs of AB treatment in the 0-14 years group is $66,475,200 per year. When compared with the year 2000, the increase in financial costs is more than $50,000,000, with the anticipated increase of $30,000,000 every single year. These findings indicate that there is a necessity to increase interest in primary prevention and early diagnosis of this disease.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"61-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2016.61.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-28DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2016.56.60
M. Staykova, F. Mattner, D. Liñares, A. Katsifis
Ligands targeting the translocator protein exhibit a variety of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. A double application of eight translocator protein ligands to activated murine macrophage-like cells changed to a different extent the levels of secreted reactive nitrogen intermediates, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge this is the first report suggesting that multiple applications of different translocator protein ligands may have selective effects on the macrophage inflammatory milieu that do not appear to be related to just the ligand affinity.
{"title":"Double Application of Translocator Protein Ligands and RAW Cells Inflammatory Milieu","authors":"M. Staykova, F. Mattner, D. Liñares, A. Katsifis","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2016.56.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2016.56.60","url":null,"abstract":"Ligands targeting the translocator protein exhibit a variety of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. A double application of eight translocator protein ligands to activated murine macrophage-like cells changed to a different extent the levels of secreted reactive nitrogen intermediates, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. To our knowledge this is the first report suggesting that multiple applications of different translocator protein ligands may have selective effects on the macrophage inflammatory milieu that do not appear to be related to just the ligand affinity.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"56-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2016.56.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-08-22DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2016.49.51
J. Storsberg, Mark A. Brown, C. Schmidt
1Department of Biomaterials and Healthcare, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Division of Life Science and Bioprocesses, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany 2Department of Clinical Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA 3Editorial Office, The American Journal of Immunology, S-207, 244, 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10001 USA and S-71, 1A, 400, King William St, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
1 Fraunhofer应用聚合物研究所(IAP)生命科学与生物过程学部，Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476波茨坦-戈姆，德国2科罗拉多州立大学临床科学系和科罗拉多公共卫生学院，Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052，美国3美国免疫学杂志编辑部，纽约第五大道S-207, 244, NY, 10001美国和S-71, 1A, 400, King William St，阿德莱德，SA 5000，澳大利亚
{"title":"Vaccination Against Heart Attack","authors":"J. Storsberg, Mark A. Brown, C. Schmidt","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2016.49.51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2016.49.51","url":null,"abstract":"1Department of Biomaterials and Healthcare, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), Division of Life Science and Bioprocesses, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany 2Department of Clinical Sciences and Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA 3Editorial Office, The American Journal of Immunology, S-207, 244, 5th Avenue, New York, NY, 10001 USA and S-71, 1A, 400, King William St, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"12 1","pages":"49-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2016.49.51","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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