Pub Date : 2019-11-28DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2019.33.35
Lechuang Chen, G. Jin
{"title":"Editorial Commentary: Challenge of Non–AIDS-Defining Cancers (NADCs), Focusing on Trans Activation Response Element (TAR) RNA Embedding Exosomes","authors":"Lechuang Chen, G. Jin","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2019.33.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2019.33.35","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46500092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2019.10.18
Alshymaa A. Ahmed, N. Said, Alia A. El Shahaway, Nagwan A. Ismail
Response to Bronchodilators is influenced by many factors including genetics. To evaluate the influence of SLC22A4 gene polymorphisms (rs3792876 and rs2073838) on the response to inhaled salbutamol in asthmatic patients, bronchodilator response was assessed in 180 bronchial asthma patients via measuring changes of the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) after the administration of inhaled salbutamol and genotyping for rs3792876 and rs2073838 was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Frequencies of genotypes were compared in between responders and non-responders. The frequency of rs2073838 genotypes showed no significant differences. On the other hand, the recessive genotype of rs3792876 occurred more frequently among the non-responding patients P = 0.01, 95% confidence interval (1.2-9.5). The homozygous form of rs3792876 can influence the absorption of inhaled bronchodilator (Salbutamol), although, replication studies on this point are recommended.
{"title":"The Role of SLC22A4 Gene Polymorphisms in the Response to Salbutamol in Asthmatic Patients","authors":"Alshymaa A. Ahmed, N. Said, Alia A. El Shahaway, Nagwan A. Ismail","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2019.10.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2019.10.18","url":null,"abstract":"Response to Bronchodilators is influenced by many factors including genetics. To evaluate the influence of SLC22A4 gene polymorphisms (rs3792876 and rs2073838) on the response to inhaled salbutamol in asthmatic patients, bronchodilator response was assessed in 180 bronchial asthma patients via measuring changes of the Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) after the administration of inhaled salbutamol and genotyping for rs3792876 and rs2073838 was carried out using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Frequencies of genotypes were compared in between responders and non-responders. The frequency of rs2073838 genotypes showed no significant differences. On the other hand, the recessive genotype of rs3792876 occurred more frequently among the non-responding patients P = 0.01, 95% confidence interval (1.2-9.5). The homozygous form of rs3792876 can influence the absorption of inhaled bronchodilator (Salbutamol), although, replication studies on this point are recommended.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"732 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2019.36.39
K. Kerboua, K. Djenouhat
Lecturing has been the predominant mode of instruction since universities were founded in Western Europe over 900 y ago and still the sole method of instruction in the developing countries. However, claiming that adopting a specific new method will have reproducible results regardless the population’s characteristics is simply not possible. In this study, we sought to demonstrate that hybrid form of lecturing and active learning could be used as a curricular tool for medical education, specifically for immunology, to enhance learning performance and promote development of test-taking and metacognitive skills among students from the faculty of medicine of Oran, West Algeria. One hundred fifty four 2nd year dental medicine students were analyzed for several parameters to assess classical and active learning methods. The median comparison showed a marked improvement of exam scores in groups taken Brainstorming (BS) and Problems-Based-Learning (PBLs) (p<0.00). BS was associated with the control of immunology learning (p = 0.044), students active participation (p = 0.023), practical knowledge (p = 0.011) and knowledge organization of the (p = 0.045). Herein, we confirm that the active learning is widely accepted by Algerian medical student as complementary tool to the lecturing. We propose that hybrid formula of these two approaches is needed to work cooperatively to solve problems and develop solutions.
{"title":"Could the Hybrid form of Lecturing and Active Learning be used as a Curricular Tool for Medical Education of Immunology in Algeria?","authors":"K. Kerboua, K. Djenouhat","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2019.36.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2019.36.39","url":null,"abstract":"Lecturing has been the predominant mode of instruction since universities were founded in Western Europe over 900 y ago and still the sole method of instruction in the developing countries. However, claiming that adopting a specific new method will have reproducible results regardless the population’s characteristics is simply not possible. In this study, we sought to demonstrate that hybrid form of lecturing and active learning could be used as a curricular tool for medical education, specifically for immunology, to enhance learning performance and promote development of test-taking and metacognitive skills among students from the faculty of medicine of Oran, West Algeria. One hundred fifty four 2nd year dental medicine students were analyzed for several parameters to assess classical and active learning methods. The median comparison showed a marked improvement of exam scores in groups taken Brainstorming (BS) and Problems-Based-Learning (PBLs) (p<0.00). BS was associated with the control of immunology learning (p = 0.044), students active participation (p = 0.023), practical knowledge (p = 0.011) and knowledge organization of the (p = 0.045). Herein, we confirm that the active learning is widely accepted by Algerian medical student as complementary tool to the lecturing. We propose that hybrid formula of these two approaches is needed to work cooperatively to solve problems and develop solutions.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2019.36.39","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42433909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2019.19.21
Callie M. Blase, Brandon K. Rouault, Maia B. Zoller, Joshua V. Luff, Emma J. Lerch, Brynn N. Lauterbachq, Mark A. Brown, J. Storsberg, C. Schmidt
The pricing for immunologic agents and antibody-based therapeutics has increased precipitously in recent years. Among the key contributors to price hikes is the static practice of granting commercial exclusivity to innovator drugs and biologics. Herein, we present a mechanism for individualizing periods of commercial exclusivity to control pricing for drugs and biologics.
{"title":"Individualizing Periods of Commercial Exclusivity to Control Pricing for Drugs and Biologics","authors":"Callie M. Blase, Brandon K. Rouault, Maia B. Zoller, Joshua V. Luff, Emma J. Lerch, Brynn N. Lauterbachq, Mark A. Brown, J. Storsberg, C. Schmidt","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2019.19.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2019.19.21","url":null,"abstract":"The pricing for immunologic agents and antibody-based therapeutics has increased precipitously in recent years. Among the key contributors to price hikes is the static practice of granting commercial exclusivity to innovator drugs and biologics. Herein, we present a mechanism for individualizing periods of commercial exclusivity to control pricing for drugs and biologics.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42411471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mark A. Brown, Ilham M Alshiraihi, Callie M. Blase, J. Storsberg, C. Schmidt
The need for effective means of authentication of medical devices has increased with the growing number of falsified in vitro diagnostics and devices being introduced across world markets. Such substandard products result in negative consequences ranging from harm to patients and/or failure to impart the desired clinical outcomes to a loss of public trust in healthcare providers and regulatory agencies. Herein, we discuss the growing specter of medical device falsification, related cybersecurity threats and selected novel approaches suggested for authentication.
{"title":"Methods for Universal Authentication of Medical Devices","authors":"Mark A. Brown, Ilham M Alshiraihi, Callie M. Blase, J. Storsberg, C. Schmidt","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2019.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2019.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The need for effective means of authentication of medical devices has increased with the growing number of falsified in vitro diagnostics and devices being introduced across world markets. Such substandard products result in negative consequences ranging from harm to patients and/or failure to impart the desired clinical outcomes to a loss of public trust in healthcare providers and regulatory agencies. Herein, we discuss the growing specter of medical device falsification, related cybersecurity threats and selected novel approaches suggested for authentication.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2019.1.4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2019.22.32
S. Pacini, M. Ruggiero
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) arising from the disruption of mitochondrial respiration act as endogenous mutagens and tumor promoters. When production of ROS exceeds the capacity of DNA repair mechanisms, random mutations and aneuploidy ensue, thousands of genes become unbalanced and genetic/epigenetic chain reactions lead to progressive aneuploidy with only two outcomes: karyotypes so altered that are not viable or karyotypes of autonomous, immortal, cancer cells. Consistent with the concept that abnormalities of cellular respiration in mitochondria precede DNA alterations in the nucleus, transplant of normal mitochondria suppresses tumorigenesis and metastases in vitro and in vivo. However, the transplant of mitochondria is an experimental procedure that cannot be easily applied to clinical practice. In order to overcome this limitation, we designed a novel formula based on microbial chondroitin sulfate, vitamin D3 and ultrapure phosphatidylcholine, molecules that are known to restore mitochondrial functionality and suppress ROS production. Here we describe how such an approach can be evaluated by color Doppler ultrasonography of the radial artery and measure of the Isovolumetric Relaxation Time (IVRT). In addition, we show for the first time color Doppler signals originating from axons of the median nerve that may be indicative of quantum phenomena at the level of mitochondria. We propose the use of the original ultrasonographic techniques here described for evaluating the effectiveness of substances or strategies aimed at restoring mitochondrial functionality at the macroscopic and quantum levels.
{"title":"Color Doppler Evaluation of Isovolumetric Relaxation Time and of Signals Arising from Axons of the Median Nerve as a Means to Evaluate Mitochondrial Functionality in the Context of Immunotherapy of Cancer and Chronic Conditions Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction","authors":"S. Pacini, M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2019.22.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2019.22.32","url":null,"abstract":"Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) arising from the disruption of mitochondrial respiration act as endogenous mutagens and tumor promoters. When production of ROS exceeds the capacity of DNA repair mechanisms, random mutations and aneuploidy ensue, thousands of genes become unbalanced and genetic/epigenetic chain reactions lead to progressive aneuploidy with only two outcomes: karyotypes so altered that are not viable or karyotypes of autonomous, immortal, cancer cells. Consistent with the concept that abnormalities of cellular respiration in mitochondria precede DNA alterations in the nucleus, transplant of normal mitochondria suppresses tumorigenesis and metastases in vitro and in vivo. However, the transplant of mitochondria is an experimental procedure that cannot be easily applied to clinical practice. In order to overcome this limitation, we designed a novel formula based on microbial chondroitin sulfate, vitamin D3 and ultrapure phosphatidylcholine, molecules that are known to restore mitochondrial functionality and suppress ROS production. Here we describe how such an approach can be evaluated by color Doppler ultrasonography of the radial artery and measure of the Isovolumetric Relaxation Time (IVRT). In addition, we show for the first time color Doppler signals originating from axons of the median nerve that may be indicative of quantum phenomena at the level of mitochondria. We propose the use of the original ultrasonographic techniques here described for evaluating the effectiveness of substances or strategies aimed at restoring mitochondrial functionality at the macroscopic and quantum levels.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42070609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2019.40.46
Elisa Gonzalez Cuevas, N. Chakraborty
The brain interacts with the immune system in a highly regulated and restricted manner. Immune signals initiate pro- and anti-inflammatory activity in most body tissues in response to disease states and injury. An accumulation of inflammatory insults can disrupt immune metabolic homeostasis and give rise to pathology in sensitive areas. Here, we provide an overview of interactions between immune metabolism and the brain, with an emphasis on immune homeostatic regulation. We propose that an imbalance in immune activity can have a dose and time dependent effect on susceptible tissues. In the brain, this can contribute to neuronal injury and subsequent decline in function. We also discuss a specific pathology application involving the inflammation model of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). AD exemplifies the complexities of a disease etiology with multiple contributing factors, which has complicated the development of effective therapies. Patients could thus benefit from an individualized risk assessment and prevention approach that focuses on preservation of function and minimization of immune metabolic damage.
{"title":"Immune Metabolism in Functional Aspects of the Brain","authors":"Elisa Gonzalez Cuevas, N. Chakraborty","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2019.40.46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2019.40.46","url":null,"abstract":"The brain interacts with the immune system in a highly regulated and restricted manner. Immune signals initiate pro- and anti-inflammatory activity in most body tissues in response to disease states and injury. An accumulation of inflammatory insults can disrupt immune metabolic homeostasis and give rise to pathology in sensitive areas. Here, we provide an overview of interactions between immune metabolism and the brain, with an emphasis on immune homeostatic regulation. We propose that an imbalance in immune activity can have a dose and time dependent effect on susceptible tissues. In the brain, this can contribute to neuronal injury and subsequent decline in function. We also discuss a specific pathology application involving the inflammation model of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). AD exemplifies the complexities of a disease etiology with multiple contributing factors, which has complicated the development of effective therapies. Patients could thus benefit from an individualized risk assessment and prevention approach that focuses on preservation of function and minimization of immune metabolic damage.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48939232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most widespread disabling autoimmune neurological conditions of adults between the ages of 20 and 40 globally. Medical researchers do not completely understand the possible causes of MS, nor have they determined the rate of progression. A limited number of clinical trials conducted in recent years have explored the link between vitamin D deficiency and MS with vitamin D supplementation as a possible element in the treatment of this disease. The primary goal of this review was to synthesize the evidence regarding the link between vitamin D3 levels and the symptoms of MS. A PubMed search was conducted using keywords Vitamin D, multiple sclerosis, MS, RRMS, prevention, treatment and cause. 1153 articles and sources were found using the key phrase “multiple sclerosis and vitamin D,” but these were narrowed to 11 based on publication dates between 2013 and 2018, clinical trials were included, while reviews were excluded and the relevance of the goals to this review. Study designs included experimental clinical trials where pretest/posttest data were presented. Articles were excluded if they were not peer reviewed or only described the method and were awaiting results. Although not all studies found uniform results, the majority of the evidence suggests that high intakes of vitamin D may be associated with improved quality of life through the reduction of certain symptoms of MS. This was especially evident in patients who started the studies with a vitamin D deficiency. It may be too early to prescribe an increase in daily supplementation of vitamin D with the hope of reducing the development of or in the treatment of MS, but recent studies indicate that high doses of vitamin D could decrease the probability of some symptoms of the disease and possibly give favorable results in treatment. Further studies are needed before specific recommendations can be made.
{"title":"High-Dose Vitamin D3 Intake Is Associated with Decreased Symptoms of Multiple Sclerosis","authors":"Michelle L. Steinwart, D. Duriancik","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2018.7.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2018.7.14","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most widespread disabling autoimmune neurological conditions of adults between the ages of 20 and 40 globally. Medical researchers do not completely understand the possible causes of MS, nor have they determined the rate of progression. A limited number of clinical trials conducted in recent years have explored the link between vitamin D deficiency and MS with vitamin D supplementation as a possible element in the treatment of this disease. The primary goal of this review was to synthesize the evidence regarding the link between vitamin D3 levels and the symptoms of MS. A PubMed search was conducted using keywords Vitamin D, multiple sclerosis, MS, RRMS, prevention, treatment and cause. 1153 articles and sources were found using the key phrase “multiple sclerosis and vitamin D,” but these were narrowed to 11 based on publication dates between 2013 and 2018, clinical trials were included, while reviews were excluded and the relevance of the goals to this review. Study designs included experimental clinical trials where pretest/posttest data were presented. Articles were excluded if they were not peer reviewed or only described the method and were awaiting results. Although not all studies found uniform results, the majority of the evidence suggests that high intakes of vitamin D may be associated with improved quality of life through the reduction of certain symptoms of MS. This was especially evident in patients who started the studies with a vitamin D deficiency. It may be too early to prescribe an increase in daily supplementation of vitamin D with the hope of reducing the development of or in the treatment of MS, but recent studies indicate that high doses of vitamin D could decrease the probability of some symptoms of the disease and possibly give favorable results in treatment. Further studies are needed before specific recommendations can be made.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2018.7.14","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45909198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In an earlier study we had investigated the effect of Bovine Cartilage (BC) on mouse melanoma cells. In pursuant to this study BC anti-tumor activity in vitro against several human tumor cell lines was evaluated, mechanism by which BC induces tumor cell death was studied and its immunogenicity was assessed. Five mice received Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of BC once every 14 days for over a period of 42 days. Fourteen days after the last BC dose, mice were bled and sera were used to assess production of anti-BC antibodies by passive hemagglutination. To assess the effect of BC on human tumor cells, three different human tumor cell lines were incubated separately with increasing concentrations of BC for 48 h and percent viability was determined in vitro. Moreover, human lung cancer cell line A549 and mouse B16F10 melanoma cells were incubated separately with their respective half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BC and apoptosis/necrosis assay was performed. No antibody against BC was detected. In vitro, total eradication of human tumor cell lines was seen with 5000 μg mL-1 of BC. It appears that BC induces tumor cell death through apoptosis and this mechanism of action is the same across different cell lines and species. Additionally, BC appeared to be non-immunogenic.
{"title":"The Action of Bovine Cartilage on Tumor Cells In Vitro And In Vivo","authors":"A. Tanelian, A. Abdelnoor","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2018.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2018.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"In an earlier study we had investigated the effect of Bovine Cartilage (BC) on mouse melanoma cells. In pursuant to this study BC anti-tumor activity in vitro against several human tumor cell lines was evaluated, mechanism by which BC induces tumor cell death was studied and its immunogenicity was assessed. Five mice received Intraperitoneal (IP) injection of BC once every 14 days for over a period of 42 days. Fourteen days after the last BC dose, mice were bled and sera were used to assess production of anti-BC antibodies by passive hemagglutination. To assess the effect of BC on human tumor cells, three different human tumor cell lines were incubated separately with increasing concentrations of BC for 48 h and percent viability was determined in vitro. Moreover, human lung cancer cell line A549 and mouse B16F10 melanoma cells were incubated separately with their respective half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of BC and apoptosis/necrosis assay was performed. No antibody against BC was detected. In vitro, total eradication of human tumor cell lines was seen with 5000 μg mL-1 of BC. It appears that BC induces tumor cell death through apoptosis and this mechanism of action is the same across different cell lines and species. Additionally, BC appeared to be non-immunogenic.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2018.1.6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43881172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3844/ajisp.2018.26.33
R. Josef, Závorková Martina, S. Ivana, Král Vlastimil, V. Vaclav
The role of beta glucan in stimulating of various biological reactions is getting more and more attention. In this report, we focused on the effects of oral supplementation with beta glucan and vitamin D on changes in serum levels of orosomucoids in patients with diabetic retinopathy. We measured the level of orosomucoids and evaluated the effects of oral supplementation. In this study we report significant decrease of orosomucoids levels after the end of the three-month treatment. Our results support the fact that continual supplementation with glucan is necessary for diabetes melitus and diabetic retinopathy patients.
{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy: Changes in Levels of Orosomucoids in Patients Supplemented with Beta Glucan and Vitamin D","authors":"R. Josef, Závorková Martina, S. Ivana, Král Vlastimil, V. Vaclav","doi":"10.3844/ajisp.2018.26.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2018.26.33","url":null,"abstract":"The role of beta glucan in stimulating of various biological reactions is getting more and more attention. In this report, we focused on the effects of oral supplementation with beta glucan and vitamin D on changes in serum levels of orosomucoids in patients with diabetic retinopathy. We measured the level of orosomucoids and evaluated the effects of oral supplementation. In this study we report significant decrease of orosomucoids levels after the end of the three-month treatment. Our results support the fact that continual supplementation with glucan is necessary for diabetes melitus and diabetic retinopathy patients.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":"26-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/ajisp.2018.26.33","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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