Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2018.15.25
Z. Merhi, A. Bazzi, Rajean Moseley-LaRue, Amber Ray Moseley, A. Smith, John Z. H. Zhang, M. Ruggiero
Ozone (O3), a highly water-soluble inorganic molecule, is a gas made of three atoms of oxygen (O) with a cyclic structure. Ozone can be produced by medical generators from pure oxygen after passing through a high voltage gradient. Ozone therapy (OT) can be given in medical practice via several routes that include transdermal, intramuscular, rectal, nasal, oral, vaginal, intravenous, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intra-pleural, topical, dental, intra-discal and by auto-hemotherapy. Because ozone, a highly reactive molecule, is a potent oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, it has strong bactericidal, antiviral, anti-fungal and anti-protozoal actions as well as therapeutic effects on the immune system. With its multifaceted route of administration, OThas been used to treat several pathologies that involve the immune system such as cancers, sepsis, abscesses and chronic wounds, skin problems (such as eczema and psoriasis), HIV infection, asthma, arthritis, urologic problems, osteomyelitis and many others. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the role of OT in the male reproductive system. We performed a review of all available basic science, experimental animal studies and clinical peer-reviewed articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar until November 2018. The literature so far retrieved shows that most studies pertaining to the effect of OT on male reproduction were performed in animals. Results to date show that OT, via improving the immune system, significantly protects testicular function in the setting of testicular torsion/ischemia, protects against the effect of gonadotoxic agents and treats bacterial infections in the semen. This article calls for a need for at least pilot studies in humans using OT in its safest route of administration, which is probably the transdermal one. This would be significant especially considering that male factor infertility constitutes up to one third of couple infertility and it is very common that poor semen parameters are irreversible with medical or surgical treatment, such as varicocele repair or vasectomy reversal.
{"title":"Ozone Therapy: Overview of its Potential Utility in Male Reproduction","authors":"Z. Merhi, A. Bazzi, Rajean Moseley-LaRue, Amber Ray Moseley, A. Smith, John Z. H. Zhang, M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2018.15.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2018.15.25","url":null,"abstract":"Ozone (O3), a highly water-soluble inorganic molecule, is a gas made of three atoms of oxygen (O) with a cyclic structure. Ozone can be produced by medical generators from pure oxygen after passing through a high voltage gradient. Ozone therapy (OT) can be given in medical practice via several routes that include transdermal, intramuscular, rectal, nasal, oral, vaginal, intravenous, intra-arterial, intraperitoneal, intra-pleural, topical, dental, intra-discal and by auto-hemotherapy. Because ozone, a highly reactive molecule, is a potent oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, it has strong bactericidal, antiviral, anti-fungal and anti-protozoal actions as well as therapeutic effects on the immune system. With its multifaceted route of administration, OThas been used to treat several pathologies that involve the immune system such as cancers, sepsis, abscesses and chronic wounds, skin problems (such as eczema and psoriasis), HIV infection, asthma, arthritis, urologic problems, osteomyelitis and many others. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the role of OT in the male reproductive system. We performed a review of all available basic science, experimental animal studies and clinical peer-reviewed articles published in PubMed and Google Scholar until November 2018. The literature so far retrieved shows that most studies pertaining to the effect of OT on male reproduction were performed in animals. Results to date show that OT, via improving the immune system, significantly protects testicular function in the setting of testicular torsion/ischemia, protects against the effect of gonadotoxic agents and treats bacterial infections in the semen. This article calls for a need for at least pilot studies in humans using OT in its safest route of administration, which is probably the transdermal one. This would be significant especially considering that male factor infertility constitutes up to one third of couple infertility and it is very common that poor semen parameters are irreversible with medical or surgical treatment, such as varicocele repair or vasectomy reversal.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2018.15.25","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70191145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-01-01DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2018.34.41
Nicola Antonucci, Dietrich K. Klinghardt, S. Pacini, M. Ruggiero
Here, we describe the adaptation to the field of autism of an original procedure denominated the "Ruggiero-Klinghardt Protocol" (RK Protocol), a procedure that represents a paradigm change with significant implications for chronic conditions where immunotherapy may prove effective; that is from silent infections to neurodegenerative diseases, autism and cancer. In the context of autism, the modified RK Protocol that we propose here serves the purpose of discovering hidden infections that may be associated with autism and contribute to its symptoms. This notion is consistent with the observation that immune modulating molecules are effective in autism treatment. In the RK Protocol modified for autism, we introduce the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), a more objective and sophisticated method of evaluation compared with the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement scale that was previously used, independently of the RK Protocol, to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy of autism. The modifications that we present in this study take advantage of the experience that has accumulated in the two years after the publication of the original RK Protocol. Similarly to the original RK Protocol, this new version offers the advantage of being safe and relatively inexpensive since it does not require sophisticated instruments; because of this, it can be implemented in different parts of the world. We envisage that implementation of the RK Protocol modified for autism may contribute to decrease the burden of the disease as it enables prevention, early diagnosis and treatment on a large scale.
{"title":"Tailoring the Ruggiero-Klinghardt Protocol to Immunotherapy of Autism","authors":"Nicola Antonucci, Dietrich K. Klinghardt, S. Pacini, M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2018.34.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2018.34.41","url":null,"abstract":"Here, we describe the adaptation to the field of autism of an original procedure denominated the \"Ruggiero-Klinghardt Protocol\" (RK Protocol), a procedure that represents a paradigm change with significant implications for chronic conditions where immunotherapy may prove effective; that is from silent infections to neurodegenerative diseases, autism and cancer. In the context of autism, the modified RK Protocol that we propose here serves the purpose of discovering hidden infections that may be associated with autism and contribute to its symptoms. This notion is consistent with the observation that immune modulating molecules are effective in autism treatment. In the RK Protocol modified for autism, we introduce the Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), a more objective and sophisticated method of evaluation compared with the Clinical Global Impression of Improvement scale that was previously used, independently of the RK Protocol, to evaluate the effectiveness of immunotherapy of autism. The modifications that we present in this study take advantage of the experience that has accumulated in the two years after the publication of the original RK Protocol. Similarly to the original RK Protocol, this new version offers the advantage of being safe and relatively inexpensive since it does not require sophisticated instruments; because of this, it can be implemented in different parts of the world. We envisage that implementation of the RK Protocol modified for autism may contribute to decrease the burden of the disease as it enables prevention, early diagnosis and treatment on a large scale.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"14 1","pages":"34-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2018.34.41","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70190695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-22DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.233.252
Manar M. Ismail
AML originates from genetic insults of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs/HSCs) that was identified earlier as leukemia stem cells (LSCs). In quiescent state, trafficking immune cells are crucial for eradication of aberrant clones and obtaining balance between proliferation and apoptosis to maintain HSCs pool. Regulatory T-cells shield the HSCs from the inflammatory reactions by suppressing T- and B- cells. Cancer immunoediting characterize the interaction between the tumor cells and the immune system during cancer evolution. Both branches of the immune system; innate and adaptive can identify AML blasts, eliminating them completely or keeping a balance state that prevents tumor excrescence. However, the AML blasts are struggling to survive and induce many evasion mechanisms ranged from suppression of natural killer and T cytotoxic cells up to the support of suppressor cells and creating a tumor permissive microenvironment. Upon aging, the immune system is restructured in a process termed immunosenescence. The most sticking event in immunosenescence is thymic involution with reduced T-cell output and diversity that will affect the immune surveillance properties, in addition to inflammaging that prepare a convenient environment for the evolution of AML. In this age-impaired immunity background, together with the other age related changes occur in HSPCs and bone marrow microenvironment would initiate and promote the development of AML that is indeed observed in older patients. Realizing this relation would help in proper choice of therapy and the development of new lines of immunotherapy against this difficult disease in that critical age.
{"title":"The Triple Immune Argument; Surveillance/Evasion/ Senescence and the Increased Incidence of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Observed with Age","authors":"Manar M. Ismail","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2017.233.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2017.233.252","url":null,"abstract":"AML originates from genetic insults of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs/HSCs) that was identified earlier as leukemia stem cells (LSCs). In quiescent state, trafficking immune cells are crucial for eradication of aberrant clones and obtaining balance between proliferation and apoptosis to maintain HSCs pool. Regulatory T-cells shield the HSCs from the inflammatory reactions by suppressing T- and B- cells. Cancer immunoediting characterize the interaction between the tumor cells and the immune system during cancer evolution. Both branches of the immune system; innate and adaptive can identify AML blasts, eliminating them completely or keeping a balance state that prevents tumor excrescence. However, the AML blasts are struggling to survive and induce many evasion mechanisms ranged from suppression of natural killer and T cytotoxic cells up to the support of suppressor cells and creating a tumor permissive microenvironment. Upon aging, the immune system is restructured in a process termed immunosenescence. The most sticking event in immunosenescence is thymic involution with reduced T-cell output and diversity that will affect the immune surveillance properties, in addition to inflammaging that prepare a convenient environment for the evolution of AML. In this age-impaired immunity background, together with the other age related changes occur in HSPCs and bone marrow microenvironment would initiate and promote the development of AML that is indeed observed in older patients. Realizing this relation would help in proper choice of therapy and the development of new lines of immunotherapy against this difficult disease in that critical age.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"233-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2017.233.252","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45037063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-04DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.216.232
C. Schmidt, Dongkyoon Kim, S. Mathur, David Covarrubias, Chhaya Das, Mark A. Brown, J. Storsberg, Haley O. Tucker
Primary cells are protected against oncogenic events by undergoing premature cellular senescence—an irreversible cell cycle arrest activated by mitogenic signaling as well as by overexpression of tumor suppressors, including p16INK4A, p53 and PML. In the human, downregulation of Dril1/E2F-BP1, a transcriptional regulator of E2F, promotes PML-dependent premature senescence and bypass of ant-iproliferative signaling by p19Arf/p53/p21Cip1 and p16INK4a to prevent both RasV12-induced and spontaneous senescence. The mouse ortholog, Arid3A/Bright, while highly characterized in B lymphocytes for its function in immunoglobulin transcription and hematopoiesis, had yet to be assessed for a function in growth control. That, along with the considerable sequence/exon structure diversion from its human orthologs, prompted us to evaluate Arid3a in this context. We report that reduction of Arid3a levels in B lymphocytes results in G1/S cell cycle arrest whereas overexpression of Arid3a leads to accumulation of Cyclin E, hyperphosphorylation of pRb, increased transcriptional activity of E2F1 and transformation in vivo. Arid3a associates with pRb in chromatin to release HDAC1 from the E2F1 promoter in proliferating cells. Arid3a mutants that fail to associate with pRb neither rescue senescence nor induce proliferation. Our results identify a function for Arid3 in cell cycle progression beyond its previously established role in immunoglobulin gene transcription.
{"title":"The Arid3a Transcription Factor Rescues Natural and RAS-V12-Induced Senescence Via a Rb-Dependent Pathway","authors":"C. Schmidt, Dongkyoon Kim, S. Mathur, David Covarrubias, Chhaya Das, Mark A. Brown, J. Storsberg, Haley O. Tucker","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2017.216.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2017.216.232","url":null,"abstract":"Primary cells are protected against oncogenic events by undergoing premature cellular senescence—an irreversible cell cycle arrest activated by mitogenic signaling as well as by overexpression of tumor suppressors, including p16INK4A, p53 and PML. In the human, downregulation of Dril1/E2F-BP1, a transcriptional regulator of E2F, promotes PML-dependent premature senescence and bypass of ant-iproliferative signaling by p19Arf/p53/p21Cip1 and p16INK4a to prevent both RasV12-induced and spontaneous senescence. The mouse ortholog, Arid3A/Bright, while highly characterized in B lymphocytes for its function in immunoglobulin transcription and hematopoiesis, had yet to be assessed for a function in growth control. That, along with the considerable sequence/exon structure diversion from its human orthologs, prompted us to evaluate Arid3a in this context. We report that reduction of Arid3a levels in B lymphocytes results in G1/S cell cycle arrest whereas overexpression of Arid3a leads to accumulation of Cyclin E, hyperphosphorylation of pRb, increased transcriptional activity of E2F1 and transformation in vivo. Arid3a associates with pRb in chromatin to release HDAC1 from the E2F1 promoter in proliferating cells. Arid3a mutants that fail to associate with pRb neither rescue senescence nor induce proliferation. Our results identify a function for Arid3 in cell cycle progression beyond its previously established role in immunoglobulin gene transcription.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"216-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2017.216.232","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48738619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-10-26DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.209.215
A. M. Hasan, G. Dent
Eosinophils are the principal effector cells for allergic inflammation in a variety of diseases, in which they contribute to tissue damage and remodelling processes via the secretion of cytotoxic granular proteins and cytokines. The intracellular mechanisms that control the activation, recruitment and survival of eosinophils are fundamental in understanding these disease processes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) has been shown previously to be essential for eosinophil chemotactic responses to some stimuli but not others. Human blood neutrophils have been shown to utilize two antagonistic signalling pathways for chemotaxis: PI3K and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). In the present study, the role of p38 MAPK in chemotactic responses of an eosinophil-differentiated myeloid leukaemia cell line (EOL-1) and human peripheral blood eosinophils to a range of stimuli - platelet-activating factor (PAF), eotaxin 1 (CCL11), RANTES (CCL5), interleukin 8 (IL8, CXCL8) and IL16 - was explored through the use of the p38 MAPK α/β isoform inhibitor, SB 203580. SB 203580 caused significant inhibition of chemotactic responses of both EOL-1 cells and blood eosinophils to eotaxin 1 and RANTES (≥75% inhibition at 1 μM SB 203580, p<0.01) but had no effect on the migration induced by PAF and IL16 (<25%) and little or no effect on responses to IL8. Responses to PAF - but not eotaxin - have been shown previously to be suppressed by PI3K inhibition. The complementary pattern of inhibition observed in the present study provides evidence that distinct PI3K-dependent and p38 MAPK-dependent chemoattractants may also exist for eosinophils.
{"title":"Involvement of the α/β Isoform of p38 MAP Kinase in Chemotactic Responses of Human Eosinophils to Eotaxin (CCL11) and RANTES (CCL5)","authors":"A. M. Hasan, G. Dent","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2017.209.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2017.209.215","url":null,"abstract":"Eosinophils are the principal effector cells for allergic inflammation in a variety of diseases, in which they contribute to tissue damage and remodelling processes via the secretion of cytotoxic granular proteins and cytokines. The intracellular mechanisms that control the activation, recruitment and survival of eosinophils are fundamental in understanding these disease processes. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) has been shown previously to be essential for eosinophil chemotactic responses to some stimuli but not others. Human blood neutrophils have been shown to utilize two antagonistic signalling pathways for chemotaxis: PI3K and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). In the present study, the role of p38 MAPK in chemotactic responses of an eosinophil-differentiated myeloid leukaemia cell line (EOL-1) and human peripheral blood eosinophils to a range of stimuli - platelet-activating factor (PAF), eotaxin 1 (CCL11), RANTES (CCL5), interleukin 8 (IL8, CXCL8) and IL16 - was explored through the use of the p38 MAPK α/β isoform inhibitor, SB 203580. SB 203580 caused significant inhibition of chemotactic responses of both EOL-1 cells and blood eosinophils to eotaxin 1 and RANTES (≥75% inhibition at 1 μM SB 203580, p<0.01) but had no effect on the migration induced by PAF and IL16 (<25%) and little or no effect on responses to IL8. Responses to PAF - but not eotaxin - have been shown previously to be suppressed by PI3K inhibition. The complementary pattern of inhibition observed in the present study provides evidence that distinct PI3K-dependent and p38 MAPK-dependent chemoattractants may also exist for eosinophils.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"209-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2017.209.215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43563913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-25DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.158.164
Thomas Peter, M. Ruggiero
Corresponding Author: Marco Ruggiero Silver Spring Sagl. Via Raimondo Rossi 24, ArzoMendrisio 6864, Switzerland Email: marco.drruggiero@gmail.com Abstract: In this Meeting Report, we review proceedings and comment on talks given at the 4 th International Congress on Integrative Medicine held on April 1 and 2, 2017, in Fulda, Germany. The Theme this year was “Ketogenic Diet and Immunotherapy in Cancer and Neurological Diseases.” Speakers came from Europe and the United States and the Congress was attended by more than 100 interested parties from all over the world.
通讯作者：Marco Ruggiero Silver Spring Sagl。Via Raimondo Rossi 24，ArzoMendrisio 6864，瑞士电子邮件：marco.drruggiero@gmail.com摘要：在本会议报告中，我们回顾了2017年4月1日和2日在德国富尔达举行的第四届国际中西医结合医学大会的会议记录，并对会议发表了评论。今年的主题是“癌症和神经疾病中的生酮饮食和免疫疗法”。来自欧洲和美国的演讲人出席了大会，来自世界各地的100多个相关方出席了大会。
{"title":"Ketogenic Diet and Immunotherapy in Cancer and Neurological Diseases. 4 th International Congress on Integrative Medicine, 1, 2 April 2017, Fulda, Germany","authors":"Thomas Peter, M. Ruggiero","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2017.158.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2017.158.164","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding Author: Marco Ruggiero Silver Spring Sagl. Via Raimondo Rossi 24, ArzoMendrisio 6864, Switzerland Email: marco.drruggiero@gmail.com Abstract: In this Meeting Report, we review proceedings and comment on talks given at the 4 th International Congress on Integrative Medicine held on April 1 and 2, 2017, in Fulda, Germany. The Theme this year was “Ketogenic Diet and Immunotherapy in Cancer and Neurological Diseases.” Speakers came from Europe and the United States and the Congress was attended by more than 100 interested parties from all over the world.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"158-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2017.158.164","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41822774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-23DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.201.208
Arpa Aintablian, D. F. Jaber, M. Jallad, A. Abdelnoor
Some members of the microbiota have been shown to be effective strategies for inhibiting tumor growth through stimulation of host anti-tumor immune responses. Anti-tumor immune effects were observed when Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), a member of the gut microbiota, was used to treat colorectal cancer in mice. Moreover, constituents of bacteria, including peptidoglycan (PG), have been shown to exhibit tumoricidal effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of Lp on serum levels of angiogenic and immunostimulatory cytokines in melanoma-bearing mice in vivo; as well as the effect of PG on the growth of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells in vitro. Fifty C57BL/6 female mice were divided into two groups. Prior to tumor implantation, Lp was administered via oral gavage for 2 weeks to the experimental group. After receiving subcutaneous injections of B16F10 melanoma cells, Lp administration was continued once per week for 3 weeks to the experimental group. After the last bacterial administration, serum levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12) were determined by ELISA. Additionally, mice from both groups were monitored for survival. Moreover, B16F10 melanoma and EMT6 breast cancer cells were incubated separately with two PG concentrations for 48 h and percent viability was determined. A significant decrease in the serum levels of VEGF and a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-12 were observed in the group treated with Lp Moreover, 20% survival rate was noted in the group treated with Lp in vitro, a marked decrease in the viability of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells was observed 48 h post-incubation with PG. It appears that Lp possesses anti-tumor activity, by both stimulating the immune system and suppressing angiogenesis. Moreover, Lp appears to have a direct tumoricidal effect through PG.
{"title":"The Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum and Bacterial Peptidoglycan on the Growth of Mouse Tumors in vivo and in vitro","authors":"Arpa Aintablian, D. F. Jaber, M. Jallad, A. Abdelnoor","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2017.201.208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2017.201.208","url":null,"abstract":"Some members of the microbiota have been shown to be effective strategies for inhibiting tumor growth through stimulation of host anti-tumor immune responses. Anti-tumor immune effects were observed when Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp), a member of the gut microbiota, was used to treat colorectal cancer in mice. Moreover, constituents of bacteria, including peptidoglycan (PG), have been shown to exhibit tumoricidal effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-tumor effects of Lp on serum levels of angiogenic and immunostimulatory cytokines in melanoma-bearing mice in vivo; as well as the effect of PG on the growth of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells in vitro. Fifty C57BL/6 female mice were divided into two groups. Prior to tumor implantation, Lp was administered via oral gavage for 2 weeks to the experimental group. After receiving subcutaneous injections of B16F10 melanoma cells, Lp administration was continued once per week for 3 weeks to the experimental group. After the last bacterial administration, serum levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12) were determined by ELISA. Additionally, mice from both groups were monitored for survival. Moreover, B16F10 melanoma and EMT6 breast cancer cells were incubated separately with two PG concentrations for 48 h and percent viability was determined. A significant decrease in the serum levels of VEGF and a significant increase in the serum levels of IL-12 were observed in the group treated with Lp Moreover, 20% survival rate was noted in the group treated with Lp in vitro, a marked decrease in the viability of mouse melanoma and breast cancer cells was observed 48 h post-incubation with PG. It appears that Lp possesses anti-tumor activity, by both stimulating the immune system and suppressing angiogenesis. Moreover, Lp appears to have a direct tumoricidal effect through PG.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"201-208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2017.201.208","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47738484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-23DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.194.200
Anindya Das, C. Phukan, C. Baruah
Rheumatoid arthritis is a polyarticular and chronic inflammatory disease occurring throughout the world. To prevent significant joint damage, early diagnosis and proper treatment is of paramount importance. Though patients are diagnosed clinically supported by radiography and serological tests, early disease may present with non-specific arthritis and absence of specific radiographic findings. Though anti-CCP antibody is used for the diagnosis and may be found in early disease, recently some variability of results has been observed in some studies. In this context present study was carried out to combine anti-CCP antibody, rheumatoid factor IgM ELISA and Latex agglutination test to observe the combined specificity and sensitivity of the tests and the tests were compared with each other to examine the correlation between them.
{"title":"Combination of Serological Tests (Anti-CCP Antibody, Rheumatoid Factor IgM ELISA and Latex Test) are more Useful in Detection of Rheumatoid Arthritis","authors":"Anindya Das, C. Phukan, C. Baruah","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2017.194.200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2017.194.200","url":null,"abstract":"Rheumatoid arthritis is a polyarticular and chronic inflammatory disease occurring throughout the world. To prevent significant joint damage, early diagnosis and proper treatment is of paramount importance. Though patients are diagnosed clinically supported by radiography and serological tests, early disease may present with non-specific arthritis and absence of specific radiographic findings. Though anti-CCP antibody is used for the diagnosis and may be found in early disease, recently some variability of results has been observed in some studies. In this context present study was carried out to combine anti-CCP antibody, rheumatoid factor IgM ELISA and Latex agglutination test to observe the combined specificity and sensitivity of the tests and the tests were compared with each other to examine the correlation between them.","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"194-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2017.194.200","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48171666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-09-06DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.155.157
Shuai Xing, P. Zhou
{"title":"Focalize the Structure of Myd88 in TLR Signaling Pathway to Modulate Innate Immune Response: New Target for Old Diseases","authors":"Shuai Xing, P. Zhou","doi":"10.3844/AJISP.2017.155.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJISP.2017.155.157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":88361,"journal":{"name":"American journal of immunology","volume":"13 1","pages":"155-157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3844/AJISP.2017.155.157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42112785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-08-30DOI: 10.3844/AJISP.2017.186.193
Manar M. Ismail
Generally, studying to be a health care provider is a stressful and demanding field and the students have to face many stressors that may affect their general health status including the immune system. This work aimed at studying the effect of prolonged naturalistic life-stress exposure on the percentage of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes and Natural Killer (NK) cells in female laboratory medicine students. 52 peripheral blood samples in the last week of the final written exam (stress time point) and 27 samples after 12 weeks rest (control) were withdrawn and analyzed by flow cytometry. At the stress time point, there was a significant high T helper cells percentage with elevation of T helper/T cytotoxic ratio, P value <0.001. Also, significant low percentages of NK cells and CD56dim together with high CD56bright subpopoulations were detected, P value <0.001. Lymphocyte analysis of the subgroup that had an attach of common cold (34.6%) revealed significant reduction in the number of T cytotoxic and NK cells, P values 0.042 and 0.001 respectively. This study concluded that in humans, naturalistic chronic stress as expressed in academic exams has the potential to negatively affect the immune system, but normality is regained after sufficient stress relieve measures. Replication in larger and more diverse sample populations with inclusion of males for comparison is required, Also assessments of NK cell cytotoxicity and T helper cell subsets especially T regulatory cells are required for future studies.
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