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Like Father, like Son? the Transmission of Values, Family Practices, and Work-Family Adaptations to Sons of Work-Sharing Men 有其父必有其子?价值观的传递,家庭实践和工作家庭适应分担工作的男人的儿子
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.0803.276
Margunn Bjørnholt
Like father, like sons? : the transmission of values, family practices and work-family adaptations to sons of work-sharing men
有其父必有其子?:价值观、家庭实践和工作-家庭适应对分担工作的男人的儿子的传递
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引用次数: 11
“WITHOUT TAKING AWAY HER LEAVE”: A CANADIAN CASE STUDY OF COUPLES’ DECISIONS ON FATHERS’ USE OF PAID PARENTAL LEAVE “不剥夺她的假期”:加拿大夫妇对父亲使用带薪育儿假的决定的案例研究
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.0803.300
Lindsey McKay, A. Doucet
Over the last decade, Canadian fathers’ use of paid parental leave benefits rose dramatically. Yet very little is known about when and why these fathers take leave, and how couples negotiate who takes leave, when, and for how long. This article reports on a qualitative study in households where fathers took leave, carried out in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, which are governed by two distinct policy regimes. Drawing on interviews with 26 couples, we develop three arguments about what facilitates or hinders Canadian fathers’ take-up of parental leave. First, fathers defer to mothers’ preference in making leave decisions; moreover, breastfeeding plays a role in prioritizing mothers’ care. Second, these decisions are shaped by ideological and social norms in workplaces and communities. Third, public policy plays a role: longer duration of paid parental leave, non-transferable paternity leave, and some mothers’ ineligibility for paid parental leave affect fathers’ take-up of leave.
在过去十年中,加拿大父亲使用带薪育儿假福利的人数急剧增加。然而,关于这些父亲何时、为何休假,以及夫妻如何协商谁休假、何时休假、休假多长时间,我们知之甚少。本文报告了在安大略省和魁北克省对父亲休假的家庭进行的定性研究,这两个省由两种不同的政策制度管辖。根据对26对夫妇的采访,我们提出了三个论点,即是什么促进或阻碍了加拿大父亲休育儿假。首先,父亲在决定休假时服从母亲的偏好;此外,母乳喂养在优先照顾母亲方面发挥着作用。其次,这些决定受到工作场所和社区的意识形态和社会规范的影响。第三,公共政策发挥了作用:带薪育儿假持续时间较长,陪产假不可转移,以及一些母亲没有资格享受带薪育儿假影响了父亲的休假。
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引用次数: 127
New Observations on How Fathers Work and Care: Introduction to the Special Issue-Men, Work and Parenting-Part 1 关于父亲如何工作和照顾孩子的新观察:特刊导论——男人、工作和养育——第一部分
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.0803.271
L. Haas, M. O'Brien
This special issue highlights an area that is getting increased research attention-men, work and parenting. Once mothers entered the labor market in record numbers in industrialized societies in the 1960s, a substantial number of scholars began to study mothers' labor force participation--a phenomenon widely considered to be one of the most significant social developments of the 20th century. Important research topics have included work-family conflict, workplace and government policies that support working mothers, the division of labor for housework and child care among dual-earner couples, and the motherhood wage penalty. This research has been pioneering because it has dared to examine the linkages between two primary social institutions--the family and the labor market--that have usually been studied as separate rather than interlinked social systems. To a large extent, however, our knowledge about mothers' employment, its determinants and consequences, has stalled. This is because men's relationship to work and family life has been much less investigated. A basic tenet of gender theory is that gender is relational; that is, social definitions of femininity and masculinity are so intertwined that one cannot change much without the other changing at the same time. We therefore cannot really understand or improve the position of women in the family and in the labor market unless men's relation to work and family life is also well-researched and understood. The papers in this special issue contribute to that important goal. The papers in this special issue contribute to our understanding of men, work and parenting in several specific ways. First, the papers in this issue draw our attention to the contributions research can make when researchers analyze men, work and parenting in different social settings. Four nations get coverage in these papers--Canada, Norway, the UK, and the U.S. These nations vary considerably in how much they support working fathers. For example, Norway and Canada offer the most paid parental leave to fathers, while the UK offers little and the U.S. offers none at all. Kaufman and colleagues directly compare fathers' experience with taking leave at childbirth in the UK, where men have a modest statutory right to paternity leave, with men's experiences in the U.S., where men have no such right. Research makes a major contribution when it aims to be comparative; we learn substantially more about a particular social setting when we can compare and contrast it to another. The second contribution to scholarship that these papers make relates to methodology. While many areas of social science are dominated by one type of methodology, the new research stream on fatherhood tends to provide us with information that has been collected in various ways, and this is true for the papers in this issue. Four of the six studies rely upon analysis of in-depth interviews, a qualitative method that offers us rich description. McKay and Douce
这期特刊突出了一个越来越受到研究关注的领域——男性、工作和养育子女。20世纪60年代,工业化社会中母亲进入劳动力市场的人数创下了历史记录,此后,大量学者开始研究母亲的劳动力参与情况——这一现象被广泛认为是20世纪最重要的社会发展之一。重要的研究课题包括工作-家庭冲突、支持职业母亲的工作场所和政府政策、双职工家庭之间家务劳动和照顾孩子的分工以及母亲的工资惩罚。这项研究具有开创性,因为它敢于研究两个主要社会机构——家庭和劳动力市场——之间的联系,这两个社会机构通常被视为独立的,而不是相互联系的社会系统。然而,在很大程度上,我们对母亲就业及其决定因素和后果的认识停滞不前。这是因为人们对男性与工作和家庭生活的关系的调查要少得多。性别理论的一个基本原则是性别是关系的;也就是说,社会对女性气质和男性气质的定义是如此纠缠在一起,以至于如果一个人不同时改变另一个人,另一个人就不会改变太多。因此,我们不能真正理解或改善妇女在家庭和劳动力市场中的地位,除非对男子与工作和家庭生活的关系也进行充分的研究和了解。本期特刊中的论文有助于实现这一重要目标。本期特刊中的论文从几个具体方面帮助我们理解了男人、工作和养育子女。首先,本期的论文让我们注意到,当研究人员分析不同社会背景下的男性、工作和养育子女时,研究可以做出的贡献。这些报纸报道了四个国家——加拿大、挪威、英国和美国。这些国家对在职父亲的支持程度差异很大。例如,挪威和加拿大为父亲提供的带薪育儿假最多,而英国几乎没有,美国根本没有。考夫曼和他的同事们直接比较了英国父亲在生孩子时休陪产假的经历和美国父亲的经历,在英国,男性有适度的法定权利享受陪产假,而在美国,男性没有这种权利。当研究的目的是比较时,它做出了重大贡献;当我们可以将一个特定的社会环境与另一个社会环境进行比较和对比时,我们会对它有更多的了解。这些论文对学术的第二个贡献与方法论有关。虽然社会科学的许多领域都被一种方法所主导,但关于父亲身份的新研究流倾向于为我们提供以各种方式收集的信息,本期的论文也是如此。六项研究中有四项依赖于深度访谈分析,这是一种为我们提供丰富描述的定性方法。麦凯和杜塞特对夫妇进行了联合访谈,而不仅仅是对父亲进行访谈,以便更仔细地研究夫妇如何协商父亲应该休多少产假。考夫曼和他的同事向我们描述了没有法定产假权利的男性是如何从工作中抽出短暂但有意义的时间来陪伴他们的新生儿的。其中两项定性研究也是纵向的,这种方法对男性在工作和为人父母之间的和解过程提供了独特的见解。米勒对英国父亲的研究分析了男性在分娩前后对父亲身份的适应。她发现,产后在家的时间有助于男性获得重要的照顾技能,但由于英国的陪产假太短(两周),男性被迫迅速返回带薪工作,这加强了性别家庭惯例。比约恩霍尔特的论文分析了一项独特的后续研究的结果,该研究是对上世纪70年代与母亲共同抚养孩子的挪威父亲进行的。…
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引用次数: 25
“IT’S A TRIANGLE THAT’S DIFFICULT TO SQUARE”: MEN’S INTENTIONS AND PRACTICES AROUND CARING, WORK AND FIRST-TIME FATHERHOOD “这是一个很难解决的三角形”:男性在照顾孩子、工作和第一次当父亲方面的意图和做法
Pub Date : 2010-09-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.0803.362
T. Miller
This paper reports the findings of a small scale, UK based, qualitative longitudinal study on men’s experiences of transition to first-time fatherhood. The study commenced in 2005, two years after paid paternity leave was introduced in the UK and explores how men’s intentions around fathering involvement are imagined and shaped in prenatal interviews. Subsequent interviews following the birth explore how prenatal intentions are actually practiced. The introduction of paternity leave in the UK heralds the possibility of father involvement in more than just instrumental ways and these are realised through caring involvement across the men’s accounts. But the statutory two weeks of paternity leave is soon over and a return to paid work signals a “domino-effect” of gendered practises to unfold as the uneasy relationship between paid work and family life is negotiated. The findings illuminate men’s capacities to care in circumstances that can mitigate against their longer term—and more equal—involvement.
这篇论文报告了一项小规模的,基于英国的,关于男性过渡到第一次做父亲的经历的定性纵向研究的结果。这项研究开始于2005年,也就是英国引入带薪陪产假的两年后。该研究探讨了在产前访谈中,男性参与父亲角色的意图是如何被想象和塑造的。分娩后的后续访谈探讨了产前意图实际上是如何实践的。在英国引入陪产假预示着父亲参与的可能性不仅仅是工具性的方式,这些都是通过男性账户的关心参与来实现的。但法定的两周陪产假很快就结束了,随着带薪工作和家庭生活之间的不安关系得到协商,带薪工作的回归标志着性别实践的“多米诺骨牌效应”即将展开。研究结果阐明了男性在某些情况下的照顾能力,这些情况可能会减轻他们长期的、更平等的参与。
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引用次数: 64
SUBSEQUENT FERTILITY AMONG URBAN FATHERS: THE INFLUENCE OF RELATIONSHIP CONTEXT 都市父亲的后续生育:关系背景的影响
Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.1802.244
Mindy E. Scott, Jacinta Bronte-Tinkew, Cassandra Logan, K. Franzetta, J. Manlove, N. R. Steward
Using a longitudinal sample of 2,417 fathers from the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study, we examine interactive and structural dimensions of men’s relationships associated with their decision to father a subsequent birth (with the same partner or a different partner). Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicate that fathers reporting higher relationship satisfaction had greater odds of a subsequent birth with the same partner compared with no birth or a birth with a different partner. Fathers reporting lower conflict also had greater odds of a subsequent birth with the same partner versus no birth. Unmarried men and men in unstable relationships had increased odds of a subsequent birth with a different partner versus the same partner, whereas men in more stable relationships had higher odds of a birth with the same partner. Findings suggest that men’s relationships influence their subsequent fertility.
利用来自脆弱家庭和儿童幸福研究的2417名父亲的纵向样本,我们研究了男性关系的互动和结构维度,这些维度与他们决定生育孩子(与同一伴侣或不同伴侣)有关。多项逻辑回归分析表明,报告关系满意度较高的父亲与未生育或与不同伴侣生育的父亲相比,与同一伴侣生育的可能性更大。报告冲突较少的父亲与没有孩子的父亲相比,与同一伴侣生育孩子的几率也更大。未婚男性和关系不稳定的男性与同一伴侣生育不同伴侣的几率高于与同一伴侣生育的几率,而关系更稳定的男性与同一伴侣生育的几率更高。研究结果表明,男性的人际关系会影响他们随后的生育能力。
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引用次数: 4
DIVORCING PARENTING FROM CHILD SUPPORT: JUSTICE AND CARE IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SHARED CUSTODY 养育子女与抚养子女的分离:共同监护权权利与责任话语中的正义与关怀
Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.1802.147
Denise L. Whitehead
The care of children after divorce is increasingly invoking a stance of equality between parents such that there is an increasing emphasis to mandate shared custody. The moral stance of viewing care as “time with” the child and justice as “money” paid has been dominant. Seizing on moral theory and the concepts of justice and care, this paper argues that a 2005 Supreme Court of Canada decision awarding substantial child support in the context of shared custody effectively bridges the concepts of justice (child support) and care (time) in way that puts the child’s best interests at the forefront.
离婚后对孩子的照顾越来越多地援引父母之间平等的立场,因此越来越强调强制共同监护。将照顾视为与孩子在一起的“时间”,将正义视为支付的“金钱”的道德立场一直占据主导地位。利用道德理论和正义与关怀的概念,本文认为,2005年加拿大最高法院的一项判决在共同监护的背景下给予大量儿童抚养费,有效地将正义(儿童抚养费)和关怀(时间)的概念联系起来,将儿童的最大利益放在首位。
{"title":"DIVORCING PARENTING FROM CHILD SUPPORT: JUSTICE AND CARE IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF SHARED CUSTODY","authors":"Denise L. Whitehead","doi":"10.3149/FTH.1802.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3149/FTH.1802.147","url":null,"abstract":"The care of children after divorce is increasingly invoking a stance of equality between parents such that there is an increasing emphasis to mandate shared custody. The moral stance of viewing care as “time with” the child and justice as “money” paid has been dominant. Seizing on moral theory and the concepts of justice and care, this paper argues that a 2005 Supreme Court of Canada decision awarding substantial child support in the context of shared custody effectively bridges the concepts of justice (child support) and care (time) in way that puts the child’s best interests at the forefront.","PeriodicalId":88482,"journal":{"name":"Fathering","volume":"8 1","pages":"147-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3149/FTH.1802.147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69848047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
DISENTANGLING FATHERING AND MOTHERING: THE ROLE OF YOUTH PERSONALITY 拆解父权与母权:青年人格的角色
Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.1802.163
Heidi E. Stolz, J. Olsen, B. Barber, Lisa M Clifford
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the possibility that mothers’ and fathers’ support are differentially moderated by personality-informed latent classes in predicting youth social initiative, therefore making contingent the previously detected pattern of fathers’ support being more impactful than mothers’ support with regard to this outcome. To test this, we conducted mixture model regression analyses (separately for boys and girls). Guided by prior research, we used the youth personality scales activity, openness, and fearlessness, along with mothers’ and fathers’ support, to index the latent class assignments from the mixture model. Results for both boys and girls suggested three classes of youth—apprehensive, easy-going, and spontaneous—that moderate the relationship between mothers’ and/or fathers’ support with social initiative.
本研究的目的是评估母亲和父亲的支持在预测青少年社会主动性方面是否受到人格通知潜在阶层的差异调节,从而使先前发现的父亲的支持比母亲的支持对这一结果的影响更大的模式成为可能。为了验证这一点,我们进行了混合模型回归分析(分别针对男孩和女孩)。在前人研究的指导下,我们使用青年人格量表“活跃”、“开放”和“无畏”,以及母亲和父亲的支持来索引混合模型的潜在类别分配。男孩和女孩的结果都显示出三个类别的青少年-忧虑型,随和型和自发型-调节了母亲和/或父亲的支持与社会主动性之间的关系。
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引用次数: 7
ESTONIAN COUPLES’ RATIONALIZATIONS FOR FATHERS’ REJECTION OF PARENTAL LEAVE 爱沙尼亚夫妇对父亲拒绝休育儿假的合理化解释
Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.1802.226
Marion Pajumets
Taking care of babies has long been considered the woman’s job par excellence, with its equivalent for men being breadwinning outside the home. Today many countries, among them Estonia, encourage parents to reject a rigidly gendered division of labor. Most of the material and legal impediments to fathers’ opting for a nurturing role as a lifestyle choice have been abolished. But despite the recent availability of parental leave to fathers, Estonian parents’ division of labor remains rather conservative. Based on 18 semi-structured interviews with couples, the analysis focuses on couples’ private discoursive strategies that reflect and enforce conservative cultural values, interfering with the nurturing father revolution.
长期以来,照顾孩子一直被认为是女性最擅长的工作,而男性则需要在外养家糊口。今天,包括爱沙尼亚在内的许多国家鼓励父母拒绝严格的性别分工。父亲选择抚养孩子作为生活方式的大多数物质和法律障碍已经消除。但是,尽管最近给父亲提供了育儿假,爱沙尼亚父母的劳动分工仍然相当保守。基于对18对夫妇的半结构化访谈,该分析侧重于夫妇的私人话语策略,这些策略反映和执行保守的文化价值观,干扰了养育父亲的革命。
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引用次数: 15
UNDERSTANDING POSITIVE FATHER-CHILD INTERACTION: CHILDREN’S, FATHERS’, AND MOTHERS’ CONTRIBUTIONS 理解积极的亲子互动:孩子、父亲和母亲的贡献
Pub Date : 2010-04-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.1802.203
E. Holmes, A. Huston
Guided by a systemic ecological framework for father involvement, we investigate children’s, mothers’, and fathers’ contributions to observed father-child interaction. Analyses of 586 married resident fathers, their wives, and a target first-grade child (participants in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care) demonstrate that an additive model of father involvement accounts for the quality of father-child interaction better than a model which focuses on only one component of the system. Father parenting beliefs, child language skills, child social skills, maternal employment, and dyadic mother-child interaction quality each additively and significantly contribute to positive father-child interaction. Father average income and education levels relate to dyadic interaction, but individual and family characteristics account for their effects. Moderational analyses resulted in a significant interaction between father parenting beliefs and child social skills, providing preliminary support for the systemic ecological assumption that father-child interaction is better understood in a model that is not only additive but also interactive.
在父亲参与的系统生态框架的指导下,我们调查了儿童、母亲和父亲对观察到的父子互动的贡献。对586名已婚父亲、他们的妻子和目标一年级儿童(NICHD早期儿童保育研究的参与者)的分析表明,父亲参与的附加模型比只关注系统的一个组成部分的模型更能说明父子互动的质量。父亲教养信念、儿童语言技能、儿童社交技能、母亲就业和双元亲子互动质量各加性显著地促进了积极的亲子互动。父亲的平均收入和教育水平与二元互动有关,但个人和家庭特征解释了它们的影响。适度分析结果显示,父亲养育子女的信念与孩子的社交技能之间存在显著的相互作用,这为系统生态学假设提供了初步支持,即父子互动在一个不仅是相加的,而且是互动的模型中得到更好的理解。
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引用次数: 77
ACCULTURATION AND FATHER ENGAGEMENT WITH INFANTS AMONG CHINESEAND MEXICAN-ORIGIN IMMIGRANT FATHERS 中国和墨西哥裔移民父亲对婴儿的文化适应和父亲参与
Pub Date : 2010-01-01 DOI: 10.3149/FTH.0801.61
Randy Capps, Jacinta Bronte-Tinkew, A. Horowitz
Using a sample of resident fathers (i.e., fathers who co-reside with children) in the 9-month Early Childhood Longitudinal Study—Birth Cohort (ECLSB), this study examined how acculturation is associated with father engagement with infants for Chinese and Mexican immigrant fathers. When a variety of individual and demographic characteristics were controlled for, results from Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models indicate that U.S. citizenship is negatively associated with warmth for Chinese fathers and that English language use is positively associated with physical care and nurturing activities for Mexican fathers. Findings suggest that some dimensions of acculturation shape parenting across different groups and are a predictor of resident men’s involvement with their young children.
本研究在为期9个月的早期儿童纵向研究-出生队列(ECLSB)中使用了一个常住父亲(即与孩子共同居住的父亲)的样本,研究了中国和墨西哥移民父亲的文化适应与父亲与婴儿的互动之间的关系。当控制了各种个人和人口统计学特征后,普通最小二乘(OLS)模型的结果表明,美国公民身份与中国父亲的温暖程度呈负相关,而英语语言使用与墨西哥父亲的身体照顾和养育活动呈正相关。研究结果表明,文化适应的某些维度塑造了不同群体的育儿方式,并预测了常住男性与年幼子女的关系。
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引用次数: 40
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Fathering
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