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Ethnicity and religion in the Muslim community of Buenaventura 布埃纳文图拉穆斯林社区的种族和宗教
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-37.ERCM
Diego Castellanos
El presente articulo busca presentar y analizar algunos temas referentes a la relacion entre identidad etnica e identidad religiosa en el caso de la comunidad musulmana de Buenaventura. se pretende mostrar que la identidad religiosa no solo se ha construido en relacion con la identidad etnica, sino que ambas han servido para generar estrategias de movilizacion. Para esto, sobre la base de narrativas y actos propios del islam chiita duodecimano, se han mantenido elementos propios de la nacion del islam a la par que se reelaboran mitos y tradiciones con el fin de adecuarlos a la vision local bonaverense. Este tipo de acciones no solo se refieren a busquedas espirituales y la identidad colectiva, sino que permiten la elaboracion de agendas de accion dentro de la comunidad. La informacion usada en este texto proviene de dos trabajos de campo realizados en febrero y abril de 2011, y de sermones (jutbas) realizados por el lider de la comunidad.
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引用次数: 1
The Western notion of prostitution in Africa 西方对非洲卖淫的看法
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-37.COPA
Diana Triviño
The word prostitution does not only refer to the exchange of sex for money or goods, but mainly, to a kind of human behavior which has been defined and stigmatized as a social deviance because of the sexual practices related to it. This understanding of prostitution arises through specific historical processes in the Western world, specially in the dialectical construction of a "legitimate" and an "illegitimate" sexuality. In this conception, marriage and dating relationships are the only situations in which sex is permitted. The validity of this understanding of prostitution continues nowadays and, despite its Western origins, it has marked the interpretations of prostitution in non-Western contexts. How was this understanding of prostitution built in the West? What images and reviews about prostitution or prostitutes were legitimized through this understanding to date? Which has been the influence of this understanding of prostitution on the interpretation of exchange of sex for money or goods in non-Western contexts, such as in Africa? These are the questions that will be addressed herein.
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引用次数: 0
The press in Buenos Aires in the face of "the suicide of Europe." The outbreak of the Great War as a civilizing crisis and the resurgence of a national identity issue 布宜诺斯艾利斯的新闻界面对“欧洲的自杀”。第一次世界大战的爆发作为一场文明危机和民族认同问题的复苏
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-37.LPBA
E. Sánchez
Este articulo analizara, a la luz de un conjunto de publicaciones periodicas de Buenos Aires, la emergencia de una serie de reflexiones y representaciones sobre el papel de Argentina frente a los inicios de la Gran Guerra. Junto a los diferentes alineamientos, basados en la empatia con algunos de los paises contendientes, durante los meses iniciales del conflicto emergera paralelamente y en tension, aunque de forma menos taxativa, una progresiva toma de distancia respecto al magisterio europeo y un afianzamiento de la identidad nacional. De este modo, el desconcierto producido por el estallido de la guerra en Europa desata una serie de reflexiones acerca del lugar que ocupa Argentina en el mundo y origina un progresivo reajuste en los proyectos de construccion de la identidad nacional que tomaban como modelos civilizatorios a algunos de los paises que ahora se hallaban involucrados en una contienda belica de grandes dimensiones.
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引用次数: 4
Social representations of African descent: the cultural adventure, the sexual and gender violence and the multidimensional struggles 非洲人后裔的社会表现:文化冒险、性暴力和性别暴力以及多方面的斗争
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-37.RSSA
M. Copete, Yeison Arcadio
Las mujeres y hombres de ascendencia africana se representan socialmente como «objetos de aventura cultural». Existe una marca instrumentalizadora de la violencia del genero-sexo agudizada por la racializacion del cuerpo, la cual representa, cosifica y «enclaustra» las mujeres afrodescendientes en las categorias de «cuerpos calientes», «verracas», «fuertes»: cuerpos encadenados. Dado que las representaciones sociales preforman los comportamientos humanos y las practicas sociales, los discursos e imaginarios sobre hombres y mujeres afrodescendientes genera la «desechabilizacion» de las relaciones que ellos y ellas establecen con personas mestizas y otros grupos humanos, incluso con sus co-etnicos. De igual modo, las hace mas propensas a la violencia sexual. En el caso de los hombres, hay una continuidad del discurso de «macho viril» que «desechabiliza», «objetiviza» y a su vez preforma una construccion de la masculinidad, la sexualidad, la identidad sexual y la relacion con otras sexualidades. Este tipo de representaciones lleva a los hombres y mujeres por caminos del alejamiento del ser afectuoso y cercano en el marco de su mismo sexo, en las relaciones de pareja, sociales y familiares.
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引用次数: 1
Reconocimiento étnico, derecho a la habitación y los impasses de la custodia del patrimonio afrodescendiente en Río de Janeiro 里约热内卢的种族承认、住房权利和非洲裔遗产监护的僵局·全球之声
Pub Date : 2014-12-01 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-37.REDH
R. Cáceres, Luz Stella
Las demandas de los quilombos por demarcacion territorial, en contextos urbanos, revelan las paradojas que emanan de una politica de reconocimiento que separa a los actores de la diferencia etnica de otros habitantes que no se adhieren a estas identidades para validar sus derechos ciudadanos. El quilombo de Pedra do sal en Rio de Janeiro nos permite analizar el marco culturalista asumido por las politicas de reconocimiento que llevaron a que el patrimonio, la memoria y la historia local se convirtieran en los legitimadores de la busqueda por derechos ciudadanos en un lugar que pasa por grandes transformaciones urbanas. En medio de las intervenciones de renovacion que propone el proyecto Porto Maravilha tambien florecen los discursos y las practicas patrimonialistas. La efectividad de los patrimonios en la produccion de simbolos colectivos y la oficializacion de estos plantea como inquietud el papel que la salvaguarda de la memoria negra puede jugar como imagen en la promocion y divulgacion del proceso de revitalizacion de la region portuaria.
在城市环境中,“歌伦波”对领土划分的要求揭示了一种承认政策所产生的悖论,这种承认政策将种族差异的行动者与不坚持这些身份以确认其公民权利的其他居民区分开来。公愤的白do盐在里约热内卢使我们能够分析框架culturalista担任侦察的政策导致地方记忆和历史遗产成为搜索的legitimadores为了公民的权利在一个地方城市发生大变革。在波尔图马拉维拉项目提出的翻新干预中,世袭主义的话语和实践也蓬勃发展。遗产在集体符号的产生和这些符号的官方化方面的有效性,引起了人们对保护黑人记忆作为形象在促进和传播港口地区振兴进程中所起作用的关注。
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引用次数: 0
Cuba: el Diario de La Marina, los «misioneros de Mussolini» y la intelectualidad cubana proitaliana durante el segundo conflicto ítalo-abisinio (1935-1936) 古巴:海军日记、墨索里尼的传教士和第二次意大利-阿比西尼亚冲突(1935-1936)期间的古巴亲意大利知识分子
Pub Date : 2014-07-09 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-36.CDLM
Alberto Consuegra Sanfiel
The Second Italo-Abyssinian conflict (1935-1936) triggered a strong social polarization worldwide. Inside and outside Africa, Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) found many expressions of support in defense of its freedom and displays of respect as a member state of the League of Nations since 1923, while in many places voices in favor of fascism supported armed aggression. This article is an outline of the main criteria used by a small group of Havanan Cuban intellectuals committed to the pro-fascist Italian emigration as it turned out to be the closest example -although not the most representative one- of the support Mussolini had in some American nations.
第二次意大利-阿比西尼亚冲突(1935-1936)引发了世界范围内强烈的社会两极分化。在非洲内外,阿比西尼亚(现在的埃塞俄比亚)在捍卫其自由方面得到了许多支持,并表现出自1923年以来作为国际联盟成员国的尊重,而在许多地方,赞成法西斯主义的声音支持武装侵略。这篇文章概述了一小群哈瓦那古巴知识分子所使用的主要标准,这些知识分子致力于支持法西斯的意大利移民,因为这是墨索里尼在一些美国国家获得支持的最接近的例子,尽管不是最具代表性的例子。
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引用次数: 0
Reseña: Delito y responsabilidad política 回顾:犯罪与政治责任
Pub Date : 2014-07-09 DOI: 10.11144/Javeriana.MYS18-36.dyrp
Abel López
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引用次数: 0
Monedas de antiguo y nuevo cuño: Envilecimiento y reacuñación en el Nuevo Reino de Granada en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII 新旧硬币:18世纪下半叶格拉纳达新王国的衰落和重新铸造
Pub Date : 2014-07-09 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-36.MANC
T. Moreno, James Vladimir
The second half of the eighteenth century was a period of major transformations in the colonial economies.The monetary system was not an exception. This paper contributes to the analysis of such variations, examining two aspects of the monetary policy of the Bourbons: the debasement and the recoinage. For this, the currency amounts that agents took to the Nueva Granada mints to be reminted were reconstructed and the incentives that the Crown provided for that operation were analyzed. The results show that both measures altered the composition but not the size of the money supply. Thus, although the new coinage reduced transaction costs, the debasement prevented the currency in circulation to get unified. It was also found that the circulation of silver coins was important despite of the fact that the viceroyalty was a gold-producing economy. Finally, it is argued that both measures affected in different ways the behavior of variables such as inflation, low-denomination coins and the Gresham's law.
十八世纪下半叶是殖民地经济发生重大变革的时期。货币体系也不例外。本文对这些变化进行了分析,考察了波旁王朝货币政策的两个方面:贬值和恢复。为此,重新计算了特工带到新格拉纳达造币厂进行重新铸造的货币数额,并分析了政府为这一行动提供的奖励。结果表明,这两种措施都改变了货币供应量的构成,但没有改变货币供应量的规模。因此,虽然新铸币降低了交易成本,但货币贬值阻碍了流通中的货币统一。人们还发现,尽管总督辖区是一个生产黄金的经济体,但银币的流通很重要。最后,本文认为,这两种措施以不同的方式影响变量的行为,如通货膨胀、低面额硬币和格雷沙姆定律。
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引用次数: 7
Problemática de higiene y hacinamiento en Bogotá a finales del siglo XIX e inicios del siglo XX y primer barrio para obreros 19世纪末20世纪初bogota的卫生和拥挤问题以及第一个工人社区
Pub Date : 2014-07-09 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-36.PHHB
Rodríguez Leuro, A. Isabel
The investigation follows the path that led the city to widen its limits to the east, outside its perimeter. It addresses the problem of inadequate sewer construction, shortage of rooms for workers, the increase in population, the hygiene crisis and the emergence of squatter settlements. In 1919, after the Spanish flu epidemic, the Junta de Habitacion para Obreros was created and it was responsible of building a neighborhood with the municipality money. Choosing the right place for its construction was discussed during that period by the Medical Society, the Association of Engineers and the Council of Bogota in order to reduce overcrowding and improve conditions of hygiene and sanitation in the most vulnerable population of the city. Finally, on May 1st, 1923, it was performed the opening of the Barrio Obrero Primero de Mayo (Worker Neighborhood May 1st).
调查沿着将城市的边界向东扩展到外围的道路展开。它解决了下水道建设不足、工人住房短缺、人口增加、卫生危机和棚户区出现等问题。1919年,西班牙流感爆发后,成立了“奥布雷洛斯居住委员会”,它负责用市政府的钱建设一个社区。在此期间,医学学会、工程师协会和波哥大理事会讨论了选择合适的地点进行建设的问题,以减少过度拥挤,改善该市最脆弱人口的卫生和环境卫生条件。最后,在1923年5月1日,它在五月一日工人社区(Barrio Obrero Primero de Mayo)的开幕仪式上演出。
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引用次数: 2
La pintura de la Sagrada Familia. Un manual de relaciones familiares en el mundo de la Santafé del siglo XVII 神圣家庭的画。17世纪圣塔菲世界的家庭关系手册
Pub Date : 2014-07-09 DOI: 10.11144/JAVERIANA.MYS18-36.PSFM
Juan Pablo Cruz Medina
This article is aimed at evaluating the discourse in paintings of the Holy Family made in the seventeenth-century Santa Fe. From the analysis of this set of images it is demonstrated the use of painting by the Catholic Church as a tool to configure an articulated society from families ruled by principles such as piety, chastity and mortification. The analysis is directly related to the problem of building a colonial subject whose physicality is modeled after the images of Christ, the Virgin or the saints.
本文旨在评价17世纪圣达菲圣家族绘画中的话语。从对这组图像的分析中可以看出,天主教会将绘画作为一种工具来配置一个由虔诚、贞洁和禁欲等原则统治的家庭所组成的清晰的社会。这一分析直接关系到建立一个以基督、圣母或圣徒形象为模型的殖民主体的问题。
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引用次数: 1
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Memoria y sociedad : revista del Departamento de Historia y Geografia
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