Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1981747
M. Lyvers, Taylor Sweetnam, F. A. Thorberg
ABSTRACT Objective Exercise dependence refers to excessive exercise accompanied by addiction-like symptoms such as craving, tolerance, withdrawal, impaired control, and disruption of life domains. The present study investigated whether personality traits linked to substance and behavioural addictions show similar associations with symptoms of exercise dependence. Method Alexithymia and two forms of impulsivity, rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity, were assessed in relation to exercise dependence symptoms in a sample of 99 physically active young adult men and women. Results All three traits showed significant positive correlations with exercise dependence symptoms and were significant predictors of such symptoms in a hierarchical regression model. Alexithymia was the strongest predictor and fully mediated the contribution of rash impulsiveness according to bootstrapped mediation analysis. Conclusions Findings suggest similar associations of addiction-linked traits with symptoms of exercise dependence and are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Exercise can become compulsive for some, with exercise dependence defined by addiction-like symptoms. (2) Alexithymia has been implicated as a risk factor for substance and behavioural addictions. (3) Two forms of impulsivity, rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity, have been implicated as risk factors for substance and behavioural addictions. What this topic adds: (1) In physically active young adults, alexithymia was positively associated with symptoms of exercise dependence. (2) In physically active young adults, rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity were positively associated with symptoms of exercise dependence. (3) Alexithymia fully explained the association of rash impulsiveness with exercise dependence symptoms.
{"title":"Alexithymia, rash impulsiveness, and reward sensitivity in relation to symptoms of exercise dependence in physically active young adults","authors":"M. Lyvers, Taylor Sweetnam, F. A. Thorberg","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1981747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1981747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Exercise dependence refers to excessive exercise accompanied by addiction-like symptoms such as craving, tolerance, withdrawal, impaired control, and disruption of life domains. The present study investigated whether personality traits linked to substance and behavioural addictions show similar associations with symptoms of exercise dependence. Method Alexithymia and two forms of impulsivity, rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity, were assessed in relation to exercise dependence symptoms in a sample of 99 physically active young adult men and women. Results All three traits showed significant positive correlations with exercise dependence symptoms and were significant predictors of such symptoms in a hierarchical regression model. Alexithymia was the strongest predictor and fully mediated the contribution of rash impulsiveness according to bootstrapped mediation analysis. Conclusions Findings suggest similar associations of addiction-linked traits with symptoms of exercise dependence and are discussed in terms of potential mechanisms. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Exercise can become compulsive for some, with exercise dependence defined by addiction-like symptoms. (2) Alexithymia has been implicated as a risk factor for substance and behavioural addictions. (3) Two forms of impulsivity, rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity, have been implicated as risk factors for substance and behavioural addictions. What this topic adds: (1) In physically active young adults, alexithymia was positively associated with symptoms of exercise dependence. (2) In physically active young adults, rash impulsiveness and reward sensitivity were positively associated with symptoms of exercise dependence. (3) Alexithymia fully explained the association of rash impulsiveness with exercise dependence symptoms.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45755830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.2002126
S. Hearps, Simone J Darling, C. Catroppa, Jonathan M. Payne, F. Haritou, M. Beauchamp, Frank Muscara, V. Anderson
ABSTRACT Background To assess social skills, professionals require a tool that is grounded in science, age-appropriate and sensitive to deviations from normal expectations. The Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships and Socialisation Questionnaire (PEERS-Q) was developed to address this gap. This study aimed to detail the psychometric properties of PEERS-Q. Method 571 parents of children aged 5-15 years completed questionnaires about their child’s social competence (PEERS-Q, Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)). Children completed a measure of estimated IQ. Confirmatory factor analysis explored reliability and validity of PEERS-Q. Age- and sex-adjusted T-scores were derived and relationships between these and validation instruments were explored. Results Six subscales were derived; Relationships, Participation, Social Rules, Social Communication, Social Cognition and Behaviour. PEERS-Q has good to very good internal consistency (α = 0.89, subscales 0.78-0.95); good convergent validity with the SSIS and the SDQ (r = 0.76, subscales 0.47 to 0.59), and good discriminant validity using Matrix Reasoning (r = – 0.11, subscales – 0.08 to – 0.11). Conclusions PEERS-Q is a useful tool for measuring domains of social competence in children/adolescents. PEERS-Q may improve a clinician’s ability to identify a young person’s social difficulties and hence guide intervention. Further research in clinical populations is required to determine these benefits. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) There is currently a lack of robust and developmentally appropriate social skills assessment tools for children and adolescents. (2) Exisiting measures either fail to assess the complexity of social function, or are included as smaller sub-scales of broader outcome measures. (3) Without valid and reliable measures that target the specific subdomains of social skills, interventions cannot be targeted to specific social skills strengths and weaknesses. What this topic adds: (1) The PEERS-Q is a new tool for measuring social skills in children, grounded in developmental neuroscience. (2) PEERS-Q is a valid and reliable measure. (3) PEERS-Q may improve a clinician’s ability to identify a young person’s social difficulties and tailor the type of intervention required.
{"title":"The Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships, and Socialisation Questionnaire (PEERS-Q): development and validation of a parent-report questionnaire of social skills for children","authors":"S. Hearps, Simone J Darling, C. Catroppa, Jonathan M. Payne, F. Haritou, M. Beauchamp, Frank Muscara, V. Anderson","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.2002126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.2002126","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Background To assess social skills, professionals require a tool that is grounded in science, age-appropriate and sensitive to deviations from normal expectations. The Paediatric Evaluation of Emotions, Relationships and Socialisation Questionnaire (PEERS-Q) was developed to address this gap. This study aimed to detail the psychometric properties of PEERS-Q. Method 571 parents of children aged 5-15 years completed questionnaires about their child’s social competence (PEERS-Q, Social Skills Improvement System (SSIS), Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)). Children completed a measure of estimated IQ. Confirmatory factor analysis explored reliability and validity of PEERS-Q. Age- and sex-adjusted T-scores were derived and relationships between these and validation instruments were explored. Results Six subscales were derived; Relationships, Participation, Social Rules, Social Communication, Social Cognition and Behaviour. PEERS-Q has good to very good internal consistency (α = 0.89, subscales 0.78-0.95); good convergent validity with the SSIS and the SDQ (r = 0.76, subscales 0.47 to 0.59), and good discriminant validity using Matrix Reasoning (r = – 0.11, subscales – 0.08 to – 0.11). Conclusions PEERS-Q is a useful tool for measuring domains of social competence in children/adolescents. PEERS-Q may improve a clinician’s ability to identify a young person’s social difficulties and hence guide intervention. Further research in clinical populations is required to determine these benefits. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) There is currently a lack of robust and developmentally appropriate social skills assessment tools for children and adolescents. (2) Exisiting measures either fail to assess the complexity of social function, or are included as smaller sub-scales of broader outcome measures. (3) Without valid and reliable measures that target the specific subdomains of social skills, interventions cannot be targeted to specific social skills strengths and weaknesses. What this topic adds: (1) The PEERS-Q is a new tool for measuring social skills in children, grounded in developmental neuroscience. (2) PEERS-Q is a valid and reliable measure. (3) PEERS-Q may improve a clinician’s ability to identify a young person’s social difficulties and tailor the type of intervention required.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48002210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1997554
Melvin C W Goh, P. Kelly, F. Deane
ABSTRACT Objective Type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk communication may help individuals better understand their risk and motivate behavioural changes. There is a wealth of research in health risk communication which suggest the effectiveness of message framing and tailored risk feedback; however, little is known about their potential utility when used concurrently and in high-risk population approaches to T2D prevention. Methods This study evaluated the effects of message framing and tailored risk feedback on T2D risk perception and behavioural intentions, and if these effects were varied by level of alcohol consumption. Three hundred and forty-seven online participants were stratified by levels of alcohol consumption and subsequently randomised to receive T2D information, risk estimates, and lifestyle recommendations that were subjected to four different message framing and tailoring manipulations. Results No significant differences were observed in T2D risk perceptions or behavioural intentions by study arm. However, T2D risk perception scores and accuracies, and behavioural intentions significantly increased post-intervention across all conditions. Conclusions Despite the lack of impact of message framing or message tailoring, this study suggests that a brief online T2D risk communication can help to correct risk perceptions and increase behavioural intentions. These preliminary findings are encouraging and support the continued development of online risk assessment and communication to help combat the current T2D epidemic. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Most individuals at risk of Type 2 diabetes do not engage in risk-reducing behaviours. (2) Risk communication may help to correct Type 2 diabetes risk perception and lead to healthy behavioural changes. (3) Message framing and tailored risk feedback have been shown to be effective ways of communication, though no studies have examined them in combination. What this topic adds: (1) Preliminary support for the brief online Type 2 diabetes risk communication intervention in correcting risk perceptions and increasing behavioural intentions. (2) Effectiveness of manipulation did not differ based on message manipulation. (3) Preliminary support for the use of the risk communication intervention in high-risk populations.
{"title":"Enhancing Type 2 diabetes risk communication with message framing and tailored risk feedback: an online randomised controlled trial","authors":"Melvin C W Goh, P. Kelly, F. Deane","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1997554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1997554","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk communication may help individuals better understand their risk and motivate behavioural changes. There is a wealth of research in health risk communication which suggest the effectiveness of message framing and tailored risk feedback; however, little is known about their potential utility when used concurrently and in high-risk population approaches to T2D prevention. Methods This study evaluated the effects of message framing and tailored risk feedback on T2D risk perception and behavioural intentions, and if these effects were varied by level of alcohol consumption. Three hundred and forty-seven online participants were stratified by levels of alcohol consumption and subsequently randomised to receive T2D information, risk estimates, and lifestyle recommendations that were subjected to four different message framing and tailoring manipulations. Results No significant differences were observed in T2D risk perceptions or behavioural intentions by study arm. However, T2D risk perception scores and accuracies, and behavioural intentions significantly increased post-intervention across all conditions. Conclusions Despite the lack of impact of message framing or message tailoring, this study suggests that a brief online T2D risk communication can help to correct risk perceptions and increase behavioural intentions. These preliminary findings are encouraging and support the continued development of online risk assessment and communication to help combat the current T2D epidemic. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Most individuals at risk of Type 2 diabetes do not engage in risk-reducing behaviours. (2) Risk communication may help to correct Type 2 diabetes risk perception and lead to healthy behavioural changes. (3) Message framing and tailored risk feedback have been shown to be effective ways of communication, though no studies have examined them in combination. What this topic adds: (1) Preliminary support for the brief online Type 2 diabetes risk communication intervention in correcting risk perceptions and increasing behavioural intentions. (2) Effectiveness of manipulation did not differ based on message manipulation. (3) Preliminary support for the use of the risk communication intervention in high-risk populations.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46462225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1997553
G. Devilly, Riley P. O’Donohue
ABSTRACT Objective: Two common mood induction procedures (MIPs) use autobiographical recall (AR) or video clips. The first relies upon internal generation of mood states whereas the second presents external information to elicit emotion. Often new video clips are created for each experiment. However, no study has examined the efficacy and specificity of a freely available video clip compared to AR for use in other studies. Method: In the present experiment, participants watched either video clips or engaged in autobiographical recall to induce an emotional state. Participants were 53 University first year psychology students who took part for course credit. Results: The anger video clip was more effective compared to AR at increasing the target emotion (anger) and decreasing the non-target emotions - happiness and serenity. Compared to baseline both the video and AR anger scores were higher than sadness scores. Conclusion: The response to recalling personal events is more influenced by personality characteristics such as trait anger and neuroticism compared to the response to the video stimulus, which proved a cleaner stimulus. Implications for future research in both mood induction and media are discussed.
{"title":"A video is worth a thousand thoughts: comparing a video mood induction procedure to an autobiographical recall technique","authors":"G. Devilly, Riley P. O’Donohue","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1997553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1997553","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective: Two common mood induction procedures (MIPs) use autobiographical recall (AR) or video clips. The first relies upon internal generation of mood states whereas the second presents external information to elicit emotion. Often new video clips are created for each experiment. However, no study has examined the efficacy and specificity of a freely available video clip compared to AR for use in other studies. Method: In the present experiment, participants watched either video clips or engaged in autobiographical recall to induce an emotional state. Participants were 53 University first year psychology students who took part for course credit. Results: The anger video clip was more effective compared to AR at increasing the target emotion (anger) and decreasing the non-target emotions - happiness and serenity. Compared to baseline both the video and AR anger scores were higher than sadness scores. Conclusion: The response to recalling personal events is more influenced by personality characteristics such as trait anger and neuroticism compared to the response to the video stimulus, which proved a cleaner stimulus. Implications for future research in both mood induction and media are discussed.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48637462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1956286
A. Loughman, J. Hedley, C. Olsson, M. Berk, S. Moylan, R. Saffery, P. Sly, M. Tang, A. Ponsonby, P. Vuillermin
ABSTRACT Measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted social networks and employment security worldwide. Longitudinal data in representative samples are required to understand the corresponding mental health impacts. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Australian women raising young families during the first Victorian lockdown and to identify risk factors. Participants comprise 347 mothers of children aged 7 (mean age: 32·11 years [4·27]), from the Barwon Infant Study (BIS). Mothers had previously completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at child ages zero, two, four. Following the lock down, mothers again completed EPDS along with questions regarding current household and employment demographics. Depressive symptoms were substantially more prevalent in the lockdown sample than at any prior assessment (EPDS10+; 30·6%); and were particularly high in women with previous poor mental health. Anticipated and actual job loss were twice as common relative to previous assessment (5% to 13%, p = 0 006) and (4% to 10%, p = 0 001) and were associated with depressive symptoms. While further studies are required to confirm causal associations, these findings highlight the need to support mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the context of employment insecurity and previous mental illness. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Emerging reports from convenience samples demonstrate elevated depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maternal mental health is important for child mental health. Representative, longitudinal data are needed to further improve targeting of policy and health service delivery to prevent a post-COVID-19 mental health crisis. What this topic adds: This early report from a population-derived cohort demonstrates high rates of depression symptomatology in mothers of school aged children following the first COVID-19 lockdown. A past history of depression and current threats to employment are identified as key risk factors for adverse mental health. Our findings are consistent with concerns regarding an increase in mental health burden in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic but further studies are required to assess causality. Interventions and broader community resources to support the mental health of women of school aged children are required, and should target those with a history of depression and current threats to employment.
{"title":"Increased maternal mental health burden in a representative longitudinal community cohort coinciding with COVID-19 lockdown","authors":"A. Loughman, J. Hedley, C. Olsson, M. Berk, S. Moylan, R. Saffery, P. Sly, M. Tang, A. Ponsonby, P. Vuillermin","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1956286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1956286","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic have disrupted social networks and employment security worldwide. Longitudinal data in representative samples are required to understand the corresponding mental health impacts. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Australian women raising young families during the first Victorian lockdown and to identify risk factors. Participants comprise 347 mothers of children aged 7 (mean age: 32·11 years [4·27]), from the Barwon Infant Study (BIS). Mothers had previously completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at child ages zero, two, four. Following the lock down, mothers again completed EPDS along with questions regarding current household and employment demographics. Depressive symptoms were substantially more prevalent in the lockdown sample than at any prior assessment (EPDS10+; 30·6%); and were particularly high in women with previous poor mental health. Anticipated and actual job loss were twice as common relative to previous assessment (5% to 13%, p = 0 006) and (4% to 10%, p = 0 001) and were associated with depressive symptoms. While further studies are required to confirm causal associations, these findings highlight the need to support mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly in the context of employment insecurity and previous mental illness. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Emerging reports from convenience samples demonstrate elevated depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Maternal mental health is important for child mental health. Representative, longitudinal data are needed to further improve targeting of policy and health service delivery to prevent a post-COVID-19 mental health crisis. What this topic adds: This early report from a population-derived cohort demonstrates high rates of depression symptomatology in mothers of school aged children following the first COVID-19 lockdown. A past history of depression and current threats to employment are identified as key risk factors for adverse mental health. Our findings are consistent with concerns regarding an increase in mental health burden in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic but further studies are required to assess causality. Interventions and broader community resources to support the mental health of women of school aged children are required, and should target those with a history of depression and current threats to employment.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42248627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-16DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1967100
J. A. Datu, Jet U. Buenconsejo
ABSTRACT Objectives Prior studies have demonstrated the educational and mental health benefits of grit — disposition to show passion and perseverance for long term goals — in different societies. However, there is limited research on how grit's dimensions relate to pro-environmental outcomes. This study aims to explore the associations of grit's dimensions (i.e., perseverance of effort and consistency of interests) with environmental passion, environmentally friendly behaviors, and environmental awareness via a cross-sectional design. Method A sample of 700 Filipino undergraduate students completed a self-reported survey on grit, environmental awareness, environmental passion, and pro-environmental behaviors. Structural equation modeling via maximum likelihood estimation was used to examine the hypothesized links among grit and pro-environmental outcomes. Results Both dimensions of grit were associated with all pro-environmental outcomes. Whereas consistency was more strongly linked to environmental passion, perseverance was more strongly related to environmentally friendly behaviors as well as environmental awareness. Conclusions Results point to the ecological benefits of espousing passion and perseverance for long-term goals. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Prior research shows that grit predicts academic success and well-being outcomes. (2) Studies also demonstrated that perseverance had more robust associations with optimal performance and psychological outcomes. (3) There is evidence showing how grit relates to self-regulation. What this topic adds: (1) This study demonstrated that both perseverance of effort and consistency of interests positively predicted environmental passion, environmentally friendly behaviors, and environmental awareness. (2) Whereas consistency appears to be more strongly linked to environmental passion, perseverance was more strongly related to environmentally friendly behaviors as well as environmental awareness. (3) These findings offered preliminary evidence regarding the ecological benefits of grit.
{"title":"The ecological benefits of staying gritty: grit dimensions are associated with pro-environmental passion, awareness, and behaviours","authors":"J. A. Datu, Jet U. Buenconsejo","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1967100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1967100","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objectives Prior studies have demonstrated the educational and mental health benefits of grit — disposition to show passion and perseverance for long term goals — in different societies. However, there is limited research on how grit's dimensions relate to pro-environmental outcomes. This study aims to explore the associations of grit's dimensions (i.e., perseverance of effort and consistency of interests) with environmental passion, environmentally friendly behaviors, and environmental awareness via a cross-sectional design. Method A sample of 700 Filipino undergraduate students completed a self-reported survey on grit, environmental awareness, environmental passion, and pro-environmental behaviors. Structural equation modeling via maximum likelihood estimation was used to examine the hypothesized links among grit and pro-environmental outcomes. Results Both dimensions of grit were associated with all pro-environmental outcomes. Whereas consistency was more strongly linked to environmental passion, perseverance was more strongly related to environmentally friendly behaviors as well as environmental awareness. Conclusions Results point to the ecological benefits of espousing passion and perseverance for long-term goals. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Prior research shows that grit predicts academic success and well-being outcomes. (2) Studies also demonstrated that perseverance had more robust associations with optimal performance and psychological outcomes. (3) There is evidence showing how grit relates to self-regulation. What this topic adds: (1) This study demonstrated that both perseverance of effort and consistency of interests positively predicted environmental passion, environmentally friendly behaviors, and environmental awareness. (2) Whereas consistency appears to be more strongly linked to environmental passion, perseverance was more strongly related to environmentally friendly behaviors as well as environmental awareness. (3) These findings offered preliminary evidence regarding the ecological benefits of grit.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42014999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1974800
Yuanxiao Ma, Wenshuang Long, Guangzeng Liu, Haijing Ma
ABSTRACT Objective The sense of attachment security is believed to be positively associated with altruistic behaviour. Based on this notion, this study investigated whether boosting attachment security increases people’s giving behaviour and examined the moderating role of attachment styles. Method To this end, a 30-day security priming training (using multi-method approaches) was conducted to validate these assumptions. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the security or the neutral priming training group. The dictator game (DG) was adopted as a measure of altruism, and each participant was required to complete a DG before and after the priming training. Results The results indicated that participants who experienced security priming training exhibited more giving behaviour in DG. Moreover, the boosting effect of this training was more evident in participants with high attachment anxiety. Conclusion These findings enhance our understanding about the different susceptibility of attachment insecurities to security priming and further validate the causal link between attachment security and altruism. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Attachment security was associated with higher altruistic behavior. Attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) were thought to impede altruism. Feelings of attachment security could be improved by security priming training. What this topic adds: Security priming training could effectively improve participant’s giving behavior. The boosting effect of security priming training was more obvious in participants with high attachment anxiety. Empathy is contagious; therefore, in social life, whatever role you play, being sensitive and supportive will always help!
{"title":"Boosting attachment security promotes giving behaviour in higher attachment anxiety","authors":"Yuanxiao Ma, Wenshuang Long, Guangzeng Liu, Haijing Ma","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1974800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1974800","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The sense of attachment security is believed to be positively associated with altruistic behaviour. Based on this notion, this study investigated whether boosting attachment security increases people’s giving behaviour and examined the moderating role of attachment styles. Method To this end, a 30-day security priming training (using multi-method approaches) was conducted to validate these assumptions. Sixty-six participants were randomly assigned to either the security or the neutral priming training group. The dictator game (DG) was adopted as a measure of altruism, and each participant was required to complete a DG before and after the priming training. Results The results indicated that participants who experienced security priming training exhibited more giving behaviour in DG. Moreover, the boosting effect of this training was more evident in participants with high attachment anxiety. Conclusion These findings enhance our understanding about the different susceptibility of attachment insecurities to security priming and further validate the causal link between attachment security and altruism. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Attachment security was associated with higher altruistic behavior. Attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) were thought to impede altruism. Feelings of attachment security could be improved by security priming training. What this topic adds: Security priming training could effectively improve participant’s giving behavior. The boosting effect of security priming training was more obvious in participants with high attachment anxiety. Empathy is contagious; therefore, in social life, whatever role you play, being sensitive and supportive will always help!","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46425242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-22DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1965860
Azra Jahanitabesh, V. Alogna, J. Halberstadt
ABSTRACT Objective Depression has unfavourable effects on emotion perception, and potential downstream consequences on social functioning. However, it is not clear if depressed individuals themselves are aware of these effects. We explored the relation between the independent and interactive contributions of depressive symptoms and rumination on self-perceived emotion recognition ability. Method Depressive symptoms and ruminative tendencies of 108 university students (54 females) were measured, and participants rated both their self-perceived ability to perceive emotion, and to recognize the change from one emotion to another, in other people. Results Multiple regressions showed rumination and depressive symptoms both independently and interactively explain participants’ beliefs about their emotion recognition skills but only among females. Female ruminators thought they were more accurate, whereas those with more severe depressive symptoms believed they were less accurate. Interestingly, the relation between rumination and accuracy depended on depressed mood, such that rumination predicted self-perceived emotion recognition to a greater extent as depression increased. The pattern of findings were weaker and non-significant for males. Conclusions At least in women, both depression and rumination are, independently and interactively, correlated with self-perceived ability to recognize emotion. These findings have implications for both research and clinical practice. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Depression has detrimental effects on emotion recognition, and possible downstream effects on social functioning. (2) It is not known whether depressed individuals themselves are aware of the effects of depressive symptoms on their social interactions. (3) The tendency towards prolonged, repetitive thinking about one’s own thoughts, feelings, and problems – termed rumination – might explain depression-related emotion recognition deficiencies. What this topic adds: (1) The current study examined the independent and interactive effects of depressive symptoms and rumination on self-perceived emotion recognition. Overall, results revealed main and interaction effects of rumination and depressive symptoms on self-perceived emotion recognition but only among females. (2) Inspection of interaction effects revealed that somewhat counterintuitively, females with higher levels of rumination reported greater self-perceived emotion recognition, controlling for depression. (3) Among females, more depressed individuals who tended not to ruminate reported the least competency in detecting the emotions of others. Put another way, the negative relation between depression and self-perceived emotion recognition is stronger when people do not ruminate.
{"title":"The role of depressive symptoms and rumination on subjective confidence in recognition of others’ emotions: an exploratory study","authors":"Azra Jahanitabesh, V. Alogna, J. Halberstadt","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1965860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1965860","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Depression has unfavourable effects on emotion perception, and potential downstream consequences on social functioning. However, it is not clear if depressed individuals themselves are aware of these effects. We explored the relation between the independent and interactive contributions of depressive symptoms and rumination on self-perceived emotion recognition ability. Method Depressive symptoms and ruminative tendencies of 108 university students (54 females) were measured, and participants rated both their self-perceived ability to perceive emotion, and to recognize the change from one emotion to another, in other people. Results Multiple regressions showed rumination and depressive symptoms both independently and interactively explain participants’ beliefs about their emotion recognition skills but only among females. Female ruminators thought they were more accurate, whereas those with more severe depressive symptoms believed they were less accurate. Interestingly, the relation between rumination and accuracy depended on depressed mood, such that rumination predicted self-perceived emotion recognition to a greater extent as depression increased. The pattern of findings were weaker and non-significant for males. Conclusions At least in women, both depression and rumination are, independently and interactively, correlated with self-perceived ability to recognize emotion. These findings have implications for both research and clinical practice. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: (1) Depression has detrimental effects on emotion recognition, and possible downstream effects on social functioning. (2) It is not known whether depressed individuals themselves are aware of the effects of depressive symptoms on their social interactions. (3) The tendency towards prolonged, repetitive thinking about one’s own thoughts, feelings, and problems – termed rumination – might explain depression-related emotion recognition deficiencies. What this topic adds: (1) The current study examined the independent and interactive effects of depressive symptoms and rumination on self-perceived emotion recognition. Overall, results revealed main and interaction effects of rumination and depressive symptoms on self-perceived emotion recognition but only among females. (2) Inspection of interaction effects revealed that somewhat counterintuitively, females with higher levels of rumination reported greater self-perceived emotion recognition, controlling for depression. (3) Among females, more depressed individuals who tended not to ruminate reported the least competency in detecting the emotions of others. Put another way, the negative relation between depression and self-perceived emotion recognition is stronger when people do not ruminate.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42313126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1955224
Deborah Nott, Benjamin R. Walker
ABSTRACT Objective The explanatory power of the Dark Tetrad of personality (i.e., sub-clinical traits of sadism, psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism) in the prediction of risk-taking behaviours is yet to be determined. This study aimed to predict both self-reported and behavioural risk-taking from the four dark trait variables. Method Participants (N = 216) completed an online survey using the Short Dark Triad, the Assessment of Sadistic Personality, the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale and the automatic Balloon Analogue Risk Task. It was hypothesised that psychopathy would positively predict risk-taking, and sadism would uniquely positively predict risk-taking. Results Both hypotheses were partially supported as psychopathy and sadism positively uniquely predicted self-reported risk-taking, but this was not significant for psychopathy after a Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, psychopathy and sadism were not significant predictors of behavioural risk-taking. Conclusions Detection of factors that motivate individuals to engage in risk-taking behaviours could be valuable in clinical interventions.
{"title":"The Dark Tetrad in the prediction of self-reported and behavioural risk-taking","authors":"Deborah Nott, Benjamin R. Walker","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1955224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1955224","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective The explanatory power of the Dark Tetrad of personality (i.e., sub-clinical traits of sadism, psychopathy, narcissism and Machiavellianism) in the prediction of risk-taking behaviours is yet to be determined. This study aimed to predict both self-reported and behavioural risk-taking from the four dark trait variables. Method Participants (N = 216) completed an online survey using the Short Dark Triad, the Assessment of Sadistic Personality, the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking Scale and the automatic Balloon Analogue Risk Task. It was hypothesised that psychopathy would positively predict risk-taking, and sadism would uniquely positively predict risk-taking. Results Both hypotheses were partially supported as psychopathy and sadism positively uniquely predicted self-reported risk-taking, but this was not significant for psychopathy after a Bonferroni correction. Furthermore, psychopathy and sadism were not significant predictors of behavioural risk-taking. Conclusions Detection of factors that motivate individuals to engage in risk-taking behaviours could be valuable in clinical interventions.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2021.1955224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47496937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.1080/00049530.2021.1952850
C. Adams, E. Gringart, N. Strobel, Paul W. Masterman
ABSTRACT Objective Despite high risk for mental health problems, older adults with chronic diseases underutilise mental health services. This study applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to understand mental health help-seeking intentions among this population and identified factors which influence help-seeking intentions. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study with a non-clinical sample of 108 older adults aged 65 years or over, living with cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and/or type 2 diabetes. TPB variables (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control), intentions to seek help, and additional factors (past help-seeking behaviour, quality of life, and physical health) were assessed using standardised questionnaires. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to identify predictors of help-seeking intentions. Results 41% of the participants did not intend to seek help, and all three TPB variables were associated with help-seeking intentions. The traditional TPB model accounted for 69.7% of the variance in intentions, and the extended TPB model accounted for an additional 1.6% of the variance. Conclusions Attitudes and perceived behavioural control have the strongest association with help-seeking intentions among older adults with chronic disease. Further research is needed to identify predictors of mental health help-seeking behaviour and to develop interventions to promote help-seeking in this population. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Older adults aged 65 years or over living with chronic disease are at an increased risk of mental health decline. Older adults underutilise mental health services, and consequently mental health problems often go undiagnosed and untreated in this population. A growing body of research has demonstrated the utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting intentions to seek mental health support services. What this topic adds: Most older adults with chronic disease have some intention to seek professional mental health support when needed. Older adults with chronic disease have a high perceived ability to seek professional help. Promoting favourable attitudes towards mental health help-seeking is likely to facilitate the greatest change in help-seeking intentions in the present population.
{"title":"Help-seeking for mental health problems among older adults with chronic disease: an application of the theory of planned behaviour","authors":"C. Adams, E. Gringart, N. Strobel, Paul W. Masterman","doi":"10.1080/00049530.2021.1952850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1952850","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Objective Despite high risk for mental health problems, older adults with chronic diseases underutilise mental health services. This study applied the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to understand mental health help-seeking intentions among this population and identified factors which influence help-seeking intentions. Method We conducted a cross-sectional study with a non-clinical sample of 108 older adults aged 65 years or over, living with cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and/or type 2 diabetes. TPB variables (attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control), intentions to seek help, and additional factors (past help-seeking behaviour, quality of life, and physical health) were assessed using standardised questionnaires. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to identify predictors of help-seeking intentions. Results 41% of the participants did not intend to seek help, and all three TPB variables were associated with help-seeking intentions. The traditional TPB model accounted for 69.7% of the variance in intentions, and the extended TPB model accounted for an additional 1.6% of the variance. Conclusions Attitudes and perceived behavioural control have the strongest association with help-seeking intentions among older adults with chronic disease. Further research is needed to identify predictors of mental health help-seeking behaviour and to develop interventions to promote help-seeking in this population. KEY POINTS What is already known about this topic: Older adults aged 65 years or over living with chronic disease are at an increased risk of mental health decline. Older adults underutilise mental health services, and consequently mental health problems often go undiagnosed and untreated in this population. A growing body of research has demonstrated the utility of the Theory of Planned Behaviour in predicting intentions to seek mental health support services. What this topic adds: Most older adults with chronic disease have some intention to seek professional mental health support when needed. Older adults with chronic disease have a high perceived ability to seek professional help. Promoting favourable attitudes towards mental health help-seeking is likely to facilitate the greatest change in help-seeking intentions in the present population.","PeriodicalId":8871,"journal":{"name":"Australian Journal of Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00049530.2021.1952850","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46370748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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