Australian Journal of Psychology最新文献

Purpose: With ageing, people may experience loss of function which may be compensated for by using technology. This review aims to examine the range and extent of personal voice assistants used for older adults living in the community, their technology readiness level, associated outcomes, and the strength of evidence.

Methods: This study complies with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. The CINAHL, EMBASE, IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were used to identify studies that explored the use of personal voice assistant technology with older adults living in the community.

Results: The search yielded 499 studies, 22 of which were included for final analysis. Consumer technologies (e.g., Amazon Alexa) were evaluated in 18 studies, while four studies evaluated novel technologies. Most of the studies exploring the use of personal voice assistants with older adults evaluated technology usability and acceptance. Personal voice assistants were most commonly used by older adults for setting up reminders, searching for information, and checking the weather. None of the included studies evaluated the effectiveness of the technologies' ability to improve the management of health conditions or to facilitate the functional capacity of older adults.

Conclusions: More research is needed to determine the possible impact of using personal voice assistants for older adults living in the community. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe TRL for personal voice assistants is high.Personal voice assistants are currently being used by older adults for a range of activities including setting up reminders, searching for information, and checking the weather.Whether personal voice assistants can support older adults' ability to age in place is still unknown.The use of personal voice assistants in older adults is ripe for future enquiry and intervention-based research.

Objective: Postpartum depression affects around 17% of the women worldwide and has considerable implications for maternal and child health. While some risk factors have been identified, the association between pregnancy and delivery complications and postpartum depression is less well understood. This study aims to determine whether specific pregnancy complications are associated with risk of postpartum depression symptoms (PPDS).

Method: This study analysed a subset of variables collected as part of a larger study exploring pregnancy circumstances and maternal-foetal health outcomes. Mothers residing in Australia provided information on their biological children aged 3-13 years. Pregnancy complications were analysed using bivariate analyses and binary logistic regression.

Results: Mothers (N = 1,926) reported on N = 3,210 pregnancies (mean number of pregnancies = 1.27, SD = 0.97). At the time of childbirth, mothers were on average 30.1 years old (SD = 5.14). Experiencing a pregnancy complication increased the risk of PPDS (X² = 16.45, df = 1, p < 0.001) However, logistic regression analyses indicated an increased risk of PPDS was associated with the specific pregnancy complications of cytomegalovirus (AOR = 7.06, 95% CI[1.51,32.98]), emergency caesarean (AOR = 1.67, 95% CI[1.31,2.12]), foetal distress before birth (AOR = 1.49, 95% CI[1.16,1.91]), induced labour (AOR = 1.55, 95% CI[1.25,1.91]) and placenta previa (AOR = 2.60, 95% CI[1.44,4.71]).

Conclusion: Specific pregnancy complications were associated with PPDS, suggesting that some complications may pose a greater risk for PPDS than others. This study contributes to the growing understanding of peripartum risk factors for postpartum depression, and suggests that early clinical identification of at-risk mothers and early prophylactic and supportive care may be warranted to reduce that risk.

Objective: The current study explored (1) changes in trust in federal and state governments and scientists across representative Australian national samples from 2003-2020; and (2) the extent to which trust in these sources predicted compliance with COVID-19 prevention measures at the onset of the pandemic.

Method: Using a nationally representative samples (N = 1000), we asked participants to rate their trust in federal and state government and in scientists, their extent of compliance with COVID-19 prevention measures, and to provide demographic information.

Results: We found that trust in federal and state governments had significantly increased, while trust in scientists was at a high level matched by only three other time-points. Higher levels of trust in state government and scientists uniquely predicted greater compliance with COVID-19 prevention measures. Women and older respondents also reported greater compliance.

Conclusion: The current findings reinforce those from Australia and other countries indicating that trust increased during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and those identifying trust in government and in scientists as important predictors of compliance. Importantly, our findings highlight the role of trust in state government, which potentially reflects the role played by Australian state governments in enacting and enforcing COVID-19 prevention measures.

Objective: The current study aims to explore the influence of social comparison on risk decision-making for self and for groups in intergroup contexts.

Method: Two experiments with the within-subjects design of 2 (social comparison: upward comparison, downward comparison) × 3 (decision-maker role: for "me", for "us", for "them") were conducted in this study. Experiment 1 focused on the ingroup contexts, and experiment 2 focused on the outgroup contexts.

Results: (1) in outgroup contexts, individuals are more risk-seeking in upward comparison conditions than in downward comparison conditions. However, the difference disappears in ingroup contexts. (2) Making decisions for "them" is riskier than making decisions for "me" and for "us" with no significant differences between the latter two and consistent across intergroup contexts. (3) The difference in risk decisions made amid upward and downward comparisons is amplified for decisions made for groups.

Conclusion: The findings may support the selective accessibility model and provide an interpretation with responsibility alleviation for self-group differences in risk decision-making.