Pub Date : 2022-06-06DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1543
B. I. Castro-Pérez, Felipe de Jesus Gamboa del Real, Octavio Carrillo Muro, Pedro Hernandez Briano, Alejandro Rivera Villegas, Alberto Barreras Serrano, Alejadro Plascencia Jorquera, Alfredo Estrada Angulo, Jesus David Urias Estrada, Jairo Ivan Aguilera Soto
In order to describe the effects of origin (Mexico and United States of America), sex, age at slaughter (AS, 4categories), body condition score (BCS, 5 categories) and slaughter weight (SW, 4 categories) on carcass characteristics of culled quarter horses, data from 235 horses sacrificed in the same slaughter facility within a 150 days period wereanalyzed. Overall, 74.5% were from the US, 80% were < 15 years of age and had BCS ≤ 4, and sex proportion was similar(51.5% female vs 48.5% males). Horses from USA had heavierSW (27%), leg circumference (4%), carcass weight (4.2%) and carcass yield (2.9%). Sex did not affect any characteristics evaluated. Horses from 3 to 8 years had greater rib eye area(REA) and backfat thickness. Except for leg length, as BCS and SW improved, all carcass characteristics linearly increased as BCS and SW increased. It is concluded that origin, sex, and age, explained very little on the carcass characteristics. The slaughter weight mainly explained changes in linear measures,carcass weight, and compact index, while BCS mainly explained carcass yield and REA.
{"title":"Description of the main attributes (origin, gender, age, body condition, and slaughter weight) at slaughter house arrival and their impact on carcass characteristics from cull Quarter Horse","authors":"B. I. Castro-Pérez, Felipe de Jesus Gamboa del Real, Octavio Carrillo Muro, Pedro Hernandez Briano, Alejandro Rivera Villegas, Alberto Barreras Serrano, Alejadro Plascencia Jorquera, Alfredo Estrada Angulo, Jesus David Urias Estrada, Jairo Ivan Aguilera Soto","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1543","url":null,"abstract":"In order to describe the effects of origin (Mexico and United States of America), sex, age at slaughter (AS, 4categories), body condition score (BCS, 5 categories) and slaughter weight (SW, 4 categories) on carcass characteristics of culled quarter horses, data from 235 horses sacrificed in the same slaughter facility within a 150 days period wereanalyzed. Overall, 74.5% were from the US, 80% were < 15 years of age and had BCS ≤ 4, and sex proportion was similar(51.5% female vs 48.5% males). Horses from USA had heavierSW (27%), leg circumference (4%), carcass weight (4.2%) and carcass yield (2.9%). Sex did not affect any characteristics evaluated. Horses from 3 to 8 years had greater rib eye area(REA) and backfat thickness. Except for leg length, as BCS and SW improved, all carcass characteristics linearly increased as BCS and SW increased. It is concluded that origin, sex, and age, explained very little on the carcass characteristics. The slaughter weight mainly explained changes in linear measures,carcass weight, and compact index, while BCS mainly explained carcass yield and REA.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41818164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1577
Hipócrates Nolasco Cancino, Daniela Jarquín Martínez, Francisco Ruiz Terán, Jorge Alejandro Santiago Urbina
El mezcal se produce por fermentación del jugo de maguey y doble destilación en alambiques de cobre. Durante la segunda destilación, el destilado se separa en tres fracciones: cabeza, cuerpo y cola. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el progreso de los compuestos químicos regulados por la NOM-070-SCFI-2016 durante la primera y segunda destilación. Se recolectaron alícuotas directamente del flujo del destilado de un lote de mezcal artesanal y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases y densitómetro digital. La fracción cabeza se colectó de 77.71 a 74.30 % v/v de etanol, la fracción cuerpo hasta 28.83 % v/v, la fracción cola hasta 14.44 % v/v. El primer litro de cada fracción contenía 1731.86, 656.54 y 102.6 mg/100 mL a.a. de ésteres; 421.21, 452.28 y 40.26 mg/100 mL a.a. de alcoholes superiores; 72.86, 35.37 y 1.77 mg/100 ml a.a. de aldehídos; 135.33, 142.95 y 247.6 mg/100 ml a.a. de metanol; 0.30, 0.45 y 3.04 mg/100 mL a.a. de furfural. Los alcoholes superiores, ésteres y aldehídos predominaron al inicio de la destilación, mientras que el furfural y el metanol prevalecen al final. Estos resultados serán de utilidad para los Maestros mezcaleros, contribuyendo a un mejor control de calidad del Mezcal.
Mezcal是通过Maguey果汁发酵和铜蒸馏器中的双重蒸馏生产的。在第二次蒸馏过程中，馏分分为三个部分：头部、身体和尾部。这项研究的目的是确定NOM-070-SCFI-2016调节的化合物在第一次和第二次蒸馏过程中的进展。直接从一批手工混合物的馏分流中收集等分，并用气相色谱法和数字密度计进行分析。乙醇的头部分数为77.71%至74.30%V/V，身体分数为28.83%V/V，尾部分数为14.44%V/V。每种馏分的第一升含有1731.86、656.54和102.6 mg/100 ml a.a.酯；高级醇421.21、452.28和40.26 mg/100 ml；72.86、35.37和1.77 mg/100 ml a.a.醛；135.33、142.95和247.6 mg/100 ml甲醇；0.30、0.45和3.04 mg/100 ml糠醛A.A。高级醇、酯和醛在蒸馏开始时占主导地位，而糠醛和甲醇在蒸馏结束时占主导地位。这些结果将有助于Mezcaleros教师，有助于更好地控制Mezcal的质量。
{"title":"Behavior of the volatile compounds regulated by the Mexican Official Standard NOM-070-SCFI-2016 during the distillation of artisanal Mezcal","authors":"Hipócrates Nolasco Cancino, Daniela Jarquín Martínez, Francisco Ruiz Terán, Jorge Alejandro Santiago Urbina","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1577","url":null,"abstract":"El mezcal se produce por fermentación del jugo de maguey y doble destilación en alambiques de cobre. Durante la segunda destilación, el destilado se separa en tres fracciones: cabeza, cuerpo y cola. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar el progreso de los compuestos químicos regulados por la NOM-070-SCFI-2016 durante la primera y segunda destilación. Se recolectaron alícuotas directamente del flujo del destilado de un lote de mezcal artesanal y se analizaron por cromatografía de gases y densitómetro digital. La fracción cabeza se colectó de 77.71 a 74.30 % v/v de etanol, la fracción cuerpo hasta 28.83 % v/v, la fracción cola hasta 14.44 % v/v. El primer litro de cada fracción contenía 1731.86, 656.54 y 102.6 mg/100 mL a.a. de ésteres; 421.21, 452.28 y 40.26 mg/100 mL a.a. de alcoholes superiores; 72.86, 35.37 y 1.77 mg/100 ml a.a. de aldehídos; 135.33, 142.95 y 247.6 mg/100 ml a.a. de metanol; 0.30, 0.45 y 3.04 mg/100 mL a.a. de furfural. Los alcoholes superiores, ésteres y aldehídos predominaron al inicio de la destilación, mientras que el furfural y el metanol prevalecen al final. Estos resultados serán de utilidad para los Maestros mezcaleros, contribuyendo a un mejor control de calidad del Mezcal.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45915509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1638
Emma Nallely López-Medina, R. Álvarez-García, Alejandro Téllez-Jurado, Jesús Aguayo-Rojas, Xochitl Tovar-Jiménez
Una de las preocupaciones de la sociedad son los problemas de salud asociados a la resistencia bacteriana a múltiples fármacos, es por ello, que la búsqueda de productos naturales con actividad antimicrobiana es relevante. En este sentido, se ha demostrado que Eichhornia crassipes posee propiedades biológicas. Por lo que, el objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la composición químico-proximal y fitoquímica de extractos de E. crassipes obtenidos por Maceración y Shoxlet con la finalidad evaluar su potencial bacteriostático. Los resultados del análisis químico-proximal indicaron que la fracción hoja presenta una alta concentración de proteína (32.67 ± 0.25 %) y holocelulosa (65.34 ± 0.06 %), mientras que, el análisis fitoquímico de las fracciones evaluadas (hoja (H), bulbo (b) y hoja+bulbo (H+B)), indica la presencia de flavonoides, fenoles, taninos y saponinas, principalmente. Siendo los extractos acuosos los que presentaron mayor concentración de compuestos fitoquímicos antimicrobianos. Asimismo, el extracto etanólico obtenido por Maceración de la fracción H+B (18.53 mm) y el extracto acuoso de la fracción H obtenido por Soxhlet (18.40 mm) presentaron mayor inhibición contra Staphylococcus aureus, mientras que el extracto etanólico y acuoso obtenido por el método Soxhlet (11.97, 11.93 mm, respectivamente) de la fracción H mostraron mayor inhibición contra Salmonella sp.
{"title":"Análisis químico-proximal, fitoquímico y potencial bacteriostático de Eichhornia crassipes","authors":"Emma Nallely López-Medina, R. Álvarez-García, Alejandro Téllez-Jurado, Jesús Aguayo-Rojas, Xochitl Tovar-Jiménez","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1638","url":null,"abstract":"Una de las preocupaciones de la sociedad son los problemas de salud asociados a la resistencia bacteriana a múltiples fármacos, es por ello, que la búsqueda de productos naturales con actividad antimicrobiana es relevante. En este sentido, se ha demostrado que Eichhornia crassipes posee propiedades biológicas. Por lo que, el objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la composición químico-proximal y fitoquímica de extractos de E. crassipes obtenidos por Maceración y Shoxlet con la finalidad evaluar su potencial bacteriostático. Los resultados del análisis químico-proximal indicaron que la fracción hoja presenta una alta concentración de proteína (32.67 ± 0.25 %) y holocelulosa (65.34 ± 0.06 %), mientras que, el análisis fitoquímico de las fracciones evaluadas (hoja (H), bulbo (b) y hoja+bulbo (H+B)), indica la presencia de flavonoides, fenoles, taninos y saponinas, principalmente. Siendo los extractos acuosos los que presentaron mayor concentración de compuestos fitoquímicos antimicrobianos. Asimismo, el extracto etanólico obtenido por Maceración de la fracción H+B (18.53 mm) y el extracto acuoso de la fracción H obtenido por Soxhlet (18.40 mm) presentaron mayor inhibición contra Staphylococcus aureus, mientras que el extracto etanólico y acuoso obtenido por el método Soxhlet (11.97, 11.93 mm, respectivamente) de la fracción H mostraron mayor inhibición contra Salmonella sp.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42745978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1664
Miguel Servín-Palestina, Raquel Salazar-Moreno, I. López-Cruz, Guillermo Medina-García, José Ángel Cid-Ríos
El estado de Zacatecas ocupa el primer lugar en la producción de frijol de temporal en México. Debido a las repercusiones económicas y de seguridad alimentaria, es importante la predicción de los rendimientos, producción y superficie cosechada, igualmente, conocer las variables climatológicas que mayor efecto tienen en el cultivo de frijol. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron 1) desarrollar modelos de redes neuronales artificiales RNA para la predicción de la superficie cosechada (SC), los rendimientos (Rto) y la producción (P) de frijol de temporal en el estado de Zacatecas, empleando datos de temperatura máxima y mínima del aire, precipitación y evaporación durante el periodo 1988-2019. 2) realizar un análisis de sensibilidad para determinar las variables de entrada que tienen mayor influencia en la producción y rendimiento de frijol. Debido a la limitada disponibilidad de datos climáticos, se usó la librería Climatol del paquete estadístico R, para el llenado de datos faltantes. Los resultados muestran que los modelos de RNA son capaces de detectar la influencia del clima en la producción de frijol. La eficiencia global en los modelos RNA fue de 0.89 para Rto y 0.86 para SC. La producción se estimó con los modelos de RNA para Rto y SC y se obtuvo un R2 =0.80. De acuerdo al análisis de sensibilidad, la evaporación del ciclo del cultivo (Eva) es la variable más importante en la predicción del rendimiento, mientras que la precipitación de agosto (Pp_Ago) y la temperatura mínima (Tmin) influyeron más en la producción.
{"title":"Predicción de la producción y rendimiento de frijol, con modelos de redes neuronales artificiales y datos climáticos","authors":"Miguel Servín-Palestina, Raquel Salazar-Moreno, I. López-Cruz, Guillermo Medina-García, José Ángel Cid-Ríos","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1664","url":null,"abstract":"El estado de Zacatecas ocupa el primer lugar en la producción de frijol de temporal en México. Debido a las repercusiones económicas y de seguridad alimentaria, es importante la predicción de los rendimientos, producción y superficie cosechada, igualmente, conocer las variables climatológicas que mayor efecto tienen en el cultivo de frijol. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron 1) desarrollar modelos de redes neuronales artificiales RNA para la predicción de la superficie cosechada (SC), los rendimientos (Rto) y la producción (P) de frijol de temporal en el estado de Zacatecas, empleando datos de temperatura máxima y mínima del aire, precipitación y evaporación durante el periodo 1988-2019. 2) realizar un análisis de sensibilidad para determinar las variables de entrada que tienen mayor influencia en la producción y rendimiento de frijol. Debido a la limitada disponibilidad de datos climáticos, se usó la librería Climatol del paquete estadístico R, para el llenado de datos faltantes. Los resultados muestran que los modelos de RNA son capaces de detectar la influencia del clima en la producción de frijol. La eficiencia global en los modelos RNA fue de 0.89 para Rto y 0.86 para SC. La producción se estimó con los modelos de RNA para Rto y SC y se obtuvo un R2 =0.80. De acuerdo al análisis de sensibilidad, la evaporación del ciclo del cultivo (Eva) es la variable más importante en la predicción del rendimiento, mientras que la precipitación de agosto (Pp_Ago) y la temperatura mínima (Tmin) influyeron más en la producción.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43896024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1501
Edwin Alfonso Zelaya-Benavidez, G. A. Martínez-Gutiérrez, Celerino Robles Pérez, Isidro Morales García
The best co-digestion ratio between mezcal vinasses and bovine manure was investigated to produce methane.Five vinasses and bovine manure mixtures in different proportionswere compared (v/v): 25-75, 50-50, 75-25, 100-0, and 0-100, with six replications. As reactors, 496 mL glasscontainers with hermetic seal were used, with 300 mL of active volume under mesophilic conditions (36 ± 1 oC) for 10 days. The pH, total solids, and volatile solids of vinasses,bovine manure, and their mixtures were determined in triplicate.The methane accumulated volume was greater with the 0-100 and 75-25, followed by the 100-0, with 286.23, 286.40, and 225.48 NmL CH4, respectively. Methane yield was higher with 100-0 and 75-25 with 28.27 and 22.77 NmL CH4 g-1volatile solids, respectively. The Gompertz bacterial growthmodel showed that the micro-organisms adaptation periodin vinasses was longer than in bovine manure. Co-digestionof vinasses and bovine manure in proportion 75-25 % improvedthe methane production by 26.7 % with respect to the digestion of vinasses alone, and reduced the adaptation timeof bacteria to vinasses by 4.12 days.
{"title":"Uso de vinazas de mezcal para producir metano por co-digestión con estiércol de bovino","authors":"Edwin Alfonso Zelaya-Benavidez, G. A. Martínez-Gutiérrez, Celerino Robles Pérez, Isidro Morales García","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1501","url":null,"abstract":"The best co-digestion ratio between mezcal vinasses and bovine manure was investigated to produce methane.Five vinasses and bovine manure mixtures in different proportionswere compared (v/v): 25-75, 50-50, 75-25, 100-0, and 0-100, with six replications. As reactors, 496 mL glasscontainers with hermetic seal were used, with 300 mL of active volume under mesophilic conditions (36 ± 1 oC) for 10 days. The pH, total solids, and volatile solids of vinasses,bovine manure, and their mixtures were determined in triplicate.The methane accumulated volume was greater with the 0-100 and 75-25, followed by the 100-0, with 286.23, 286.40, and 225.48 NmL CH4, respectively. Methane yield was higher with 100-0 and 75-25 with 28.27 and 22.77 NmL CH4 g-1volatile solids, respectively. The Gompertz bacterial growthmodel showed that the micro-organisms adaptation periodin vinasses was longer than in bovine manure. Co-digestionof vinasses and bovine manure in proportion 75-25 % improvedthe methane production by 26.7 % with respect to the digestion of vinasses alone, and reduced the adaptation timeof bacteria to vinasses by 4.12 days.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41825144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1603
Cid Aguilar Carpio, J. A. S. Escalante Estrada, Immer Aguilar Mariscal, Nestor Jorge Rojas Victoria
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la producción de materia seca total, rendimiento de grano, sus componentes y rentabilidad en tres genotipos de maíz en respuesta al nitrógeno y biofertilizante, en clima templado. El estudio se estableció en Montecillo, Estado de México. Los tratamientos consistieron en la siembra del maíz criollo Michoacán 21, una variedad sintética HS-2 y el híbrido Promesa, los cuales fueron inoculados con biofertilizantes, en diferentes niveles de nitrógeno 0, 80 y 160 kg ha-1. A madurez fisiologica se evaluó la materia seca total (MS), rendimiento de grano (RG) y sus componentes. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis económico. La aplicación de biofertilizante y nitrógeno ocasionó incrementos en la producción de MS, RG y sus componentes en función del genotipo utilizado. Michoacan-21 presento un efecto positivo con el uso de biofertilizante en la MS y RG. En general, la mayor MS se logró con la aplicación de 160 kg ha-1 de nitrógeno en el genotipo HS-2 y en el caso del RG el más alto fue con Promesa y nitrógeno a 160 kg ha-1, el cual presentó el mayor ingreso neto y total.
本研究的目的是确定3个基因型玉米在温带气候下对氮和生物肥料的总干物质产量、籽粒产量、其成分和盈利能力。这项研究是在墨西哥蒙特西略进行的。本研究的目的是评估玉米在不同氮水平(0、80和160 kg hm -2)下的生长情况，并评估玉米在不同氮水平(0、80和160 kg hm -2)下的生长情况。fisiologica成熟估计总干物质(dm)、粮食产量(RG)及其部件。此外，还进行了经济分析。采用生物肥料和氮的施用，根据所使用的基因型，增加了dm、RG及其成分的产量。Michoacan-21在MS和RG中使用生物肥料有积极的效果。在HS-2基因型中，施氮量最高的是承诺施氮量，施氮量最高的是承诺施氮量和施氮量，净产量和总产量最高。
{"title":"Rentabilidad y rendimiento de tres genotipos de maíz en respuesta al biofertilizante y nitrógeno, en clima templado","authors":"Cid Aguilar Carpio, J. A. S. Escalante Estrada, Immer Aguilar Mariscal, Nestor Jorge Rojas Victoria","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1603","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la producción de materia seca total, rendimiento de grano, sus componentes y rentabilidad en tres genotipos de maíz en respuesta al nitrógeno y biofertilizante, en clima templado. El estudio se estableció en Montecillo, Estado de México. Los tratamientos consistieron en la siembra del maíz criollo Michoacán 21, una variedad sintética HS-2 y el híbrido Promesa, los cuales fueron inoculados con biofertilizantes, en diferentes niveles de nitrógeno 0, 80 y 160 kg ha-1. A madurez fisiologica se evaluó la materia seca total (MS), rendimiento de grano (RG) y sus componentes. Adicionalmente, se realizó un análisis económico. La aplicación de biofertilizante y nitrógeno ocasionó incrementos en la producción de MS, RG y sus componentes en función del genotipo utilizado. Michoacan-21 presento un efecto positivo con el uso de biofertilizante en la MS y RG. En general, la mayor MS se logró con la aplicación de 160 kg ha-1 de nitrógeno en el genotipo HS-2 y en el caso del RG el más alto fue con Promesa y nitrógeno a 160 kg ha-1, el cual presentó el mayor ingreso neto y total.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47718944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1616
K. G. Martinez-Robinson, Alfredo Martínez-Inzunza, Sarai Rochín-Wong, Rosalva Josefina Rodríguez Córdova, S. R. Vasquez-Garcia, Daniel Fernández-Quiroz
This work describes the obtention of chitin and chitosan from the brown shrimp exoskeleton (Farfentepenaeus californiensis), which is collected from the Gulf of California. The chitin isolation process was carried out by a consecutive treatment that includes demineralization and deproteinization. On the other hand, the preparation of chitosan was conducted through alkaline hydrolysis, and the product was purified by using a membrane filters series to homogenize the size of the macromolecular chains. According to the methodology, the yield of chitin and chitosan was around 34 % and 20 % (dry weight), respectively. The materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Also, the chitosan sample was analyzed by proximal test, viscometric-average molecular weight, and deacetylation degree. The products exhibited chemical structure and physicochemical properties comparable to biopolymers isolated from similar sources reported in the literature. Chitosan was found to have a degree of acetylation of 15.87 % (by 1H-NMR analysis) and Mv=170 kDa. The results suggest that the chitinous waste from the Sea of Cortes coast can be considered a promising source for the preparation of chitosan and used for several applications in the region.
{"title":"Estudio Fisicoquímico de Quitina y Quitosana obtenidas a partir del exoesqueleto de camarón café (Farfantepenaeus californiensis)","authors":"K. G. Martinez-Robinson, Alfredo Martínez-Inzunza, Sarai Rochín-Wong, Rosalva Josefina Rodríguez Córdova, S. R. Vasquez-Garcia, Daniel Fernández-Quiroz","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1616","url":null,"abstract":"This work describes the obtention of chitin and chitosan from the brown shrimp exoskeleton (Farfentepenaeus californiensis), which is collected from the Gulf of California. The chitin isolation process was carried out by a consecutive treatment that includes demineralization and deproteinization. On the other hand, the preparation of chitosan was conducted through alkaline hydrolysis, and the product was purified by using a membrane filters series to homogenize the size of the macromolecular chains. According to the methodology, the yield of chitin and chitosan was around 34 % and 20 % (dry weight), respectively. The materials were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Also, the chitosan sample was analyzed by proximal test, viscometric-average molecular weight, and deacetylation degree. The products exhibited chemical structure and physicochemical properties comparable to biopolymers isolated from similar sources reported in the literature. Chitosan was found to have a degree of acetylation of 15.87 % (by 1H-NMR analysis) and Mv=170 kDa. The results suggest that the chitinous waste from the Sea of Cortes coast can be considered a promising source for the preparation of chitosan and used for several applications in the region.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43994553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aquaculture industry has currently experienced a growing interest in implementing antioxidants from natural origin in diets because the synthetic ones that have been used are associated to carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. Additionally, synthetic antioxidants have been included in such diets to prevent lipid oxidation during storage and distribution of the organisms without an approach from their health status point of view since they require micronutrients, such as bioactive compounds, mainly antioxidants. Thus, mango and roselle by-products rich in bioactive compounds were included in the aquaculture diet, assessed on their antioxidant properties and performance on tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and compared with reference and commercial diets. The results of the different experimental diets indicated that their properties increased -according to the analyses of anti-radical antioxidant activity 1,1-diphenyl-2-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of ferric ion (Fe III) and phenolic compound concentration- with the inclusion of the by-products included as novel inputs. With respect to the zootechnical parameters assessed, no differences were found, so no negative effect was considered during feeding with the novel functional diet. Therefore, the potential use of the assessed by-products in commercial diets is inferred, suggesting assessment during the fattening stages of the species under commercial rearing conditions.
{"title":"Evaluación de una dieta antioxidante para tilapia Oreochromis niloticus con inclusion de subproducto de mango y jamaica","authors":"Andrés Concepción Brindis, Edgar Iván Jiménez Ruiz, María Teresa Sumaya Martínez, Jesús Ernesto Rincones López, Leticia Mónica Sánchez Herrera, Viridiana Peraza Gómez, Raquel Enedina- Medina Carrillo, Milton Spanopoulos Hernández","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1583","url":null,"abstract":"The aquaculture industry has currently experienced a growing interest in implementing antioxidants from natural origin in diets because the synthetic ones that have been used are associated to carcinogenic and teratogenic effects. Additionally, synthetic antioxidants have been included in such diets to prevent lipid oxidation during storage and distribution of the organisms without an approach from their health status point of view since they require micronutrients, such as bioactive compounds, mainly antioxidants. Thus, mango and roselle by-products rich in bioactive compounds were included in the aquaculture diet, assessed on their antioxidant properties and performance on tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, and compared with reference and commercial diets. The results of the different experimental diets indicated that their properties increased -according to the analyses of anti-radical antioxidant activity 1,1-diphenyl-2-pricrylhydrazyl (DPPH●) ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of ferric ion (Fe III) and phenolic compound concentration- with the inclusion of the by-products included as novel inputs. With respect to the zootechnical parameters assessed, no differences were found, so no negative effect was considered during feeding with the novel functional diet. Therefore, the potential use of the assessed by-products in commercial diets is inferred, suggesting assessment during the fattening stages of the species under commercial rearing conditions.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42821080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1453
Gabriela Aguilar-Hernández, L. G. Zepeda-Vallejo, Ma. de Lourdes García-Magaña, Ulises López-García, Selene Aguilera-Aguirre, E. Montalvo-González
El objetivo fue evaluar la extracción de acetogeninas (ACGs) de semillas de guanábana usando diferentes disolventes, métodos y número de extracciones. El trabajo se desarrolló en cuatro ensayos. En el primer ensayo se evaluaron siete disolventes (metanol, acetato de etilo, diclorometano, cloroformo, éter dietílico, hexano, y éter de petróleo) para extraer ACGs de semillas mediante extracción asistida con ultrasonido (EAU). En el segundo ensayo se comparó la EAU, método soxhlet y disolventes, para obtener ACGs de semillas desengrasadas. En el tercer ensayo se evaluó el efecto del disolvente y número de extracciones con EAU, sobre el contenido de ACGs en endospermo desengrasado. En el cuarto ensayo, se identificaron ACGs. Se observó una mayor presencia de ACGs en los extractos de semillas completas sin desengrasar, con metanol y acetato de etilo. La EAU extrajo más ACGs a partir de la semilla completa desengrasada. Sin embargo, usando el endospermo desengrasado, EAU y cinco extracciones con metanol por 50 min cada una, se obtuvo el mayor contenido de ACGs (25.14 mg/g base seca). Se identificaron dos ACGs (annonacina, y pseudoannonacina) en proporción 73:27. Estas últimas condiciones, son una alternativa para aumentar el rendimiento de extracción de ACGs de semillas de A. muricata.
{"title":"Contenido de acetogeninas a partir de semillas del fruto de guanábana (Annona muricata L.): Evaluación de diferentes condiciones de extracción","authors":"Gabriela Aguilar-Hernández, L. G. Zepeda-Vallejo, Ma. de Lourdes García-Magaña, Ulises López-García, Selene Aguilera-Aguirre, E. Montalvo-González","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1453","url":null,"abstract":"El objetivo fue evaluar la extracción de acetogeninas (ACGs) de semillas de guanábana usando diferentes disolventes, métodos y número de extracciones. El trabajo se desarrolló en cuatro ensayos. En el primer ensayo se evaluaron siete disolventes (metanol, acetato de etilo, diclorometano, cloroformo, éter dietílico, hexano, y éter de petróleo) para extraer ACGs de semillas mediante extracción asistida con ultrasonido (EAU). En el segundo ensayo se comparó la EAU, método soxhlet y disolventes, para obtener ACGs de semillas desengrasadas. En el tercer ensayo se evaluó el efecto del disolvente y número de extracciones con EAU, sobre el contenido de ACGs en endospermo desengrasado. En el cuarto ensayo, se identificaron ACGs. Se observó una mayor presencia de ACGs en los extractos de semillas completas sin desengrasar, con metanol y acetato de etilo. La EAU extrajo más ACGs a partir de la semilla completa desengrasada. Sin embargo, usando el endospermo desengrasado, EAU y cinco extracciones con metanol por 50 min cada una, se obtuvo el mayor contenido de ACGs (25.14 mg/g base seca). Se identificaron dos ACGs (annonacina, y pseudoannonacina) en proporción 73:27. Estas últimas condiciones, son una alternativa para aumentar el rendimiento de extracción de ACGs de semillas de A. muricata.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-31DOI: 10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1384
Carmen Ivet Mendoza Bacilio, Ruiz Epifanio Gómez, Alejandro Yam Puc, Luz Patricia Avila Caballero, Francisco Palemón Alberto, Felix Torres Guzmán, Jorge Bello Martínez
Honey is mainly composed of glucose and fructose between 80 and 85 %, which come from the nectar collected by the bees; therefore, it is considered a great caloric source. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of color, on chemical composition and bioactive properties of polyfloral honey collected in different geographical regions of Guerrero state, Mexico. The honey samples were from the 2018 harvest and honeys were analyzed to determine their total phenolic and flavonoids content, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The phenolic and flavonoids content varied considerably, and the highest values were obtained for dark amber honeys. Similarly, dark amber honeys showed higher antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity was more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria; also, results indicated that fungi were less susceptible than bacteria. A positive correlation between color and antioxidant capacity was found. Correlation existed also between color vs phenolics content, vs flavonoid content or between phenolic vs flavonoid. Principal component analysis (PCA) on bioactive results was a useful tool to characterize different types of honey based on the variables of each group in relation to the similarity between the samples.
{"title":"Influencia del color en compuestos fenólicos y propiedades bioactivas de la miel de Guerrero, México","authors":"Carmen Ivet Mendoza Bacilio, Ruiz Epifanio Gómez, Alejandro Yam Puc, Luz Patricia Avila Caballero, Francisco Palemón Alberto, Felix Torres Guzmán, Jorge Bello Martínez","doi":"10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v24i2.1384","url":null,"abstract":"Honey is mainly composed of glucose and fructose between 80 and 85 %, which come from the nectar collected by the bees; therefore, it is considered a great caloric source. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of color, on chemical composition and bioactive properties of polyfloral honey collected in different geographical regions of Guerrero state, Mexico. The honey samples were from the 2018 harvest and honeys were analyzed to determine their total phenolic and flavonoids content, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The phenolic and flavonoids content varied considerably, and the highest values were obtained for dark amber honeys. Similarly, dark amber honeys showed higher antioxidant activity. The antibacterial activity was more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria; also, results indicated that fungi were less susceptible than bacteria. A positive correlation between color and antioxidant capacity was found. Correlation existed also between color vs phenolics content, vs flavonoid content or between phenolic vs flavonoid. Principal component analysis (PCA) on bioactive results was a useful tool to characterize different types of honey based on the variables of each group in relation to the similarity between the samples.","PeriodicalId":8876,"journal":{"name":"Biotecnia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49286811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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