Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.47-52
Elias Adikwu, J. Kemelayefa, Winifred Ocheiga
Medication use during pregnancy is challenging due to the occurrence of maternal or fetal toxicities. Atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) has hepatotoxic potential hence; use in pregnant patients living with human immunodeficiency virus may cause maternal hepatotoxicity. This study assessed the liver profile of ATV/r in pregnant albino rats. Thirty pregnant albino rats randomized into groups were orally treated daily with ATV/r (4.28/1.43 mg/kg-34.3/11.4 mg/kg) for 16 days. After treatment, the rats were weighed and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and examined for serum biochemical parameters. Liver samples were weighed and assessed for biochemical and histological changes. Body and liver weights were normal (p>0.05) in ATV/r-treated pregnant rats when compared to control. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.01) elevated whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly (p<0.01) decreased in rats treated with ATV/r (34.3/11.4 mg/kg) when compared to control. Liver and serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin levels were significantly increased in a dose-dependent fashion in rats treated with ATV/r; 8.57/2.86 mg/kg (p<0.05), 17.1/5.72 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 34.3/11.4 mg/kg (p<0.001) when compared to control. Liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly decreased whereas malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in a dose-dependent fashion in rats treated with ATV/r; 8.57/2.86 mg/kg (p<0.05), 17.1/5.72 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 34.3/11.4 mg/kg (p<0.001) when compared to control. Necrotic hepatocytes were observed at higher doses of ATV/r. ATV/r may not be hepatotoxic in pregnant women living with HIV at the clinical dose.
{"title":"Liver Profile of Atazanavir/Ritonavir in Pregnant Albino Rats","authors":"Elias Adikwu, J. Kemelayefa, Winifred Ocheiga","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.47-52","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.47-52","url":null,"abstract":"Medication use during pregnancy is challenging due to the occurrence of maternal or fetal toxicities. Atazanavir/ritonavir (ATV/r) has hepatotoxic potential hence; use in pregnant patients living with human immunodeficiency virus may cause maternal hepatotoxicity. This study assessed the liver profile of ATV/r in pregnant albino rats. Thirty pregnant albino rats randomized into groups were orally treated daily with ATV/r (4.28/1.43 mg/kg-34.3/11.4 mg/kg) for 16 days. After treatment, the rats were weighed and sacrificed. Blood samples were collected and examined for serum biochemical parameters. Liver samples were weighed and assessed for biochemical and histological changes. Body and liver weights were normal (p>0.05) in ATV/r-treated pregnant rats when compared to control. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and blood glucose levels were significantly (p<0.01) elevated whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly (p<0.01) decreased in rats treated with ATV/r (34.3/11.4 mg/kg) when compared to control. Liver and serum aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, and conjugated bilirubin levels were significantly increased in a dose-dependent fashion in rats treated with ATV/r; 8.57/2.86 mg/kg (p<0.05), 17.1/5.72 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 34.3/11.4 mg/kg (p<0.001) when compared to control. Liver superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly decreased whereas malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in a dose-dependent fashion in rats treated with ATV/r; 8.57/2.86 mg/kg (p<0.05), 17.1/5.72 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 34.3/11.4 mg/kg (p<0.001) when compared to control. Necrotic hepatocytes were observed at higher doses of ATV/r. ATV/r may not be hepatotoxic in pregnant women living with HIV at the clinical dose.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77672013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.37-40
Hikmah Supriyati, Rakhmiyati Rakhmiyati, Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi
Sharks are sea water fishes belong to the class Chondrichthyes, Subclass Elasmobranchii. Sharks are cartilaginous fish that have a different osmoregulation process than any other sea water fish. Cartilaginous fish is the only vertebrate that can maintain urea. This study aims to determine the anatomical and histological structure of the kidney in the anterior, medial and posterior parts of kidney. The study was conducted by observing anatomy of the kidney. Histological preparations were made using the paraffin method. Qualitative descriptive data analysis was done. Research results show that shark kidneys consist of three parts, namely the head kidney, the body kidney, and the tail kidney. Kidney sharks are brownish red with a size of 18 cm long. Histological observations of shark kidney in the head kidney reveals many glomerulus, body kidney reveals many distal and tubule proximal contractile tubules whereas tail kidney reveals stroma that is rarely found in vertebrate kidney.
{"title":"Anatomical and Histological Study of Shark (Carcharhinus sorrah) Kidney","authors":"Hikmah Supriyati, Rakhmiyati Rakhmiyati, Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.37-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.37-40","url":null,"abstract":"Sharks are sea water fishes belong to the class Chondrichthyes, Subclass Elasmobranchii. Sharks are cartilaginous fish that have a different osmoregulation process than any other sea water fish. Cartilaginous fish is the only vertebrate that can maintain urea. This study aims to determine the anatomical and histological structure of the kidney in the anterior, medial and posterior parts of kidney. The study was conducted by observing anatomy of the kidney. Histological preparations were made using the paraffin method. Qualitative descriptive data analysis was done. Research results show that shark kidneys consist of three parts, namely the head kidney, the body kidney, and the tail kidney. Kidney sharks are brownish red with a size of 18 cm long. Histological observations of shark kidney in the head kidney reveals many glomerulus, body kidney reveals many distal and tubule proximal contractile tubules whereas tail kidney reveals stroma that is rarely found in vertebrate kidney.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88004072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.33-36
Sutriyono Sutriyono, Muhammad Rodham Robbina, M. Z. Ndii
Wet cupping therapy is a simple, cheap, and effective alternative medical treatment. In China wet cupping therapy become a formal treatment in the hospital. 14 centuries ago Prophet Muhammad implemented wet cupping therapy or hejamah as a curing treatment and become sunnah for muslim. Today in a modern world, many studies proved the advantages of wet cupping therapy, which is a sunnah since 14 centuries ago. The aims of this study were to measure the effects of wet cupping therapy treatment on blood pressure, blood glucose, uric acid, and total cholesterol level. 21 participants were treated with hejamah/wet cupping, blood pressure and blood samples were collected from all the participants one week before and one week after hejamah. Blood pressure, either systolic or diastolic was significantly decreased following therapy (p|<|0.05), blood glucose had a slight decreased but not significant (p|>|0.05). uric acid and total cholesterol level was also significantly decreased following therapy (p|<|0.05). With only just one time treatment, hejamah had a significant effects on blood pressure, uric acid and total cholesterol level, that is proved the advantages of hejamah.
{"title":"The Effects of Wet Cupping Therapy in Blood Pressure, Glucose, Uric Acid and Total Cholesterol Levels","authors":"Sutriyono Sutriyono, Muhammad Rodham Robbina, M. Z. Ndii","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.33-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.33-36","url":null,"abstract":"Wet cupping therapy is a simple, cheap, and effective alternative medical treatment. In China wet cupping therapy become a formal treatment in the hospital. 14 centuries ago Prophet Muhammad implemented wet cupping therapy or hejamah as a curing treatment and become sunnah for muslim. Today in a modern world, many studies proved the advantages of wet cupping therapy, which is a sunnah since 14 centuries ago. The aims of this study were to measure the effects of wet cupping therapy treatment on blood pressure, blood glucose, uric acid, and total cholesterol level. 21 participants were treated with hejamah/wet cupping, blood pressure and blood samples were collected from all the participants one week before and one week after hejamah. Blood pressure, either systolic or diastolic was significantly decreased following therapy (p|<|0.05), blood glucose had a slight decreased but not significant (p|>|0.05). uric acid and total cholesterol level was also significantly decreased following therapy (p|<|0.05). With only just one time treatment, hejamah had a significant effects on blood pressure, uric acid and total cholesterol level, that is proved the advantages of hejamah.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90337000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.41-45
Elias Adikwu, E. Nelson
The concurrent use of tramadol and diclofenac may increase hepatotoxic risk due to their individual hepatotoxic effects. This study assessed the hepatotoxic effect of tramadol-diclofenac administration in albino rats. Twenty-four adult male albino rats (200-220g) randomized into four groups were orally administered with tramadol (12mg/kg/day), diclofenac (6mg/kg/day) and tramadol-diclofenac for 14 days respectively. The rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected and evaluated for serum liver function and lipid parameters. Liver samples were weighed and evaluated for biochemical parameters and histology. The effects of tramadol-diclofenac on the body and liver weights did not differ significantly (p>0.05) when compared to control. Also, effects were not significant (p>0.05) on blood glucose, and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared to control. Liver and serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma–glutamyl transferase, conjugated bilirubin and total bilirubin increased significantly in rats treated with tramadol (p<0.05), diclofenac (p<0.01) and tramadol-diclofenac (p<0.001) when compared to control. Furthermore, significant decreases in liver catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase levels with significant increases in malondialdehyde levels occurred in rats treated with tramadol (p<0.05), diclofenac (p<0.01) and tramadol-diclofenac (p<0.001) when compared to control. Hepatocyte necrosis was observed in rats treated with tramadol-diclofenac. Tramadol-diclofenac may increase hepatotoxic risk at doses used for this study.
{"title":"Hepatotoxic Assessment of Tramadol-Diclofenac Use: A Study in a Rat Model","authors":"Elias Adikwu, E. Nelson","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.41-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.82.41-45","url":null,"abstract":"The concurrent use of tramadol and diclofenac may increase hepatotoxic risk due to their individual hepatotoxic effects. This study assessed the hepatotoxic effect of tramadol-diclofenac administration in albino rats. Twenty-four adult male albino rats (200-220g) randomized into four groups were orally administered with tramadol (12mg/kg/day), diclofenac (6mg/kg/day) and tramadol-diclofenac for 14 days respectively. The rats were anesthetized, blood samples were collected and evaluated for serum liver function and lipid parameters. Liver samples were weighed and evaluated for biochemical parameters and histology. The effects of tramadol-diclofenac on the body and liver weights did not differ significantly (p>0.05) when compared to control. Also, effects were not significant (p>0.05) on blood glucose, and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels when compared to control. Liver and serum levels of aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma–glutamyl transferase, conjugated bilirubin and total bilirubin increased significantly in rats treated with tramadol (p<0.05), diclofenac (p<0.01) and tramadol-diclofenac (p<0.001) when compared to control. Furthermore, significant decreases in liver catalase, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase levels with significant increases in malondialdehyde levels occurred in rats treated with tramadol (p<0.05), diclofenac (p<0.01) and tramadol-diclofenac (p<0.001) when compared to control. Hepatocyte necrosis was observed in rats treated with tramadol-diclofenac. Tramadol-diclofenac may increase hepatotoxic risk at doses used for this study.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82479647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.1-6
Asma Ulhusna Shaimi, W. Aasim, H. Abdullah, T. S. Choon, A. Wei, Z. Ismail
Neurosteroids have been identified in the 1981. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is one of the vital neurosteroids that de novo synthesized in the nervous system from cholesterol precursor (Baulieu & Robel, 1998). The aim of the study is to develop a method for fluorescence labelling. Alexa Fluor 488 dye with DHEAS antibody can binds the DHEAS antibody in the rat brain monitored by Cellvizio Lab System. DHEAS antibody (IgG isotype antibodies) was fluorescently conjugated by an amine-reactive compound, Alexa Fluor 5-SDP ester 488 dye. The resultant Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated antibodies were collected and analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument. The absorbance of the protein-dye conjugate at 280 nm and 494 nm were measured. Then, the degree of labeling (DOL) was calculated to achieve the desired results. Fluorescence labelling were carried out into the CA1 region of hippocampus Sprague-Dawley rat. We reported that the conjugation was successful. Optimal labeling depending on degree of labeling (DOL) needs some necessity to achieve and effective binding to the target neurosteroid, DHEAS. Cellvizio Lab system connected with Fiber Fluorescence Microscopy (FFM) probe is presented as a new approach in real-time imaging of DHEAS. In conclusion, we have developed a new method of DHEAS-Alexa Fluor fluorescence labelling to visualize and evaluate the changes of DHEAS fluorescence level in the rat hippocampus. This novel approach as a diagnostic tool and can be used to better understand the mechanisms and functions of DHEAS and other neurosteroids in future research.
{"title":"Novel Approaches for Detection Fluorescent-Labeled by Cellvizio Lab System on Hippocampal CA1 Region","authors":"Asma Ulhusna Shaimi, W. Aasim, H. Abdullah, T. S. Choon, A. Wei, Z. Ismail","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.1-6","url":null,"abstract":"Neurosteroids have been identified in the 1981. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) is one of the vital neurosteroids that de novo synthesized in the nervous system from cholesterol precursor (Baulieu & Robel, 1998). The aim of the study is to develop a method for fluorescence labelling. Alexa Fluor 488 dye with DHEAS antibody can binds the DHEAS antibody in the rat brain monitored by Cellvizio Lab System. DHEAS antibody (IgG isotype antibodies) was fluorescently conjugated by an amine-reactive compound, Alexa Fluor 5-SDP ester 488 dye. The resultant Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated antibodies were collected and analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer instrument. The absorbance of the protein-dye conjugate at 280 nm and 494 nm were measured. Then, the degree of labeling (DOL) was calculated to achieve the desired results. Fluorescence labelling were carried out into the CA1 region of hippocampus Sprague-Dawley rat. We reported that the conjugation was successful. Optimal labeling depending on degree of labeling (DOL) needs some necessity to achieve and effective binding to the target neurosteroid, DHEAS. Cellvizio Lab system connected with Fiber Fluorescence Microscopy (FFM) probe is presented as a new approach in real-time imaging of DHEAS. In conclusion, we have developed a new method of DHEAS-Alexa Fluor fluorescence labelling to visualize and evaluate the changes of DHEAS fluorescence level in the rat hippocampus. This novel approach as a diagnostic tool and can be used to better understand the mechanisms and functions of DHEAS and other neurosteroids in future research.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75360688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.11-15
M. Murtono, M. Z. Ndii, S. Sugiyanto
Cervical cancer is a malignant disease that causes problems in women's health, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Cervical cancer cells will develop quickly, uncontrollably, and will continue to divide and then infiltrate the surrounding tissue and continue to spread to connective tissue, blood, and attack important organs and spinal nerves. The aim of the research is to study the mathematical model of cervical cancer by chemotherapy treatment. The results of this study are that cervical cancer treatment using chemotherapy is effective enough to kill abnormal cells such as infected cells, pre-cancerous cells and cancer cells, although there are side effects, namely the killing of normal cells due to chemotherapy drugs.
{"title":"Mathematical Model of Cervical Cancer Treatment Using Chemotherapy Drug","authors":"M. Murtono, M. Z. Ndii, S. Sugiyanto","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.11-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.11-15","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is a malignant disease that causes problems in women's health, especially in developing countries such as Indonesia. Cervical cancer cells will develop quickly, uncontrollably, and will continue to divide and then infiltrate the surrounding tissue and continue to spread to connective tissue, blood, and attack important organs and spinal nerves. The aim of the research is to study the mathematical model of cervical cancer by chemotherapy treatment. The results of this study are that cervical cancer treatment using chemotherapy is effective enough to kill abnormal cells such as infected cells, pre-cancerous cells and cancer cells, although there are side effects, namely the killing of normal cells due to chemotherapy drugs.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80040647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.7-10
S. Sugiyanto, Luqyana Khalda, M. Z. Ndii
Habbatussauda is one of the traditional medicine existed since a long time ago and this is one of the drugs that recommended by the Prophet Muhammad. Habbatussauda’s benefits have been studied extensively in the healthcare. Habbatussauda has also been widely used to cure various diseases. This study revealed the benefits of Habbatussauda in lowering blood pressure, glucose and uric acid levels in 20 respondents that given Habbatussauda for 2 weeks. The blood pressure, glucose and uric acid levels were measured before and after consuming Habbatussauda. Blood pressure, glucose, and uric acid levels in the body will decrease after consuming Habbatussauda that shown in the statistical analysis of the obtained data.
{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Habbatussauda’s Benefits for Health (Blood Pressure, Glucose and Uric Acid)","authors":"S. Sugiyanto, Luqyana Khalda, M. Z. Ndii","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.7-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.7-10","url":null,"abstract":"Habbatussauda is one of the traditional medicine existed since a long time ago and this is one of the drugs that recommended by the Prophet Muhammad. Habbatussauda’s benefits have been studied extensively in the healthcare. Habbatussauda has also been widely used to cure various diseases. This study revealed the benefits of Habbatussauda in lowering blood pressure, glucose and uric acid levels in 20 respondents that given Habbatussauda for 2 weeks. The blood pressure, glucose and uric acid levels were measured before and after consuming Habbatussauda. Blood pressure, glucose, and uric acid levels in the body will decrease after consuming Habbatussauda that shown in the statistical analysis of the obtained data.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86951949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-01DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.17-21
Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi, Nyoman Puniawati Soesilo
Teaching skeletal system would be more attractive using real/preserved specimen compared to those using only book. The aim of the research was to develop clearing and staining method of animal skeleton specimen using Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue as teaching aid tool. The specimen were eviscerated, fixed, stained, cleared, and keep in glycerine solution. The spesimen will increase effectiveness in elementary school science teaching and learning.
{"title":"A Simple Method for Clearing and Staining Specimens for The Demonstration of Animal Skeleton","authors":"Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi, Nyoman Puniawati Soesilo","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.17-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.17-21","url":null,"abstract":"Teaching skeletal system would be more attractive using real/preserved specimen compared to those using only book. The aim of the research was to develop clearing and staining method of animal skeleton specimen using Alizarin Red S-Alcian Blue as teaching aid tool. The specimen were eviscerated, fixed, stained, cleared, and keep in glycerine solution. The spesimen will increase effectiveness in elementary school science teaching and learning.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85189291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Echinoderms are one of marine invertebrate animals that have an important role, as a recycle of nutrients in the functioning of ecosystems. Echinoderms usually appear in the intertidal zone of the coast. The existence of echinoderms in the intertidal zone is affected by external and internal factors. This study aims to determine the level of abundance and diversity of Echinoderms in the intertidal zone in the Krakal and Drini coastal areas, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Data were collected using transect method. The main transect along 50 meters was divided into 5 sampling points, and the distance between sampling points was 10 meters. After that, each point was taken for 3 observation plots with an area of 1x1 meters and the distance between plots is 5 meters. The results showed that, the diversity index on the krakal coast had a higher value (0.139) when compared to the Drini coast (0.129). Calculation of echinonderm abundance index shows that the Drini beach location has a high abundance value when compared to the abundance value at the Krakal beach loc ation. The parameter measurement results can be seen that both the pH and temperature parameters on both the Krakal and Drini coast have values that correspond to the optimum parameter in the waters.
{"title":"Echinoderms Diversity and Abundance in Gunung Kidul Beach Yogyakarta","authors":"Hikmah Supriyati, Setyawati Dwi K, Ahzami Ahzami, Farhani Sodiq, Septiana Khoiriyah","doi":"10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.23-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2019.81.23-26","url":null,"abstract":"Echinoderms are one of marine invertebrate animals that have an important role, as a recycle of nutrients in the functioning of ecosystems. Echinoderms usually appear in the intertidal zone of the coast. The existence of echinoderms in the intertidal zone is affected by external and internal factors. This study aims to determine the level of abundance and diversity of Echinoderms in the intertidal zone in the Krakal and Drini coastal areas, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Data were collected using transect method. The main transect along 50 meters was divided into 5 sampling points, and the distance between sampling points was 10 meters. After that, each point was taken for 3 observation plots with an area of 1x1 meters and the distance between plots is 5 meters. The results showed that, the diversity index on the krakal coast had a higher value (0.139) when compared to the Drini coast (0.129). Calculation of echinonderm abundance index shows that the Drini beach location has a high abundance value when compared to the abundance value at the Krakal beach loc ation. The parameter measurement results can be seen that both the pH and temperature parameters on both the Krakal and Drini coast have values that correspond to the optimum parameter in the waters.","PeriodicalId":8882,"journal":{"name":"Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86212264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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