YORIS SAIBA, ANTONI UNGIRWALU, AGUSTINUS MURDJOKO, FRANCIS Q. BREARLEY, MARIANA H. PEDAY, RINA NELLY YOWEI, CHRISTIAN SOLEMAN IMBURI, YUBELINCE Y. RUNTUBOI, DONY ARISTONE DJITMAU, SITI HALIMATUS SA'DIYAH
Abstract. Saiba Y, Ungirwalu A, Murdjoko A, Brearley FQ, Peday MH, Yowei RN, Imburi CS, Runtuboi YY, Djitmau DA, Sa'diyah SH. 2023. Ethnobotany and conservation applications in the Noken making by the Sougb Tribe of West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4577-4583. Documenting local ecological knowledge is critical for understanding complex ecological-cultural interactions to protect indigenous community entities. Woven baskets known as Noken have been part of Papuan indigenous culture for centuries, yet ethnobotanical aspects of Noken making remain poorly understood. Hence, this study describes Noken-making from an ethnobotanical perspective. We acquired ethnoecological knowledge by interviewing respondents who were actively involved in the production of Noken. The results revealed that the Sougb Tribe (from South Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia) utilized pineapple as a primary material for weaving and other natural materials as dyes, with this process undertaken mainly by women. We also document the Sougb Tribe's adaptation and continuous interaction with their dynamic environment that has evolved during Noken's making. Moreover, the recommendation to conserve Noken preserves biocultural diversity and habitats for key plant species. Since Noken has played an essential part in shaping the Sougb Tribe's cultural identity, conserving the use of Noken will aid in preserving the habitats of plants used as materials for Noken. In the future, the provincial government should assist habitat biocultural conservation by granting tribes customary forest status to facilitate plant habitat protection in line with the sustainable development agenda of West Papua Province.
{"title":"Ethnobotany and conservation applications in the Noken making by the Sougb Tribe of West Papua, Indonesia","authors":"YORIS SAIBA, ANTONI UNGIRWALU, AGUSTINUS MURDJOKO, FRANCIS Q. BREARLEY, MARIANA H. PEDAY, RINA NELLY YOWEI, CHRISTIAN SOLEMAN IMBURI, YUBELINCE Y. RUNTUBOI, DONY ARISTONE DJITMAU, SITI HALIMATUS SA'DIYAH","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240861","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Saiba Y, Ungirwalu A, Murdjoko A, Brearley FQ, Peday MH, Yowei RN, Imburi CS, Runtuboi YY, Djitmau DA, Sa'diyah SH. 2023. Ethnobotany and conservation applications in the Noken making by the Sougb Tribe of West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4577-4583. Documenting local ecological knowledge is critical for understanding complex ecological-cultural interactions to protect indigenous community entities. Woven baskets known as Noken have been part of Papuan indigenous culture for centuries, yet ethnobotanical aspects of Noken making remain poorly understood. Hence, this study describes Noken-making from an ethnobotanical perspective. We acquired ethnoecological knowledge by interviewing respondents who were actively involved in the production of Noken. The results revealed that the Sougb Tribe (from South Manokwari District, West Papua, Indonesia) utilized pineapple as a primary material for weaving and other natural materials as dyes, with this process undertaken mainly by women. We also document the Sougb Tribe's adaptation and continuous interaction with their dynamic environment that has evolved during Noken's making. Moreover, the recommendation to conserve Noken preserves biocultural diversity and habitats for key plant species. Since Noken has played an essential part in shaping the Sougb Tribe's cultural identity, conserving the use of Noken will aid in preserving the habitats of plants used as materials for Noken. In the future, the provincial government should assist habitat biocultural conservation by granting tribes customary forest status to facilitate plant habitat protection in line with the sustainable development agenda of West Papua Province.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135303367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MEDHI DENISA ALINDA, ABDUL KARIM, BAGUS H. KUSUMA PUTRA, ERY WIDAYATI, M. YULIANTO LISTIAWAN, DINAR ADRIATY, ISWAHYUDI ISWAHYUDI, PUPUT ADE WAHYUNINGTYAS, CITA ROSITA PRAKOESWA
Abstract. Adriaty D, Alinda MD, Karim A, Putra BHK, Agusni RI, Iswahyudi, Wahyuningtyas PA, Wahyuni R, Widayati E, Listiawan MY, Prakoeswa CR. 2023. Analysis Mycobacterium lepromatosis as the causative agent of diffuse lepromatous leprosy patient in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4521-4529. The present investigation deals with identifying, besides clinical signs, both microscopically and molecularly, to clearly differentiate the Mycobacterium lepromatosis genome against Mycobacterium leprae so that treatment can be carried out properly. To date, there has yet to be a report on this discovery in Indonesia. A 53-year-old Javanese man had ulceration on both legs that had been reoccurring in the past two years. Some of the ulcers were preceded by blisters that rapidly turned into a wound. The ulcers were described as wide and deep, covered with blackish crusts and some exudative areas with irregular edges. He had a history of recurrent epistaxis and had never been treated for leprosy. There was rapid progression and the development of new ulcers on his legs and hands for two weeks before hospitalization. There was body weakness, no fever, and the skin was shiny and ichthyosiform. On the face, diffuse infiltration will appear without nodules, and madarosis also occurs. Examination in this study used the BTA examination method, histopathological examination with HE and Wade-fite staining with biopsy material and the PCR method using skin slit smear material. The results of the BTA examination showed that BI was 3+, and MI showed 7%. Histopathology showed thinning of the epidermis with many foam cells containing BTA, including endnotes and perivascular tissues. Nested PCR examination with LERF2-MLER4 primers for detecting M. leprae showed a positive result with amplicon 135bp in size. Advanced PCR examination using LPMF2-MLER4 primers for detecting M. lepromatosis also showed a positive result with amplicons 142bp in size. The result of DNA sequencing was consistent with the order of nucleotides of M. lepromatosis. Based on the clinical and histopathological results, it was consistent with diffuse lepromatous leprosy and Lucio’s phenomenon. The DNA sequencing showed a suitable result with M. lepromatosis, which has been reported in Mexico. Thus, it can be concluded that in biomolecular strain, this bacterium is an M. lepromatosis that has never been reported in Indonesia.
摘要Adriaty D, Alinda MD, Karim A, Putra BHK, Agusni RI, Iswahyudi, Wahyuningtyas PA, Wahyuni R, Widayati E, Listiawan MY, Prakoeswa CR. 2023。印度尼西亚弥漫性麻风患者致病菌为麻风分枝杆菌病分析。生物多样性24:4521-4529。除了临床症状外，目前的调查还涉及在显微镜和分子上识别，以明确区分麻风分枝杆菌病基因组与麻风分枝杆菌，以便能够适当地进行治疗。到目前为止，还没有关于印尼这一发现的报道。一名53岁的爪哇男子双腿溃疡，在过去两年中反复出现。有些溃疡之前会出现水泡，很快就会变成伤口。溃疡宽而深，被黑色结痂覆盖，边缘不规则渗出。他有反复出血史，从未接受过麻风病治疗。住院前两周，他的腿和手上出现了新的溃疡，病情迅速恶化。身体虚弱，没有发烧，皮肤有光泽，呈鱼鳞状。面部无结节，可见弥漫性浸润，也可发生骨质疏松。本研究采用BTA检查法，活检材料HE和wade -fit染色的组织病理学检查，皮肤裂隙涂片材料PCR法。BTA检查显示BI为3+，MI为7%。组织病理学显示表皮变薄，含有BTA的泡沫细胞增多，包括尾注和维管周围组织。用LERF2-MLER4引物嵌套PCR检测麻风分枝杆菌，扩增子大小为135bp，阳性。利用LPMF2-MLER4引物检测麻风分枝杆菌的高级PCR检测也显示扩增片段大小为142bp的阳性结果。DNA测序结果与麻风支原体核苷酸序列一致。临床及组织病理学结果符合弥漫性麻风及Lucio现象。DNA测序结果与墨西哥报道的麻风支原体病相符。因此，可以得出结论，在生物分子菌株中，该细菌是印度尼西亚从未报告过的麻风分枝杆菌病。
{"title":"Analysis Mycobacterium lepromatosis as the causative agent of diffuse lepromatous leprosy patient in Indonesia","authors":"MEDHI DENISA ALINDA, ABDUL KARIM, BAGUS H. KUSUMA PUTRA, ERY WIDAYATI, M. YULIANTO LISTIAWAN, DINAR ADRIATY, ISWAHYUDI ISWAHYUDI, PUPUT ADE WAHYUNINGTYAS, CITA ROSITA PRAKOESWA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240854","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Adriaty D, Alinda MD, Karim A, Putra BHK, Agusni RI, Iswahyudi, Wahyuningtyas PA, Wahyuni R, Widayati E, Listiawan MY, Prakoeswa CR. 2023. Analysis Mycobacterium lepromatosis as the causative agent of diffuse lepromatous leprosy patient in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4521-4529. The present investigation deals with identifying, besides clinical signs, both microscopically and molecularly, to clearly differentiate the Mycobacterium lepromatosis genome against Mycobacterium leprae so that treatment can be carried out properly. To date, there has yet to be a report on this discovery in Indonesia. A 53-year-old Javanese man had ulceration on both legs that had been reoccurring in the past two years. Some of the ulcers were preceded by blisters that rapidly turned into a wound. The ulcers were described as wide and deep, covered with blackish crusts and some exudative areas with irregular edges. He had a history of recurrent epistaxis and had never been treated for leprosy. There was rapid progression and the development of new ulcers on his legs and hands for two weeks before hospitalization. There was body weakness, no fever, and the skin was shiny and ichthyosiform. On the face, diffuse infiltration will appear without nodules, and madarosis also occurs. Examination in this study used the BTA examination method, histopathological examination with HE and Wade-fite staining with biopsy material and the PCR method using skin slit smear material. The results of the BTA examination showed that BI was 3+, and MI showed 7%. Histopathology showed thinning of the epidermis with many foam cells containing BTA, including endnotes and perivascular tissues. Nested PCR examination with LERF2-MLER4 primers for detecting M. leprae showed a positive result with amplicon 135bp in size. Advanced PCR examination using LPMF2-MLER4 primers for detecting M. lepromatosis also showed a positive result with amplicons 142bp in size. The result of DNA sequencing was consistent with the order of nucleotides of M. lepromatosis. Based on the clinical and histopathological results, it was consistent with diffuse lepromatous leprosy and Lucio’s phenomenon. The DNA sequencing showed a suitable result with M. lepromatosis, which has been reported in Mexico. Thus, it can be concluded that in biomolecular strain, this bacterium is an M. lepromatosis that has never been reported in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABDEL HAKIM HADJ MOUSSA, FOUZIA BENALIOUCHE, IBTISSEM SBARTAI, HANA SBARTAI
Abstract. Hadj Moussa AH, Benaliouche F, Sbartai I, Sbartai H. 2023. Biological activities and chemical characterization of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil from Seraïdi, Northeastern Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 4535-4543. The objectives of this study are to examine the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) extracted by hydrodistillation from the flowering tops of dry lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) harvested in the town of Seraïdi in Northeastern Algeria and evaluate its antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant potential. The chemical analysis of this essential oil was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by dilution method in solid and liquid medium, and the antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH° radical scavenging assay. It revealed the presence of 20 compounds representing the general component of this oil with a yield of 1.71%. This oil is composed mainly of Linalool (31.27%), followed by Camphor (16.21%), Linalool Oxide (11.98%), and Linalyl Acetate (11.93%). Other constituents were identified at relatively medium [2-Furarmethanol (7.49%), 1,8-Cineole/eucalyptol (6.76%), Borneol (5.34%)] and low contents [1-Hexyl butyrate (1.25%)]. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of lavender EO against Fusarium roseum were 3000 µg/mL and 4000 µg/mL, respectively. Lavender OE had moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas savastanoi. The antioxidant activity of lavender EO was lower than that of vitamin C.
{"title":"Biological activities and chemical characterization of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil from Seraïdi, Northeastern Algeria","authors":"ABDEL HAKIM HADJ MOUSSA, FOUZIA BENALIOUCHE, IBTISSEM SBARTAI, HANA SBARTAI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240856","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Hadj Moussa AH, Benaliouche F, Sbartai I, Sbartai H. 2023. Biological activities and chemical characterization of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil from Seraïdi, Northeastern Algeria. Biodiversitas 24: 4535-4543. The objectives of this study are to examine the chemical composition of essential oil (EO) extracted by hydrodistillation from the flowering tops of dry lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) harvested in the town of Seraïdi in Northeastern Algeria and evaluate its antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant potential. The chemical analysis of this essential oil was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by dilution method in solid and liquid medium, and the antioxidant activity was carried out using the DPPH° radical scavenging assay. It revealed the presence of 20 compounds representing the general component of this oil with a yield of 1.71%. This oil is composed mainly of Linalool (31.27%), followed by Camphor (16.21%), Linalool Oxide (11.98%), and Linalyl Acetate (11.93%). Other constituents were identified at relatively medium [2-Furarmethanol (7.49%), 1,8-Cineole/eucalyptol (6.76%), Borneol (5.34%)] and low contents [1-Hexyl butyrate (1.25%)]. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of lavender EO against Fusarium roseum were 3000 µg/mL and 4000 µg/mL, respectively. Lavender OE had moderate antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas savastanoi. The antioxidant activity of lavender EO was lower than that of vitamin C.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUBENO SUBENO, SATYAWAN PUDYATMOKO, MUHAMMAD ALI IMRON, TRI SATYA MASTUTI WIDI
Abstract. Subeno, Pudyatmoko S, Imron MA, Widi TSM. 2023. Site assessment for a small-scale Javan rusa (Rusa timorensis) captive breeding in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4568-4576. Javan deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville, 1822) is a protected wild animal with high potential economic value; captive breeding can be done to avoid extinction and sustainably utilize it. Most land ownership by rural communities in Indonesia is less than 5 ha; therefore, it is essential to design small-scale captive breeding, which local people can adopt to meet economic isxadwnterests and species conservation. We assessed a site part of the Perum Perhutani area in East Java dedicated to developing captive breeding models. Assessment is an essential consideration in exploring location feasibility and designing optimal allocation of available space; data collection on bio-physical conditions used nested sampling, circular plots, and profile diagrams. Feed availability is obtained by identifying the grass type and calculating its productivity. The collected data were then analyzed and compared with the needs of the Javan deer. The selected location was then made a captive design for space allocation based on the management and basic needs of the Javan deer. The results showed that the location at RPH (Resort Pemangkuan Hutan=Forest Management Resorts) Malo (Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia) could be declared feasible to be developed as a Javan deer breeding area. The captive site design is mini ranching; this captive design consists of the breeding/management and office blocks.
{"title":"Site assessment for a small-scale Javan rusa (Rusa timorensis) captive breeding in East Java, Indonesia","authors":"SUBENO SUBENO, SATYAWAN PUDYATMOKO, MUHAMMAD ALI IMRON, TRI SATYA MASTUTI WIDI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240860","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Subeno, Pudyatmoko S, Imron MA, Widi TSM. 2023. Site assessment for a small-scale Javan rusa (Rusa timorensis) captive breeding in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4568-4576. Javan deer (Rusa timorensis Blainville, 1822) is a protected wild animal with high potential economic value; captive breeding can be done to avoid extinction and sustainably utilize it. Most land ownership by rural communities in Indonesia is less than 5 ha; therefore, it is essential to design small-scale captive breeding, which local people can adopt to meet economic isxadwnterests and species conservation. We assessed a site part of the Perum Perhutani area in East Java dedicated to developing captive breeding models. Assessment is an essential consideration in exploring location feasibility and designing optimal allocation of available space; data collection on bio-physical conditions used nested sampling, circular plots, and profile diagrams. Feed availability is obtained by identifying the grass type and calculating its productivity. The collected data were then analyzed and compared with the needs of the Javan deer. The selected location was then made a captive design for space allocation based on the management and basic needs of the Javan deer. The results showed that the location at RPH (Resort Pemangkuan Hutan=Forest Management Resorts) Malo (Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia) could be declared feasible to be developed as a Javan deer breeding area. The captive site design is mini ranching; this captive design consists of the breeding/management and office blocks.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135485899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
IBRAHIM NUR AMIN, KHAIRUDIN NURUL FATHIAH, NIZAM NUR ‘ALIYAA, MOHAMMAD NASER NUR BADRINA, MD YUSOF NUR NADIAH, KAMARUDIN SITI HASNAH, MOHD ZAZI NORHAFIZAH, MOHD HATTA SITI KHAIRIYAH
Abstract. Amin IN, Fathiah KN, ‘Aliyaa NN, Badrina MNN, Nadiah MYN, Hasnah KS, Norhafizah MZ, Khairiyah MHS. 2023. Diversity and spatial distribution of Order Diptera from Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 4668-4674. A study on the diversity and distribution of order Diptera was conducted in different Kuala Keniam National Park, Malaysia landscapes. Three malaise traps were placed in three landscapes: the forest fringe, middle forest, and inner forest. A total of 1920 Diptera were recorded from 19 families and 109 morphospecies of order Diptera. Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae, Pipunculidae, Scenopinidae, Ulidiidae, Tephritidae, Ceratopogonidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Syrphidae, Tipulidae, Ephydridae, Cecidomyiidae, Dolichopodidae, Phoridae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Sciaridae, and Drosophilidae were the identified families. The family with the highest number of individuals collected was Phoridae, with 89 individuals (5 morphospecies) collected from the forest fringe, followed by 271 individuals (6 morphospecies) from the middle forest and 697 individuals from the inner forest (7 morphospecies). Pipunculidae had the least collected individuals, with only one in the inner forest. The forest fringe recorded the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (2.13), followed by the middle forest (1.68) and the inner forest (1.04). The forest fringe also recorded the highest Evenness Index and Margalef Richness Index with 0.44 and 3.16, respectively. The distribution of Diptera differed significantly along the environment gradients from the forest fringe to the inner forest (p<0.05), and the pairwise comparison showed that the difference comes from Trap 2 and Trap 3 (p<0.001). The forest fringe was more diversified than the middle and the inner forest, even though the number of individuals was low. Vegetation types and sunlight might be the reasons behind this discovery. The results from this study can be used as baseline data for future reference on the diversity of Diptera from the forest reserve.
{"title":"Diversity and spatial distribution of Order Diptera from Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia","authors":"IBRAHIM NUR AMIN, KHAIRUDIN NURUL FATHIAH, NIZAM NUR ‘ALIYAA, MOHAMMAD NASER NUR BADRINA, MD YUSOF NUR NADIAH, KAMARUDIN SITI HASNAH, MOHD ZAZI NORHAFIZAH, MOHD HATTA SITI KHAIRIYAH","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240848","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Amin IN, Fathiah KN, ‘Aliyaa NN, Badrina MNN, Nadiah MYN, Hasnah KS, Norhafizah MZ, Khairiyah MHS. 2023. Diversity and spatial distribution of Order Diptera from Kuala Keniam National Park, Pahang, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 4668-4674. A study on the diversity and distribution of order Diptera was conducted in different Kuala Keniam National Park, Malaysia landscapes. Three malaise traps were placed in three landscapes: the forest fringe, middle forest, and inner forest. A total of 1920 Diptera were recorded from 19 families and 109 morphospecies of order Diptera. Anthomyiidae, Calliphoridae, Pipunculidae, Scenopinidae, Ulidiidae, Tephritidae, Ceratopogonidae, Stratiomyidae, Asilidae, Syrphidae, Tipulidae, Ephydridae, Cecidomyiidae, Dolichopodidae, Phoridae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Sciaridae, and Drosophilidae were the identified families. The family with the highest number of individuals collected was Phoridae, with 89 individuals (5 morphospecies) collected from the forest fringe, followed by 271 individuals (6 morphospecies) from the middle forest and 697 individuals from the inner forest (7 morphospecies). Pipunculidae had the least collected individuals, with only one in the inner forest. The forest fringe recorded the highest Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (2.13), followed by the middle forest (1.68) and the inner forest (1.04). The forest fringe also recorded the highest Evenness Index and Margalef Richness Index with 0.44 and 3.16, respectively. The distribution of Diptera differed significantly along the environment gradients from the forest fringe to the inner forest (p<0.05), and the pairwise comparison showed that the difference comes from Trap 2 and Trap 3 (p<0.001). The forest fringe was more diversified than the middle and the inner forest, even though the number of individuals was low. Vegetation types and sunlight might be the reasons behind this discovery. The results from this study can be used as baseline data for future reference on the diversity of Diptera from the forest reserve.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E.E. IKROMOV, A.E. KUCHBOEV, E.F. IKROMOV, N. SÜMER, H.S. YILDIRIMHAN, O.O. AMIROV, B. ZHUMABEKOVA
Abstract. Ikromov EE, Kuchboev AE, Ikromov EF, Sümer N, Yildirimhan HS, Amirov OO, Zhumabekova B. 2023. Morphological and molecular characteristics of the species Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 4609-4616. In studies on the helminth fauna of amphibians conducted by numerous researchers, two species of the genus Cosmocerca, namely Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845) Diesing, 1861 and C. commutata (Diesing, 1851), have emerged as the most common and extensively studied. This paper elucidates the morphology and molecular characteristics of two nematode species, Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata, found in the intestines of Pelophylax sp. and Bufotes pewzowi in the Ferghana Valley of Uzbekistan. The captured amphibians were individually kept in plastic bags with water and vegetation until the examination. It is the first record of B. pewzowi as a host for both species C. commutata and C. ornata. Standard methods were used for the fixation and processing of nematodes. These nematodes ?orphologically differ in body size, relative length of spicules and gubernaculum (C. commutata has twice the length of gubernaculum and spicules compared to C. ornata), shape and number of plectanes (C. commutata has 8 pairs of plectans and 4 pairs of caudal papillae, while C. ornata has 5 pairs of plectanes and 3 pairs of caudal papillae), and tail morphology and length. The morphological evidence supports that C. commutata and C. ornata commonly parasitize anurans in Uzbekistan. This study provides molecular data of both species and their sequences differed by 1.5% (6 bp) in the ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 region. Each species of them formed a well-supported clade in the phylogenetic tree. Our findings contribute to the comprehension of species and genetic diversity of the genus Cosmocerca in Uzbekistan.
{"title":"Morphological and molecular characteristics of the species Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Uzbekistan","authors":"E.E. IKROMOV, A.E. KUCHBOEV, E.F. IKROMOV, N. SÜMER, H.S. YILDIRIMHAN, O.O. AMIROV, B. ZHUMABEKOVA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240843","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Ikromov EE, Kuchboev AE, Ikromov EF, Sümer N, Yildirimhan HS, Amirov OO, Zhumabekova B. 2023. Morphological and molecular characteristics of the species Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24: 4609-4616. In studies on the helminth fauna of amphibians conducted by numerous researchers, two species of the genus Cosmocerca, namely Cosmocerca ornata (Dujardin, 1845) Diesing, 1861 and C. commutata (Diesing, 1851), have emerged as the most common and extensively studied. This paper elucidates the morphology and molecular characteristics of two nematode species, Cosmocerca commutata and C. ornata, found in the intestines of Pelophylax sp. and Bufotes pewzowi in the Ferghana Valley of Uzbekistan. The captured amphibians were individually kept in plastic bags with water and vegetation until the examination. It is the first record of B. pewzowi as a host for both species C. commutata and C. ornata. Standard methods were used for the fixation and processing of nematodes. These nematodes ?orphologically differ in body size, relative length of spicules and gubernaculum (C. commutata has twice the length of gubernaculum and spicules compared to C. ornata), shape and number of plectanes (C. commutata has 8 pairs of plectans and 4 pairs of caudal papillae, while C. ornata has 5 pairs of plectanes and 3 pairs of caudal papillae), and tail morphology and length. The morphological evidence supports that C. commutata and C. ornata commonly parasitize anurans in Uzbekistan. This study provides molecular data of both species and their sequences differed by 1.5% (6 bp) in the ITS1+5.8S+ITS2 region. Each species of them formed a well-supported clade in the phylogenetic tree. Our findings contribute to the comprehension of species and genetic diversity of the genus Cosmocerca in Uzbekistan.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Abdi AM. 2023. Applying culturomics to understand the motives behind the surrender of pet gibbons: Evidence from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4606-4616. Seven of nine gibbon (Hylobatidae) species in Indonesia are protected by national regulation with threats to habitat fragmentation and illegal trade. People persist in owning gibbons as pet animals, violating the protected species law. To date, numerous pet gibbons have been surrendered to the authorities, which could result from intensified public awareness. More targeted demand reduction campaigns may be possible with a better understanding of the motivations behind these handovers. This study aims to document gibbon surrenders by the public to authorities and the motives behind these actions. Instagram posts and online local news were collated and analyzed between 2016 and 2023, comprising information on gibbon handovers to the authorities. From the 138 posts analyzed, 161 gibbon individuals, including 6 species from Sumatra (47.2%), Kalimantan (29.8%), Java (21.7%), and Bali (1.2%) were surrendered. Since 2016, the annual number of gibbons received by authorities has steadily increased. Handover motives appear to be overwhelmingly based on legal reasons. Although regarded as ineffective in mitigating trade, law enforcement and fear of the law were the primary reasons for gibbon handovers. Therefore, publicizing successful law enforcement cases of gibbon trade in the media could deter future buyers and reduce demand.
{"title":"Applying culturomics to understand the motives behind the surrender of pet gibbons: Evidence from Indonesia","authors":"AFRIZAL MAULANA ABDI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240865","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Abdi AM. 2023. Applying culturomics to understand the motives behind the surrender of pet gibbons: Evidence from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4606-4616. Seven of nine gibbon (Hylobatidae) species in Indonesia are protected by national regulation with threats to habitat fragmentation and illegal trade. People persist in owning gibbons as pet animals, violating the protected species law. To date, numerous pet gibbons have been surrendered to the authorities, which could result from intensified public awareness. More targeted demand reduction campaigns may be possible with a better understanding of the motivations behind these handovers. This study aims to document gibbon surrenders by the public to authorities and the motives behind these actions. Instagram posts and online local news were collated and analyzed between 2016 and 2023, comprising information on gibbon handovers to the authorities. From the 138 posts analyzed, 161 gibbon individuals, including 6 species from Sumatra (47.2%), Kalimantan (29.8%), Java (21.7%), and Bali (1.2%) were surrendered. Since 2016, the annual number of gibbons received by authorities has steadily increased. Handover motives appear to be overwhelmingly based on legal reasons. Although regarded as ineffective in mitigating trade, law enforcement and fear of the law were the primary reasons for gibbon handovers. Therefore, publicizing successful law enforcement cases of gibbon trade in the media could deter future buyers and reduce demand.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134971732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MASYUDI MASYUDI, ANITA NOVIYANTI, MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN, SALFAUQI NURMAN, JAILANI JAILANI, ARMI ARMI, T. M. RAFSANJANI, SAID USMAN, MUHAMMAD HANAFIAH, MARLINA MARLINA
Abstract. Masyudi, Noviyanti A, Ridhwan M, Nurman S, Jailani, Armi, Rafsanjani TM, Usman S, Hanafiah M, Marlina. 2023. Antibacterial activity of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4584-4589. Blumea balsamifera L. has long been used as traditional medicine by communities in Aceh, Indonesia and from various parts of the world. For generations, this plant has been believed to have properties to cure various diseases. The results of the GCMS analysis of B. balsamifera leaf from Aceh-Indonesia in the previous study contain various compounds for wound healing, including borneol, jasmoline, camphor, and caryophyllene. The present study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of B. balsamifera leaves from Aceh. The sample was taken from the village of Gunongpulo, South Aceh-Indonesia, and the extraction process was carried out using three different types of solvents: ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Three variations of the extract obtained were then tested for antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by analyzing the inhibitory of each extract. The results showed that the inhibition zone formed on S. aureus against ethanol extract was 2.4 mm, ethyl extract was 9.2 mm, and n-hexane extract was 2.3 mm. In comparison, the inhibition zone formed on P. aeruginosa against ethanol extract was 0 mm, ethyl extract was 9 mm, and n-hexane extract was 4.9 mm. Conclusion: B. balsamifera leaf extract from Aceh contains antibacterial, with the highest inhibition against S. aureus at 9.2 mm and Pseudomonas at 9.0 mm. It is recommended that in the process of extracting B. balsamifera leaves by maceration, the best solvent used is ethyl acetate.
摘要Masyudi, Noviyanti A, Ridhwan M, Nurman S, Jailani, Armi, Rafsanjani TM, Usman S, Hanafiah M, Marlina. 2023。印度尼西亚亚齐省苦瓜叶提取物抑菌活性研究。生物多样性，24:4584-4589。蓝花凤仙花(Blumea balsamifera L.)长期以来一直被印度尼西亚亚齐和世界各地的社区用作传统药物。几代人以来，这种植物一直被认为有治疗各种疾病的功效。前期研究中对印尼亚齐地区的香茅叶进行GCMS分析，结果显示其含有多种具有伤口愈合作用的化合物，包括冰片、茉莉素、樟脑、石竹烯等。本研究旨在分析亚齐省苦瓜叶的抑菌活性。样品取自印度尼西亚南亚齐的Gunongpulo村，提取过程使用了三种不同类型的溶剂:乙醇、乙酸乙酯和正己烷。通过分析不同提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的抑菌作用，对不同提取物进行抑菌试验。结果表明，乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌形成的抑制带为2.4 mm，乙基提取物为9.2 mm，正己烷提取物为2.3 mm。相比之下，P. aeruginosa对乙醇提取物形成的抑制区为0 mm，乙基提取物为9 mm，正己烷提取物为4.9 mm。结论:亚齐苦香叶提取物具有抗菌作用，对金黄色葡萄球菌和假单胞菌的抑制作用分别为9.2 mm和9.0 mm。建议浸渍法提取香茅叶的最佳溶剂为乙酸乙酯。
{"title":"Antibacterial activity of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"MASYUDI MASYUDI, ANITA NOVIYANTI, MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN, SALFAUQI NURMAN, JAILANI JAILANI, ARMI ARMI, T. M. RAFSANJANI, SAID USMAN, MUHAMMAD HANAFIAH, MARLINA MARLINA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240862","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Masyudi, Noviyanti A, Ridhwan M, Nurman S, Jailani, Armi, Rafsanjani TM, Usman S, Hanafiah M, Marlina. 2023. Antibacterial activity of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4584-4589. Blumea balsamifera L. has long been used as traditional medicine by communities in Aceh, Indonesia and from various parts of the world. For generations, this plant has been believed to have properties to cure various diseases. The results of the GCMS analysis of B. balsamifera leaf from Aceh-Indonesia in the previous study contain various compounds for wound healing, including borneol, jasmoline, camphor, and caryophyllene. The present study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of B. balsamifera leaves from Aceh. The sample was taken from the village of Gunongpulo, South Aceh-Indonesia, and the extraction process was carried out using three different types of solvents: ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Three variations of the extract obtained were then tested for antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by analyzing the inhibitory of each extract. The results showed that the inhibition zone formed on S. aureus against ethanol extract was 2.4 mm, ethyl extract was 9.2 mm, and n-hexane extract was 2.3 mm. In comparison, the inhibition zone formed on P. aeruginosa against ethanol extract was 0 mm, ethyl extract was 9 mm, and n-hexane extract was 4.9 mm. Conclusion: B. balsamifera leaf extract from Aceh contains antibacterial, with the highest inhibition against S. aureus at 9.2 mm and Pseudomonas at 9.0 mm. It is recommended that in the process of extracting B. balsamifera leaves by maceration, the best solvent used is ethyl acetate.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GREGORIO QUINTAO, MOHAMMAD UBAIDILLAH, SRI HARTATIK, RENDRYANA AULIA NUR KHOFIFA, TRI AGUS SISWOYO
Abstract. Quintao G, Ubaidillah M, Hartatik S, Khofifa RAN, Siswoyo TA. 2023. The morpho-physiological and gene expression of East Timor’s local rice plant (Oryza sativa) response to drought and salinity stress. Biodiversitas 24: 4548-4556. East Timor is rich in local rice varieties, such as Silaun, Ime Buci, Me Klan, Me Likan, Me Meak, Me Taek, and Umak Klete. These varieties are tolerant to drought and salinity stress. These superior characteristics emerge as the coping strategy of the rice plants toward environmental conditions such as mountainous, upland planting areas without irrigation networks and coastal regions with high salinity levels. This study determined the tolerance response of East Timor's local rice to drought and salinity stresses. This study was designed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor, i.e., rice varieties, consisted of 8 varieties, i.e., Silaun (V1), Ime Buci (V2), Me Klan (V3), Me Likan (V4), Me Meak (V5), Me Taek (V6), Umak Klete (V7), and IR-64 (V8) and the second factor was the abiotic stress treatments, namely no treatment or control (P0), 10% PEG treatment (P1), and 150 mM NaCl treatment (P2). The parameters observed were morpho-physiology and biochemical characteristics of the plants. The results showed that the Silaun local rice variety from East Timor was tolerant to drought and salinity, supported by the gene expressions for tolerance to drought and salinity stress.
{"title":"The morpho-physiological and gene expression of East Timor’s local rice plant (Oryza sativa) response to drought and salinity stress","authors":"GREGORIO QUINTAO, MOHAMMAD UBAIDILLAH, SRI HARTATIK, RENDRYANA AULIA NUR KHOFIFA, TRI AGUS SISWOYO","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240858","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Quintao G, Ubaidillah M, Hartatik S, Khofifa RAN, Siswoyo TA. 2023. The morpho-physiological and gene expression of East Timor’s local rice plant (Oryza sativa) response to drought and salinity stress. Biodiversitas 24: 4548-4556. East Timor is rich in local rice varieties, such as Silaun, Ime Buci, Me Klan, Me Likan, Me Meak, Me Taek, and Umak Klete. These varieties are tolerant to drought and salinity stress. These superior characteristics emerge as the coping strategy of the rice plants toward environmental conditions such as mountainous, upland planting areas without irrigation networks and coastal regions with high salinity levels. This study determined the tolerance response of East Timor's local rice to drought and salinity stresses. This study was designed in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor, i.e., rice varieties, consisted of 8 varieties, i.e., Silaun (V1), Ime Buci (V2), Me Klan (V3), Me Likan (V4), Me Meak (V5), Me Taek (V6), Umak Klete (V7), and IR-64 (V8) and the second factor was the abiotic stress treatments, namely no treatment or control (P0), 10% PEG treatment (P1), and 150 mM NaCl treatment (P2). The parameters observed were morpho-physiology and biochemical characteristics of the plants. The results showed that the Silaun local rice variety from East Timor was tolerant to drought and salinity, supported by the gene expressions for tolerance to drought and salinity stress.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BONNY LANTANG, NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN, ALFA FILEP PETRUS NELWAN, MUHAMMAD FARID SAMAWI
Abstract. Lantang B, Najamuddin, Nelwan AFP, Samawi MF. 2023. Density distribution of Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888 based on habitat in the waters of Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4427-4437. The waters of Merauke District, located in the Arafura Sea area, have relatively hight penaeid resource, but prawn fishing productivity is the lowest of 11th other Indonesian fisheries management areas.. The optimization of the fishery resource utilization remains poor after the moratorium on fishing vessel licensing in 2014, which is only 11%. Hence, a study is needed to determine the resources’ distribution, abundance, and sustainability. This research aims to analyze the density distribution of banana prawn (Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888) based on the habitat type, each location separated by ~4-5 kilometers within the coastal ecosystem waters of Merauke District. The research was carried out from March to August 2022. Data were collected within each habitat: the catch, prawn fishing equipment, and oceanographic parameters, and then analyses were undertaken using statistical tests. The results showed that the highest density of banana prawn was obtained in shallow waters adjacent to the mangrove habitat at Bokem (32.68 kg/km2) and Yobar (20.27 kg/km2). In waters adjacent to the sandy beach at Payum (17.98 kg/km2), the density was higher than within the estuarine habitat of Maro River (14.60 kg/km2) and adjacent to the sandy beach at Lampu Satu (14.39 kg/km2). This is due to the influx of fresh water in estuarial habitat, sandy beaches in Lampu Satu and Payum, and mangroves in Yobar, resulting in prawn emigration to areas with higher salinity in Bokem mangroves. It is also thought to be associated with increasing turbidity with a similar pattern in salinity and affecting the density of banana prawns.
{"title":"Density distribution of Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888 based on habitat in the waters of Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia","authors":"BONNY LANTANG, NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN, ALFA FILEP PETRUS NELWAN, MUHAMMAD FARID SAMAWI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240824","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Lantang B, Najamuddin, Nelwan AFP, Samawi MF. 2023. Density distribution of Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888 based on habitat in the waters of Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4427-4437. The waters of Merauke District, located in the Arafura Sea area, have relatively hight penaeid resource, but prawn fishing productivity is the lowest of 11th other Indonesian fisheries management areas.. The optimization of the fishery resource utilization remains poor after the moratorium on fishing vessel licensing in 2014, which is only 11%. Hence, a study is needed to determine the resources’ distribution, abundance, and sustainability. This research aims to analyze the density distribution of banana prawn (Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888) based on the habitat type, each location separated by ~4-5 kilometers within the coastal ecosystem waters of Merauke District. The research was carried out from March to August 2022. Data were collected within each habitat: the catch, prawn fishing equipment, and oceanographic parameters, and then analyses were undertaken using statistical tests. The results showed that the highest density of banana prawn was obtained in shallow waters adjacent to the mangrove habitat at Bokem (32.68 kg/km2) and Yobar (20.27 kg/km2). In waters adjacent to the sandy beach at Payum (17.98 kg/km2), the density was higher than within the estuarine habitat of Maro River (14.60 kg/km2) and adjacent to the sandy beach at Lampu Satu (14.39 kg/km2). This is due to the influx of fresh water in estuarial habitat, sandy beaches in Lampu Satu and Payum, and mangroves in Yobar, resulting in prawn emigration to areas with higher salinity in Bokem mangroves. It is also thought to be associated with increasing turbidity with a similar pattern in salinity and affecting the density of banana prawns.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135786973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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