ALIYAH FAHMI, SUMARYATI SYUKUR, ZULKARNAIN CHAIDIR, SRI MELIA
Abstract. Fahmi A, Syukur S, Chaidir Z, Melia S. 2023. Isolation and molecular characterization of probiotic from Sidamanik green tea (Camellia sinensis) fermentation. Biodiversitas 24: 4277-4288. The bioavailability of green tea catechins is reduced in the gastrointestinal tract because of its instability. Probiotics are expected to increase their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract.There is no any information about Sidamanik fermented green tea, either probiotics, antimicrobial activity, or probiotic species that are beneficial to health. This research aims to isolate and test the characterization of probiotics from fermented green tea. Green tea from Sidamanik Sub-district was fermented with palm sugar and forest honey with 24, 48, and 72 h variation times. The fermented green tea was tested for morphological characterization,Gram staining, catalase test, and fermentation test. Then the resistance test to bile acids and salts and the antimicrobial activitytest against three pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli Q157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, and Listeria monocytogenes CFSAN004330. Two strains were selected from this series of tests, which were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from different green tea fermented at the same fermentation time. The results indicated a positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) morphological test. The characteristics of LAB can be described as a single colony being seen with a round, smooth, yellowish-white color, and a clear zone was formed around the colony, positive Gram, negative catalase, and homofermentative. LAB strains 1.1., and 4.1 were chosen to test their antimicrobial activity because they had the best acid and salt resistance viability. Then the results of molecular identification of 16S rRNA gene found that the probiotics contained in LAB strain 1.1. was Lactobacillus plantarum Y-1 and in LAB strain 4.1 was Lacticaseibacillus paracasei HBUAS62903. This study aims to find a new product of fermented green tea that has benefits in digestive health because it contains naturally processed lactic acid bacteria, is cheaper, simpler, stable at room temperature, durable in storage, and easy to serve.
{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of probiotic from Sidamanik green tea (Camellia sinensis) fermentation","authors":"ALIYAH FAHMI, SUMARYATI SYUKUR, ZULKARNAIN CHAIDIR, SRI MELIA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240809","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fahmi A, Syukur S, Chaidir Z, Melia S. 2023. Isolation and molecular characterization of probiotic from Sidamanik green tea (Camellia sinensis) fermentation. Biodiversitas 24: 4277-4288. The bioavailability of green tea catechins is reduced in the gastrointestinal tract because of its instability. Probiotics are expected to increase their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract.There is no any information about Sidamanik fermented green tea, either probiotics, antimicrobial activity, or probiotic species that are beneficial to health. This research aims to isolate and test the characterization of probiotics from fermented green tea. Green tea from Sidamanik Sub-district was fermented with palm sugar and forest honey with 24, 48, and 72 h variation times. The fermented green tea was tested for morphological characterization,Gram staining, catalase test, and fermentation test. Then the resistance test to bile acids and salts and the antimicrobial activitytest against three pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli Q157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, and Listeria monocytogenes CFSAN004330. Two strains were selected from this series of tests, which were identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from different green tea fermented at the same fermentation time. The results indicated a positive lactic acid bacteria (LAB) morphological test. The characteristics of LAB can be described as a single colony being seen with a round, smooth, yellowish-white color, and a clear zone was formed around the colony, positive Gram, negative catalase, and homofermentative. LAB strains 1.1., and 4.1 were chosen to test their antimicrobial activity because they had the best acid and salt resistance viability. Then the results of molecular identification of 16S rRNA gene found that the probiotics contained in LAB strain 1.1. was Lactobacillus plantarum Y-1 and in LAB strain 4.1 was Lacticaseibacillus paracasei HBUAS62903. This study aims to find a new product of fermented green tea that has benefits in digestive health because it contains naturally processed lactic acid bacteria, is cheaper, simpler, stable at room temperature, durable in storage, and easy to serve.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Sufaati S, Suharno, Agustini V, Suwannasai N. 2023. New records of the diversity of Scleroderma spp. from Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4269-4276. Papuan forest is one of the highest diversity tropical rainforests in the world. However, in some areas it is undergoing in process of land degradation. Reforestation using local plant inoculated with native mycorrhiza may have better results since they will be more adaptable. Mycorrhiza helps in plant nutrient uptake and ameliorates heavy metals in mining areas. Genus Scleroderma is a group of ectomycorrhiza that can be found at early stage of succession. However, to date there has been little study on its taxonomy. This study was conducted to construct the database on the diversity of Scleroderma spp. in Papua, Indonesia. Samples were collected from several areas in the provinces of Papua and West Papua from 2003 to 2022. Morphological characters and its habitat were observed. The results show, that 23 isolates had been documented. Molecular identification using ITS sequences was used to confirm the Scleroderma to the species level. The results found at least 3 species of Scleroderma, namely: Scleroderma suthepense, S. xanthochroum, and S. sinnamariense were identified based on morphological and molecular analysis, while S. citrinum was identified morphologically. This finding provides new data on the distribution of Sclerodermataceae in Papua. The results of this preliminary study are important for selecting native Scleroderma spp. for inoculation programs in degraded land.
{"title":"New records of the diversity of Scleroderma spp. from Papua, Indonesia","authors":"SUPENI SUFAATI, SUHARNO SUHARNO, VERENA AGUSTINI, NUTTIKA SUWANNASAI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240808","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sufaati S, Suharno, Agustini V, Suwannasai N. 2023. New records of the diversity of Scleroderma spp. from Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4269-4276. Papuan forest is one of the highest diversity tropical rainforests in the world. However, in some areas it is undergoing in process of land degradation. Reforestation using local plant inoculated with native mycorrhiza may have better results since they will be more adaptable. Mycorrhiza helps in plant nutrient uptake and ameliorates heavy metals in mining areas. Genus Scleroderma is a group of ectomycorrhiza that can be found at early stage of succession. However, to date there has been little study on its taxonomy. This study was conducted to construct the database on the diversity of Scleroderma spp. in Papua, Indonesia. Samples were collected from several areas in the provinces of Papua and West Papua from 2003 to 2022. Morphological characters and its habitat were observed. The results show, that 23 isolates had been documented. Molecular identification using ITS sequences was used to confirm the Scleroderma to the species level. The results found at least 3 species of Scleroderma, namely: Scleroderma suthepense, S. xanthochroum, and S. sinnamariense were identified based on morphological and molecular analysis, while S. citrinum was identified morphologically. This finding provides new data on the distribution of Sclerodermataceae in Papua. The results of this preliminary study are important for selecting native Scleroderma spp. for inoculation programs in degraded land.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Yurasbe NQ, Din NA, Palaniveloo K, Manikam S, Nagappan T. 2023. Phytochemical diversity and biological activities of Curcuma species from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 4243-4252. Zingiberaceae has been associated with traditional medicine for centuries. The genus Curcuma is traditionally famous and economically important for its therapeutic and nutritional values. Over 50 genera of 1600 species are recorded worldwide, with the highest concentration in the Malesian region, including Indonesia, Borneo, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. We investigated the methanolic crude extracts of Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma caesia, Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Curcuma zedoaria from Terengganu for their phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC) using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, total flavonoid content (TFC) using aluminum chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrezyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and toxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, glycosides, lignins, and oils in all species investigated. Curcuma longa extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content with the value of 155.31±1.78 mg GAE/g and 151±8.35 mg quercetin/g, respectively as well as best antioxidative potential with IC50 value of 88.65±0.6 mg/mL, followed by C. zedoaria (98.61±5.23 mg/mL), C. aeruginosa (142.51±3.29 mg/mL), C. xanthorrhiza (150.01±0.63 mg/mL) and C. caesia (156.4±0.67 mg/mL). Curcuma caesia displays the lowest degree of toxicity compared to the other species, with the LC50 value of 11585 mg/mL) considered non-cytotoxic. Hence, the selected Curcuma species has potential therapeutic value to be developed into pharmaceutical due to its significant bioactive potentials and potent antioxidant capacity.
{"title":"Phytochemical diversity and biological activities of Curcuma species from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"NUR QISTINA YURASBE, NURUL ATHIFAH DIN, KISHNETH PALANIVELOO, SASHIKALA MANIKAM, THILAHGAVANI NAGAPPAN","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240805","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Yurasbe NQ, Din NA, Palaniveloo K, Manikam S, Nagappan T. 2023. Phytochemical diversity and biological activities of Curcuma species from the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 4243-4252. Zingiberaceae has been associated with traditional medicine for centuries. The genus Curcuma is traditionally famous and economically important for its therapeutic and nutritional values. Over 50 genera of 1600 species are recorded worldwide, with the highest concentration in the Malesian region, including Indonesia, Borneo, Thailand, Malaysia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. We investigated the methanolic crude extracts of Curcuma aeruginosa, Curcuma caesia, Curcuma longa, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, and Curcuma zedoaria from Terengganu for their phytochemicals, total phenolic content (TPC) using Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method, total flavonoid content (TFC) using aluminum chloride colorimetric method, antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrezyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and toxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Phytochemical screening revealed alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids, glycosides, lignins, and oils in all species investigated. Curcuma longa extract had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content with the value of 155.31±1.78 mg GAE/g and 151±8.35 mg quercetin/g, respectively as well as best antioxidative potential with IC50 value of 88.65±0.6 mg/mL, followed by C. zedoaria (98.61±5.23 mg/mL), C. aeruginosa (142.51±3.29 mg/mL), C. xanthorrhiza (150.01±0.63 mg/mL) and C. caesia (156.4±0.67 mg/mL). Curcuma caesia displays the lowest degree of toxicity compared to the other species, with the LC50 value of 11585 mg/mL) considered non-cytotoxic. Hence, the selected Curcuma species has potential therapeutic value to be developed into pharmaceutical due to its significant bioactive potentials and potent antioxidant capacity.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Oktiarni D, Hermansyah, Ibrahim E, Marsi, Hasanudin, Miksusanti, Yanto DHY, Rahmani N, Kasmiarti G. 2023. Short Communication: The isolation of Klebsiella variicola’s cellulase from Macrotermes gilvus gut in Indralaya Peatlands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4218-4222. Termites are organisms that can inflict damage on agricultural, forest, and furniture materials. Furthermore, they can positively affect the ecosystem due to their ability to break down lignocellulose-containing materials. According to previous findings, the cellulolytic bacteria from the termite Macrotermes gilvus gut obtained in Indralaya Peatlands showed activity and hydrolyzed cellulose in a CMC agar medium. In this study, the cellulase enzymes of Klebsiella variicola isolated from Macrotermes gilvus gut showed higher cellulolytic indexes after staining with Congo red. Furthermore, the enzyme was purified and characterized using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. SDS PAGE and zymogram analysis reported a molecular mass of 20 kDa, with optimal activity at pH of 6 and temperature of 50°C.
摘要Oktiarni D, Hermansyah, Ibrahim E, Marsi, Hasanudin, Miksusanti, Yanto DHY, Rahmani N, Kasmiarti G. 2023。短通讯:从印尼因德拉亚泥炭地大白蚁肠道中分离出水痘克雷伯菌纤维素酶。生物多样性学报，24:4218-4222。白蚁是一种能对农业、森林和家具材料造成破坏的生物。此外，由于它们能够分解含有木质纤维素的材料，它们可以对生态系统产生积极影响。根据先前的研究结果，从Indralaya泥炭地获得的白蚁(Macrotermes gilvus)肠道中提取的纤维素水解细菌在CMC琼脂培养基中表现出活性并水解纤维素。本研究从巨白蚁肠道分离得到的水痘克雷伯菌纤维素酶经刚果红染色后显示出较高的纤维素分解指数。利用硫酸铵沉淀法和透析法对酶进行了纯化和表征。SDS - PAGE和酶谱分析显示该酶的分子量为20 kDa，在pH为6、温度为50℃时活性最佳。
{"title":"Short Communication: The isolation of Klebsiella variicola’s cellulase from Macrotermes gilvus gut in Indralaya Peatlands, Indonesia","authors":"DWITA OKTIARNI, HERMANSYAH HERMANSYAH, EDDY IBRAHIM, MARSI MARSI, HASANUDIN HASANUDIN, MIKSUSANTI MIKSUSANTI, DEDE HERI YULI YANTO, NANIK RAHMANI, GETARI KASMIARTI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240802","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Oktiarni D, Hermansyah, Ibrahim E, Marsi, Hasanudin, Miksusanti, Yanto DHY, Rahmani N, Kasmiarti G. 2023. Short Communication: The isolation of Klebsiella variicola’s cellulase from Macrotermes gilvus gut in Indralaya Peatlands, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4218-4222. Termites are organisms that can inflict damage on agricultural, forest, and furniture materials. Furthermore, they can positively affect the ecosystem due to their ability to break down lignocellulose-containing materials. According to previous findings, the cellulolytic bacteria from the termite Macrotermes gilvus gut obtained in Indralaya Peatlands showed activity and hydrolyzed cellulose in a CMC agar medium. In this study, the cellulase enzymes of Klebsiella variicola isolated from Macrotermes gilvus gut showed higher cellulolytic indexes after staining with Congo red. Furthermore, the enzyme was purified and characterized using ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. SDS PAGE and zymogram analysis reported a molecular mass of 20 kDa, with optimal activity at pH of 6 and temperature of 50°C.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RIRIN NUR FADHILAH, NILAM SARIRAMADHANI KOESDARYANTO, THAARIQ RIAN PRIBADY, REISHA AZZAHRA PUTRI RESTANTA, GILANG DWI NUGROHO, AHMAD YASA, PUGUH SUJARTA, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Abstract. Fadhilah RN, Koesdaryanto NS, Pribady TR, Restanta RAP, Nugroho GD, Yasa A, Sujarta P, Setyawan AD. 2023. Ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers on medicinal plants in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4223-4234. Indonesia is blessed with the world's largest biological diversity, reflected in the tens of thousands of species of plants that occur in Indonesia. This privilege benefits the community by using it in everyday life, including in the health sector. Medicinal plants have various benefits, such as relieving cough, fever, wounds, and other body system problems. Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia, is known as a center of traditional herbal medicine (Jamu), and the people in this district have used medicinal plants in the traditional medicine practiced by various healers or shamans. However, this local wisdom has not been documented scientifically. This study aims to collect data on ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers in Sukoharjo and relevant information regarding medicinal plants used by them, including the taste of the plant. The method used in this research was a combination of direct observation, field notes, and in-depth interviews with several traditional healers. The study documented that 75 species of medicinal plants belonged to 41 families dominated by the Zingiberaceae family. Most of the plant parts of the medicinal plants used are the leaf, mostly consumed by boiling, resulting in a bitter taste drink. Common diseases to cure with traditional medicinal plants include coughs, fever, flatulence, diarrhea, diabetes, menstrual pain, flu, toothache, and ulcers. The findings of this study highlight that even though modern medicine is available, people still trust traditional healers and utilize medicinal plants, which are important for preserving ethnomedicinal knowledge in a region.
{"title":"Ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers on medicinal plants in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia","authors":"RIRIN NUR FADHILAH, NILAM SARIRAMADHANI KOESDARYANTO, THAARIQ RIAN PRIBADY, REISHA AZZAHRA PUTRI RESTANTA, GILANG DWI NUGROHO, AHMAD YASA, PUGUH SUJARTA, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240803","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Fadhilah RN, Koesdaryanto NS, Pribady TR, Restanta RAP, Nugroho GD, Yasa A, Sujarta P, Setyawan AD. 2023. Ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers on medicinal plants in Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4223-4234. Indonesia is blessed with the world's largest biological diversity, reflected in the tens of thousands of species of plants that occur in Indonesia. This privilege benefits the community by using it in everyday life, including in the health sector. Medicinal plants have various benefits, such as relieving cough, fever, wounds, and other body system problems. Sukoharjo District, Central Java, Indonesia, is known as a center of traditional herbal medicine (Jamu), and the people in this district have used medicinal plants in the traditional medicine practiced by various healers or shamans. However, this local wisdom has not been documented scientifically. This study aims to collect data on ethnomedicinal knowledge of traditional healers in Sukoharjo and relevant information regarding medicinal plants used by them, including the taste of the plant. The method used in this research was a combination of direct observation, field notes, and in-depth interviews with several traditional healers. The study documented that 75 species of medicinal plants belonged to 41 families dominated by the Zingiberaceae family. Most of the plant parts of the medicinal plants used are the leaf, mostly consumed by boiling, resulting in a bitter taste drink. Common diseases to cure with traditional medicinal plants include coughs, fever, flatulence, diarrhea, diabetes, menstrual pain, flu, toothache, and ulcers. The findings of this study highlight that even though modern medicine is available, people still trust traditional healers and utilize medicinal plants, which are important for preserving ethnomedicinal knowledge in a region.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134932642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
RUDI TOMSON HUTASOIT, MUHAMMAD JIHAD, LISTIHANI LISTIHANI, DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA
Abstract. Hutasoit RT, Jihad M, Listihani L, Selangga DGW. 2023. The relationship between vector insect populations, natural enemies, and disease incidence of tungro virus during wet and dry seasons. Biodiversitas 24: 4001-4007. Tungro virus is one of the most prevalent viruses affecting rice plants. The tungro virus is frequently found in rice plantations because its green planthopper vector is always present. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the population density of green planthoppers and its natural enemies with the incidence of tungro disease during the rainy and dry seasons in Lanrang, Sidenreng Rappang, South Sulawesi. The research method employed was field monitoring of the population density of green planthoppers, natural enemies, and the incidence of tungro disease. The presence of the tungro virus was confirmed by the molecular method using RTSV and RTBV-specific primers. The results showed three types of tungro vector insects: Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, and Recilia dorsalis. Nephotettix virescens was the dominant vector insect, with the highest population in March and August of 101 and 51 individuals, respectively. During the dry season, the high population of the three vector insects in August was followed by a high incidence of tungro disease in September, reaching 29.38%. Symptoms of yellow leaves have been confirmed by molecular methods, which indicated that the infection was caused by RTSV and RTBV, as evidenced by the amplification of DNA bands measuring 787 bp and 1400 bp. Data on the population of vector insects and the incidence of tungro disease indicated the importance of determining the ideal time to plant to avoid the plant's susceptible phase during the peak vector population between March and August. The dominant natural enemies found during the observations included Araneus inustus, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Agriocnemis pygmaea, and Menochilus sexmaculatus. Increasing the population of natural enemies could suppress the population of vector insects.
{"title":"The relationship between vector insect populations, natural enemies, and disease incidence of tungro virus during wet and dry seasons","authors":"RUDI TOMSON HUTASOIT, MUHAMMAD JIHAD, LISTIHANI LISTIHANI, DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240737","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Hutasoit RT, Jihad M, Listihani L, Selangga DGW. 2023. The relationship between vector insect populations, natural enemies, and disease incidence of tungro virus during wet and dry seasons. Biodiversitas 24: 4001-4007. Tungro virus is one of the most prevalent viruses affecting rice plants. The tungro virus is frequently found in rice plantations because its green planthopper vector is always present. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the population density of green planthoppers and its natural enemies with the incidence of tungro disease during the rainy and dry seasons in Lanrang, Sidenreng Rappang, South Sulawesi. The research method employed was field monitoring of the population density of green planthoppers, natural enemies, and the incidence of tungro disease. The presence of the tungro virus was confirmed by the molecular method using RTSV and RTBV-specific primers. The results showed three types of tungro vector insects: Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, and Recilia dorsalis. Nephotettix virescens was the dominant vector insect, with the highest population in March and August of 101 and 51 individuals, respectively. During the dry season, the high population of the three vector insects in August was followed by a high incidence of tungro disease in September, reaching 29.38%. Symptoms of yellow leaves have been confirmed by molecular methods, which indicated that the infection was caused by RTSV and RTBV, as evidenced by the amplification of DNA bands measuring 787 bp and 1400 bp. Data on the population of vector insects and the incidence of tungro disease indicated the importance of determining the ideal time to plant to avoid the plant's susceptible phase during the peak vector population between March and August. The dominant natural enemies found during the observations included Araneus inustus, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Agriocnemis pygmaea, and Menochilus sexmaculatus. Increasing the population of natural enemies could suppress the population of vector insects.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135265133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
THI PHA NGUYEN, HOANG TRUC NGAN LA, TAN KHANG DO, DINH GIOI TRAN
Abstract. Nguyen TP, La HTG, Do TK, Tran DG. 2023. Polymorphic analysis of theOsHKT1;5exon 1 gene region on seasonal rice varieties with salt tolerant capacity. Biodiversitas 24: 4159-4165. In recent years, saline intrusion has caused serious damage to agricultural production in the Mekong Delta; therefore, research on salinity-tolerant rice varieties is necessary. This study was carried out to screen the salt tolerance capacity of 38 seasonal rice varieties in four concentrations of NaCl supplements, including 4‰, 6‰, 8‰, and 10‰ in comparison with IR28 and Pokkali checks according to IRRI (2021) methods. Eight rice cultivars in four levels of salinity tolerance (two varieties of each level) were selected to evaluate the nucleotide sequence polymorphism in the coding region of OsHKT1;5exon 1, comparedwith that of IR28 and Pokkali checkcultivars and Nipponbare referential variety. The results of salt tolerance screening showed that the salt concentration and the rate of reduction of plant height and root length were positively correlated. Nucleotide sequence polymorphism analysis of OsHKT1;5exon 1 indicated six nucleotide substitutions (SNP) at positions 382, 418, 551, 994, 1119, and 1152. Further analysis revealed thatfive SNPs were detected withthree missense mutations (P60A, R63H, and H255D) in salt tolerant check variety (Pokkali), three to four SNPs with one to two missense mutations H255D or P60A and H255D were observed in salt moderate tolerant varieties, while salt-sensitive varieties and sensitive check variety IR28 were observed with two SNPs and one missense mutation (H255D).
{"title":"Polymorphic analysis of the OsHKT1;5 exon 1 gene region on seasonal rice varieties with salt tolerant capacity","authors":"THI PHA NGUYEN, HOANG TRUC NGAN LA, TAN KHANG DO, DINH GIOI TRAN","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240760","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Nguyen TP, La HTG, Do TK, Tran DG. 2023. Polymorphic analysis of theOsHKT1;5exon 1 gene region on seasonal rice varieties with salt tolerant capacity. Biodiversitas 24: 4159-4165. In recent years, saline intrusion has caused serious damage to agricultural production in the Mekong Delta; therefore, research on salinity-tolerant rice varieties is necessary. This study was carried out to screen the salt tolerance capacity of 38 seasonal rice varieties in four concentrations of NaCl supplements, including 4‰, 6‰, 8‰, and 10‰ in comparison with IR28 and Pokkali checks according to IRRI (2021) methods. Eight rice cultivars in four levels of salinity tolerance (two varieties of each level) were selected to evaluate the nucleotide sequence polymorphism in the coding region of OsHKT1;5exon 1, comparedwith that of IR28 and Pokkali checkcultivars and Nipponbare referential variety. The results of salt tolerance screening showed that the salt concentration and the rate of reduction of plant height and root length were positively correlated. Nucleotide sequence polymorphism analysis of OsHKT1;5exon 1 indicated six nucleotide substitutions (SNP) at positions 382, 418, 551, 994, 1119, and 1152. Further analysis revealed thatfive SNPs were detected withthree missense mutations (P60A, R63H, and H255D) in salt tolerant check variety (Pokkali), three to four SNPs with one to two missense mutations H255D or P60A and H255D were observed in salt moderate tolerant varieties, while salt-sensitive varieties and sensitive check variety IR28 were observed with two SNPs and one missense mutation (H255D).","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135596174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Racharak P, Suttangkakul A, Vuttipongchaikij S. 2023. Comparative of the complete chloroplast genome and RNA editing of Eucalyptus camaldulensis T5 clone, an elite variety in Thailand. Biodiversitas24: 3774-3784. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, T5 clone, the excellent fast-growing tree plantation in Thailand, was analyzed for the complete chloroplast genome and RNA editing. The complete chloroplast genome revealed a total genome size of 160,204 bp that divided into a large single copy (LSC) (88,904 bp) and a small single copy region (SSC) (18,506 bp) by inverted repeat regions (IR) containing 26,397 bp. A circular mapping genome and gene order showed the circle antiparallel mapping gene of 135 genes, including 37 tRNAs, 10 rRNAs, and 1 pseudogene. GC content of the genome was 36.87%. The comparative genomes analysis between the T5 clone and E. camaldulensis from the NCBI database suggested that the thymine (T) and adenine (A) strongly impacted the indel and transversion process, which could be a point of mutation in the genome. Furthermore, 24 specific genes were used to investigate RNA editing. From all genes, only 11 genes were edited with C to U conversion.Triplet codons, tUA, tUt, tUg and Ugg were the most frequently edited codon and expressions; the crucial influence of amino acid alterations. Due to RNA editing events, the physicochemical properties of amino acids were changed from polar to nonpolar amino acids and from hydrophilic to hydrophobic amino acids. Physicochemical properties conversion is necessary to form complete amino acid sequences for several essential chloroplast proteins. The event might be the accumulation of amino acid alterations causing phenotypic variation for plant adaptation and evolution.
{"title":"Comparative of the complete chloroplast genome and RNA editing of Eucalyptus camaldulensis T5 clone, an elite variety in Thailand","authors":"PHRUET RACHARAK, ANONGPAT SUTTANGKAKUL, SUPACHAI VUTTIPONGCHAIKIJ","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240715","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Racharak P, Suttangkakul A, Vuttipongchaikij S. 2023. Comparative of the complete chloroplast genome and RNA editing of Eucalyptus camaldulensis T5 clone, an elite variety in Thailand. Biodiversitas24: 3774-3784. Eucalyptus camaldulensis, T5 clone, the excellent fast-growing tree plantation in Thailand, was analyzed for the complete chloroplast genome and RNA editing. The complete chloroplast genome revealed a total genome size of 160,204 bp that divided into a large single copy (LSC) (88,904 bp) and a small single copy region (SSC) (18,506 bp) by inverted repeat regions (IR) containing 26,397 bp. A circular mapping genome and gene order showed the circle antiparallel mapping gene of 135 genes, including 37 tRNAs, 10 rRNAs, and 1 pseudogene. GC content of the genome was 36.87%. The comparative genomes analysis between the T5 clone and E. camaldulensis from the NCBI database suggested that the thymine (T) and adenine (A) strongly impacted the indel and transversion process, which could be a point of mutation in the genome. Furthermore, 24 specific genes were used to investigate RNA editing. From all genes, only 11 genes were edited with C to U conversion.Triplet codons, tUA, tUt, tUg and Ugg were the most frequently edited codon and expressions; the crucial influence of amino acid alterations. Due to RNA editing events, the physicochemical properties of amino acids were changed from polar to nonpolar amino acids and from hydrophilic to hydrophobic amino acids. Physicochemical properties conversion is necessary to form complete amino acid sequences for several essential chloroplast proteins. The event might be the accumulation of amino acid alterations causing phenotypic variation for plant adaptation and evolution.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135745612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Sunariyati S, Decenly, Purnama AR, Agnestisia R. 2023. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Dayak Ngaju in utilizing plant species to locate gold mining in Sei Riang Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4145-4150. Indonesia is one of the richest countries in flora and cultural diversity. The strong relationship between the culture and plant diversity has developed ethnobotanical knowledge of the indigenous community, including the knowledge of the Dayak Ngaju Tribe in utilizing plant species as gold indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to inventory and identify the plant species used as gold indicators by Dayak Ngaju in Sei Riang Village, Gunung Mas District, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia using ethnobotanical study and then empirically assess the gold content in the identified plants using laboratory analysis. Ethnobotanical information was collected through in-depth interviews with 25 informants and analyzed with the Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR). Plants mentioned as gold indicators were then identified in the field. The samples of the plants were then examined by atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine gold (Aurum; Au) contents in their root, stem, and leave tissues. The data was analyzed using SPSS 25 with the Parametric Pearson Correlation test to determine the correlation and significance level of Au contents found in the plant tissues and soil. Based on the interview results, the gold miners believed that several plant species could be utilized to indicate gold’s presence in the mining area, as indicated by the value of IAR of 0.540, suggesting that 54% of the informants agreed to use the plants as the gold indicator. Two plant species were identified as gold indicators: Kasuhui (Dipterocarpus sp.) and Hara (Ficus racemosa L.). Significant positive correlations were also exhibited between Au contents in the Kasuhui stem and the Hara root and stem and the soils where they grow. This research is expected to promote the ethnobotanical knowledge of the gold miners from the Dayak Ngaju Tribe in selecting scientifically justifiable gold mining areas.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical knowledge of Dayak Ngaju in utilizing plant species to locate gold mining in Sei Riang Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia","authors":"SITI SUNARIYATI, DECENLY DECENLY, ANDI RIANG PURNAMA, RETNO AGNESTISIA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240753","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Sunariyati S, Decenly, Purnama AR, Agnestisia R. 2023. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Dayak Ngaju in utilizing plant species to locate gold mining in Sei Riang Village, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4145-4150. Indonesia is one of the richest countries in flora and cultural diversity. The strong relationship between the culture and plant diversity has developed ethnobotanical knowledge of the indigenous community, including the knowledge of the Dayak Ngaju Tribe in utilizing plant species as gold indicators. Therefore, this study aimed to inventory and identify the plant species used as gold indicators by Dayak Ngaju in Sei Riang Village, Gunung Mas District, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia using ethnobotanical study and then empirically assess the gold content in the identified plants using laboratory analysis. Ethnobotanical information was collected through in-depth interviews with 25 informants and analyzed with the Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR). Plants mentioned as gold indicators were then identified in the field. The samples of the plants were then examined by atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine gold (Aurum; Au) contents in their root, stem, and leave tissues. The data was analyzed using SPSS 25 with the Parametric Pearson Correlation test to determine the correlation and significance level of Au contents found in the plant tissues and soil. Based on the interview results, the gold miners believed that several plant species could be utilized to indicate gold’s presence in the mining area, as indicated by the value of IAR of 0.540, suggesting that 54% of the informants agreed to use the plants as the gold indicator. Two plant species were identified as gold indicators: Kasuhui (Dipterocarpus sp.) and Hara (Ficus racemosa L.). Significant positive correlations were also exhibited between Au contents in the Kasuhui stem and the Hara root and stem and the soils where they grow. This research is expected to promote the ethnobotanical knowledge of the gold miners from the Dayak Ngaju Tribe in selecting scientifically justifiable gold mining areas.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135840170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Kuncoro I, Zamani NP, Subhan B, Cahyani NKD. 2023. eDNA assessment of scleractinian diversity and distribution in Lemukutan Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4185-4191. Coral reefs are one of the most degraded and endangered tropical marine ecosystems. The study of biodiversity and its distribution is significant for biomonitoring. Lemukutan is an island that has a coral reef ecosystem with high biodiversity. This study aims to examine the biodiversity of coral species on Lemukutan Island using the Environmental DNA (eDNA) approach to survey scleractinian diversity across Lemukutan Island. Surface seawater samples were taken from five sites. eDNA sample extracted from the filter paper used for filtration Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification was performed with Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) primers, and Next Generation Sequencing was used to examine the results. The result found 2,413 Amplicon Sequence Variance (ASVs) and 275,000 reads from seawater samples from 5 sites. 87 ASVs from the eukaryotic group (146,378 reads) and 1,926 ASVs from unidentified taxa (128,622 reads) were identified. The highest phylum of eukaryotic taxa obtained was Phylum Cnidaria, with 332 ASVs (72% of the total eukaryotic ASVs) and 77,428 reads (85% of the total eukaryotic reads). There are 43 species of eukaryotes, including the Cnidaria group-based eDNA. The results show 14 species of scleractinian and different species compositions from each sampling location. In conclusion, the eDNA method has sensitive results in detecting 14 scleractinian species composition without destroying habitats and organisms. Knowledge regarding species diversity and distribution of taxa with eDNA assessment can be used as a reference in monitoring coral reef ecosystems on Lemukutan Island, Indonesia.
{"title":"eDNA assessment of scleractinian diversity and distribution in Lemukutan Island, Indonesia","authors":"IWAN KUNCORO, NEVIATY PUTRI ZAMANI, BEGINER SUBHAN, NI KADEK DITA CAHYANI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240758","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Kuncoro I, Zamani NP, Subhan B, Cahyani NKD. 2023. eDNA assessment of scleractinian diversity and distribution in Lemukutan Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4185-4191. Coral reefs are one of the most degraded and endangered tropical marine ecosystems. The study of biodiversity and its distribution is significant for biomonitoring. Lemukutan is an island that has a coral reef ecosystem with high biodiversity. This study aims to examine the biodiversity of coral species on Lemukutan Island using the Environmental DNA (eDNA) approach to survey scleractinian diversity across Lemukutan Island. Surface seawater samples were taken from five sites. eDNA sample extracted from the filter paper used for filtration Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification was performed with Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) primers, and Next Generation Sequencing was used to examine the results. The result found 2,413 Amplicon Sequence Variance (ASVs) and 275,000 reads from seawater samples from 5 sites. 87 ASVs from the eukaryotic group (146,378 reads) and 1,926 ASVs from unidentified taxa (128,622 reads) were identified. The highest phylum of eukaryotic taxa obtained was Phylum Cnidaria, with 332 ASVs (72% of the total eukaryotic ASVs) and 77,428 reads (85% of the total eukaryotic reads). There are 43 species of eukaryotes, including the Cnidaria group-based eDNA. The results show 14 species of scleractinian and different species compositions from each sampling location. In conclusion, the eDNA method has sensitive results in detecting 14 scleractinian species composition without destroying habitats and organisms. Knowledge regarding species diversity and distribution of taxa with eDNA assessment can be used as a reference in monitoring coral reef ecosystems on Lemukutan Island, Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135999022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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