Abstract. Santoso T, Paridduar R, Bintoro A. 2023. Plant diversity under traditional agroforestry system of repong damar in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4675-4683. repong damar, a traditional agroforestry system, benefits farmers and the environment; hence, it must be maintained. As a conservation endeavor and for long-term ecosystem management, repong damar's plant must be researched further. The study evaluated plant variety and composition in Pekon (Village) Pahmungan (PHG) and Pekon Negara Ratu Tenumbang (NRT) areas of Pesisir Barat Districts, Lampung Province, Indonesia, where both communities utilized repong damar for decades. The data was obtained systematically by marking 69 sample plots with sub-plots for different growth stages of 20 × 20 m for trees (S1), 10 x 10 m for poles (S2), 5 x 5 m for saplings (S3), and 2 x 2 m for seedlings (S4). A total of 56 species from 30 families were recorded in this study, which consisted of different life forms of trees (69.64%), shrubs (26.78%), and herbs (3.57%). Shorea javanica Koord. & Valet had the maximum IVI value in both study areas except for the S4 growth level. IVI values in PHM for S1, S2, and S3 were 136.41, 113.93 and 20.94, respectively. In NRT for S1, S2, and S3 were 89.25, 68.25 and 48.64, respectively. The farmers' preferences for Shorea javanica Koord and Valet are mainly caused by the fact that farmers have tapped its resin to provide their primary source of revenue, making them inherently dominant. Conversely, farmers neglecting Shorea javanica seedlings raises worries about its future viability, in addition to contemplating possible pests and diseases. Calculations of species diversity and evenness revealed moderate values and a generally even species distribution in both study areas. At the same time, Species richness calculation showed medium value and low in NRT. The three indices' values generate higher PMH ratings than NRT.
摘要张建军，张建军，张建军，等。印尼楠榜省Pesisir Barat地区传统农林业系统下的repong damar植物多样性生物多样性24:4675-4683。Repong damar是一种传统的农林复合系统，对农民和环境都有好处;因此，必须维护它。作为一项保护努力和长期的生态系统管理，必须进一步研究蓬达玛的植物。该研究评估了印度尼西亚楠榜省Pesisir Barat区的Pekon (Village) Pahmungan (PHG)和Pekon Negara Ratu Tenumbang (NRT)地区的植物品种和组成，这两个社区几十年来一直使用雷蓬达玛。系统地对69个样地进行了不同生长阶段的子样地标记，分别为树木20 × 20 m (S1)、杆10 × 10 m (S2)、树苗5 × 5 m (S3)和幼苗2 × 2 m (S4)。本研究共记录到植物30科56种，主要有乔木(69.64%)、灌木(26.78%)和草本(3.57%)。Shorea javanica Koord。,除S4生长水平外，两个研究区Valet的IVI值均最大。S1、S2和S3的PHM IVI值分别为136.41、113.93和20.94。S1、S2和S3的NRT分别为89.25、68.25和48.64。农民对Shorea javanica Koord和Valet的偏好主要是由于农民利用其树脂作为他们的主要收入来源，使他们天生占据主导地位。相反，农民们忽视了水芹幼苗，除了考虑可能出现的病虫害外，还引起了对其未来生存能力的担忧。物种多样性和均匀度的计算结果表明，两个研究区物种分布基本均匀，且数值适中。与此同时，物种丰富度计算结果显示NRT中值和低值。这三个指标值产生的PMH评级高于NRT。
{"title":"Plant diversity under traditional agroforestry system of repong damar in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province, Indonesia","authors":"TRIO SANTOSO, RENDI PARIDDUAR, AFIF BINTORO","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240849","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Santoso T, Paridduar R, Bintoro A. 2023. Plant diversity under traditional agroforestry system of repong damar in Pesisir Barat District, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4675-4683. repong damar, a traditional agroforestry system, benefits farmers and the environment; hence, it must be maintained. As a conservation endeavor and for long-term ecosystem management, repong damar's plant must be researched further. The study evaluated plant variety and composition in Pekon (Village) Pahmungan (PHG) and Pekon Negara Ratu Tenumbang (NRT) areas of Pesisir Barat Districts, Lampung Province, Indonesia, where both communities utilized repong damar for decades. The data was obtained systematically by marking 69 sample plots with sub-plots for different growth stages of 20 × 20 m for trees (S1), 10 x 10 m for poles (S2), 5 x 5 m for saplings (S3), and 2 x 2 m for seedlings (S4). A total of 56 species from 30 families were recorded in this study, which consisted of different life forms of trees (69.64%), shrubs (26.78%), and herbs (3.57%). Shorea javanica Koord. & Valet had the maximum IVI value in both study areas except for the S4 growth level. IVI values in PHM for S1, S2, and S3 were 136.41, 113.93 and 20.94, respectively. In NRT for S1, S2, and S3 were 89.25, 68.25 and 48.64, respectively. The farmers' preferences for Shorea javanica Koord and Valet are mainly caused by the fact that farmers have tapped its resin to provide their primary source of revenue, making them inherently dominant. Conversely, farmers neglecting Shorea javanica seedlings raises worries about its future viability, in addition to contemplating possible pests and diseases. Calculations of species diversity and evenness revealed moderate values and a generally even species distribution in both study areas. At the same time, Species richness calculation showed medium value and low in NRT. The three indices' values generate higher PMH ratings than NRT.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135887518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LUTHFIANA M. SYAFITRI, ARIF WIBOWO, ANI WIDIASTUTI, SITI SUBANDIYAH, STEPHEN HARPER
Abstract. Syafitri LM, Wibowo A, Widiastuti A, Subandiyah S, Harper S. 2023. Short Communication: Molecular identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on shallot in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4530-4534. Anthracnose is one of the most common diseases in shallot cultivation which contributes to cause a significant production loss in Indonesia. Morphological identification of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose in Indonesia had been described, however there is no report on the molecular identification to confirm the pathogen species. This report is conducted to reveal species of Colletotrichum causing shallot anthracnose based on specific primer for special complex of Colletotrichum. The method used in this study was sample isolation, morphological observation and molecular identification. The symptomatic leaf sample was collected from Bantul, Yogyakarta, one of Indonesia's shallot productions, to be cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Morphological identification was carried out by using macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Molecular identification of the isolated fungi was amplified using specific primers for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, CgInt and ITS4. Based on molecular identification, the pathogens were identified as C. gloeosporioides Penz, which showed 98.07% percent identity with C. gloeosporioides AJ311884.1 isolate. This study elucidated that CgInt and ITS4 primers showed as a reliable primer set to be used for Colletotrichum species complex identification. The primer set was able to differ the conserved region among some Colletotrichum spp. Therefore, it is potential to be used for molecular identification. To our best knowledge, this is the first novel report on molecular identification of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose in shallot in Indonesia.
{"title":"Short Communication: Molecular identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on shallot in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia","authors":"LUTHFIANA M. SYAFITRI, ARIF WIBOWO, ANI WIDIASTUTI, SITI SUBANDIYAH, STEPHEN HARPER","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240855","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Syafitri LM, Wibowo A, Widiastuti A, Subandiyah S, Harper S. 2023. Short Communication: Molecular identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides causing anthracnose on shallot in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4530-4534. Anthracnose is one of the most common diseases in shallot cultivation which contributes to cause a significant production loss in Indonesia. Morphological identification of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose in Indonesia had been described, however there is no report on the molecular identification to confirm the pathogen species. This report is conducted to reveal species of Colletotrichum causing shallot anthracnose based on specific primer for special complex of Colletotrichum. The method used in this study was sample isolation, morphological observation and molecular identification. The symptomatic leaf sample was collected from Bantul, Yogyakarta, one of Indonesia's shallot productions, to be cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. Morphological identification was carried out by using macroscopic and microscopic examinations. Molecular identification of the isolated fungi was amplified using specific primers for Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, CgInt and ITS4. Based on molecular identification, the pathogens were identified as C. gloeosporioides Penz, which showed 98.07% percent identity with C. gloeosporioides AJ311884.1 isolate. This study elucidated that CgInt and ITS4 primers showed as a reliable primer set to be used for Colletotrichum species complex identification. The primer set was able to differ the conserved region among some Colletotrichum spp. Therefore, it is potential to be used for molecular identification. To our best knowledge, this is the first novel report on molecular identification of C. gloeosporioides causing anthracnose in shallot in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135825296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S, Sudchaleaw S, Sungkaew S. 2023. Chromosome number of three Bambusa species (Poaceae) in northeastern communities of Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 4544-4547. Bambusa is a genus within subfamily Bambusoideae, family Poaceae. This study aimed to conduct the chromosome numbers of three Bambusa species in the northeastern Communities of Thailand. All three Bambusa species were studied with somatic chromosome numbers from root tips by squash methods. The somatic chromosome numbers, ploidy, and chromosome size in length from the root tips of three Bambusa species are provided. The somatic chromosome numbers range from 2n = 56 to 2n = 72. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss was reported as 2n = 56 with high ploidy (heptaploid or 7x), B. burmanica Gamble was reported to be 2n = 72 with high ploidy (nonaploid or 9x), and B. tuldoides Munro was investigated to be 2n = 64 with high ploidy (octaploid or 8x). The basic chromosome number of three Bambusa species studied was x=8. The chromosome numbers of B. burmanica was studied for the first time. The chromosome length of all species was very short between 0.80 µm in B. burmanica and 1.30 µm in B. bambos.
{"title":"Chromosome number of three Bambusa species (Poaceae) in northeastern communities of Thailand","authors":"PIYAPORN SAENSOUK, SURAPON SAENSOUK, SUMRUAY SUDCHALEAW, SARAWOOD SUNGKAEW","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240857","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Saensouk P, Saensouk S, Sudchaleaw S, Sungkaew S. 2023. Chromosome number of three Bambusa species (Poaceae) in northeastern communities of Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 4544-4547. Bambusa is a genus within subfamily Bambusoideae, family Poaceae. This study aimed to conduct the chromosome numbers of three Bambusa species in the northeastern Communities of Thailand. All three Bambusa species were studied with somatic chromosome numbers from root tips by squash methods. The somatic chromosome numbers, ploidy, and chromosome size in length from the root tips of three Bambusa species are provided. The somatic chromosome numbers range from 2n = 56 to 2n = 72. Bambusa bambos (L.) Voss was reported as 2n = 56 with high ploidy (heptaploid or 7x), B. burmanica Gamble was reported to be 2n = 72 with high ploidy (nonaploid or 9x), and B. tuldoides Munro was investigated to be 2n = 64 with high ploidy (octaploid or 8x). The basic chromosome number of three Bambusa species studied was x=8. The chromosome numbers of B. burmanica was studied for the first time. The chromosome length of all species was very short between 0.80 µm in B. burmanica and 1.30 µm in B. bambos.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135887522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
UUM UMIYATI, DENNY KURNIADIE, RYAN WIDIANTO, DEDI WIDAYAT, CEPPY NASAHI
Abstract. Umiyati U, Kurniadie D, Widianto R, Widayat D, Nasahi C. 2023. Resistance of Eleusine indica to non-selective herbicides in Indonesian oil palm plantation. Biodiversitas 24: 4661-4667. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of oil palm. One biological constraint that may reduce the national oil palm production is Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn (goosegrass). This weed is usually controlled chemically using non-selective herbicides, such as glyphosate, paraquat, and ammonium glufosinate. Although these herbicides are widely used, there are minimal case reports of weed resistance in Indonesia. This study aimed to map and quantify the herbicide resistance of goosegrass in Indonesian oil palm plantations. Weed mortality after herbicide application was used to determine the resistance. The study collected samples from Indonesia's six primary oil palm regions: West Sumatra, North Sumatra, Riau, Lampung, Belitung, and West Kalimantan. The sample collection process was supplemented by conducting interviews to get information on the herbicide application practices of palm oil growers. The results showed that 15 samples of goosegrass from various locations were resistant to glyphosate, 17 were resistant to paraquat, and one showed developing resistance to ammonium glufosinate. The most resistant goosegrass was found in North Sumatra, with a resistant index of 3.32 and 3.81 to glyphosate and paraquat, respectively. At the same time, the resistance to ammonium glufosinate could not be measured because the low doses of ammonium glufosinate were sufficient to control the weeds.
{"title":"Resistance of Eleusine indica to non-selective herbicides in Indonesian oil palm plantation","authors":"UUM UMIYATI, DENNY KURNIADIE, RYAN WIDIANTO, DEDI WIDAYAT, CEPPY NASAHI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240847","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Umiyati U, Kurniadie D, Widianto R, Widayat D, Nasahi C. 2023. Resistance of Eleusine indica to non-selective herbicides in Indonesian oil palm plantation. Biodiversitas 24: 4661-4667. Indonesia is the world's largest producer of oil palm. One biological constraint that may reduce the national oil palm production is Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn (goosegrass). This weed is usually controlled chemically using non-selective herbicides, such as glyphosate, paraquat, and ammonium glufosinate. Although these herbicides are widely used, there are minimal case reports of weed resistance in Indonesia. This study aimed to map and quantify the herbicide resistance of goosegrass in Indonesian oil palm plantations. Weed mortality after herbicide application was used to determine the resistance. The study collected samples from Indonesia's six primary oil palm regions: West Sumatra, North Sumatra, Riau, Lampung, Belitung, and West Kalimantan. The sample collection process was supplemented by conducting interviews to get information on the herbicide application practices of palm oil growers. The results showed that 15 samples of goosegrass from various locations were resistant to glyphosate, 17 were resistant to paraquat, and one showed developing resistance to ammonium glufosinate. The most resistant goosegrass was found in North Sumatra, with a resistant index of 3.32 and 3.81 to glyphosate and paraquat, respectively. At the same time, the resistance to ammonium glufosinate could not be measured because the low doses of ammonium glufosinate were sufficient to control the weeds.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136026022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ZIDNI MUFLIKHATI, NESTI F. SIANIPAR, MAS RIZKY A. A. SYAMSUNARNO, ANAS ANAS
Abstract. Muflikhati Z, Sianipar NF, Syamsunarno MRAA, Anas. 2023. Understanding of genes encoding bioactive compounds from potential medicinal plants in indonesia as cancer cell inhibitors. Biodiversitas 24: 4645-4660. Indonesia has abundant plant diversity and enormous potential to be developed as a source of medicinal plants due to the content of bioactive chemicals in them. Potential medicinal plants from Indonesia, such as Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto), Curcuma longa (Kunyit), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), Phyllanthus niruri (Meniran), Orthosiphon stamineus (Kumis kucing), Typhonium flagelliforme (Keladi tikus), and Zingiber officinale (Jahe), contain bioactive compounds with mechanisms that act as anticancer. Bioactive compounds with anticancer mechanisms in plants can be controlled by specific genes. Therefore, it is important to elaborate on bioactive compounds and the genes involved. This article aims to discuss the genes encoding bioactive compounds in Indonesian medicinal plants and the mechanisms that can inhibit cancer cell growth. Several genes encode anticancer compounds, such as lectin-coding genes, the stigmasterol-coding CYP710A gene, the tocopherol-coding ?-TMT gene, the fatty acid-coding FAD gene, the doxorubicin-coding DXR gene, and the chalcone synthase-coding CHS gene. These genes have mechanisms to increase the expression of several apoptosis-promoting proteins, including BCL-2 family members, in several cancer cell models. This article also describes the potential utilization and creation of molecular markers linked to genes encoding anticancer chemicals and can be used as a reference for research on medicinal plants that is still limited. Knowledge of genes encoding anticancer compounds in plants can support future research in the development of cancer drugs.
{"title":"Understanding of genes encoding bioactive compounds from potential medicinal plants in Indonesia as cancer cell inhibitors","authors":"ZIDNI MUFLIKHATI, NESTI F. SIANIPAR, MAS RIZKY A. A. SYAMSUNARNO, ANAS ANAS","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240846","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Muflikhati Z, Sianipar NF, Syamsunarno MRAA, Anas. 2023. Understanding of genes encoding bioactive compounds from potential medicinal plants in indonesia as cancer cell inhibitors. Biodiversitas 24: 4645-4660. Indonesia has abundant plant diversity and enormous potential to be developed as a source of medicinal plants due to the content of bioactive chemicals in them. Potential medicinal plants from Indonesia, such as Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto), Curcuma longa (Kunyit), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), Phyllanthus niruri (Meniran), Orthosiphon stamineus (Kumis kucing), Typhonium flagelliforme (Keladi tikus), and Zingiber officinale (Jahe), contain bioactive compounds with mechanisms that act as anticancer. Bioactive compounds with anticancer mechanisms in plants can be controlled by specific genes. Therefore, it is important to elaborate on bioactive compounds and the genes involved. This article aims to discuss the genes encoding bioactive compounds in Indonesian medicinal plants and the mechanisms that can inhibit cancer cell growth. Several genes encode anticancer compounds, such as lectin-coding genes, the stigmasterol-coding CYP710A gene, the tocopherol-coding ?-TMT gene, the fatty acid-coding FAD gene, the doxorubicin-coding DXR gene, and the chalcone synthase-coding CHS gene. These genes have mechanisms to increase the expression of several apoptosis-promoting proteins, including BCL-2 family members, in several cancer cell models. This article also describes the potential utilization and creation of molecular markers linked to genes encoding anticancer chemicals and can be used as a reference for research on medicinal plants that is still limited. Knowledge of genes encoding anticancer compounds in plants can support future research in the development of cancer drugs.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136026023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MORIZON MORIZON, DODIK RIDHO NURROCHMAT, AWANG MAHARIJAYA, PRABU KRESNA PUTRA
Abstract. Morizon, Nurrochmat DR, Maharijaya A, Putra PK. 2023. Developing a sustainable community forest management strategy in the mountainous areas of Tanggamus, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4503-4513. The Community Forest (HKm) program allows local communities to legally manage forests to strengthen their rights and reduce conflicts over forest resources. However, the program has yet to be successful in achieving its goals. This study aims to provide recommendations for HKM management strategies. The research involved surveys, field observations, and literature studies. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling and data analysis applied qualitative methods, including triangulation and SWOT analysis. The study found that the social and institutional aspects of the HKM program were not functioning well, with poor relationships among members of the farmers' group (Gapoktan). From an ecological perspective, there has been a decline in plant species. At the same time, the economic aspect shows that only 15% of members benefited from HKM, leaving the rest feeling its negative impact. The study recommends institutional restructuring, coaching, and capacity building for human resources, implementing agroforestry and organic schemes for coffee cultivation, providing guidance on alternative crops such as cardamom, and optimizing the role of cooperatives within the group. Key players must actively participate in HKM management. These recommendations could lead to the effective implementation of the HKM program.
摘要Morizon, Nurrochmat DR, Maharijaya A, Putra PK. 2023。在印度尼西亚楠榜省唐加马斯山区制定可持续社区森林管理战略。生物多样性学报，24(3):453 - 456。社区森林(HKm)项目允许当地社区合法经营森林，以加强他们的权利，减少对森林资源的冲突。然而，该计划尚未成功实现其目标。本研究旨在为香港医院管理策略提供建议。这项研究包括调查、实地观察和文献研究。调查对象的选择采用目的性抽样和数据分析的定性方法，包括三角法和SWOT分析。该研究发现，HKM项目的社会和制度方面没有很好地发挥作用，农民团体(Gapoktan)成员之间的关系很差。从生态学的角度来看，植物种类已经减少。与此同时，从经济方面来看，只有15%的成员受益于港交所，其余成员则感受到港交所带来的负面影响。该研究建议进行机构重组、人力资源培训和能力建设、实施农林业和咖啡有机种植计划、提供关于豆蔻等替代作物的指导，以及优化合作社在集团内的作用。关键人员必须积极参与HKM管理。这些建议可促进香港环保计划的有效实施。
{"title":"Developing a sustainable community forest management strategy in the mountainous areas of Tanggamus, Lampung, Indonesia","authors":"MORIZON MORIZON, DODIK RIDHO NURROCHMAT, AWANG MAHARIJAYA, PRABU KRESNA PUTRA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240831","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Morizon, Nurrochmat DR, Maharijaya A, Putra PK. 2023. Developing a sustainable community forest management strategy in the mountainous areas of Tanggamus, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4503-4513. The Community Forest (HKm) program allows local communities to legally manage forests to strengthen their rights and reduce conflicts over forest resources. However, the program has yet to be successful in achieving its goals. This study aims to provide recommendations for HKM management strategies. The research involved surveys, field observations, and literature studies. Respondents were selected using purposive sampling and data analysis applied qualitative methods, including triangulation and SWOT analysis. The study found that the social and institutional aspects of the HKM program were not functioning well, with poor relationships among members of the farmers' group (Gapoktan). From an ecological perspective, there has been a decline in plant species. At the same time, the economic aspect shows that only 15% of members benefited from HKM, leaving the rest feeling its negative impact. The study recommends institutional restructuring, coaching, and capacity building for human resources, implementing agroforestry and organic schemes for coffee cultivation, providing guidance on alternative crops such as cardamom, and optimizing the role of cooperatives within the group. Key players must actively participate in HKM management. These recommendations could lead to the effective implementation of the HKM program.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136026596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Utari VF, Chozin MA, Hapsari DP, Ritonga AW. 2023. Morphophysiological responses and tolerance of various sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata) hybrids to shade stress. Biodiversitas 24: 4438-4447. Expanding lands for cultivating sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata) is a strategy to increase its production. Yet, the available lands for sweet corn extensification might be those with existing tree stands with some extent of shading. Planting sweet corn under tree stands affects its growth and productivity since there is a reduction in light intensity, but some superior varieties might tolerate such stress. This study aimed to determine the growth, yield, and shade-tolerance levels of several sweet corn genotypes under shade stress. The experiment adopted a randomized complete block design consisting of two factors, namely shading (i.e. control or 0% shade and 50% shade) and sweet corn genotype (16 genotypes). The observed parameters included morphological traits (plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, and stem diameter), physiological traits (stomatal density and trichome density), yield attributes (cob weight with husks, cob weight without husks, cob length, cob diameter, and total soluble solid), and stress tolerance index (STI). The tested genotypes responded differently to shading. In general, 50% shade significantly reduced cob production, with an average decrease of more than 50% compared to the control. Commercial varieties, namely Exotic (G13), Talenta (G14), Paragon (G15), and Golden Boy (G16), had relatively higher STI values compared to the hybrids. Among the hybrids, the highest STI values were observed for genotypes resulting from the crosses SM7-8 × SM12-2 (G11) and SM11-6 × SM12-2 (G12). The results of this study recommend that commercial varieties can be cultivated under tree stands or low light intensity and can be used to develop high-yielding shade-tolerant sweet corn varieties.
{"title":"Morphophysiological responses and tolerance of various sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata) hybrids to shade stress","authors":"VIRGIANA FITRI UTARI, MUHAMAD ACHMAD CHOZIN, DHIKA PRITA HAPSARI, ARYA WIDURA RITONGA","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240825","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Utari VF, Chozin MA, Hapsari DP, Ritonga AW. 2023. Morphophysiological responses and tolerance of various sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata) hybrids to shade stress. Biodiversitas 24: 4438-4447. Expanding lands for cultivating sweet corn (Zea mays convar. saccharata) is a strategy to increase its production. Yet, the available lands for sweet corn extensification might be those with existing tree stands with some extent of shading. Planting sweet corn under tree stands affects its growth and productivity since there is a reduction in light intensity, but some superior varieties might tolerate such stress. This study aimed to determine the growth, yield, and shade-tolerance levels of several sweet corn genotypes under shade stress. The experiment adopted a randomized complete block design consisting of two factors, namely shading (i.e. control or 0% shade and 50% shade) and sweet corn genotype (16 genotypes). The observed parameters included morphological traits (plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, and stem diameter), physiological traits (stomatal density and trichome density), yield attributes (cob weight with husks, cob weight without husks, cob length, cob diameter, and total soluble solid), and stress tolerance index (STI). The tested genotypes responded differently to shading. In general, 50% shade significantly reduced cob production, with an average decrease of more than 50% compared to the control. Commercial varieties, namely Exotic (G13), Talenta (G14), Paragon (G15), and Golden Boy (G16), had relatively higher STI values compared to the hybrids. Among the hybrids, the highest STI values were observed for genotypes resulting from the crosses SM7-8 × SM12-2 (G11) and SM11-6 × SM12-2 (G12). The results of this study recommend that commercial varieties can be cultivated under tree stands or low light intensity and can be used to develop high-yielding shade-tolerant sweet corn varieties.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136026754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
SUROSO SUROSO, JOHAN ISKANDAR, SUSANTI WITHANINGSIH, DEDEN NURJAMAN, BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR
Abstract. Suroso, Iskandar J, Withaningsih S, Nurjaman D, Iskandar BS. 2023. Bird population and bird hunting in the rural ecosystem of Cijambu, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4470-4484. Some rural West Java ecosystems have a high bird species diversity because they have forests, bamboo talun, mixed gardens, rice fields, and homegardens. Rapid population expansion, illicit bird shooting, forest degradation and conversion, and pesticide pollution have reduced rural bird species diversity. This study examined bird diversity in natural forests, coffee agroforestry, vegetable gardens, and bird hunting. Quantitative and qualitative research were used. The point count approach investigates bird species and populations, whereas detailed interviews with knowledgeable informants are used to study bird hunting. In natural forests, vegetable gardens, and coffee agroforestry, 67 species from 39 bird groups were found. The bird species diversity index in three habitats: vegetable garden (H'=2.59), coffee agroforestry (H'=2.97), and natural forest (H'=2.96). Based on the Sorensen Similarity Index, bird species in in vegetable garden and coffee agroforestry, vegetable garden and natural forest, and coffee agroforestry and natural forest had a similarity index of 31.03%, 22.22%, and 52.05%, respectively. These findings suggest that bird species may prefer coffee agroforestry over vegetable gardens. The coffee agroforestry system can generate complex vegetation canopy stratification with a multi-layered vegetation canopy, resembling natural forest stratification. Illegal hunting of bird species for trade is one of the causes of the decline in bird populations in rural ecosystems of West Java, including in Cijambu Village. The coffee agroforestry provides a habitat for rural birds.
摘要Suroso, Iskandar J, Withaningsih S, Nurjaman D, Iskandar BS。2023. 印度尼西亚西爪哇省苏梅当省Cijambu农村生态系统中的鸟类种群和鸟类狩猎。生物多样性24:4470-4484。西爪哇的一些农村生态系统有很高的鸟类物种多样性，因为它们有森林、竹林、混合花园、稻田和家庭花园。人口迅速膨胀、非法猎鸟、森林退化和转换以及农药污染导致农村鸟类物种多样性减少。本研究考察了天然林、咖啡农林业、菜园和鸟类狩猎的鸟类多样性。采用定量和定性研究相结合的方法。点计数法调查鸟类种类和种群，而与知识渊博的线人的详细访谈则用于研究鸟类狩猎。在天然林、蔬菜园和咖啡农林业共发现39个鸟类类群67种。蔬菜园(H′=2.59)、咖啡农林业(H′=2.97)和天然林(H′=2.96)3种生境鸟类物种多样性指数。Sorensen相似指数表明，菜园与咖啡农林业、菜园与天然林、咖啡农林业与天然林的鸟类相似度分别为31.03%、22.22%和52.05%。这些发现表明鸟类可能更喜欢咖啡农林业而不是菜园。咖啡农林复合系统可以产生复杂的植被冠层分层，具有多层植被冠层，类似于天然林分层。非法狩猎鸟类用于贸易是西爪哇农村生态系统中鸟类数量下降的原因之一，包括在Cijambu村。咖啡农林业为农村鸟类提供了栖息地。
{"title":"Bird population and bird hunting in the rural ecosystem of Cijambu, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia","authors":"SUROSO SUROSO, JOHAN ISKANDAR, SUSANTI WITHANINGSIH, DEDEN NURJAMAN, BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240828","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Suroso, Iskandar J, Withaningsih S, Nurjaman D, Iskandar BS. 2023. Bird population and bird hunting in the rural ecosystem of Cijambu, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4470-4484. Some rural West Java ecosystems have a high bird species diversity because they have forests, bamboo talun, mixed gardens, rice fields, and homegardens. Rapid population expansion, illicit bird shooting, forest degradation and conversion, and pesticide pollution have reduced rural bird species diversity. This study examined bird diversity in natural forests, coffee agroforestry, vegetable gardens, and bird hunting. Quantitative and qualitative research were used. The point count approach investigates bird species and populations, whereas detailed interviews with knowledgeable informants are used to study bird hunting. In natural forests, vegetable gardens, and coffee agroforestry, 67 species from 39 bird groups were found. The bird species diversity index in three habitats: vegetable garden (H'=2.59), coffee agroforestry (H'=2.97), and natural forest (H'=2.96). Based on the Sorensen Similarity Index, bird species in in vegetable garden and coffee agroforestry, vegetable garden and natural forest, and coffee agroforestry and natural forest had a similarity index of 31.03%, 22.22%, and 52.05%, respectively. These findings suggest that bird species may prefer coffee agroforestry over vegetable gardens. The coffee agroforestry system can generate complex vegetation canopy stratification with a multi-layered vegetation canopy, resembling natural forest stratification. Illegal hunting of bird species for trade is one of the causes of the decline in bird populations in rural ecosystems of West Java, including in Cijambu Village. The coffee agroforestry provides a habitat for rural birds.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136026749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MILDAWATI MILDAWATI, SOBIR SOBIR, SULISTIJORINI SULISTIJORINI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI
Abstract. Mildawati, Sobir, Sulistijorini, Chikmawati T. 2023. Phylogeny of Davallia (Davalliaceae) from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: evidence from trnL-F Intergenic Spacer. Biodiversitas 24: 4589-4596. Davallia is a member of the family Davalliaceae, which has a wide distribution in the Malesia region. The classification of this genus based on morphological and molecular data shows differences that cause the relationship among species to be debated until now. This study aimed to examine the phylogeny of Davallia from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia based on trnL-F intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence data. A total of 26 accessions representing 10 Davallia species were selected as ingroup and Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C.Presl as an outgroup was downloaded from Gen-Bank (accession number KF667613.1). Data analysis using the Maximum Parsimony (MP) method confirmed Davallia into 2 clades with divided into 7 subclades. Results showed that trnL-F IGS sequence as a non-coding gene explains the grouping species in Davallia. trnL-F IGS sequence can estimate species identity caused by changes in nucleotide bases from mutation. The MP analysis showed each species was resolved as monophyletic. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the longest branching was found in D. corniculata, suggesting that this species is the most primitive in the genus of Davallia in this region. Thus, the trnL-F marker effectively showed the relationship among species in Davallia in Sumatra and Mentawai Islands.
{"title":"Phylogeny of Davallia (Davalliaceae) from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: evidence from trnL-F Intergenic Spacer","authors":"MILDAWATI MILDAWATI, SOBIR SOBIR, SULISTIJORINI SULISTIJORINI, TATIK CHIKMAWATI","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240841","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mildawati, Sobir, Sulistijorini, Chikmawati T. 2023. Phylogeny of Davallia (Davalliaceae) from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia: evidence from trnL-F Intergenic Spacer. Biodiversitas 24: 4589-4596. Davallia is a member of the family Davalliaceae, which has a wide distribution in the Malesia region. The classification of this genus based on morphological and molecular data shows differences that cause the relationship among species to be debated until now. This study aimed to examine the phylogeny of Davallia from Sumatra and Mentawai Islands, Indonesia based on trnL-F intergenic spacer (IGS) sequence data. A total of 26 accessions representing 10 Davallia species were selected as ingroup and Oleandra articulata (Sw.) C.Presl as an outgroup was downloaded from Gen-Bank (accession number KF667613.1). Data analysis using the Maximum Parsimony (MP) method confirmed Davallia into 2 clades with divided into 7 subclades. Results showed that trnL-F IGS sequence as a non-coding gene explains the grouping species in Davallia. trnL-F IGS sequence can estimate species identity caused by changes in nucleotide bases from mutation. The MP analysis showed each species was resolved as monophyletic. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the longest branching was found in D. corniculata, suggesting that this species is the most primitive in the genus of Davallia in this region. Thus, the trnL-F marker effectively showed the relationship among species in Davallia in Sumatra and Mentawai Islands.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136026028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Appamaraka S, Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Junsongduang A, Setyawan AD. 2023. Ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest by Kaloeng Ethnic Group, Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 4617-4635. Don Pu Ta Forest (in Thailand) is a vital conservation area with significant natural resources that are intertwined with the way of life, traditions, beliefs, and culture of the local community. This ecosystem fosters interdependence among its components. The local healers rely on the medicinal plants found in the Don Pu Ta Forest to provide healthcare to the people in their community. This research aimed to investigate the plant diversity, ethnobotanical knowledge, and medicinal plant utilization in the Don Pu Ta Forest, specifically within the Kaloeng Ethnic Group of Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving three indigenous healers and 220 local residents between January 2016 and November 2017. The interviews focused on plant usage, local names, utilized plant parts, methods of use, and medicinal properties. We also conducted vegetation analysis to assess the diversity and composition of vegetation in the Don Pu Ta Forest. The findings revealed that the Don Pu Ta Forest of the Kaloeng Ethnic Group in Sakon Nakhon Province contained medicinal plants from 28 families and 44 species. The biodiversity index (H') was calculated as 3.34, the Evenness Index (E) as 0.88, and the highest importance value index (IVI) as 25.26. Interviews with folk medicine healers identified the use of medicinal plants for treating 29 different symptoms. Notably, Micromelum minutum (Forst.f.) Wright & Arn., Rhodamnia dumetorum (DC.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Garcinia cowa Roxb., and Casearia grewiifolia var. grewiifolia exhibited the highest Fidelity Level (FL) at 100%. The results of this study imply that ancestral wisdom's role in shaping the Kaloeng group's medicinal traditions, advocating for their integration with contemporary healthcare. In summary, the study offers valuable insights into the diversity, importance, and ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants in Don Pu Ta Forest, emphasizing possibilities for conservation, sustainable practices, and further exploration of these resources for healthcare benefits.
摘要apappamaraka S, Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Junsongduang A, Setyawan AD。2023. 泰国东北部沙空那空省卡隆族Don Pu Ta森林药用植物的民族植物学知识。生物多样性24:4617-4635。Don Pu Ta森林(位于泰国)是一个重要的自然保护区，拥有丰富的自然资源，与当地社区的生活方式、传统、信仰和文化交织在一起。这个生态系统促进了其组成部分之间的相互依存。当地的治疗师依靠在顿普塔森林中发现的药用植物来为他们社区的人们提供医疗保健。本研究旨在调查泰国沙空那空省卡隆族Don Pu Ta森林的植物多样性、民族植物学知识和药用植物利用情况。2016年1月至2017年11月期间，通过半结构化访谈收集数据，涉及三名土著治疗师和220名当地居民。访谈的重点是植物的使用、当地名称、利用的植物部位、使用方法和药用特性。通过植被分析，对顿普塔森林植被的多样性和组成进行了评价。结果表明，在萨贡那空省卡罗龙族的顿普塔森林中，有28科44种药用植物。生物多样性指数(H’)为3.34，均匀度指数(E)为0.88，最高重要值指数(IVI)为25.26。与民间医学治疗师的访谈确定了使用药用植物治疗29种不同症状。值得注意的是，Micromelum minutum (forest .f.)赖特,在攻击。罗丹尼亚(哥伦比亚特区)稳定。,L.M. Perry, Garcinia cowa Roxb。褐花Casearia grewiifolia var. grewiifolia的保真度(Fidelity Level)最高，为100%。这项研究的结果表明，祖先的智慧在塑造卡罗龙群体的医药传统中的作用，倡导他们与当代医疗保健的整合。总之，该研究为顿普塔森林药用植物的多样性、重要性和民族植物学用途提供了有价值的见解，强调了保护、可持续实践和进一步开发这些资源的可能性。
{"title":"Ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest by Kaloeng Ethnic Group, Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand","authors":"SOMBAT APPAMARAKA, SURAPON SAENSOUK, PIYAPORN SAENSOUK, AUEMPORN JUNSONGDUANG, AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN","doi":"10.13057/biodiv/d240844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240844","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Appamaraka S, Saensouk S, Saensouk P, Junsongduang A, Setyawan AD. 2023. Ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants in the Don Pu Ta Forest by Kaloeng Ethnic Group, Sakon Nakhon Province, Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 4617-4635. Don Pu Ta Forest (in Thailand) is a vital conservation area with significant natural resources that are intertwined with the way of life, traditions, beliefs, and culture of the local community. This ecosystem fosters interdependence among its components. The local healers rely on the medicinal plants found in the Don Pu Ta Forest to provide healthcare to the people in their community. This research aimed to investigate the plant diversity, ethnobotanical knowledge, and medicinal plant utilization in the Don Pu Ta Forest, specifically within the Kaloeng Ethnic Group of Sakon Nakhon Province, Thailand. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving three indigenous healers and 220 local residents between January 2016 and November 2017. The interviews focused on plant usage, local names, utilized plant parts, methods of use, and medicinal properties. We also conducted vegetation analysis to assess the diversity and composition of vegetation in the Don Pu Ta Forest. The findings revealed that the Don Pu Ta Forest of the Kaloeng Ethnic Group in Sakon Nakhon Province contained medicinal plants from 28 families and 44 species. The biodiversity index (H') was calculated as 3.34, the Evenness Index (E) as 0.88, and the highest importance value index (IVI) as 25.26. Interviews with folk medicine healers identified the use of medicinal plants for treating 29 different symptoms. Notably, Micromelum minutum (Forst.f.) Wright & Arn., Rhodamnia dumetorum (DC.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, Garcinia cowa Roxb., and Casearia grewiifolia var. grewiifolia exhibited the highest Fidelity Level (FL) at 100%. The results of this study imply that ancestral wisdom's role in shaping the Kaloeng group's medicinal traditions, advocating for their integration with contemporary healthcare. In summary, the study offers valuable insights into the diversity, importance, and ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants in Don Pu Ta Forest, emphasizing possibilities for conservation, sustainable practices, and further exploration of these resources for healthcare benefits.","PeriodicalId":8894,"journal":{"name":"Biodiversitas","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136027093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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