Pub Date : 2020-07-24DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1788991
D. Kamalongo, N. Cannon
ABSTRACT In organic production systems, penalties in cereal forage yield and low crude protein (CP) concentration are mainly caused by limited soil nitrogen (N) availability, which can be addressed by using cereal/grain legume bi-cropping systems. To confirm this, a bi-cropping experiment with spring wheat cv. Paragon and faba beans cvs. Fuego and Maris Bead were conducted in 2 years, using a randomised complete block design and sowing the crops in a replacement design series. In 2016, the wheat forage yield in sole cropping exceeded that in bi-cropping by 58%. In 2015, the wheat forage harvest index (HI) in bi-cropping was 14% higher than that in sole cropping, but in 2016 it was 7% lower. In both years, bi-cropping increased the CP and the grain N uptake in the wheat compared with that sole cropping, by 25% and 17%, respectively. The chlorophyll concentration index (CCI) in the wheat was 2.2 times higher in bi-cropping than in sole cropping and 34% higher in the alternate rows systems compared with the broadcast system. In 2015, the efficiency of N use (NLER) in bi-cropping was 50.7% higher than that in sole cropping. Alternate row bi-cropping improved NLER over broadcast by 37.9%. Faba bean rust disease was more severe in Fuego than in Maris Bead. In conclusion, bi-cropping in uniform alternate row spacing can improve productivity and nutritional quality of wheat forage, compared with sole cropping. The bi-crop bean cultivars Fuego and Maris Bead can, improve wheat straw CP and reduce rust disease severity, respectively.
{"title":"Advantages of bi-cropping field beans (Vicia faba) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) on cereal forage yield and quality","authors":"D. Kamalongo, N. Cannon","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1788991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1788991","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In organic production systems, penalties in cereal forage yield and low crude protein (CP) concentration are mainly caused by limited soil nitrogen (N) availability, which can be addressed by using cereal/grain legume bi-cropping systems. To confirm this, a bi-cropping experiment with spring wheat cv. Paragon and faba beans cvs. Fuego and Maris Bead were conducted in 2 years, using a randomised complete block design and sowing the crops in a replacement design series. In 2016, the wheat forage yield in sole cropping exceeded that in bi-cropping by 58%. In 2015, the wheat forage harvest index (HI) in bi-cropping was 14% higher than that in sole cropping, but in 2016 it was 7% lower. In both years, bi-cropping increased the CP and the grain N uptake in the wheat compared with that sole cropping, by 25% and 17%, respectively. The chlorophyll concentration index (CCI) in the wheat was 2.2 times higher in bi-cropping than in sole cropping and 34% higher in the alternate rows systems compared with the broadcast system. In 2015, the efficiency of N use (NLER) in bi-cropping was 50.7% higher than that in sole cropping. Alternate row bi-cropping improved NLER over broadcast by 37.9%. Faba bean rust disease was more severe in Fuego than in Maris Bead. In conclusion, bi-cropping in uniform alternate row spacing can improve productivity and nutritional quality of wheat forage, compared with sole cropping. The bi-crop bean cultivars Fuego and Maris Bead can, improve wheat straw CP and reduce rust disease severity, respectively.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"213 - 229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1788991","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48249183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1785942
I. Revilla, A. Vivar-Quintana, C. Palacios, I. Martínez-Martín, M. Hernández-Jiménez
ABSTRACT The sensory characteristics of suckling lamb meat from 40 animals of the Castellana and Churra breeds from both conventional and organic maternal rearing systems were evaluated by a trained panel and texture and colour properties were also assessed by instrumental methods. The fatty acid profile of the feeding milk and the suckling lamb meat was evaluated by gas chromatography. The results showed that meat samples from organic rearing systems had a higher intramuscular fat content than meat samples from the conventional systems, but lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, both PUFA n-3 and PUFA n-6. Moreover, the Castellana breed samples contained higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids. As for the sensory characteristics, the appearance and the texture were the sensory attributes that were most affected by the rearing system and the breed.
{"title":"Effects of rearing system (organic and conventional) and breed (Churra and Castellana) on fatty acid composition and sensory characteristics of suckling lamb meat produced in north-west Spain","authors":"I. Revilla, A. Vivar-Quintana, C. Palacios, I. Martínez-Martín, M. Hernández-Jiménez","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1785942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1785942","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The sensory characteristics of suckling lamb meat from 40 animals of the Castellana and Churra breeds from both conventional and organic maternal rearing systems were evaluated by a trained panel and texture and colour properties were also assessed by instrumental methods. The fatty acid profile of the feeding milk and the suckling lamb meat was evaluated by gas chromatography. The results showed that meat samples from organic rearing systems had a higher intramuscular fat content than meat samples from the conventional systems, but lower concentrations of saturated fatty acids and higher concentrations of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, both PUFA n-3 and PUFA n-6. Moreover, the Castellana breed samples contained higher concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids. As for the sensory characteristics, the appearance and the texture were the sensory attributes that were most affected by the rearing system and the breed.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"37 1","pages":"25 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1785942","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-23DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1779816
K. Bergstrand, K. Löfkvist, H. Asp
ABSTRACT In greenhouse organic horticulture there is a great challenge in supplying the crop with adequate amounts of nutrients at the right stage of crop development. This has been identified as one of the main factors compromising yields in organic systems as compared with conventional hydroponic systems based on the use of synthetic fertilisers. In organic systems, the supply of nutrients is reliant on microbial degradation of organic complexes, a process that is dependent on factors such as temperature, soil water content and pH. Different organic fertilisers will also have different characteristics with respect to mineralisation of nutrients. In order to evaluate different strategies for organic fertilisation in long-term greenhouse crops such as high-wire tomato crops, an experiment with three different treatments was performed. The different strategies evaluated were one based on blood meal, kalimagnesia and the commercial product Baralith Enslow (composed of clay and ground lucerne), one with poultry manure and kalimagnesia, and one with solid biogas digestate and kalimagnesia. A five-month tomato crop was grown. Lysimeter samples were taken from the growing media biweekly for monitoring of plant available nutrients. The results suggested that nitrogen was likely to have been the limiting factor for plant growth, however, the biogas digestate delivered mineralised nitrogen throughout the experiment.
{"title":"Dynamics of nutrient availability in tomato production with organic fertilisers","authors":"K. Bergstrand, K. Löfkvist, H. Asp","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1779816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1779816","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In greenhouse organic horticulture there is a great challenge in supplying the crop with adequate amounts of nutrients at the right stage of crop development. This has been identified as one of the main factors compromising yields in organic systems as compared with conventional hydroponic systems based on the use of synthetic fertilisers. In organic systems, the supply of nutrients is reliant on microbial degradation of organic complexes, a process that is dependent on factors such as temperature, soil water content and pH. Different organic fertilisers will also have different characteristics with respect to mineralisation of nutrients. In order to evaluate different strategies for organic fertilisation in long-term greenhouse crops such as high-wire tomato crops, an experiment with three different treatments was performed. The different strategies evaluated were one based on blood meal, kalimagnesia and the commercial product Baralith Enslow (composed of clay and ground lucerne), one with poultry manure and kalimagnesia, and one with solid biogas digestate and kalimagnesia. A five-month tomato crop was grown. Lysimeter samples were taken from the growing media biweekly for monitoring of plant available nutrients. The results suggested that nitrogen was likely to have been the limiting factor for plant growth, however, the biogas digestate delivered mineralised nitrogen throughout the experiment.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"200 - 212"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1779816","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41815607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-17DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1771416
Gamze Alagöz, H. Özer, A. Pekşen
ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of two planting systems (raised bed and flat) in combination with incorporation of faba bean green manure at two plant growth stages (FS, incorporation at flowering; SAH, incorporation after harvest of fresh pods) on soil microbial activity, yield and quality of tomatoes grown in an organic cultivation system. Treatments without the faba bean green manure in raised beds and flat planting system were used as controls. Soil microbial biomass-C and CO2 production were significantly affected by the interaction between the planting system and green manure treatments; they were generally higher in the raised beds than in the flat planting system and in treatments with incorporation of green manure compared with the controls. The highest leaf chlorophyll concentration (45.6 CCI), stomatal conductance (74.8 mmol m−2 s−1) and yield (2.24 kg plant−1) were recorded in the raised bed planting system with FS green manure. Although the green manure had important effects on the soil microbial activity and the yield, the differences between incorporating the faba beans at the different growth stages (FS and SAH) were less clear. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.01) were found between yield and leaf chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance, soil microbial biomass-C and soil CO2 production, while soil compaction was negatively correlated with yield, stomatal conductance, soil microbial biomass-C, soil CO2 production and leaf chlorophyll concentration.
{"title":"Raised bed planting and green manuring increased tomato yields through improved soil microbial activity in an organic production system","authors":"Gamze Alagöz, H. Özer, A. Pekşen","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1771416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1771416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study investigated the effect of two planting systems (raised bed and flat) in combination with incorporation of faba bean green manure at two plant growth stages (FS, incorporation at flowering; SAH, incorporation after harvest of fresh pods) on soil microbial activity, yield and quality of tomatoes grown in an organic cultivation system. Treatments without the faba bean green manure in raised beds and flat planting system were used as controls. Soil microbial biomass-C and CO2 production were significantly affected by the interaction between the planting system and green manure treatments; they were generally higher in the raised beds than in the flat planting system and in treatments with incorporation of green manure compared with the controls. The highest leaf chlorophyll concentration (45.6 CCI), stomatal conductance (74.8 mmol m−2 s−1) and yield (2.24 kg plant−1) were recorded in the raised bed planting system with FS green manure. Although the green manure had important effects on the soil microbial activity and the yield, the differences between incorporating the faba beans at the different growth stages (FS and SAH) were less clear. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.01) were found between yield and leaf chlorophyll concentration, stomatal conductance, soil microbial biomass-C and soil CO2 production, while soil compaction was negatively correlated with yield, stomatal conductance, soil microbial biomass-C, soil CO2 production and leaf chlorophyll concentration.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"187 - 199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1771416","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42812697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1762739
J. Fritz, Ramia Jannoura, F. Lauer, J. Schenk, P. Masson, R. Joergensen
ABSTRACT An on-vineyard approach was used to investigate the effects of biodynamic (BD) preparations on soil microbial biomass and microbial functional diversity in five vineyards on calcareous bedrocks under organic management. The vineyards formed two groups according to soil type; Cambic Leptosols (A1, A2, and B) and Calcaric Leptosols (C1, C2) as well as two groups according to duration of BD application; 16 years (A1 and A2) and 1–3 years (B, C1, and C2). The two Calcaric Leptosols contained on average 65% more microbial biomass C, 110% more microbial biomass N, 70% more ergosterol and exhibited a 45% higher basal respiration rate than the three Cambic Leptosols. The vineyards had, on average, 11% lower MB-C:N ratios in the treatments with the BD addition (BD+) than in those without (BD-). Most substrates induced the highest respiratory responses at vineyards A1 and A2 and the lowest at vineyard C2. Averaging the 17 substrates of the multi-substrate-induced respiration (MSIR) approach, the mean respiratory response was approximately 20% lower in the BD+ treatment at vineyard A1 in comparison with the BD- treatment, but 33% higher at vineyard C2. The differences between the BD treatments in the induced respiration rate for individual substrates were significant for 12 substrates at vineyard A1 and for 5 substrates at vineyard C2. The lower the respiratory response, the higher was the anabolic demand for a specific MSIR substrate. More vineyards should be analysed to differentiate between the effects of soil type and duration of BD application.
{"title":"Functional microbial diversity responses to biodynamic management in Burgundian vineyard soils","authors":"J. Fritz, Ramia Jannoura, F. Lauer, J. Schenk, P. Masson, R. Joergensen","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1762739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1762739","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An on-vineyard approach was used to investigate the effects of biodynamic (BD) preparations on soil microbial biomass and microbial functional diversity in five vineyards on calcareous bedrocks under organic management. The vineyards formed two groups according to soil type; Cambic Leptosols (A1, A2, and B) and Calcaric Leptosols (C1, C2) as well as two groups according to duration of BD application; 16 years (A1 and A2) and 1–3 years (B, C1, and C2). The two Calcaric Leptosols contained on average 65% more microbial biomass C, 110% more microbial biomass N, 70% more ergosterol and exhibited a 45% higher basal respiration rate than the three Cambic Leptosols. The vineyards had, on average, 11% lower MB-C:N ratios in the treatments with the BD addition (BD+) than in those without (BD-). Most substrates induced the highest respiratory responses at vineyards A1 and A2 and the lowest at vineyard C2. Averaging the 17 substrates of the multi-substrate-induced respiration (MSIR) approach, the mean respiratory response was approximately 20% lower in the BD+ treatment at vineyard A1 in comparison with the BD- treatment, but 33% higher at vineyard C2. The differences between the BD treatments in the induced respiration rate for individual substrates were significant for 12 substrates at vineyard A1 and for 5 substrates at vineyard C2. The lower the respiratory response, the higher was the anabolic demand for a specific MSIR substrate. More vineyards should be analysed to differentiate between the effects of soil type and duration of BD application.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"172 - 186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1762739","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49307791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1756407
F. Caradonia, E. Francia, R. Barbieri, L. Setti, Djangsou Hagassou, D. Ronga
ABSTRACT At present, consumer concern about the impact of food production on the environment is driving increased demand for high quality and healthy tomatoes. However, the yield of processing tomatoes in organic systems are generally lower than that in conventional systems and only a limited number of genotypes suitable for low input or organic systems are available for farmers. The technique of grafting commercial genotypes onto selected rootstocks offers a faster alternative to the classic breeding process. Therefore, in this study, the use of the interspecific rootstock RS01658654 (RT1) was assessed, aiming to improve the marketable yield of processing tomatoes grown in an organic cropping system. The non-commercial processing tomato genotype TC266 was grafted onto the interspecific rootstock RT1 and the plants were then grown under organic conditions. In two growing seasons, morphological, physiological and agronomic performances of grafted processing tomato plants were compared to non-grafted and self-grafted plants. TC226 grafted onto RT1 had a higher number of flowers and leaves compared with the non-grafted and the self-grafted plants. In addition, the marketable yield (significant in 2017 only), the number of fruits and the fruit dry weight were higher for plants grown on the interspecific rootstock RT1, without affecting the quality of the fruit. The results of this study showed that the use of the interspecific rootstock RT1 could provide a good option for improving the production of processing tomatoes in organic farming.
{"title":"Interspecific rootstock can enhance yield of processing tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in organic farming","authors":"F. Caradonia, E. Francia, R. Barbieri, L. Setti, Djangsou Hagassou, D. Ronga","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1756407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1756407","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT At present, consumer concern about the impact of food production on the environment is driving increased demand for high quality and healthy tomatoes. However, the yield of processing tomatoes in organic systems are generally lower than that in conventional systems and only a limited number of genotypes suitable for low input or organic systems are available for farmers. The technique of grafting commercial genotypes onto selected rootstocks offers a faster alternative to the classic breeding process. Therefore, in this study, the use of the interspecific rootstock RS01658654 (RT1) was assessed, aiming to improve the marketable yield of processing tomatoes grown in an organic cropping system. The non-commercial processing tomato genotype TC266 was grafted onto the interspecific rootstock RT1 and the plants were then grown under organic conditions. In two growing seasons, morphological, physiological and agronomic performances of grafted processing tomato plants were compared to non-grafted and self-grafted plants. TC226 grafted onto RT1 had a higher number of flowers and leaves compared with the non-grafted and the self-grafted plants. In addition, the marketable yield (significant in 2017 only), the number of fruits and the fruit dry weight were higher for plants grown on the interspecific rootstock RT1, without affecting the quality of the fruit. The results of this study showed that the use of the interspecific rootstock RT1 could provide a good option for improving the production of processing tomatoes in organic farming.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"156 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1756407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45258782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2019.1689531
E. Testani, F. Montemurro, C. Ciaccia, M. Diacono
ABSTRACT Climate change tends to intensify extreme weather events worldwide, negatively affecting agriculture and threatening global food security. More resilient agroecosystems are required to assure yield stability. In this research, which was carried out in a Mediterranean environment in 2013–2015, the response of organic lettuce to cover crop management and organic fertilisation, in terms of yield, nitrogen status and efficiency, was investigated. A vetch cover crop was introduced before the lettuce and was terminated by the no-till roller crimper strategy (RC), which was compared with incorporation of the vetch into the soil as green manure (GM) and with a no-vetch control (No_V). Two organic fertilisers derived from waste recycling, anaerobic digestate (AD) and municipal solid waste compost (MSW), were compared with a commercial organic fertiliser (ORG) and with a control with no fertiliser (No_F). The RC treatment resulted in high lettuce yields in both years, whereas GM showed intermediate yield values (significant differences in 2014). Crop N status reflected yield, with improved values in RC plots. At harvest, particularly in 2014, the use of vetch and fertilisers increased soil mineral nitrogen concentrations compared with those in No_V and No_F treatments, though the differences were not statistically significant. Lettuce N use efficiency (NUE) had an inverse trend to that of the yield; the lower the yield the higher the NUE. The RC in combination with the use of organic fertilisers assured a satisfactory response to the variability in weather, in terms of both yield stability and preservation of soil fertility.
{"title":"Agroecological practices for organic lettuce: effects on yield, nitrogen status and nitrogen utilisation efficiency","authors":"E. Testani, F. Montemurro, C. Ciaccia, M. Diacono","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2019.1689531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2019.1689531","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Climate change tends to intensify extreme weather events worldwide, negatively affecting agriculture and threatening global food security. More resilient agroecosystems are required to assure yield stability. In this research, which was carried out in a Mediterranean environment in 2013–2015, the response of organic lettuce to cover crop management and organic fertilisation, in terms of yield, nitrogen status and efficiency, was investigated. A vetch cover crop was introduced before the lettuce and was terminated by the no-till roller crimper strategy (RC), which was compared with incorporation of the vetch into the soil as green manure (GM) and with a no-vetch control (No_V). Two organic fertilisers derived from waste recycling, anaerobic digestate (AD) and municipal solid waste compost (MSW), were compared with a commercial organic fertiliser (ORG) and with a control with no fertiliser (No_F). The RC treatment resulted in high lettuce yields in both years, whereas GM showed intermediate yield values (significant differences in 2014). Crop N status reflected yield, with improved values in RC plots. At harvest, particularly in 2014, the use of vetch and fertilisers increased soil mineral nitrogen concentrations compared with those in No_V and No_F treatments, though the differences were not statistically significant. Lettuce N use efficiency (NUE) had an inverse trend to that of the yield; the lower the yield the higher the NUE. The RC in combination with the use of organic fertilisers assured a satisfactory response to the variability in weather, in terms of both yield stability and preservation of soil fertility.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"84 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2019.1689531","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42946137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2019.1704876
C. Ozuna, S. Mulík, Berenice Valdez-Rodríguez, M. Abraham-Juárez, C. L. Fernández-López
ABSTRACT Mexico is one of the world leaders in the production of coffee, but research on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in Mexican coffee has been extremely limited and, importantly, the effect of organic farming on these properties has not been widely studied. Spent coffee grounds (SCG), the main by-product of coffee brewing, represent a serious environmental problem, but could become an important source of bioactive compounds for the pharmaceutical and food-processing industry. The aim of this work was, therefore, to study the effect of organic farming on bioactive and antioxidant properties of SCG; comparing samples of organic and conventionally grown coffee from the Mexican states of Veracruz and Chiapas, both of which produce coffee with the ‘Protected Designation of Origin’ distinction. Concentrations of total phenolic compound and total flavonoid compounds, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline 6- sulphonic-acid) antioxidant activity, and brown compound concentration were determined in SCG. Repeated measures ANOVAs were carried out on the data. Organic SCG samples showed significantly higher bioactive compound concentration (p < 0.01) and antioxidant activity (p < 0.001) than conventional SCG samples. This difference held across various extractions and the two geographical locations. Thus, this Mexican organic coffee by-product may represent an interesting source of such compounds for diverse industrial applications. Given that Mexico is one of the top producers of organic coffee in the world, there is a need for further research to consider other important variables, such as the type of coffee processing by-product and the type of coffee extraction process.
{"title":"The effect of organic farming on total phenols, total flavonoids, brown compounds and antioxidant activity of spent coffee grounds from Mexico","authors":"C. Ozuna, S. Mulík, Berenice Valdez-Rodríguez, M. Abraham-Juárez, C. L. Fernández-López","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2019.1704876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2019.1704876","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mexico is one of the world leaders in the production of coffee, but research on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in Mexican coffee has been extremely limited and, importantly, the effect of organic farming on these properties has not been widely studied. Spent coffee grounds (SCG), the main by-product of coffee brewing, represent a serious environmental problem, but could become an important source of bioactive compounds for the pharmaceutical and food-processing industry. The aim of this work was, therefore, to study the effect of organic farming on bioactive and antioxidant properties of SCG; comparing samples of organic and conventionally grown coffee from the Mexican states of Veracruz and Chiapas, both of which produce coffee with the ‘Protected Designation of Origin’ distinction. Concentrations of total phenolic compound and total flavonoid compounds, DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline 6- sulphonic-acid) antioxidant activity, and brown compound concentration were determined in SCG. Repeated measures ANOVAs were carried out on the data. Organic SCG samples showed significantly higher bioactive compound concentration (p < 0.01) and antioxidant activity (p < 0.001) than conventional SCG samples. This difference held across various extractions and the two geographical locations. Thus, this Mexican organic coffee by-product may represent an interesting source of such compounds for diverse industrial applications. Given that Mexico is one of the top producers of organic coffee in the world, there is a need for further research to consider other important variables, such as the type of coffee processing by-product and the type of coffee extraction process.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"107 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2019.1704876","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48964545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2019.1680432
E. Runno-Paurson, P. Lääniste, V. Eremeev, T. Tähtjärv, E. Kaurilind, T. Tosens, Ü. Niinemets, I. Williams
ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of a winter cover crop (CC) and its combination with composted cattle manure (CC-M) on the development of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and crop yield were investigated and compared with a system with no cover crop (NC). In the CC and CC-M systems, winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) was used as the winter cover crop before potatoes. The hypothesis that the cover crop could be used as a possible control strategy against late blight in organic potato cultivation was not confirmed. Although the progression of foliar late blight damage in CC treatment was significantly slower in the early stages of disease development relative to NC, CC did not significantly reduce late blight at the later stages, or over the full season, and it did not increase tuber yield. Adding cattle manure to the CC treatment favoured late blight development and the damage was significantly more severe than in the other systems and tuber yield was nominally lower (though not significantly). The late blight pressure differed between treatments, with early disease development significantly slower on CC plots compared to CC-M in both growing seasons, but still not different to that in the plants grown in the NC system. Based on the results, in regions where oospores are a primary infection source, making P. infestans a soilborne pathogen, the use of cover crops may provide a sustainable strategy for reducing late blight damage in an organic system, but further investigation is needed.
{"title":"Does winter oilseed rape as a winter cover crop influence potato late blight development in an organic crop rotation?","authors":"E. Runno-Paurson, P. Lääniste, V. Eremeev, T. Tähtjärv, E. Kaurilind, T. Tosens, Ü. Niinemets, I. Williams","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2019.1680432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2019.1680432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of a winter cover crop (CC) and its combination with composted cattle manure (CC-M) on the development of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and crop yield were investigated and compared with a system with no cover crop (NC). In the CC and CC-M systems, winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L) was used as the winter cover crop before potatoes. The hypothesis that the cover crop could be used as a possible control strategy against late blight in organic potato cultivation was not confirmed. Although the progression of foliar late blight damage in CC treatment was significantly slower in the early stages of disease development relative to NC, CC did not significantly reduce late blight at the later stages, or over the full season, and it did not increase tuber yield. Adding cattle manure to the CC treatment favoured late blight development and the damage was significantly more severe than in the other systems and tuber yield was nominally lower (though not significantly). The late blight pressure differed between treatments, with early disease development significantly slower on CC plots compared to CC-M in both growing seasons, but still not different to that in the plants grown in the NC system. Based on the results, in regions where oospores are a primary infection source, making P. infestans a soilborne pathogen, the use of cover crops may provide a sustainable strategy for reducing late blight damage in an organic system, but further investigation is needed.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"71 - 83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2019.1680432","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41993153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-02DOI: 10.1080/01448765.2020.1748714
J. Kulaitienė, N. Vaitkevičienė, E. Jarienė, J. Černiauskienė, M. Jeznach, A. Paulauskienė
ABSTRACT The quality attributes of two goji berry cultivars, Lasa and New Big, grown in an organic system in the Lithuanian climate were investigated in two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). Concentrations of mineral elements (N, K, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn, and Se), toxigenic elements (Pb and Cd), dry matter, soluble solids, vitamin C and carotenoids were evaluated. The results showed that the main mineral element in the goji berries was N, with values between 219.4 and 284.8 g kg−1. The New Big berries accumulated significantly higher concentrations of N, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and vitamin C compared with the Lasa berries. Significant differences were found between the two years in the concentrations of macro-elements, such as N, K and P, toxigenic elements (Pb and Cd), and carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin). Concentrations of toxigenic elements were low and below the permissible limit levels. It was concluded that the goji berries tested in this study were a rich source of essential elements, such as N, K, Fe, Zn, B, Mn, and Cu, vitamin C and carotenoids, especially zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin.
摘要连续两年（2015年和2016年）对生长在立陶宛气候有机系统中的两个枸杞品种Lasa和New Big的质量属性进行了调查。评估了矿物元素（N、K、P、Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn、B、Cu、Mn和Se）、产毒元素（Pb和Cd）、干物质、可溶性固体、维生素C和类胡萝卜素的浓度。结果表明，枸杞子中的主要矿物元素为N，其含量在219.4～284.8 g kg−1之间。与Lasa浆果相比，New Big浆果积累了显著更高浓度的N、K、Fe、Zn、Cu和维生素C。两年间，N、K和P等常量元素、产毒元素（Pb和Cd）和类胡萝卜素（叶黄素、玉米黄质和β-隐黄质）的浓度存在显著差异。产毒元素的浓度较低，低于允许的限量水平。结果表明，本研究中测试的枸杞子富含必需元素，如N、K、Fe、Zn、B、Mn和Cu、维生素C和类胡萝卜素，尤其是玉米黄质和β-隐黄质。
{"title":"Concentrations of minerals, soluble solids, vitamin C, carotenoids and toxigenic elements in organic goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.) cultivated in Lithuania","authors":"J. Kulaitienė, N. Vaitkevičienė, E. Jarienė, J. Černiauskienė, M. Jeznach, A. Paulauskienė","doi":"10.1080/01448765.2020.1748714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01448765.2020.1748714","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The quality attributes of two goji berry cultivars, Lasa and New Big, grown in an organic system in the Lithuanian climate were investigated in two consecutive years (2015 and 2016). Concentrations of mineral elements (N, K, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, B, Cu, Mn, and Se), toxigenic elements (Pb and Cd), dry matter, soluble solids, vitamin C and carotenoids were evaluated. The results showed that the main mineral element in the goji berries was N, with values between 219.4 and 284.8 g kg−1. The New Big berries accumulated significantly higher concentrations of N, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and vitamin C compared with the Lasa berries. Significant differences were found between the two years in the concentrations of macro-elements, such as N, K and P, toxigenic elements (Pb and Cd), and carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin). Concentrations of toxigenic elements were low and below the permissible limit levels. It was concluded that the goji berries tested in this study were a rich source of essential elements, such as N, K, Fe, Zn, B, Mn, and Cu, vitamin C and carotenoids, especially zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin.","PeriodicalId":8904,"journal":{"name":"Biological Agriculture & Horticulture","volume":"36 1","pages":"130 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/01448765.2020.1748714","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46567752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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