Imagination, cognition and personality最新文献

英文中文

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/02762366241263842

Harrison Chapman, Anna Abraham

People have access to varied entertainment choices through online audiovisual media. Uses and Gratification Theory postulates viewers as active participants in their entertainment selection who watch media for a variety of reasons. Both hedonic and eudaimonic motivations drive user engagement. This paper focuses on how users’ implicit psychological factors (e.g., curiosity, need for affect) influence their motivations for watching online audiovisual media (n = 339). We employed multiple regression to examine predictors of eudaimonic and hedonic motivations alongside information, social interaction, and entertainment uses. The results indicate (1) people's awareness of AI recommender systems does not influence their media engagement, (2) people's need for affect underlies all types of media engagement, and (3) the effect of people's curiosity on their media engagement motivations were dimension-specific (i.e., dependent on the subtype). Our findings are in line with entertainment gratification models and reveal curiosity's unique role in people's motivations for audiovisual entertainment.

人们可以通过网络视听媒体获得各种娱乐选择。使用与满足理论认为，观众是娱乐选择的积极参与者，他们出于各种原因观看媒体。享乐动机和幸福动机都是用户参与的驱动力。本文重点研究用户的内隐心理因素（如好奇心、情感需求）如何影响他们观看网络视听媒体的动机（n = 339）。我们采用多元回归法研究了在信息、社交互动和娱乐用途之外的享乐动机和幸福动机的预测因素。结果表明：(1) 人们对人工智能推荐系统的认识不会影响他们的媒体参与；(2) 人们对情感的需求是所有类型媒体参与的基础；(3) 人们的好奇心对媒体参与动机的影响是特定维度的（即取决于子类型）。我们的研究结果与娱乐满足模型一致，揭示了好奇心在人们视听娱乐动机中的独特作用。

引用次数: 0

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/02762366241262425

Harrison Chapman, Anna Abraham

People are inundated with readily accessible entertainment media choices. Recommender systems are frequently utilized to support people's media selection and engagement. The psychological factors that influence people's engagement with recommender systems and entertainment content is an under-explored area. This paper reports the findings of an exploratory study where users’ explicit experiences of audiovisual media services (e.g., Netflix, TikTok, YouTube, HBO Max) and their recommender systems were examined through an online survey (n = 339). Thematic analysis, factor analysis, and path analysis were used to evaluate the data. The results indicate that (1) recommender systems influence users’ emotions and media use, (2) people prefer personalized compared to generic recommendation lists, (3) the temporal length of recommended content influences people's interest, and (4) perceived utility leads to the endorsement of recommender systems and may influence users’ well-being. The findings point to wider psychological implications associated with user awareness of recommender systems.

人们可以随时随地选择娱乐媒体。推荐系统经常被用来支持人们的媒体选择和参与。影响人们参与推荐系统和娱乐内容的心理因素是一个尚未得到充分探索的领域。本文报告了一项探索性研究的结果，通过在线调查（n = 339）研究了用户对视听媒体服务（如 Netflix、TikTok、YouTube、HBO Max）及其推荐系统的明确体验。数据评估采用了主题分析、因素分析和路径分析。结果表明：(1) 推荐系统会影响用户的情绪和媒体使用；(2) 与通用推荐列表相比，人们更喜欢个性化推荐列表；(3) 推荐内容的时间长度会影响人们的兴趣；(4) 感知到的效用会导致对推荐系统的认可，并可能影响用户的幸福感。研究结果表明，用户对推荐系统的认知会产生更广泛的心理影响。

引用次数: 0

Design, validation and performance of aspartate aminotransferase- and lactate dehydrogenase-reporting algorithms for haemolysed specimens including correction within quality specifications. 针对溶血标本的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶报告算法的设计、验证和性能，包括质量规格内的校正。

IF 2.1

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-07-01 Epub Date: 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.1177/0004563219878475

Selcuk Colak, Onur Tasdemir, Marianne van der Schaaf, Frans Opdam, Vincent van den Noort, Daan van den Broek, Huub H van Rossum

Background: In vitro haemolysis is a major operational challenge for medical laboratories. A new experimental design was used to investigate under what conditions algorithms could be designed to report either quantitative or qualitative aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase results outside the manufacturer's haemolysis specifications. Quantitative corrections were required to meet prespecified quality specifications.

Methods: Twenty-five patient samples were used to design reporting algorithms and another 41 patient samples were used to validate the algorithms. Aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and haemolysis index were determined using a Cobas 6000 analyser (Roche diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). Correction factors were determined, and the accuracy of the correction was investigated. Reporting algorithms were designed based on (i) the manufacturer's cut-off for the haemolysis index, (ii) corrections within the total allowable error specification and (iii) qualitative reporting based on obtained results. The impact of the reporting algorithms was retrospectively determined by recalculating six months of aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase results.

Results: No correction for aspartate aminotransferase/lactate dehydrogenase was possible for results below the upper reference interval limit, while results equal to or greater than the upper reference interval limit could, up to mild haemolysis, be corrected within the total error criterion. All samples generated from the validated patient cohort fulfilled the set criteria. The algorithms allowed reporting 88.5% and 85.9% of otherwise unreported aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase results, respectively.

Conclusions: An approach is presented that allows to generate and validate reporting algorithms for aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase compatible with prespecified quality specifications. The designed algorithms resulted in a significant reduction of otherwise unreported aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase results.

背景：体外溶血是医学实验室面临的一大操作挑战。我们采用了一种新的实验设计来研究在什么条件下可以设计出算法，以报告制造商溶血规格之外的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶定量或定性结果。定量校正必须符合预先规定的质量规范：方法：25 份患者样本用于设计报告算法，另外 41 份患者样本用于验证算法。使用 Cobas 6000 分析仪（德国曼海姆罗氏诊断公司）测定天冬氨酸氨基转移酶、乳酸脱氢酶和溶血指数。确定了校正因子，并对校正的准确性进行了调查。报告算法的设计依据是：(i) 制造商的溶血指数临界值；(ii) 在总允许误差范围内进行校正；(iii) 根据获得的结果进行定性报告。通过重新计算 6 个月的天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶结果，回顾性地确定了报告算法的影响：天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶/乳酸脱氢酶结果低于参考区间上限时无法进行校正，而结果等于或高于参考区间上限时，可在总误差标准范围内对轻度溶血进行校正。验证患者队列中的所有样本均符合设定的标准。该算法可分别报告88.5%和85.9%未报告的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶结果：本文介绍了一种方法，可生成并验证符合预先指定质量规格的天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶报告算法。所设计的算法大大减少了天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶和乳酸脱氢酶未报告的结果。

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引用次数: 0

Continuity Between Waking Life and Dreaming: A Research Note and Study in Adolescents 清醒生活与梦境之间的连续性：青少年研究说明与研究

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1177/02762366241254818

Michael Schredl

A vast number of empirical findings support the continuity hypothesis of dreaming. Interestingly, research on that topic in adolescents is scarce. In a sample of 100 adolescents (50 female, 50 male) with a mean age 15.30 ± 0.80 years, it was found that for all six topics (watching TV, video gaming, social media use, engage in hobbies, caring for pets, and spending time with the partner), dream percentages of a specific topic was higher if the adolescents spent more time with this activity in waking life. Partner dreams and social media dreams were more frequent compared to adults, stressing the importance these issues have for adolescents. Future research can help to understand the well-being of adolescents by analyzing the emotional quality and content of their dreams.

大量实证研究结果支持做梦的连续性假设。有趣的是，有关青少年梦境的研究却很少。在对平均年龄为 15.30 ± 0.80 岁的 100 名青少年（50 名女性，50 名男性）进行的抽样调查中发现，在所有六个主题（看电视、玩电子游戏、使用社交媒体、从事业余爱好、照顾宠物和与伴侣共度时光）中，如果青少年在清醒时花更多时间从事该活动，则特定主题的梦境百分比会更高。与成年人相比，伴侣梦和社交媒体梦的频率更高，这说明这些问题对青少年来说非常重要。未来的研究可以通过分析青少年梦的情感质量和内容，帮助了解他们的幸福感。

引用次数: 0

Measuring the Mediated Imagined Interaction Hypothesis: Scale Development 衡量中介想象的互动假说：量表开发

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1177/02762366241247779

Erin B. Waggoner

Expanding the Mediated Imagined Interaction Hypothesis, this article contributes the development of a scale to test the theoretical construct. Interweaving imagined interactions and media, the mediated imagined interaction hypothesis examines how media impacts how people imagine their real life conversations and interactions with others. The multiphase scale development and testing process for the Mediated Imagined Interaction Scale are presented in this article. Further explorations for application of this scale are discussed.

本文扩展了 "中介想象的互动假说"，开发了一个量表来检验这一理论构架。中介想象中的互动假说将想象中的互动与媒体交织在一起，研究媒体如何影响人们如何想象现实生活中与他人的对话和互动。本文介绍了中介想象互动量表的多阶段量表开发和测试过程。文章还讨论了如何进一步探索该量表的应用。

引用次数: 0

Examining the Mediating Role of Challenge and Threat Appraisal Tendencies on the Relationships Between Mastery Imagery Ability, Perceived Stress and Proactive Coping 研究挑战和威胁评估倾向对掌握意象能力、感知压力和积极应对之间关系的中介作用

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1177/02762366241236759

Henry J. Beevor, Annie T. Ginty, J. Veldhuijzen van Zanten, Sarah E Williams

Given the associations between mastery imagery ability, challenge and threat appraisal tendencies, perceived stress and proactive coping, and the implications for health, this research utilised a two-study approach to assess these associations and was the first study to examine whether appraisal states had a mediating role on the relationships of mastery imagery ability with perceived stress and proactive coping. Study 1 used a sample of 148 participants (M age = 22.52, SD = 4.36 years) and Study 2 used a sample of 338 participants (M age = 19.26, SD = 1.58 years). Participants completed online questionnaires measuring mastery imagery ability, challenge and threat appraisal tendencies, perceived stress, and proactive coping. In Study 1, only threat appraisal mediated the relationship between mastery imagery ability and perceived stress. However, both challenge and threat appraisal mediated the relationship between mastery imagery ability and proactive coping. Study 2 results showed challenge appraisal also mediated these relationships, but threat appraisal played no mediating role. Both studies demonstrate the important mediatory role of stress appraisal states, and the role they can have in regulating stress, but further research is warranted to establish when one stress appraisal may mediate the relationship over the other.

鉴于掌握意象能力、挑战和威胁评价倾向、感知压力和积极应对之间的关联以及对健康的影响，本研究采用了两种研究方法来评估这些关联，并首次研究了评价状态是否对掌握意象能力与感知压力和积极应对之间的关系具有中介作用。研究 1 采用了 148 名参与者（平均年龄 22.52 岁，平均年龄 4.36 岁）的样本，研究 2 采用了 338 名参与者（平均年龄 19.26 岁，平均年龄 1.58 岁）的样本。参与者填写了在线问卷，测量掌握意象能力、挑战和威胁评价倾向、感知压力和积极应对。在研究 1 中，只有威胁评估对掌握意象能力和感知压力之间的关系起到了中介作用。然而，挑战评价和威胁评价都能调节掌握意象能力与积极应对之间的关系。研究 2 的结果显示，挑战评价也对这些关系起到了中介作用，但威胁评价没有起到中介作用。这两项研究都证明了压力评价状态的重要中介作用，以及它们在调节压力方面的作用，但还需要进一步研究，以确定何时一种压力评价会比另一种压力评价更能中介两者之间的关系。

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引用次数: 0

Attitude Towards Dreams: Associated Factors 对梦想的态度：相关因素

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/02762366241234017

Michael Schredl, Silvia Marin-Dragu, Ravishankar Subramani Iyer, Sandra Meier

Representative surveys indicated that the attitude towards dreams varies greatly: some participants agreed to statements like “Dreams are random nonsense” but others expressed more positive attitudes that dreams might be beneficial. The present online study (N = 1,507 participants) elicited attitude towards dreams, personality (Big Five factors), current psychopathology, and COVID19-related worries. As expected, the present study showed that openness to experiences, but also current psychopathology and worries were associated with more positive attitudes towards dreams. This might indicate that persons with problems might turn to dreams, as they might be beneficial with coping those problems. Longitudinal studies might validate the idea that experiencing beneficial effects of dreams, for example, within a therapeutic setting, might affect the attitude towards dreams in a positive way. And, if persons with problems turn to dreams, it would be very helpful to include the tool of working with dreams in current psychotherapy practice.

有代表性的调查显示，人们对梦的态度大相径庭：一些参与者同意 "梦是随意的胡言乱语 "这样的说法，但另一些参与者则表示梦可能有益的积极态度。本在线研究（N = 1,507 名参与者）调查了人们对梦的态度、人格（大五因素）、当前的心理病理学以及与 COVID19 相关的烦恼。不出所料，本研究显示，对经验的开放性、当前的精神病理学和担忧都与对梦的更积极态度相关。这可能表明，有问题的人可能会求助于梦境，因为梦境可能有助于应对这些问题。纵向研究可能会验证这一观点，即在治疗环境中体验梦境的有益影响，可能会以积极的方式影响人们对梦境的态度。而且，如果有问题的人求助于梦境，那么在当前的心理治疗实践中加入梦境这一工具将大有裨益。

引用次数: 0

Personality traits and identity statuses as predictors of personality functioning in mid and late adolescence 人格特质和身份地位是青春期中后期人格功能的预测因素

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1177/02762366231223708

M. G. Sayegh, Mayssah El-Nayal

This study had four objectives: (a) examining the sex-related differences in the level of personality functioning (LOPF), (b) exploring the association between personality traits (PT) and LOPF, (c) exploring the association between identity statuses (IS) and LOPF, (d) exploring whether PT and IS can predict LOPF. A sample of 1450 students aged 15–21 years from high schools and universities from all the governorates of Lebanon participated in this online study. The Arabic version of three measures were used: (a) Revised Personality Inventory: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, EXtraversion, Agreeableness (versus Anger), Conscientiousness, Openness to Experience (HEXACO) – PI – R, (b) Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS), (c) Level of Personality Functioning Screener- Brief Form 2.0 (LOPF-BF-2.0) were rated for the sample. Results showed no statistical differences in LOPF between males and females; IS and LOPF were correlated similarly in both males and females except for Achievement (Ach), which did not correlate significantly with LOPF in males, but correlated negatively and significantly among females. Conversely, Moratorium (M), Foreclosure (F) and Diffusion (D) correlated positively with LOPF in both males and females. All Identity statuses could predict LOPF, except for F; likewise, all personality dimensions Humility (H), Extraversion (X), Agreeableness (A), and Conscientiousness (C) could predict LOPF except for Openness to experience (O). Implications of the results are discussed.

本研究有四个目标：（a）研究人格功能水平（LOPF）中与性别有关的差异；（b）探索人格特质（PT）与 LOPF 之间的关联；（c）探索身份地位（IS）与 LOPF 之间的关联；（d）探索 PT 和 IS 是否可以预测 LOPF。来自黎巴嫩各省高中和大学的 1450 名 15-21 岁学生参加了这项在线研究。研究使用了三种测量方法的阿拉伯语版本：(a) 修订版人格量表：(a) 对样本进行了 "修订版人格量表：诚实-谦逊、情绪化、外向性、宜人性（相对于愤怒）、自觉性、经验开放性（HEXACO）--PI-R"、(b) "自我认同状态扩展客观测量"（EOM-EIS）、(c) "人格功能水平筛选器--简表 2.0"（LOPF-BF-2.0）的评定。结果显示，LOPF 在男性和女性之间没有统计学差异；IS 和 LOPF 在男性和女性之间的相关性相似，但成就（Ach）与 LOPF 的相关性在男性中不显著，但在女性中显著负相关。相反，在男性和女性中，"暂停"（M）、"取消"（F）和 "扩散"（D）与 LOPF 呈正相关。除 F 外，所有身份状态都能预测 LOPF；同样，除经验开放性（O）外，所有人格维度谦逊（H）、外向（X）、宜人（A）和认真（C）都能预测 LOPF。本文讨论了这些结果的意义。

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引用次数: 0

Synesthetic Colors Associated with Personality 与性格相关的同感色彩

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1177/02762366231223709

Catherine Craver-Lemley, Caroline Dillon, Amanda McGraw, Adam Reeves

DR experiences a rare form of synesthesia in which the sight of people simultaneously induces colors. We evaluated her conviction that her synesthetic ‘people-colors’ are stable and associated with personality. In Study 1, DR briefly viewed each of 10 strangers through a half-silvered mirror, in silence, over two sessions. In Study 2, DR could both see and talk briefly to each of 12 new strangers, over three sessions. For each stranger, DR described her synesthetic colors and filled out a ten-item personality inventory (TIPI) based upon them. She provided consistent synesthetic colors/personality ratings across sessions. Still, her initial person-colors did change with further exposure, for the dimension of personality that she identified most accurately, namely, Extraversion. The correlations of DR's colors with the subjects’ Extraversion (as coded from the TIPI self-reports) rose from low-moderate in Study 1 to r = .74 in Study 2, but were weak (r < .03) for the remaining four personality dimensions. We conclude that experiential learning can affect synesthesia, not only for color-word associations, but also for person-colors.

DR 患有一种罕见的联觉症，看到人的同时会产生色彩。我们对她的信念进行了评估，即她的联觉 "人色 "是稳定的，并与人格相关联。在研究 1 中，DR 通过一面半遮半掩的镜子，在两节课的时间里静静地看了 10 个陌生人。在研究 2 中，在三个疗程中，DR 可以看到 12 个新陌生人中的每一个，并与之简短交谈。对于每一个陌生人，DR 都描述了她的联觉色彩，并根据这些色彩填写了一份十项人格清单 (TIPI)。她在各次谈话中提供的联觉色彩/性格评级是一致的。不过，她最初的性格色彩确实会随着进一步的接触而改变，而她最准确的性格维度就是外向性。DR 的颜色与受试者的外向性（根据 TIPI 自我报告编码）的相关性从研究 1 中的低度-中度上升到研究 2 中的 r = .74，但与其余四个人格维度的相关性较弱（r < .03）。我们的结论是，经验学习不仅会影响颜色-词语联想，还会影响人-颜色联想。

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引用次数: 0

Thematic Contents of Mental Imagery are Shaped by Concurrent Task-Irrelevant Music. 任务无关音乐对心理意象主题内容的影响

Imagination, cognition and personality

Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/02762366231193145

Liila Taruffi, Ceren Ayyildiz, Steffen A Herff

Imagination plays a key role in evidence-based, cognitive therapies, and recent research highlights that music - a perceptual stimulus imbued with affective and social meaning - can influence some aspects of imagination, such as vividness and emotional tone. However, little is known about music's capability to facilitate specific imagery themes that may be relevant for therapy. Here, we examine whether the quantity and quality (related to themes of affect, social dynamics, and confidence) of people's imagery is affected by the presence of task-irrelevant background music. One hundred participants imagined the continuation of a figure's journey while listening to different musical excerpts or silence. Written reports of imagined journeys underwent linguistic analysis to reveal the number of words belonging to the themes of interest. Bayesian Mixed Effects models revealed that music (vs. silence) led to longer reports and predicted imagery characterised by affect, social dynamics, and confidence. Implications for therapy are discussed.

想象力在循证认知疗法中发挥着关键作用，最近的研究强调，音乐——一种充满情感和社会意义的感知刺激——可以影响想象力的某些方面，如生动性和情绪基调。然而，人们对音乐促进可能与治疗相关的特定意象主题的能力知之甚少。在这里，我们研究了人们形象的数量和质量（与情感、社会动态和信心等主题有关）是否受到与任务无关的背景音乐的影响。一百名参与者在聆听不同的音乐节选或沉默的同时，想象着一个人的旅程的继续。对想象旅程的书面报告进行了语言学分析，以揭示属于感兴趣主题的单词数量。贝叶斯混合效应模型显示，音乐（与沉默相比）会导致更长的报告和预测图像，其特征是情感、社会动态和信心。讨论了治疗的意义。

引用次数: 0

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